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Allium canadense L.

Description ( 英語 )

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Bulbs 1–4+, without rhizome, with or without basal bulbels, often clustered, ovoid, 1–2.5 × 0.6–3 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brownish or grayish, reticulate, cells fine-meshed, open, fibrous; inner coats whitish, cells vertically elongate, sometimes contorted, walls straight or ± sinuous. Leaves persistent, green at anthesis, 2–6, basally sheathing, sheaths extending less than 1/4 scape; blade solid, flat, channeled, not carinate, 20–50 cm × 1–7 mm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute to obtuse. Scape persistent, usually solitary, erect, terete, 10–60 cm × 1–5 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, loose, 0–60-flowered, hemispheric to globose, bulbils unknown or flowering pedicels replaced at least in part by bulbils; spathe bracts persistent, 3–4, 3–7-veined, ovate to lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate, beakless. Flowers urceolate-campanulate, 4–8 mm; tepals erect or spreading, white to pink or lavender, lanceolate to elliptic, ± equal, withering in fruit and exposing capsule, midribs somewhat thickened, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute; stamens included; anthers yellow; pollen yellow; ovary, when present, crestless; style linear, ± equaling stamens; stigma capitate, unlobed or obscurely 3-lobed; pedicel 8–70 mm. Seed coat shining; cells each with minute, central papilla.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Flora of North America Vol. 26: 226, 227, 235 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Allium canadense ( 亞塞拜然語 )

由wikipedia AZ提供


Allium canadense (lat. Allium canadense) - soğankimilər fəsiləsinin soğan cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə

Bu şablona bax Soğan cinsinə aid növlər A. caeruleumA. cepaA. macrostemonA. nerinifoliumA. porrumA. sativumA. saxatileA. splendensA. ursinumA. victorialisA. abramsiiA. acuminatumA. aflatunenseA. ampeloprasumA. amplectensA. atrorubensA. bolanderiA. burdickiiA. burlewiiA. calamarophilonA. campanulatumA. canadenseA. cernuumA. chinenseA. cratericolaA. crispumA. cristophiiA. denticulatumA. diabolenseA. dichlamydeumA. drummondiiA. falcifoliumA. fimbriatumA. galanthumA. giganteumA. haematochitonA. hickmaniiA. hoffmaniiA. howelliiA. hyalinumA. hypsistumA. jepsoniiA. kokanicumA. lacunosumA. lemmoniiA. longicuspisA. membranaceumA. molyA. montanumA. monticolaA. munziiA. neapolitanumA. nevadenseA. nigrumA. obtusumA. parishiiA. parryiA. parvumA. platycauleA. praecoxA. pskemenseA. punctumA. roseumA. rouyiA. sanborniiA. schoenoprasumA. scorodoprasumA. senescens glaucumA. serraA. shevockiiA. siskiyouenseA. sphaerocephalonA. stellatumA. textileA. tribracteatumA. tricoccumA. triquetrumA. tuncelianumA. tuolumnenseA. unifoliumA. validumA. vinealeA. yosemitense


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wikipedia AZ

Allium canadense: Brief Summary ( 亞塞拜然語 )

由wikipedia AZ提供


Allium canadense (lat. Allium canadense) - soğankimilər fəsiləsinin soğan cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Allium canadense ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Allium canadense, the Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion[6] is a perennial plant native to eastern North America[a] from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb.[7] The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba.[8]

Description

Allium canadense has an edible bulb covered with a dense skin of brown fibers. The plant also has strong onion odor and taste.[9] Crow garlic (Allium vineale) is similar, but it has a strong garlic taste.[10]

The narrow, grass-like leaves originate near the base of the stem, which is topped by a dome-like cluster of star-shaped, pink or white flowers. These flowers may be partially or entirely replaced by bulblets.[10] When present, the flowers are hermaphroditic (both male and female organs) and are pollinated by American bees (not honeybees) and other insects. It typically flowers in the spring and early summer, from May to June.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

Varieties

The bulblet-producing form is classified as A. canadense var. canadense.[10] It was once thought that the tree onion could be related to this plant,[16] but it is now known that the cultivated tree onion is a hybrid between the common onion (A. cepa) and Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), classified as A. × proliferum.[17]

Five varieties of the species are widely recognized:[5][10]

  • Allium canadense var. canadense - most pedicels replaced by bulbils, rarely producing fruits or seeds; most of the range of the species.
  • Allium canadense var. ecristatum Ownbey tepals deep pink and rather thick; coastal plain of Texas.
  • Allium canadense var. fraseri Ownbey - flowers white; Great Plains from Texas to Kansas.
  • Allium canadense var. hyacinthoides (Bush) Ownbey - tepals pink, thin, flowers fragrant; northern Texas and southern Oklahoma.
  • Allium canadense var. lavandulare (Bates) Ownbey & Aase - flowers lavender, not fragrant; northern Arkansas to South Dakota.
  • Allium canadense var. mobilense (Regel) Ownbey - flowers lilac, pedicels thread-like; southeastern US.

Uses

The Canada onion is cultivated as a vegetable in home gardens in Cuba,[b] scattered locally in the south to western parts of the island. It was formerly collected from the wild to be eaten by Native Americans and by European settlers.[18] People in the Cherokee Nation and Chickasaw Nation continue the tradition of picking and cooking wild onions in early spring.[19] Various Native American tribes also used the plant for other purposes: for example, rubbing the plant on the body for protection from insect, lizard, scorpion, and tarantula bites.[20]

The whole plant can be eaten raw, with the tougher outer layers removed.[9] It can also be cooked and included in any recipe calling for onions.[9] The species has an onion odor; if this is lacking, it may be that the poisonous deathcamas has been collected instead of A. canadense.[9]This plant can cause gastroenteritis in young children who ingest parts of this plant. Chronic ingestion of the bulbs reduces iodine uptake by the thyroid gland, which can lead to problems. No specific treatment is suggested other than to prevent dehydration.[21] Livestock have also been poisoned by ingesting wild onions, and some have died.[22] Horses have developed hemolytic anemia from ingesting wild onion leaves.[23][24]

Notes

  1. ^ In Canadian French, the plant is known as ail du Canada ("Canadian garlic") and oignons des prairies ("onion of the prairies/meadows").
  2. ^ In Cuban Spanish, known mainly as cebolla silvestre ("wild onion"), with other rare colloquial names.

References

  1. ^ illustration from Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 499.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species plantarum. Vol. 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 1195 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. ^ "Allium canadense L.". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  5. ^ a b "Allium canadense L.". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  6. ^ "Allium canadense". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  7. ^ "Izel, Native Plants For Your Garden, Washington DC, Allium canadense". Archived from the original on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  8. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". kew.org.
  9. ^ a b c d Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) [1982]. Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods. New York: Sterling. pp. 58, 61. ISBN 978-1-4027-6715-9. OCLC 244766414.
  10. ^ a b c d e McNeal Jr., Dale W.; Jacobsen, T.D. (2002). "Allium canadense". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford. Retrieved February 21, 2011 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  11. ^ Correll, D. S.; Johnston, M. C. (1970). Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Richardson: University of Texas at Dallas.
  12. ^ Great Plains Flora Association, ed. (1986). Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
  13. ^ Schwegman, J. E (1991). "The Vascular Flora of Langham Island, Kankakee County, Illinois". Erigenia. 11: 1–8.
  14. ^ Voss, E. G. (1972). "Gymnosperms and Monocots". Michigan Flora. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Institute of Science.
  15. ^ Wunderlin, R. P. (1998). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
  16. ^ Food Resource, Oregon State University. "ALLIUM CANADENSE, TREE ONION, WILD ONION". originally from Hedrick, U.P. ed., Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants (1919). Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  17. ^ "Allium x proliferum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved February 21, 2011.
  18. ^ Hanelt, Peter (2001). "Alliaceae". In P. Hanelt (ed.). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (except ornamentals). Berlin: Spring-Verlag. p. 2250. ISBN 3-540-41017-1.
  19. ^ "Wild Onions and Scrambled Eggs". www.cherokee.org. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  20. ^ Moerman, David E. (1998). Native American Ethnobotany. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-88192-453-9.
  21. ^ Lampe and McCann 1985.
  22. ^ Pipal 1918.
  23. ^ Scoggan 1989.
  24. ^ Munro, Derek B. "Allium canadense (wild onion)". Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility: Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Government of Canada. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
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wikipedia EN

Allium canadense: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Allium canadense, the Canada onion, Canadian garlic, wild garlic, meadow garlic and wild onion is a perennial plant native to eastern North America from Texas to Florida to New Brunswick to Montana. The species is also cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and as a garden culinary herb. The plant is also reportedly naturalized in Cuba.

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wikipedia EN

Allium canadense ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Allium canadense, es una especie de planta bulbosa del género Allium, perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas, del orden de las Asparagales. Originaria de América del Norte.[1]

 src=
Vista de la flor
 src=
Detalle de la planta

Descripción

Allium canadense, tiene un bulbo comestible cubierto con una piel densa de fibras de color marrón y sabor a cebolla. La planta también tiene fuerte olor a cebolla. La especie Allium vineale es similar, pero tiene un sabor fuerte de ajo. Las hojas estrechas se originan cerca de la base del tallo, que está coronado en la cúpula por un grupo de flores en forma de estrella, de color rosa o blanco. Estas flores pueden ser parcial o totalmente sustituidas por bulbillos.[2]​ Cuando están presentes, las flores son hermafroditas (tienen órganos masculinos y femeninos) y son polinizadas por abejas y otros insectos. Por lo general florecen en la primavera y principios del verano, de mayo a junio.

Taxonomía

Allium canadense fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 1195, en el año 1753. (1 May 1753)[3][4][5]

Etimología

Allium: nombre genérico muy antiguo. Las plantas de este género eran conocidos tanto por los romanos como por los griegos. Sin embargo, parece que el término tiene un origen celta y significa "quemar", en referencia al fuerte olor acre de la planta.[6]​ Uno de los primeros en utilizar este nombre para fines botánicos fue el naturalista francés Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708).

canadense: epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en Canadá.

Variedades aceptadas
Sinonimia

Véase también

Referencias

  1. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). «Allium canadense information from NPGS/GRIN». USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Archivado desde el original el 29 de junio de 2011. Consultado el 21 de febrero de 2011.
  2. «Allium canadense in Flora of North America @ efloras.org». Flora of North America, Vol. 26. Consultado el 21 de febrero de 2011.
  3. Allium canadense en Trópicos
  4. «Allium canadense». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 8 de julio de 2013.
  5. a b Allium canadense en PlantList
  6. Giacomo Nicolini, Enciclopedia Botanica Motta. Volume primo, Milano, Federico Motta Editore, 1960, pag. 76.

Bibliografía

  1. Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
  2. Bailey, L. H. & E. Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  3. Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  4. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  5. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2002. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. 26: i–xxvi, 1–723. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  6. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1968. The Pteridophytoa, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. 1: 1–482. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S. (ed. 3). New York Botanical Garden, New York.
  7. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Fl. Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.
  8. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  9. Schwegman, J. E. 1991. The Vascular Flora of Langham Island, Kankakee County, Illinois. Erigenia 11: 1–8.
  10. Scoggan, H. J. 1978 [1979]. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. 2: 93–545. In Fl. Canada. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
  11. Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
  12. Voss, E. G. 1972. Gymnosperms and Monocots. i–xv, 1–488. In Michigan Fl.. Cranbrook Institute of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
  13. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x + 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainseville.

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Allium canadense: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Allium canadense, es una especie de planta bulbosa del género Allium, perteneciente a la familia de las amarilidáceas, del orden de las Asparagales. Originaria de América del Norte.​

 src= Vista de la flor  src= Detalle de la planta
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Allium canadense ( 法語 )

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 src=
Fleurs fermées de allium canadense. Juin 2021.

L'Ail du Canada (Allium canadense) est une herbacée indigène des régions de l'Est du Canada.

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Allium canadense ( 印尼語 )

由wikipedia ID提供

Allium canadense adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Amaryllidaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Asparagales. Spesies Allium canadense sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus bawang Allium.[1] Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh L..

Referensi




 src= Artikel bertopik tumbuhan ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.
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Allium canadense: Brief Summary ( 印尼語 )

由wikipedia ID提供

Allium canadense adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Amaryllidaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Asparagales. Spesies Allium canadense sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus bawang Allium. Nama ilmiah dari spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh L..

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Allium canadense ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Allium canadense là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Amaryllidaceae. Loài này được Carl von Linné mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[3]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Tropicos
  2. ^ The Plant List
  3. ^ The Plant List (2010). Allium canadense. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


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wikipedia VI

Allium canadense: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Allium canadense là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Amaryllidaceae. Loài này được Carl von Linné mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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