dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 6.3 years (captivity) Observations: One specimen lived 6.3 years in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Conservation Status ( 英語 )

由Animal Diversity Web提供

Current populations of M. albicaudatus are fragmented and in need of better conservational efforts. Mystromys albicaudatus is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List. The IUCN indicates that up to 80 percent of its habitat has been lost, and 50 percent of the remaining habitat is expected to be lost in the next ten years if nothing is done. Its status has not been evaluated in the CITES appendices.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior ( 英語 )

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There is not much informatin in the literature regarding communication systems in M. albicaudatus. However, it clearly communicates though through vocalizations. When young are separated from their mother shortly after birth, they squeal until they find her.

Communication Channels: acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus is not known to negatively impact the economy.

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus has benefited humans through its use in laboratory research.

Positive Impacts: research and education

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus has symbiotic bacteria in its stomach that may be important in carbohydrate fermentation. Also, it eats insects, so it contributes to keeping insect populations in check. Furthermore, it eats seeds, so it is involved in seed dispersal.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

Mutualist Species:

  • symbiotic bacteria.
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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus eats seeds, vegetable material and insects. In the lab, it has been fed and is particularly fond of meat. Also, parents have been seen eating dead offspring on occasion.

Animal Foods: mammals; insects

Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts

Primary Diet: omnivore

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus is native to the Ethiopian region. It occurs in southern Swaziland and South Africa.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus inhabits savanna grasslands and semi-desert areas. It lives in burrows and in fissures in the soil.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy ( 英語 )

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The lifespan of M. albicaudatus is not known in the wild, but it is approximately six years in captivity.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
6 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
6.0 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
6.0 years.

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology ( 英語 )

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The fur color of M. albicaudatus is buffy-grey with speckles of black. Both the tail and the underside are white. Mystromys albicaudatus has large eyes. It does not have cheek pouches, as many of its relatives do. It has four toes on the forefeet and five on the hind feet. The female has two pairs of nipples, also called inguinal mammae. Mystromys albicaudatus is endothermic and bilaterally symmetric. The approximate length of the head and body is 14 to 18 centimeters for both sexes. The tail is approximately 5 to 8 centimeters. Sexual dimorphism is exhibited in this species in the form of weight difference. The average weight is 96 grams for males, and 78 grams for females.

Average mass: 87 g.

Average length: 22.5 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 106 g.

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.707 W.

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Associations ( 英語 )

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The main predator of M. albicaudatus is the barn owl. Humans also cause population declines by habitat modification.

Known Predators:

  • barn owls (Tyto alba)
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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction ( 英語 )

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The mating system of M. albicaudatus consists of monogamous pairs. The number of males and females is approximately equal, which is expected in species that are monogamous. Mystromys albicaudatus seems to breed year round.

Mating System: monogamous

Births occur year round. The gestation period is usually about 37 days. Mystromys albicaudatus can produce many litters per year. Each litter consists of between two and five young, with a mean of 2.9 young per litter. The age of sexual maturity is not known, but the youngest age a female can produce a litter is 146 days. Lactation typically takes 38 days. During the first three weeks of lactation, the young remain continuously attached to the mother’s nipples. When there are five young, the mother periodically detaches one of the offspring so that the remaining one can feed as well.

Breeding interval: Mystromys albicaudatus breeds approximately every 10 weeks.

Breeding season: Mystromys albicaudatus seems to breed year round.

Range number of offspring: 2 to 5.

Average number of offspring: 2.9.

Average gestation period: 37 days.

Average weaning age: 38 days.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 146 (low) days.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 6.5 g.

Average gestation period: 38 days.

Average number of offspring: 3.

Both the male and the female care for the young. The female bears most of the burden though, as she not only lactates, but must drag the young around wherever she goes, as they remain attached almost constantly to her nipples for the first three weeks. The female aids in protection mainly by covering the young. The male is much more aggressive and attacks and bites intruders. In M. albicaudatus, only the female grooms the young. The young are born almost completely hairless. The eyes open on average between 16 and 20 days after birth. The incisors often begin to erupt between 3 and 5 days after birth. It takes about 38 days for the offspring to be fully weaned, though information on when the offspring are fully mature is not provided.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Maani, N. 2004. "Mystromys albicaudatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mystromys_albicaudatus.html
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Nima Maani, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Matthew Wund, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

Mystromys albicaudatus és una espècie de rosegador miomorf de la família Nesomyidae, pròpia d'Àfrica meridional. És l'únic membre tàxon vivent de la subfamília dels mistromins. Aquesta espècie havia estat situada en la subfamília Cricetinae, a causa de la seva similar aparença amb els hàmsters, però estudis de filogènia molecular han confirmat que aquests dos grups no estan estretament relacionats; també la hi ha classificat en la família Muridae.

Referències

  • IUCN. 2006. assessors: Coetzee i Monadjem. 2004. aneu: 14262. Mystromys albicaudatus. 6 maig 2006.
  • Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, London.
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
  • Steppan, S. J.; Adkins, R. A.; Anderson, J. «Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes» (en anglès). Systematic Biology, 53, 2004, pàg. 533-553. (Filogènia i dates divergents estimades de radiacions ràpides en rosegadors Muroidea basats en gens nuclears múltiples)
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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

Mystromys albicaudatus és una espècie de rosegador miomorf de la família Nesomyidae, pròpia d'Àfrica meridional. És l'únic membre tàxon vivent de la subfamília dels mistromins. Aquesta espècie havia estat situada en la subfamília Cricetinae, a causa de la seva similar aparença amb els hàmsters, però estudis de filogènia molecular han confirmat que aquests dos grups no estan estretament relacionats; també la hi ha classificat en la família Muridae.

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Afrikanischer Hamster ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Der Afrikanische Hamster (Mystromys albicaudatus) ist eine Art der Nagetiere, die trotz ihres Namens nicht den Hamstern zugeordnet wird. Ein anderer Name für das Tier ist Weißschwanzratte, und tatsächlich ist es eher ratten- als hamsterartig.

Afrikanische Hamster leben nur in Südafrika und Lesotho. Sie haben eine Kopfrumpflänge von 15 cm, hinzu kommen 7 cm Schwanz. Das Fell ist oberseits graubraun und unterseits weiß. Das Habitat sind Grassavannen und Halbwüsten. Tagsüber versteckt sich der Afrikanische Hamster in Spalten oder in Bauen anderer Tiere und kommt nachts hervor, um Samen und andere Pflanzenteile zu suchen.

Da der natürliche Lebensraum des Afrikanischen Hamsters zunehmend durch Weideland ersetzt wird, wurde während der letzten Jahrzehnte ein Bestandsrückgang um 80 % verzeichnet. Seit 2003 führt die IUCN die Art daher im Status "bedroht".

Man kennt einige fossile Verwandte aus dem Pliozän und Pleistozän Südafrikas und nimmt heute an, dass der Afrikanische Hamster mit den Hamstern nicht näher verwandt ist, sondern als entfernter Verwandter anderer rein afrikanischer Taxa in die neu aufgestellte Familie der Nesomyidae gehört. In den meisten Systematiken wird er in einer eigenen Unterfamilie Mystromyinae geführt.

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 2 Bände. 6. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD u. a. 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

Weblinks

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Afrikanischer Hamster: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Der Afrikanische Hamster (Mystromys albicaudatus) ist eine Art der Nagetiere, die trotz ihres Namens nicht den Hamstern zugeordnet wird. Ein anderer Name für das Tier ist Weißschwanzratte, und tatsächlich ist es eher ratten- als hamsterartig.

Afrikanische Hamster leben nur in Südafrika und Lesotho. Sie haben eine Kopfrumpflänge von 15 cm, hinzu kommen 7 cm Schwanz. Das Fell ist oberseits graubraun und unterseits weiß. Das Habitat sind Grassavannen und Halbwüsten. Tagsüber versteckt sich der Afrikanische Hamster in Spalten oder in Bauen anderer Tiere und kommt nachts hervor, um Samen und andere Pflanzenteile zu suchen.

Da der natürliche Lebensraum des Afrikanischen Hamsters zunehmend durch Weideland ersetzt wird, wurde während der letzten Jahrzehnte ein Bestandsrückgang um 80 % verzeichnet. Seit 2003 führt die IUCN die Art daher im Status "bedroht".

Man kennt einige fossile Verwandte aus dem Pliozän und Pleistozän Südafrikas und nimmt heute an, dass der Afrikanische Hamster mit den Hamstern nicht näher verwandt ist, sondern als entfernter Verwandter anderer rein afrikanischer Taxa in die neu aufgestellte Familie der Nesomyidae gehört. In den meisten Systematiken wird er in einer eigenen Unterfamilie Mystromyinae geführt.

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White-tailed rat ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus) also known as the white-tailed mouse, is the only member of the subfamily Mystromyinae in the family Nesomyidae. This species is sometimes placed in the subfamily Cricetinae due to similarities in appearance between the white-tailed rat and hamsters, but molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that the two groups are not closely related. The subfamily Mystromyinae is sometimes placed within the family Muridae along with all other subfamilies of muroids.[2]

The white-tailed rat is restricted to shrubby areas and grasslands of South Africa and Lesotho. This is an uncommon species, and populations are thought to be declining because of conversion of scrubland to pasture. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being an "endangered species".[1]

Description

The white-tailed rat is a fairly large species with a head-and-body length of 163 mm (6.4 in) for males and 144 mm (5.7 in) for females, with a short tail of about 60 mm (2.4 in). The fur is soft, woolly and dense. The head is broad, and the face is mostly grey, with pale spots above the eye and behind the ear in some individuals. The whiskers are long and the ear is rounded and dark-coloured. The upper parts of head and body are greyish-brown flecked with buff; each hair has a grey base and shaft, and a buff or blackish tip. The underparts are whitish-grey, each individual hair having a grey base and shaft and a cream or whitish tip. The tail is colourless and is clad in short white fur. The fore feet have four digits and the hind feet five. The upper surfaces of the fore feet have white hair, as do the sides and upper surfaces of the hind feet.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The white-tailed rat is endemic to South Africa and Lesotho where it is found in grasslands and shrubby areas. It tends to inhabit burrows of meerkats and cracks in the soil during the day and venture out at night. It eats vegetable matter such as seeds and has been known to take insects. The stomach has a ruminant-like digestive action and there are bacteria in the hind gut that ferment the food. Unlike hamsters, white-tailed rats do not have cheek pouches.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Coetzee, N.; Monadjem, A. (2008). "Mystromys albicaudatus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.2. 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14262A4428195.en.
  2. ^ Steppan, S.; Adkins, R.; Anderson, J. (2004). "Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
  3. ^ a b Jonathan Kingdon; David Happold; Thomas Butynski; Michael Hoffmann; Meredith Happold; Jan Kalina (2013). Mammals of Africa. A&C Black. pp. 201–203. ISBN 978-1-4081-8996-2.
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
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White-tailed rat: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The white-tailed rat (Mystromys albicaudatus) also known as the white-tailed mouse, is the only member of the subfamily Mystromyinae in the family Nesomyidae. This species is sometimes placed in the subfamily Cricetinae due to similarities in appearance between the white-tailed rat and hamsters, but molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that the two groups are not closely related. The subfamily Mystromyinae is sometimes placed within the family Muridae along with all other subfamilies of muroids.

The white-tailed rat is restricted to shrubby areas and grasslands of South Africa and Lesotho. This is an uncommon species, and populations are thought to be declining because of conversion of scrubland to pasture. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as being an "endangered species".

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

La rata coliblanca (Mystromys albicaudatus) es una especie de roedor miomorfo de la familia Nesomyidae, propia de África meridional. Es el único miembro de la subfamilia Mystromyinae. Esta especie había sido ubicada en la subfamilia Cricetinae, debido a su similar apariencia con los hamsters, pero estudios de filogenia molecular han confirmado que estos dos grupos no están estrechamente relacionados; también se la ha clasificado en la familia Muridae.[cita requerida]

Historia natural

Esta rata está restringida a sabanas y pastizales de Sudáfrica y Lesoto. Tienden a habitar túneles de Suricata suricatta y grietas del suelo durante el día y salen de noche. Comen materia vegetal, como semillas y se sabe que también insectos. Al contrario de los hamsters, estas ratas no tienen grandes carrillos.

Referencias

  1. Coetzee, N. y Monadjem, A. (2008). «Mystromys albicaudatus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2011.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 18 de marzo de 2012.
  • Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, Londres.
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. Mamíferos de Walker del Mundo, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Londres.
  • Steppan, S. J., R. A. Adkins, J. Anderson. 2004. Filogenia y fechas divergentes estimadas de radiaciones rápidas en roedores Muroidea basados en genes nucleares múltiples. Systematic Biology, 53:533-553.
  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. Pp. 894-1531 in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

La rata coliblanca (Mystromys albicaudatus) es una especie de roedor miomorfo de la familia Nesomyidae, propia de África meridional. Es el único miembro de la subfamilia Mystromyinae. Esta especie había sido ubicada en la subfamilia Cricetinae, debido a su similar apariencia con los hamsters, pero estudios de filogenia molecular han confirmado que estos dos grupos no están estrechamente relacionados; también se la ha clasificado en la familia Muridae.[cita requerida]

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Mystromys albicaudatus Mystromys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Mystromyinae azpifamilia eta Nesomyidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. A. Smith (1834) Nesomyidae S Afr. Quart. J. 148. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

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Mystromys albicaudatus Mystromys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Mystromyinae azpifamilia eta Nesomyidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Mystromys albicaudatus est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Nesomyidae. C'est l'unique représentante du genre Mystromys et de la sous-famille des Mystromyinae.

Répartition

Cette espèce est présente en Afrique du Sud et au Lesotho[1].

Références

  1. (en) Référence UICN : espèce Mystromys albicaudatus (A. Smith, 1834) (consulté le 2 septembre 2020)

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Mystromys albicaudatus est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Nesomyidae. C'est l'unique représentante du genre Mystromys et de la sous-famille des Mystromyinae.

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Il criceto dalla coda bianca (Mystromys albicaudatus Smith, 1834) è un roditore della famiglia dei Nesomiidi, unica specie del genere Mystromys (Wagner, 1841) e della sottofamiglia Mystromyinae, diffuso nell'Africa meridionale.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Roditore di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 105 e 184 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 50 e 97 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 24 e 30 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 20 e 28 mm e un peso fino a 113 g.[3]

Caratteristiche craniche e dentarie

Il cranio presenta una scatola cranica corta, le placche zigomatiche con il margine anteriore dritto e i fori palatali molto lunghi. La bolla timpanica è leggermente rigonfia, mentre il foro infra-orbitale è di forma ovale. Il processo coronoide della mandibola è allungato. Gli incisivi sono ortodonti ed attraversati da due lievi creste longitudinali, i molari hanno una disposizione a coppia delle cuspidi piuttosto semplice.

Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:

3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 Totale: 16 1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari;

Aspetto

Il corpo è tozzo ed è ricoperto di una pelliccia lunga, soffice, densa e lanosa. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-grigiastre con dei leggeri riflessi giallo-brunastri e la base dei peli grigia, mentre le parti ventrali sono bianco-grigiastre, più scure alla base. La testa è grande e larga ed è interamente grigia, tranne in qualche individuo dove sono presenti delle macchioline biancastre sopra ogni occhio e dietro ogni orecchio. I lati del muso e il labbro superiore è grigio o bianco, gli occhi sono relativamente grandi, mentre le vibrisse sono lunghe. Le orecchie sono grandi, scure, rivestite di peli marroni scuri e giallo-brunastri. Gli arti sono brevi ed interamente bianchi. Le zampe anteriori hanno quattro dita, quelle posteriori cinque e il loro dorso è ricoperto di peli biancastri, La pianta dei piedi è priva di peli. Tutte le dita sono munite di un artiglio affilato. La coda è corta meno della metà della lunghezza della testa e del corpo, non è colorata ed è densamente ricoperta di corti peli biancastri. Le femmine hanno due paia di mammelle inguinali.

Biologia

Comportamento

È una specie terricola e notturna, attiva particolarmente durante le piogge e poco sociale. Trascorre la giornata in buche o fratture del terreno o in sistemi di cunicoli con due entrate distanti tra loro 1,5-2 m. Possiede un metabolismo elevato ed una regolazione termica simile a quella mammiferi adattati ad ambienti freddi. Durante l'inverno non entra in letargo.

Alimentazione

Possiede caratteristiche fisiologiche particolari, come una digestione simile a quella dei ruminanti, con una complessa microflora e la produzione di acidi gastrici attraverso la fermentazione di piante ricche di polisaccaridi nello stomaco. Ciò permette di nutrirsi di vegetali con difese chimiche non utilizzabili da altri animali.

Riproduzione

Si riproduce in qualsiasi periodo dell'anno. Femmine gravide sono state osservate in gennaio, giugno e luglio. Danno alla luce 1-6 piccoli dopo una gestazione di 37 giorni. Alla nascita pesano 6,5 g ed aprono gli occhi dopo 16-20 giorni di vita. Vengono svezzati dopo 38 giorni. Le femmine raggiungono la maturità sessuale dopo 6 mesi. L'aspettativa di vita in cattività è di circa 6 anni.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa nel Lesotho e nelle province sudafricane del Capo Orientale, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Capo Settentrionale, Nordovest e del Capo Occidentale.

Vive in arbusteti e prati dove è presente terreno argilloso con una buona copertura erbosa.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato che il suo areale si è ridotto del 51-80% negli ultimi 40 anni e oltre la metà è minacciata dall'agricoltura nei prossimi 10 anni, classifica M.albicaudatus come specie in pericolo (EN).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Coetzee, N. & Monadjem, A. 2008, Mystromys albicaudatus, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mystromys albicaudatus, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Happold, 2013.

Bibliografia

  • J.D.Skinner & Christian T.Chimimba, the Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 9780521844185.
  • David C.D.Happold, Mammals of Africa. Volume III-Rodents, Hares and Rabbits, Bloomsbury, 2013. ISBN 9781408122532

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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Il criceto dalla coda bianca (Mystromys albicaudatus Smith, 1834) è un roditore della famiglia dei Nesomiidi, unica specie del genere Mystromys (Wagner, 1841) e della sottofamiglia Mystromyinae, diffuso nell'Africa meridionale.

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Witstaarthamster ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

De witstaarthamster (Mystromys albicaudatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Nesomyidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door A. Smith in 1834.

Kenmerken

Zoals de naam al zegt, heeft dit dier een witte staart. Het dier heeft echter geen wangzakken.

Leefwijze

Het voedsel bestaat hoofdzakelijk uit groenvoer.


Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
04-08-2012
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Witstaarthamster: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

De witstaarthamster (Mystromys albicaudatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Nesomyidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door A. Smith in 1834.

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Kaplandka białoogonowa ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Kaplandka białoogonowa[3] (Mystromys albicaudatus) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny malgaszomyszowatych[4].

Średnie wymiary

  • Długość ciała: 14-18 cm
  • Długość ogona: 5-8 cm

Występowanie

Występuje na terenach trawiastych i na jałowych, suchych ziemiach w południowej Afryce.

Tryb życia

Kaplandka białoogonowa jest jedynym madagoszczurem żyjącym poza Madagaskarem. Prowadzi nocny tryb życia, a dzień spędza skryty w norze, którą opuszcza dopiero po zapadnięciu ciemności. Żywi się nasionami i innym pokarmem pochodzenia roślinnego. Jego ostry zapach prawdopodobnie powstrzymuje drobne drapieżniki, takie jak surykatki czy mangusty, od atakowania go, wiadomo jednak, że polują na niego sowy, a być może także inne ptaki drapieżne.

Rozmnażanie

Kaplandka białoogonowa rozmnaża się zapewne przez cały rok. W miocie rodzi się zwykle od 4 do 5 młodych. Szczególną cechą tego gatunku jest tak silne przysysanie się noworodków do sutków matki, że ta może w ten sposób nosić młode ze sobą. Puszczają je dopiero po ukończeniu 3 tygodnia życia.

Przypisy

  1. Mystromys albicaudatus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Mystromys albicaudatus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Mystromys albicaudatus. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 9 lipca 2013]
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Kaplandka białoogonowa: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Kaplandka białoogonowa (Mystromys albicaudatus) – gatunek gryzonia z rodziny malgaszomyszowatych.

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Mystromys albicaudatus é uma espécie de roedor da família Nesomyidae.

Pode ser encontrada no Lesoto e na África do Sul.

Referências

  • MUSSER, G. G.; CARLETON, M. D. Superfamily Muroidea. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 2, p. 894-1531.
  • COETZEE, N.; MONADJEM, A. 2008. Mystromys albicaudatus. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 20 de novembro de 2008.
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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Mystromys albicaudatus é uma espécie de roedor da família Nesomyidae.

Pode ser encontrada no Lesoto e na África do Sul.

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Vitsvansad råtta ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Vitsvansad råtta (Mystromys albicaudatus) är ett däggdjur i familjen Nesomyidae som tillhör underordningen råttartade gnagare. Artens närmaste släktingar levde under pliocen och pleistocen i södra Afrika och är numera utdöda. Därför räknas vitsvansad råtta vanligen i en egen underfamilj, Mystromyinae.[2]

Utseende

Djuret når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) mellan 10 och 18 cm, en svanslängd mellan 5 och 10 cm och en vikt av 75 till 110 gram. Pälsen på ovansidan är brun till grå och håren har svarta spetsar. På sidorna saknas ofta den svarta färgen och vid buken är individerna vitaktiga. Även extremiteterna och de korta styva håren på svansen är vita. Arten kännetecknas av stora öron och den saknar i motsats till flera andra medlemmar av familjen Nesomyidae kindpåsar. Tårnas klor är vanligen gömda under pälsen.[3] Unga exemplar har nästan inga hår på svansen och det antas att den används för att justera kroppstemperaturen.[4]

Utbredning och habitat

Vitsvansad råtta förekommer i två från varandra skilda områden i Sydafrika och Lesotho. Habitatet utgörs av sandiga gräs- och buskmarker utan större berg.[1][3]

Ekologi

Arten lever i underjordiska bon som den ibland övertar av surikater. Individerna är aktiva på natten, främst under regntiden. Födan utgörs av frön och andra växtdelar samt av insekter.[3]

Honor kan para sig hela året och har upp till två kullar per år.[1] Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 36 dagar födds i genomsnitt tre ungar. Ungarna dias ungefär tre veckor. Med människans vård kan den vitsvansade råttan leva sex år.[3] Nyfödda ungar är blinda och döva samt nästan nakna med undantag av några morrhår och andra korta styva hår kring munnen. Deras öron öppnas efter cirka 4 dagar, de får framtänder efter 3 till 7 dagar och ögonen öppnas efter 16 till 20 dagar. Honan har två par spenar vid ljumsken men ibland föds fem ungar. I så fall använder olika ungar samma spene. Unga honor kan para sig 146 dagar efter födelsen eller senare.[4]

Taxonomi

Arten liknar en hamster i utseende och levnadssättet. Därför listades den tidigare i underfamiljen Cricetinae. Vitsvansad råtta saknar däremot kindpåsar och den har strukturer på de nedre framtänderna som saknas hos hamstrar. Dessutom har honornas spenar en avvikande form. Därför flyttades arten av Vorontsov 1966 till underfamiljen Mystromyinae som enda medlem. Senare forskning visade att den ingår i familjen Nesomyidae. Enligt en genetisk studie från 1999 utgörs artens närmaste nu levande släktingar av afrikanska klippmöss (Petromyscus). Liksom Petromyscus har den vitsvansade råttan en förlängd centrisk tagg i hörselgångens benvägg.[5]

Status

Arten hotas främst av habitatförstörelse när savannen omvandlas till jordbruksmark. Enligt IUCN förlorade djuret cirka 50 procent av sitt utbredningsområde under de senaste 40 åren. Vitsvansad råtta listas därför som starkt hotad (EN).[1]

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d] Coetzee, N. & Monadjem, A. 2011 Mystromys albicaudatus Från: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 22 september 2012.
  2. ^ Wilson & Reeder, red (2005). ”Mystromyinae” (på engelska). Mammal Species of the World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
  3. ^ [a b c d] Nowak, R. M. (1999) sid.1425/26
  4. ^ [a b] Skinner & Chimimba (2005). Mystromys albicaudatus. The Mammals of the Southern African Sub-region. Cambridge University Press. sid. 191
  5. ^ Kingdon, Jonathan (2013). ”Mystromyinae” (på engelska). Mammals of Africa. "4". A & C Black. sid. 201-203. ISBN 9781408122549

Tryckta källor

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0801857899

Externa länkar

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Vitsvansad råtta: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Vitsvansad råtta (Mystromys albicaudatus) är ett däggdjur i familjen Nesomyidae som tillhör underordningen råttartade gnagare. Artens närmaste släktingar levde under pliocen och pleistocen i södra Afrika och är numera utdöda. Därför räknas vitsvansad råtta vanligen i en egen underfamilj, Mystromyinae.

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Mystromys albicaudatus — вид Гризунів родини Незомієві (Nesomyidae). Раніше вид включали у родину Хом'якові (Cricetidae) через схожість цього виду з хом'яками. Проте останні молекулярні дослідження підтвердили, що ці дві групи не мають тісного зв'язку.

Mystromys albicaudatus мешкає у саванах Південно-Африканської Республіки та Свазіленду. Вдень гризун ховається у норах та тріщинах і виходить назовні вночі. Він живиться зеленими рослинами, насінням, інколи поїдає комах.

Посилання

  • Kingdon, J. 1997. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press Limited, London.
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.


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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Mystromys albicaudatus — вид Гризунів родини Незомієві (Nesomyidae). Раніше вид включали у родину Хом'якові (Cricetidae) через схожість цього виду з хом'яками. Проте останні молекулярні дослідження підтвердили, що ці дві групи не мають тісного зв'язку.

Mystromys albicaudatus мешкає у саванах Південно-Африканської Республіки та Свазіленду. Вдень гризун ховається у норах та тріщинах і виходить назовні вночі. Він живиться зеленими рослинами, насінням, інколи поїдає комах.

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Mystromys albicaudatus ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Mystromys albicaudatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Nesomyidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được A. Smith mô tả năm 1834.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Coetzee & Monadjem (2004). Mystromys albicaudatus. Sách đỏ 2006. IUCN 2006. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is endangered
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Mystromys albicaudatus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về một loài thuộc bộ Gặm nhấm này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Mystromys albicaudatus: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Mystromys albicaudatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Nesomyidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được A. Smith mô tả năm 1834.

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馬島白尾鼠亞科 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
二名法 Mystromys albicaudatus
(Smith, 1834)

馬島白尾鼠亞科Mystromyinae),哺乳綱囓齒目馬島鼠科的一亞科,而與馬島白尾鼠亞科同科的動物尚有短足鼠屬(短足鼠)、鼢鼠屬(中華鼢鼠)等之數種哺乳動物

參考文獻

  • 中國科學院,《中國科學院動物研究所的世界動物名稱資料庫》,[1]
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馬島白尾鼠亞科: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

馬島白尾鼠亞科(Mystromyinae),哺乳綱囓齒目馬島鼠科的一亞科,而與馬島白尾鼠亞科同科的動物尚有短足鼠屬(短足鼠)、鼢鼠屬(中華鼢鼠)等之數種哺乳動物

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흰꼬리쥐 ( 韓語 )

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흰꼬리쥐(Mystromys brooksi)는 붉은숲쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 흰꼬리쥐속(Mystromys)의 유일종이다. 흰꼬리쥐와 햄스터 사이의 겉모습의 유사성 때문에 한때 비단털쥐아과로 분류하기도 했지만, 분자계통분류학 연구를 통해, 두 분류군 사이에 근연 관계가 없음이 확인되었다. 흰꼬리아과는 쥐상과에 속하는 다른 모든 아과 분류와 함께 쥐과로 분류하기도 한다.[3] 흰꼬리쥐는 남아프리카공화국레소토의 관목 지대와 초원에 제한적으로 분포한다. 흔하지 않은 종이며, 관목 지대가 목초지로 전환되기 때문에 개체수가 감소하는 것으로 간주되고 있다. 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)이 "멸종위기종"으로 등재하고 있다.[1]

각주

  1. Coetzee, N.; Monadjem, A. Mystromys albicaudatus. 《The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species》. 2016.2 (IUCN) 2008. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14262A4428195.en. 2016년 11월 10일에 확인함.
  2. Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  3. Steppan, S.; Adkins, R.; Anderson, J. (2004). “Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes”. 《Systematic Biology》 53 (4): 533–553. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. PMID 15371245.
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