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Aerangis fastuosa (Rchb. fil.) Schltr.

Aerangis fastuosa ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Aerangis fastuosa, commonly known as the 'magnificent Aerangis', is a species of epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar.[1][2] It is widespread across Madagascar, stretching from the eastern coastal forests across to the south and along the central plateau. Aerangis fastuosa belongs to the family Orchidaceae, subtribe Aerangidinae.

It was formally named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1914, but was first described by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1881, as Angraecum fastuosum. Henri Pierre de la Bathie once attempted to have Aerangis fastuosum split into several varieties, but these were not accepted.[3] Instead, Aerangis fastuosa is thought to have a highly variable morphology, and is known for its large, white, long-lasting, star-shaped, fragrant flowers. It has a very long rostellum, which is distinctive of its genus Aerangis. It can flower every year, even under low light, and is thought to be less prone to disease than other orchids, making it a highly sought out orchid species for cultivation.

Aerangis fastuosa has been listed under CITES Appendix II.

Description

Areangis fastuosa is a highly variable in is morphology.[3] It is a small plant, with its woody stem able to grow up to 60mm,[4] but in some instances it can appear to be almost stemless.[5] The roots are fine and numerous,[4] and may have dark spots or banding.[4][5]

Its leaves are thick [5] and succulent,[3] and are usually oblong.[6][7] They are usually dark green [4] but can have a grey to almost red tint, which is thought to be caused when an individual is growing in an environment with high light intensity.[5] There are usually 4–6 leaves present on one plant.[5] The top surface of the leaves can be wrinkled and rough,[4] but this is not true amongst all individuals.[6] Leaves are generally 75mm in length,[6] but can range 15 - 80mm,[6][4] and around 20 - 40mm in width.[5] The surface of the leaf can also range from glossy to dull.[5] Some individuals have also been found to have leaves with two lobes (bilobed), and a red spot on each lobe.[6]

The pedicel is typically 20mm long[5] and can be winged.[6] The spur is thin and straight[6][7] but can be coiled.[4] The spur is usually twice the length of the pedicel[6] but can be up to five times the length of the pedicel.[7] The spur can have a brown colour[7] to it and has also been sometimes found to have a green tip.[5] The bracts are hooded and are usually around one quarter of the length of the pedicel, although some individuals have been found that have bracts one third or even half the length of the pedicel.[6]

Flowers are relatively large[3] compared to the small stature of Aerangis fastuosa.[8] They can have between one and six flowers,[8][6] spaced approximately 10mm apart.[9] Sometimes individual flowers may have been aborted.[6] Flowers are white in colour[7] and are usually a star-like shape or trumpet-shaped.[5] Often the flowers look slightly closed, with the petals and sepals sticking out but not spreading far.[7] The peduncle is usually thick, being around 5mm in diameter.[5]

Like all orchids, Aerangis fastuosa has an outer whorl composed of three sepals and an inner whorl composed of three petals, one of which has been modified into a lip. The dorsal sepal (upper sepal) is usually ovate (egg shaped) with the base being thicker than the tip, but width can be more equal across the length of the dorsal sepal. The dorsal sepal can range in size being 15 – 30mm x 5 – 8mm. The lateral sepals (bottom left and right sepals) can be a more lanceolate shape where the tip is much thinner than the base (spear shaped) and have a size range of around 17 – 34mm x 5 – 7mm.[4]

The petals and sepals are rather similar in size and shape.[5] At around 25mm in length, the petals are narrow and elongated, in an oblong shape.[7][6] The lip can have a variable shape (usually ovate or lanceolate[7][4]) but is usually wider than the petals,[7] with the size ranging 15 – 25mm x 4.5 – 11mm.[6]

The rostellum is distinctively elongated[5] and can even reach and penetrate the spur.[6] The length of the rostellum has been measured to range between 5 – 13mm.[4] The column is short[6] and generally thick.[4] The anther can be doubly toothed at the top or can have a pointed horn which is either a thick or thin point.[6] The ovaries are typically 15 – 25mm in length.[4]

Etymology

The species was first formally named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1914,[7] after being transferred from the genus Angraecum to the genus Aerangis.[4]

The name ‘Aerangis’ comes from the Greek ‘Aer’, meaning ‘air’, and ‘angos’, meaning ‘urn’, which is thought to refer to the shape of the nectar-producing spur at the base of the lip which is distinctive of the genus.[9] The name ‘fastuosa’ means ‘proud’ or ‘haughty’ in Latin[4] and is thought to refer to the small and attractive flowering habit of the species.[5]

The common name for Aerangis fastuosa is the Magnificent Aerangis.[8]

Habitat and ecology

The plant is a slow growing,[5] epiphyte of twigs and small branches.[8][3] It can be found living in coastal forests [3] and humid evergreen forests.[8] They have also been reported living in sclerophyllous forests (where the vegetation is adapted to surviving hot, dry seasons),[3] which seems unusual due to their need for a high humidity.[5] The plant can tolerate low light levels [4] but horticulturists have noted that they can also tolerate and seem to benefit from higher light levels.[5] The plant does not generally tolerate cold climates and prefers warm intermediate conditions.[10]

The flowers bloom every year in spring (September – February[8][3][7] in the Southern Hemisphere, or March – April in the Northern Hemisphere[10]), and can do so for many years.[5][10] The flowers are fragrant at night,[8] with the smell resembling tuberoses,[5] and can persist on the plant for over 3 weeks.[5]

Aerangis fastuosa belong to a group of orchids that are less prone to disease and pests than other orchids.[9] If kept at the right conditions (i.e. sufficient air movement and a humid atmosphere[8][9]) pests and disease can be kept at bay. If the plant finds itself to be too dry or have insufficient air movement it may be prone to red spider and fungal infections. The root tips are exposed and so may be more vulnerable to slugs and snails.[9]

Distribution

At least 21 Aerangis species are endemic to Madagascar, including Aerangis fastuosa[3][7] with the other Aerangis species distributed in tropical Africa, Ceylon and the Comoros.[6]

Aerangis fastuosa is widespread across the island and has been found between the east coastal plain and the central plateau (highlands). The provinces in which Aerangis fastuosa has been documented include Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina and Toliara.[3]

Aerangis fastuosa has an altitudinal range of around 900m – 1500m,[8][3] although other sources suggest its range is wider being around 100m – 1500m.[4]

Taxonomy and systematics

As an orchid, Aerangis fastuosa belongs in the family Orchidaceae.[11] Aerangis fastuosa is one on the approximately 330 species[9] that sit within the subtribe Aerangidinae, which is one of the three subtribes within the tribe Vandeae of the Epidendroideae subfamily.[12] Aerangis is the type genus of the subtribe Aerangidinae and there are at least 58 Aerangis species.[13] The genus Aerangis was proposed by H.G. Reichenbach in 1865 and is recognised by species having a straight, elongated rostellum and with most species having star-shaped flowers.[10]

Many Aerangis species, including Aerangis fastuosa, were incorrectly placed within the Angraecum genus. Aerangis fastuosa was moved from Angraecum in 1914 by Schlechter.[4]

Genetic studies have shown that Aerangis and Angraecum are separate genera as evidenced by the species within these genera have differing chromosome counts (Aerangis, n = 25; Angraecum, n = 19).[10] This division of genera by chromosome count is supported by the differing morphologies, with Aerangis, and other n = 25 genera, having an elongated rostellum and Angraecum, and other n = 19 genera, having a shorter rostellum and a deeply divided column.[9]

Although it is now known that Aerangidinae and the Angraecinae are separate subfamilies, historically they were considered together and so are sometimes referred to collectively as the ‘angraecoids’.[9]

The morphology of Aerangis fastuosa is highly variable, but it is not necessarily difficult to identify. It is characterised by its large flowers on a small plant with rounded leaves and the signature long rostellum.[3]

Varieties

Perrier de la Bathie described six varieties[6] of Aerangis fastuosa which have not been recognised:[13]

  • Aerangis fastuosa var. grandideri v.n.
  • Aerangis fastuosa var. francoisii v.n.
  • Aerangis fastuosa var. vondrozensis v.n.
  • Aerangis fastuosa var. rotundifoloia v.n.
  • Aerangis fastuosa var. angustifolia
  • Aerangis fastuosa var. marculate

Synonyms

Aerangis fastuosa has three synonyms:[1]

  • Angraecum fastuosum Rchb.f. (1881) (basionym)
  • Angorkis fastuosa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze (1891)
  • Rhaphidorhynchus fastuosus (Rchb.f.) Finet (1907)

The type specimen for ‘'Aerangis fastuosa var. grandideri'’ was also the type specimen for Rhaphidorhynchus fastuosus.[6]

Cultivation

Aerangis fastuosa is a well-known, highly sought after Madagascan white-flowered orchid,[4][9] and are available for sale.[8] It grows well in pots [5] or can be mounted. If mounted it is necessary to spray with water daily, otherwise they will often decline quickly.[4][5] Warm intermediate conditions are preferred (15.5 – 18 °C),[10] and they are suitable for growing on windowsills.[10]

Hybrids

Aerangis species are known for being particularly resistant to intensive hybridisation and so many do not last in cultivation. Many are only offspring of the initial cross as further crossing is not successful,[10] although there are some exceptions (see: Aerangis Zipper and Aerangis Winter Snow).

List of registered hybrids

There are 9 registered orchid hybrids which involve Aerangis fastuosa:[14]

Additional information

Aerangis fastuosa is classified as CITES Appendix II.[15]

Aerangis fastuosa has been identified as being a potential natural source of Lavandulol, which can be used as an attracting agent involved in acarid pest control.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families".
  2. ^ Reichenbach, HG (1881). Gardeners' Chronicle, new series 15: 748, Angraecum fastuosum. Vol. 15.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hermans, J; Hermans, C; Du Puy, D; Cribb, P; Bosser, J (2007). Orchids of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 9781842461334.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s La Croix, I (2014). Exquisite African Orchids to Discover, Identify & Grow: Aerangis. Timber Press. ISBN 978-1604695625.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Hillerman, FE; Holst, AW (1986). A Culture Manual for Aerangis Orchid Growers. Timber Press. ISBN 088192072X.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s De La Bathie, HP (1981). Flora of Madagascar (Vascular Plants): 49th Family - Orchids. Translated by Beckman, SD. H. Humbert. ISBN 0960943404.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Schlechter, R (1915). Die Orchideen: Ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Züchtung. Handbuch für Orchideenliebhaber, Züchter und Botaniker.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Petitjean, M; Petitjean, A (2003). Beautiful Orchids Fascinantes Orchidées du Sud Ouest de l'Océan Indien. Impression Graphoprint. ISBN 2951683928.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stewart, J; Hermans, J; Campbell, B (2006). Angraecoid Orchids: Species from the African Region. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927880.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Hillerman, FE (1990). A Culture Manual for Aerangis Orchid Growers. Albert and Bassett Printing. ISBN 9994114921.
  11. ^ "Plants of the World Online - Aerangis fastuosa". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  12. ^ Chase, MW; Cameron, KM; Freudenstein, JV; Pridgeon, AM; Salazar, G; van den Berg, C; Schuiteman, A (2015). "An Update Classification of Orchidaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 177 (2): 151–174. doi:10.1111/boj.12234.
  13. ^ a b "Plants of the World Online - Aerangis". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  14. ^ "The International Orchid Register".
  15. ^ "CITES Trade Database". Retrieved 6 June 2020.
  16. ^ US patent US20180027793A1, Mailleux, A, "Method and Device to Trap Acarids", published 2018-02-01
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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Aerangis fastuosa, commonly known as the 'magnificent Aerangis', is a species of epiphytic orchid endemic to Madagascar. It is widespread across Madagascar, stretching from the eastern coastal forests across to the south and along the central plateau. Aerangis fastuosa belongs to the family Orchidaceae, subtribe Aerangidinae.

It was formally named by Rudolf Schlechter in 1914, but was first described by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach in 1881, as Angraecum fastuosum. Henri Pierre de la Bathie once attempted to have Aerangis fastuosum split into several varieties, but these were not accepted. Instead, Aerangis fastuosa is thought to have a highly variable morphology, and is known for its large, white, long-lasting, star-shaped, fragrant flowers. It has a very long rostellum, which is distinctive of its genus Aerangis. It can flower every year, even under low light, and is thought to be less prone to disease than other orchids, making it a highly sought out orchid species for cultivation.

Aerangis fastuosa has been listed under CITES Appendix II.

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Aerangis fastuosa ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Aerangis fastuosa, es una orquídea epífita originaria de Madagascar.[1]

 src=
Aerangis fastuosa
(as Angraecum fastuosum)

Curtis' 117 (Ser. 3 no. 47) 7204 (1891)

Descripción

Es una planta pequeña de tamaño que prefiere clima caliente a fresco, de hábito epífita, con tallo muy corto con varias hojas obovadas a oblongo-cuneiformes, carnosas, bi-lobulada de manera desigual en el ápice. Las flores son grandes, de larga duración y fragantes por la noche y se producen a fines del invierno y la primavera en una corta inflorescencia de 5 cm de largo con 1 a 6 flores con grandes brácteas florales.[1]

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en Madagascar y se encuentra en la tierra de transición entre la llanura costera y la meseta central en bosques siempreverdes sobre ramitas y ramas pequeñas en alturas de 1000 a 1500 msnm.[1]

Taxonomía

Aerangis fastuosa fue descrita por (Rchb.f.) Schltr. y publicado en Die Orchideen 598. 1914.[2]

Etimología

El nombre del género Aerangis procede de las palabras griegas: aer = (aire) y angos = (urna), en referencia a la forma del labelo.

fastuosa: epíteto latino que significa "fastuosam orgullosa".[3]

Sinonimia

[4][5]

Nombre común

  • Español:la Aerangis magnífica[1]

Referencias

  1. a b c d Jay Pfahl. «Aerangis fastuosa». Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia (en inglés). Consultado el 29 de julio de 2009.
  2. «Aerangis fastuosa». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 1 de noviembre de 2012.
  3. en Epítetos Botánicos
  4. «Aerangis fastuosa». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 31 de octubre de 2012.
  5. Aerangis fastuosa en PlantList

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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Aerangis fastuosa, es una orquídea epífita originaria de Madagascar.​

 src= Aerangis fastuosa
(as Angraecum fastuosum)

Curtis' 117 (Ser. 3 no. 47) 7204 (1891)
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Aerangis fastuosa ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Aerangis fastuosa est une espèce d'orchidée épiphyte originaire de Madagascar.

Synonymes

  • Angraecum fastuosum Rchb.f. (1881) (Basionyme)
  • Angorchis fastuosa (Rchb.f.) Kuntze (1891)
  • Rhaphidorhynchus fastuosus (Rchb.f.) Finet (1907)

Distribution

Aerangis fastuosa se rencontre dans les forêts de transition de Madagascar entre les plaines côtières et le plateau central à des altitudes comprises entre 1000 et 1500 m.

Illustrations

Références

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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Aerangis fastuosa est une espèce d'orchidée épiphyte originaire de Madagascar.

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Aerangis fastuosa ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Aerangis fastuosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1914 è una pianta della famiglia delle Orchidacee, endemica del Madagascar.[1]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Aerangis fastuosa, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 22 marzo 2021.

Bibliografia

  • Cribb P. and Hermans J, Field Guide to the Orchids of Madagascar, Kew Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1-84246-158-7.

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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Aerangis fastuosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1914 è una pianta della famiglia delle Orchidacee, endemica del Madagascar.

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Aerangis fastuosa ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Aerangis fastuosa é uma espécie de orquídea monopodial epífita, família Orchidaceae,[1] que habita Madagascar.[2]

Referências

  1. Joyce Stewart et al. Angrecoid Orchids. Timber Press Eds., Portland, OR, USA (2006).
  2. R. Govaerts et al. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.«Published on the Internet» (em inglês). Consultada em 24 de dezembro 2012.

Ver também

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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Aerangis fastuosa é uma espécie de orquídea monopodial epífita, família Orchidaceae, que habita Madagascar.

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Aerangis fastuosa ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Aerangis fastuosa[1] är en orkidéart som först beskrevs av Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Rudolf Schlechter.

Aerangis fastuosa ingår i släktet Aerangis och familjen orkidéer.[2][3] Artens utbredningsområde är Madagaskar.[2] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[2]

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ Schltr., 1914 In: Orchideen : 598
  2. ^ [a b c] Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed) (26 april 2014). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/9781735. Läst 26 maj 2014.
  3. ^ WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

Externa länkar


Blue morpho butterfly 300x271.jpg Denna artikel om orkidéer saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Aerangis fastuosa är en orkidéart som först beskrevs av Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Rudolf Schlechter.

Aerangis fastuosa ingår i släktet Aerangis och familjen orkidéer. Artens utbredningsområde är Madagaskar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Aerangis fastuosa ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Aerangis fastuosa là một loài lan.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Aerangis fastuosa tại Wikimedia Commons


Bài viết liên quan đến tông lan Vandeae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Aerangis fastuosa: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Aerangis fastuosa là một loài lan.

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