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Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson ex Rothr.

Comments ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Morphologically, Dasylirion wheeleri is fairly uniform within its range in the United States, with some minor variation in fruit size and receptacle length.
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Flora of North America Vol. 26: 421, 422, 423 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( 英語 )

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Plants robust, with large crowns, to 40 cm diam.; trunks to 1.5 m, usually reclining. Leaves stout, rigid; blade whitish or bluish green, 35–100 × 2–3 cm wide above broadened base, densely waxy-glaucous, papillose, dull; prickles all antrorse. Inflorescences often massive, to 5 m; stalk 3–6 diam. at base; branches lateral, pendent in fruit, 3–10 cm; bracts wedge-shaped, attenuate; fascicles of flowers spreading, 10–20 cm from base to tip; primary axes 4–14 cm. Flowers with receptacles 0.2–0.5 mm; tepals sometimes tinged purple, 2.4 × 1–1.5 mm; style 0.2–0.3 mm, becoming swollen and golden brown in fruit; stigma lobes 0.4 mm; pedicel 3–3.5 mm in fruit. Capsules broadly obovoid or rounded in cross section, not indented, 5–8 × 4–5(–7) mm; distal wing lobes 2–2.5 mm, often indented on side. 2n = 38.
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Flora of North America Vol. 26: 421, 422, 423 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( 英語 )

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Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora).
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Flora of North America Vol. 26: 421, 422, 423 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting ( 英語 )

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Flowering mostly late May--Jun.
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Flora of North America Vol. 26: 421, 422, 423 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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Open, rocky slopes; 1200--1900m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 26: 421, 422, 423 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Common sotol occurs from western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico
[11,21]. In Arizona it occurs from the Mazatzal and Quivari mountains
in Pima County to Greenlee and Cochise counties. In New Mexico desert
spoon occurs on the Gila River and Rio Grande drainages from Socorro
County southward and eastward to the White Mountain, Lincoln County. In
Texas it occurs in the Trans-Pecos region and western parts of the
Edwards Plateau [24].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Fire Management Considerations ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Common sotol occurs in desert grasslands which are being increasingly
managed by using fire [19]. In these areas, fire is primarily used to
reverse dense scrub invasion and stimulate grass production. Control of
common sotol would vary with the conditions and type of burn [22].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Life Form ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the term: shrub

Shrub
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Phenology ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

Common sotol generally flowers in spring or early summer [8,14,21]. In
the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, initiation of flower buds began in
mid- to late May. Flowering occurred in June and July, and fruits were
mature by August [8].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Post-fire Regeneration ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Caudex, growing points in soil
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Taxonomy ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
The currently accepted scientific name of common sotol is Dasylirion
wheeleri S. Wats. [7,10,21].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1993. Dasylirion wheeleri. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
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Distribution ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Chile Central
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Dasylirion wheeleri ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Dasylirion wheeleri ist eine Pflanzenart der Gattung Dasylirion in der Familie der Spargelgewächse (Asparagaceae). Ein englischer Trivialname ist „Wheeler’s Blue Sotol“.

Beschreibung

Dasylirion wheeleri bildet einen robusten Stamm von 50 bis 150 cm Höhe. Die variablen, unregelmäßig angeordneten wachsartigen, gedrehten, bläulichen Laubblätter sind 40 bis 110 cm lang und 15 bis 25 mm breit. Die kräftigen Randdornen sind unregelmäßig nach oben gerichtet.

Der dünne, rispige Blütenstand wird 2 bis 5 m hoch. Die zahlreichen Blüten sind gelb.

Die eiförmigen Kapselfrüchte enthalten einen Samen und sind 5 bis 7 mm lang und 4 bis 5 mm breit. Die dreikantigen goldbraunen Samen sind 3 mm lang und 2,5 mm breit.

Die Blühperiode reicht von Mai bis August.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 38.[1]

Verbreitung und Systematik

Dasylirion wheeleri ist in Mexiko in den Bundesstaaten Sonora und Chihuahua sowie in den USA in Texas, Arizona und New Mexico in Höhen von 1000 bis 1800 m verbreitet. Es wächst an steinigen Hängen, in offenem Grasland und offenem Waldland vergesellschaftet mit Yucca treculiana, Agave toumeyana subsp. bella, Agave lechuguilla, Nolina microcarpa und verschiedenen Opuntia-Arten.

Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1878 durch Joseph Trimble Rothrock.[2] Ein Synonym ist Dasylirion wheeleri var. wislizeni Trel.[3]

Dasylirion wheeleri ist ein Mitglied der Sektion Glaucophyllum. Charakteristisch ist die Blattstruktur mit den typischen nach oben gerichteten unregelmäßig angeordneten kräftigen Randdornen. In den Überlappungsgebieten existieren Zwischenformen mit Dasylirion texanum.

Dasylirion wheeleri kann bei trockenem Stand kurze Frostperioden bis minus 15 °C überstehen.

Nachweise

Literatur

  • Fritz Hochstätter: The Genus Dasylirion. (Nolinaceae) part 3. In: Piante Grasse. Band 31, Nummer 4, 2011, S. 164–166.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Tropicos. [1]
  2. In: Report Upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in Charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler ... Band 6: Botany, 1878, S. 379 (online).
  3. William Trelease: The desert group Nolineae. Dasylirion. In: Proceedings, American Philosophical Society. Band 50, 1911, S. 439–440 (online).

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Dasylirion wheeleri: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Dasylirion wheeleri ist eine Pflanzenart der Gattung Dasylirion in der Familie der Spargelgewächse (Asparagaceae). Ein englischer Trivialname ist „Wheeler’s Blue Sotol“.

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Dasylirion wheeleri ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Dasylirion wheeleri (desert spoon, spoon flower, sotol, or common sotol) is a species of flowering plant in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae), native to arid environments of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.

Description

Dasylirion wheeleri is a moderate to slow-growing evergreen shrub with a single unbranched trunk up to 40 centimetres (16 inches) thick growing to 1.5 metres (5 feet) tall, though often recumbent on the ground. The leaf blade is slender, 35–100 cm (14–39 in) long, gray-green, with a toothed margin. The leaves radiate from the center of the plant's apex in all directions (spherical).

Blooming from May to July, the flowering stem grows above the foliage, to a height of 5 m (16 ft) tall[1] and a diameter of 3 cm (1+14 in). The stem is topped by a long plume of straw-colored small flowers about 2.5 cm long with six tepals. The color of the flower helps determine the gender of the plant, being mostly white for males and purple-pink for females. The fruit is an oval dry capsule 5–8 millimetres (1438 in) long, containing a single seed.

Dasylirion leiophyllum is similar, but the toothed leaves curve towards the base.[1]

Etymology

Dasylirion is a compound word from the Greek, literally meaning 'dense' or 'shaggy' + 'lily'. The Latin specific epithet wheeleri refers to the American surveyor and plant collector George Montague Wheeler (1842–1905).[2]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to arid, rocky environments of northern Mexico, in Chihuahua and Sonora and in the southwestern United States, in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, and also in New Mexico and western Texas.[1]

Uses

Decorative flowers made from leaf bases; Yepachi, Chihuahua

D. wheeleri is grown as an ornamental plant, valued in xeriscaping. As it does not tolerate extended frosts, in temperate regions it is usually grown under glass. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3][4]

The alcoholic drink sotol, the northern cousin to tequila and mezcal, is made from the fermented inner cores of the plant. It is the state drink of the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Durango, and Coahuila.

It was also used by the natives of the region for food and fiber. Its flower stalk can be used as a fire plow.[5]

The Tarahumara and Pima Bajo peoples of the Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua weave baskets from the leaves after they strip off the spines from the leaf margins. They also employ the expanded leaf bases in making large artificial flowers as holiday decorations.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ a b c Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  2. ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
  3. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Dasylirion wheeleri". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  4. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 29. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
  5. ^ Elpel, Thomas J. Fire Plow Sets for Primitive Fire Making
  6. ^ Laferrière, Joseph E., & Willard Van Asdall. 1991. Plant use in Mountain Pima holiday decorations. Kiva 57:27-38.
  7. ^ Pennington, CW. 1963. The Tarahumar of Mexico, their material culture. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City

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Dasylirion wheeleri: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Dasylirion wheeleri (desert spoon, spoon flower, sotol, or common sotol) is a species of flowering plant in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae), native to arid environments of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.

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Dasylirion wheeleri ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Dasylirion wheeleri, es una especie de planta fanerógama de la familia Asparagaceae, anteriormente de las ruscáceas. Es nativa de las zonas áridas del norte de México, en Chihuahua y Sonora y en el suroeste de Estados Unidos, en el desierto de Sonora en Arizona, y también en Nuevo México y Texas.

 src=
Detalle de la inflorescencia

Descripción

Dasylirion wheeleri es un arbusto de hoja perenne de moderado a lento crecimiento que tiene un solo tronco ramificado de hasta 40 cm de ancho y de 1,5 m de altura, aunque a menudo se encuentra recostado en el suelo. La hoja de es delgada, de 35-100 cm de largo, de color gris verdoso, con el margen dentado. Las hojas se irradian desde el centro del ápice de la planta en todas las direcciones (esférica).

La inflorescencia del tallo crece por encima del follaje, hasta una altura de 5 m de altura y 6.3 cm de diámetro. El tallo está rematado por una larga columna de color paja con pequeñas flores de unos 2,5 cm de largo, con seis tépalos. El color de la flor está determinado el sexo de la planta, siendo en su mayoría de color blanco para las plantas masculinas y morado-rosa para las plantas femeninas. La fruta es una cápsula seca en forma de óvalo de 5-8 mm de largo, que contiene una sola semilla.

Cultivo y usos

Se cultiva como planta ornamental. Puede sembrarse en cualquier temporada, pero es preferible en el verano y la poda en octubre.

La bebida sotol se hace de Dasylirion wheeleri. También fue utilizada por los nativos de la región como alimento y por sus fibras. El tallo de la flor puede ser utilizado como un productor de fuego.[1]

Taxonomía

Dasylirion wheeleri fue descrita por Sereno Watson ex Joseph Trimble Rothrock y publicado en Report Upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in Charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler ... vol. 6, Botany 272, en el año 1878.[2]

Sinonimia
  • Dasylirion wheeleri var. wislizeni Trel.[3]

Referencias

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Dasylirion wheeleri: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Dasylirion wheeleri, es una especie de planta fanerógama de la familia Asparagaceae, anteriormente de las ruscáceas. Es nativa de las zonas áridas del norte de México, en Chihuahua y Sonora y en el suroeste de Estados Unidos, en el desierto de Sonora en Arizona, y también en Nuevo México y Texas.

 src= Detalle de la inflorescencia
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Dasylirion wheeleri ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson ex Rothr. è una pianta angiosperma monocotiledone della famiglia Asparagaceae (sottofamiglia Nolinoideae).[1][2]

Descrizione

 src=
Dettaglio dell'infiorescenza

Si tratta di un arbusto con foglia perenne ad accrescimento da moderato a lento, che possiede un solo tronco ramificato di circa 40 cm di larghezza e 1,5 m di altezza, anche se spesso si trovano distese al suolo.

La sua foglia è sottile, lunga 35–100 cm, di colore grigio-verodognolo, con il margine seghettato. Le foglie si irradiano dal dentro dell'apice della pianta in tutte le direzione (forma sferica).

L'infiorescenza dallo stelo cresce fin sopra il fogliame, fino a un'altezza di 5 m e con un diametro di 6,3 cm. Lo stelo è sormontato da un lungo pennacchio di colore giallo paglierino con piccoli fiori aventi lunghezza pari a circa 2,5 cm e che portano sei tepali. Il colore del fiore aiuta a determinare il sesso della pianta, essendo per lo più bianco per le piante maschili e viola-rosa per le piante femminili.

Il frutto è una capsula secca di forma ovale, avente una lunghezza di 5–8 mm, che contiene un solo seme.

Distribuzione e habitat

È nativa delle zone aride del nord del Messico, negli stati di Chihuahua e di Sonora e nel sudovest degli Stati Uniti d'America, nel deserto di Sonora nell'Arizona, come pure nel New Mexico e nel Texas.[1]

Tassonomia

Dasylirion wheeleri fu descritta da Sereno Watson e Joseph Trimble Rothrock e pubblicata nel Report Upon United States Geographical Surveys West of the One Hundredth Meridian, in Charge of First Lieut. Geo. M. Wheeler ... vol. 6, Botany 272, nel 1878[3].

Sinonimi
  • Dasylirion wheeleri var. wislizeni Trel.

Usi

Si coltiva come pianta ornamentale. Può essere piantata in ogni stagione, ma preferibilmente in estate, e la potatura va effettuata in ottobre.

La bevanda sotol è prodotta a partire da Dasylirion wheeleri. Fu anche utilizzata dai nativi della regione come alimento e per le sue fibre. Il taglio del fiore può essere utilizzato per accendere fuochi.[4]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Dasylirion wheeleri, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 19 novembre 2021.
  2. ^ (EN) Chase M.W., Reveal J.L., Fay M.F, A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161(2), 2009, pp. 132–136, DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x. URL consultato il 13/1/2020.
  3. ^ Dasylirion wheeleri en Trópicos
  4. ^ Thomas J. Elpel Fire Plow Sets for Primitive Fire Making

Bibliografia

  • Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
  • CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Ca. nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  • Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. 26: i–xxvi, 1–723. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.

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Dasylirion wheeleri: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

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Dasylirion wheeleri ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Dasylirion wheeleri là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Măng tây. Loài này được S.Watson ex Rothr. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1878.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Dasylirion wheeleri. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan phân họ thực vật Nolinoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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wikipedia VI

Dasylirion wheeleri: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Dasylirion wheeleri là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Măng tây. Loài này được S.Watson ex Rothr. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1878.

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