Topography and soils: California palm occurs at elevations below 3,500
feet (1,067 m) [
24]. It serves as an indicator species, denoting
sources of year-round surface water in desert [
22,
33]; it is found near
seeps, springs, and streams [
33]. It also occurs in canyons where water
is channeled from nearby mountains, in alluvial fan edges where
groundwater is trapped by bedrock, and where water percolates through
rock fractures caused by earthquake faulting [
32]. Soils are generally
undeveloped and low in organic matter except in densely vegetated oases.
Hillside oases soils consist of lacustrine sediments of mud and rock,
while wash oases soils also contain sand. Seep oases have fine,
flocculent soils and are frequently covered by a thin crust of salts,
which tends to minimize soil erosion. If such soils are thickly
crusted, undergrowth is sparse or absent. Most soils supporting
California palm are high in pH (average pH 9.2) [
40]. Soils in its root
zone, however, are generally less alkaline than topsoils [
33].
Climate: California palm grows in a semiarid climate. Temperatures are
typically hot in summer (average 107 degrees Fahrenheit [42 deg C]) and
below freezing in winter. Temperature extremes recorded near one
Colorado Desert oasis are 13 and 125 degrees Fahrenheit (-17 and 52 deg
C). Oases temperatures are generally more moderate than the open
desert, being cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Average annual
precipitation ranges from 3 inches (8 cm) at the lowest to 8 inches (20
cm) at the highest elevations of California palm's range. Most
precipitation falls from December to March, but locally beneficial rains
occur from July through September. Lightning is common during such
storms [
40].
Plant associates: Overstory associates not listed under Distribution
and Occurrence include Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii),
saltcedar, paloverde (Cercidium floridum), and California sycamore
(Plantus racemosa) [
7,
30,
40]. Understory associates include cattail
(Typha spp.), reed (Phragmites australis), cane (Arundinaria spp.),
Olney bulrush (Scirpus olneyi), Torrey seepweed (Suaeda torreyana),
desert willow (Salix gooddingii), arrowweed (Pluchea sericea), saltgrass
(Distichlis spp), mesquite, alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides), alkali
goldenbush (Haplopappus acradenius), desert holly (Atriplex
hymenelytra), and allscale saltbush (A. polycarpa) [
1,
7,
24,
30,
40].