Eastern long-beaked echidnas are the largest living monotremes, usually weighing from 5 to 10 kilograms. They have long, dense black to dark brown fur and white spines that cover the entire dorsal surface of their body. Their spines can sometimes be obscured behind long fur. They have long, tubular rostra with an average length of 12.3 centimeters. Eastern long-beaked echidnas do not have teeth but they have a horny plate at the back of their mouth to help grind food. Both males and females have a cloaca: a single orifice for the passing of feces, urine, and eggs (in females) (Augee et al., 2006; Flannery and Groves, 1998). Eastern long-beaked echidnas are heterothermic endotherms; they depend on movement and shivering as a source of body heat. The lowest body temperature of a captive population was measured at 24.2 degrees Celsius. The highest body temperature was 34.2 degrees Celsius. The average body temperature of captive populations was in the low 30's. The basal metabolic rate was recorded at 24.41 kJ/hour (Grigg, 2003; McNab, 2008). Adults differ from the juvenile Z. bartoni in a variety of features. In the transition to adulthood, the sutures of the cranial bones close completely, the major basicranial foramina stay open but narrow with age, the rostrum lengthens, the posterior palate bones become more robust, and the narial opening becomes shorter and rounded posteriorly (Flannery and Groves, 1998). The presence of a spur sheath in Z. bartoni is indicative of a juvenile (Opiang, 2009; Rismiller, 1999).
The main morphological distinction between western long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus bruijni) and eastern long-beaked echidnas is the difference in claw number on the forefoot. Eastern long-beaked echidnas have five claws on each forefoot, whereas western long-beaked echidnas have three to four claws on each forefoot, usually lacking claws on digits one and five. Cranial features also differ between the two species. The braincase of eastern long-beaked echidnas is as high as it is long, whereas western long-beaked echidnas never have braincases as high as they are long. Eastern long-beaked echidnas have smaller orbitotemporal fossae than western long-beaked echidnas and the posterior end of the palate is flattened in eastern long-beaked echidnas, but is a channel in western long-beaked echidnas. Eastern long-beaked echidnas usually have a cranium with a dorsal depression that lies between the rostrum and the braincase. Western long-beaked echidnas lack this feature. However, some eastern long-beaked echidnas lack the depression as well, so this feature is not diagnostic (Flannery and Groves, 1998).
There are four recognized subspecies, which exhibit substantial geographic variation. These subspecies are Z. bartoni bartoni, Z. bartoni clunius, Z. bartoni smeenki, and Z. bartoni diamondi. The subspecies differ in size, fur coloration/density, and geography. Based on cranial measurements, the smallest subspecies is Z. bartoni smeenki and the largest is Z. bartoni diamondi (Flannery and Groves, 1998). In terms of sexual dimorphism, males possess a spur on their ankle, which is lacking in females. This is often used for sex determination. However, some juvenile females possess the spur. Females are often larger than males, but there is not a significant difference in size. Female eastern long-beaked echidnas have significantly longer snouts than males (Opiang 2009).
Range mass: 5 to 16.5 kg.
Average mass: 6.5 kg.
Range length: 30 (low) cm.
Average length: 55.6 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; sexes shaped differently; ornamentation
There are no known adverse effects of Z. bartoni on humans since their habitat is in areas with low population density.
As of 2011, the IUCN listed Zaglossus bartoni as a Critically Endangered species. This species is also listed on Appendix II of CITES. Population size has decreased by 80% over the last 45 to 50 years based on direct observation of their habitat. Though Z. bartoni lacks local native animal predators, the population is decreasing due to hunting and loss of habitat from the conversion of their habitat into agricultural land. Conservation management for Z. bartoni has been difficult due to the limited information on the ecology and breeding patterns of this species. The Papua New Guinea Institute of Biological Research has started a long-term conservation research project, headed by Muse Opiang. The goal is to illuminate the reproduction, ecology, and natural history of this species.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
The skin on the outside of the rostrum has a large number of electroreceptors (around 2000), which allow it to detect electrical signals to better locate their prey in the wet soil during the night (Map of Life, 2012). There is no available information on communication between Z. bartoni individuals.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Zaglossus bartoni was not considered a separate species until 1998 when Flannery and Groves published their paper establishing it as distinct from Zaglossus bruijni based on geographic location and morphology (Flannery and Groves, 1998). Fossil echidnas found in Australia and New Guinea date back to the Pleistocene and are very similar to living species (Griffiths et al., 1991).
Eastern long-beaked echidnas are hunted as a highly valued game species for native people in New Guinea due to its rarity and general inaccessibility. Their meat is considered a delicacy and echidna bodies can serve as “trophies” to native people.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
Eastern long-beaked echidnas have similar ecology to species such as Phalanger carmelitae, Pseudochirops corinnae, Uromys anak, and Anisomys imitator. These are all medium-sized mammals living in mid-upper montane regions. This suggests that they are filling the same insectivorous, medium-sized mammal niche. The foraging depressions they create could become resource traps. In turn, this could affect soil biochemistry and nutrient circulation. Though there are no known ectoparasites for Z. bartoni, there are several known for Tachyglossus, and Z. bartoni may be carriers for these as well. Some of these parasites include fleas from the genera Echidnophaga, Pulex, Bradiopsylla, Stephanocircus, and ticks from the genera Aponomma, Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, and Amblyomma.
Ecosystem Impact: soil aeration
Eastern long-beaked echidnas are insectivores that forage at night and eat mostly earthworms and occasionally grubs.They have several adaptations for foraging, including a long snout and relatively large claws on the forefeet. They have a specific tongue adaptation for grabbing earthworms. There are three rows of sharp, spine-like structures at the back of its tongue, which enables them to more effectively grasp earthworms while foraging. The foraging method for obtaining grubs consists of tearing open logs with their claws to find the grubs and other “wood-boring” invertebrates. They dig for earthworms by using the combined effort of their snout and forelimbs. The method they use is called a “head press,” which is a probing technique in which they apply pressure to the wet soil, mostly from their long snout and partially from their forelimbs. The depression made by the head press creates a hole, which can be used to find earthworms. This foraging depression is larger and deeper than the one made by the short-beaked echidna.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; terrestrial worms
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore , Vermivore)
Eastern long-beaked echidnas are found east of the Paniai Lakes region of New Guinea. They are found in the Central Cordillera (the central highlands) and in the Huon Peninsula, both mountain ranges in New Guinea. Though they have a relatively wide distribution across New Guinea, they are sparsely populated throughout much of this range. Population estimates are not known.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Eastern long-beaked echidnas have an expansive altitudinal range from sea level to 4150 meters. Their habitat is generally limited to the cooler, mountain summits of New Guinea. They inhabit tropical montane forests and sub-alpine and alpine grasslands. Montane rainforests (1000 to 3000 m) are rich in wildlife and thick with trees. At higher elevations, in the sub-alpine and alpine grasslands (3000 m or higher), there is less diversity of flora and fauna. Eastern long-beaked echidnas live in burrows underground or in dense vegetation. When underground, the dens are covered with little vegetation and are usually found on slopes because it is easier for Z. bartoni to dig into them.
Range elevation: 0 to 4150 m.
Average elevation: 800-1500 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest ; mountains
The longest recorded lifespan is 30 years in captivity at the London Zoo. There is no doubt this species is particularly long-lived, especially for its size. A lifespan of 30 years is around double the lifespan that would be expected based on the body size of Z. bartoni.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 30 (high) years.
The building of an underground den is a measure of predator avoidance in Z. bartoni. Risk of predation and human hunting is lowere because these animals are elusive and cryptic. Another adaptation for defense from predators is their spines. This provides an armored exterior as protection from predation. Thylacinus is an extinct genus of carnivorous mammal, the Tasmanian wolf, that lived in the mountains of Papua New Guinea until the Holocene. They may have been a native predator when they co-occurred. Today there are no known native predators of Z. bartoni. However, feral domestic dogs Canis lupus familiaris, introduced a few thousand years ago, are known to occasionally prey on Z. bartoni and humans sometimes hunt them.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Monotremes lack external genitalia; therefore an investigation of the cloaca and/or palpation of the penial sack is necessary for a robust verification of sex. When breeding, male penises protrude from the cloaca, which is seen as a sign of sexual activity. It has been suggested that Z. bartoni is reproductively active in April and May since females have been found lactating during these months. The mating system is not reported.
Due to the solitary and obscure nature of eastern long-beaked echidnas, details about their reproduction are not well known. However, according to researchers and native New Guinean people its reproduction is similar to that of western long-beaked echidnas and short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus species). Native people have said they give birth to one echidna at a time, which would be consistent with western long-beaked echidnas accounts. Since they have similar reproduction, it can be inferred that breeding is seasonal (April/May). Females lay the eggs and the eggs hatch around 10 days later. Juveniles stay in the female’s pouch for another 6 to 7 weeks until the spines grow in and the young are weaned after around seven months.
Breeding interval: Eastern long-beaked echidnas breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs around April or May.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average weaning age: 7 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; oviparous
Eastern long-beaked echidna females nurse and wean their young. Like other monotremes, mothers nurse young through pores connected to their mammary glands since they do not have nipples.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Ekidne Barton (Zaglossus bartoni) a zo ur bronneg eus an urzhiad Monotremata.
Bevañ a ra e Ginea-Nevez.
L'equidna de musell llarg oriental (Zaglossus bartoni) és una de les tres espècies d'equidnes de musell llarg de Nova Guinea. Viu principalment a Papua Nova Guinea, a elevacions d'entre 2.000 i 3.000 metres. Pesa entre 5 i 10 kg.
L'equidna de musell llarg oriental (Zaglossus bartoni) és una de les tres espècies d'equidnes de musell llarg de Nova Guinea. Viu principalment a Papua Nova Guinea, a elevacions d'entre 2.000 i 3.000 metres. Pesa entre 5 i 10 kg.
Paježura Bartonova (Zaglossus bartoni) je jedním ze tří druhů rodu Zaglossus. Je kriticky ohrožena, vyskytuje se pouze ostrůvkovitě na Nové Guineji ve vyšších nadmořských výškách.
Podobá se ostatním druhům paježur, od nichž se odlišuje tím, že na předních nohách má vždy pět drápů a na zadních nohách čtyři až pět. Délka těla se pohybuje od 60 do 100 cm, váha od 4 do 10 kg.[2]
V současnosti jsou rozlišovány čtyři poddruhy:[3]
Poddruhy jsou geograficky odděleny a rozlišují se především na základě tělesné velikosti.[2]
Živí se různými bezobratlými, především žížalami a larvami hmyzu, které citlivým rypákem vyhrabává v zemi a chytá dlouhým lepkavým jazykem.
{{Cite journal}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“. {{Cite web}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“. Paježura Bartonova (Zaglossus bartoni) je jedním ze tří druhů rodu Zaglossus. Je kriticky ohrožena, vyskytuje se pouze ostrůvkovitě na Nové Guineji ve vyšších nadmořských výškách.
Bartons langnæbbede myrepindsvin (Zaglossus bartoni) er et kloakdyr der lever på nordøst- og syd-Ny Guinea. Den lever primært i 2000 til 3000 meters højde, og er 55-60 cm lang.
Den kan kendes fra de andre medlemmer af slægten på antallet af kløer. På forfødderne har den fem kløer, på bagfødderne har den kun fire kløer.
Denne art kendes også under det ukorrekte videnskabelige navn Zaglossus bubuensis (Laurie, 1952).
Der findes fire underarter af det langnæbbede myrepindsvin:[2]
Bartons langnæbbede myrepindsvin (Zaglossus bartoni) er et kloakdyr der lever på nordøst- og syd-Ny Guinea. Den lever primært i 2000 til 3000 meters højde, og er 55-60 cm lang.
Den kan kendes fra de andre medlemmer af slægten på antallet af kløer. På forfødderne har den fem kløer, på bagfødderne har den kun fire kløer.
Denne art kendes også under det ukorrekte videnskabelige navn Zaglossus bubuensis (Laurie, 1952).
Der findes fire underarter af det langnæbbede myrepindsvin:
Zaglossus bartoni bartoni Thomas, 1907. Zaglossus bartoni clunius Thomas og W. Rothschild, 1922. Zaglossus bartoni diamondi Flannery og Groves, 1998. Zaglossus bartoni smeenki Flannery og Groves, 1998.Der Barton-Langschnabeligel (Zaglossus bartoni), auch bekannt als Östlicher Langschnabeligel ist einer der drei Arten der Langschnabeligel der Gattung Zaglossus, die auf der Insel Neuguinea endemisch sind. Diese Art wird hauptsächlich auf Papua-Neuguinea in Höhen zwischen 2000 und 3000 Metern gefunden.
Er unterscheidet sich von den anderen Arten dieser Gattung durch die Anzahl der Klauen an Vorder- und Hinterpfoten; er hat je fünf Klauen an den Vorder- und je vier Klauen an den Hinterpfoten. Das Gewicht variiert zwischen 5 und 10 kg, die Körperlänge zwischen 60 und 100 cm. Der Barton-Langschnabeligel besitzt keinen Schwanz und hat dichtes, schwarzes Fell. Diese Art ist die größte aller Kloakentiere. Zur Verteidigung rollt sie sich zu einer stachligen Kugel zusammen.
Es wurden folgende vier Unterarten anerkannt:
Die Population jeder Unterart ist geographisch isoliert. Die einzelnen Unterarten unterscheiden sich hauptsächlich durch ihre Größe im Erwachsenenstadium.
Der Barton-Langschnabeligel wird von der Weltnaturschutzunion IUCN in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten als vom Aussterben bedroht (Critically Endangered)[1] aufgelistet.
Als Schutz vor dem internationalen Handel wird die Art wie alle Arten der Gattung in Appendix II des Washingtoner Artenschutz-Übereinkommen CITES[2] geführt. Diese Maßnahme wird auf europäischer Ebene weitertransportiert, indem die Arten in Anhang B der EU-Artenschutzverordnung (EG) Nr. 338/97 bzw. EG-Verordnung 407/2009[3] angeführt werden.
Der Barton-Langschnabeligel (Zaglossus bartoni), auch bekannt als Östlicher Langschnabeligel ist einer der drei Arten der Langschnabeligel der Gattung Zaglossus, die auf der Insel Neuguinea endemisch sind. Diese Art wird hauptsächlich auf Papua-Neuguinea in Höhen zwischen 2000 und 3000 Metern gefunden.
The eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni), also known as Barton's long-beaked echidna, is one of three species from the genus Zaglossus to occur in New Guinea. It is found mainly in the eastern half at elevations between 2,000 and 3,000 metres (6,600 and 9,800 ft).
The eastern long-beaked echidna can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the number of claws on the fore and hind feet: it has five claws on its fore feet and four on its hind feet. Its weight varies from 5 to 10 kilograms (11 to 22 lb); its body length ranges from 60 to 100 centimetres (24 to 39 in); it has no tail. It has dense black fur. It rolls into a spiny ball for defense. They have a lifespan of roughly 30 years.
Like the closely related platypus, echidnas have spurs on their hind legs. Unlike the platypus, echidna spurs are not venomous.[4] All eastern long-beaked echidnas start with spurs on their hind feet and spur sheaths that cover them. Females typically lose their spurs later in life while males keep them. Females are also generally larger than males. Body mass tends to remain consistent most of their life, making it difficult to distinguish between adult and juvenile with body mass alone.[5]
All long-beaked echidnas were classified as a single species, until 1998 when Tim Flannery published an article identifying several new species and subspecies.[6] These species were then recognized based on various attributes such as body size, skull morphology, and the number of toes on the front and back feet.[6]
There are four recognized subspecies of Zaglossus bartoni.[1][7] The population of each subspecies is geographically isolated. The subspecies are:
Eastern long-beaked echidnas are mainly insect eaters, or insectivores. The long snout proves essential for the echidna's survival because of its ability to get in between hard-to-reach places and scavenge for smaller insect organisms such as larvae and ticks. Along with this snout, they have a specific evolutionary adaptation in their tongues for snatching up various earthworms, which are its main type of food source.
Zaglossus bartoni habitats include tropical hill forests to sub-alpine forests, upland grasslands and scrub. The species has been found in locations up to an elevation of around 4,150 m.[2]
Zaglossus bartoni is currently listed as Vulnerable on the Red List. improved from critically endangered.[2] Deforestation is one of the factors leading to the decline of this species.
Humans are the main factor in diminishing populations of eastern long-beaked echidnas. Locals in areas surrounding regions that these organisms inhabit often prey upon them for food. Feral dogs are known to occasionally consume this species. These mammals dig burrows, providing some protection from predation. Factors of deforestation also impact this species negatively. There are four isolated subspecies that inhabit specific geographical regions.[8]
The eastern long-beaked echidna is a member of the order Monotremata. Although monotremes have some of the same mammal features such as hair and mammary glands, they do not give birth to live young, they lay eggs. Like birds and reptiles, monotremes have a single opening, the cloaca. The cloaca allows for the passage of urine and feces, the transmission of sperm, and the laying of eggs.[9]
Little is actually known about the breeding behaviors of this animal, due to the difficulty of finding and tracking specimens.[5] The way the spines on the echidna lie make it difficult to attach tracking devices, in addition to the difficulty in finding the animals themselves, as they are mainly nocturnal.[5]
The eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni), also known as Barton's long-beaked echidna, is one of three species from the genus Zaglossus to occur in New Guinea. It is found mainly in the eastern half at elevations between 2,000 and 3,000 metres (6,600 and 9,800 ft).
El zagloso de Barton o equidna de hocico largo oriental (Zaglossus bartoni) es una especie de mamífero monotrema de la familia Tachyglossidae. Si bien en la actualidad está considerado una especie independiente ha sido considerado en el pasado una subespecie del zagloso occidental (Zaglossus bruijni).
El zagloso de Barton es endémico de la isla de Nueva Guinea, entre los 600 y 3200 m s. n. m.
Clasificación UICN: vulnerable.[1]
Los principales riesgos a los que se enfrentan ambas especies son la pérdida y degradación del hábitat por extensión de la agricultura y la caza, tanto como actividad deportiva como para aprovechamiento de la carne.
La inclusión en los apéndices CITES afecta a todas las especies del género Zaglossus.
El zagloso de Barton o equidna de hocico largo oriental (Zaglossus bartoni) es una especie de mamífero monotrema de la familia Tachyglossidae. Si bien en la actualidad está considerado una especie independiente ha sido considerado en el pasado una subespecie del zagloso occidental (Zaglossus bruijni).
Zaglossus bartoni Zaglossus generoko animalia da. Monotremata ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Tachyglossidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Zaglossus bartoni Zaglossus generoko animalia da. Monotremata ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Tachyglossidae familian sailkatuta dago.
L'échidné de Barton (Zaglossus bartoni) est une espèce d'échidné vivant dans les montagnes de Nouvelle-Guinée à une altitude de 2000 à 3000 mètres.
Il se distingue des autres espèces du même genre par le nombre de griffes qu'il a à chaque patte: il a cinq griffes aux pattes avant et quatre aux pattes arrière. Son poids varie entre 5-16,5 kg alors que la longueur de son corps va de 60 à 100 cm. Il n'a pas de queue. Il a une fourrure noire très dense. C'est le plus grand de tous les monotrèmes. Il se déplace lentement. Il se roule en boule lorsqu'il se sent menacé. C'est le plus grand mammifère du monde à pondre des œufs.
Il en existe quatre sous-espèces connues:
Chaque sous espèce se distingue des autres par son domaine de distribution et est reconnaissable par sa taille.
Nota bene: la classification du genre zaglossus pose encore problème et cette espèce n'est pas citée par tous les ouvrages de référence. Ceci serait en partie dû au fait que l'espèce ait été redécouverte en 1998.
L'échidné de Barton (Zaglossus bartoni) est une espèce d'échidné vivant dans les montagnes de Nouvelle-Guinée à une altitude de 2000 à 3000 mètres.
Il se distingue des autres espèces du même genre par le nombre de griffes qu'il a à chaque patte: il a cinq griffes aux pattes avant et quatre aux pattes arrière. Son poids varie entre 5-16,5 kg alors que la longueur de son corps va de 60 à 100 cm. Il n'a pas de queue. Il a une fourrure noire très dense. C'est le plus grand de tous les monotrèmes. Il se déplace lentement. Il se roule en boule lorsqu'il se sent menacé. C'est le plus grand mammifère du monde à pondre des œufs.
Il en existe quatre sous-espèces connues:
Z. bartoni bartoni Z. bartoni clunius Z. bartoni smeenki Z. bartoni diamondiChaque sous espèce se distingue des autres par son domaine de distribution et est reconnaissable par sa taille.
O Equidna de fociño longo oriental (Zaglossus bartoni), tamén coñecido como Equidna de fociño longo de Barton, é unha das tres especies do xénero Zaglossus que vive en Nova Guinea. Vive principalmente en Papúa Nova Guinea en terreos elevados a 2000 ou 3000 metros.
Pode ser distinguido doutros membros do seu xénero polo número de gadoupas nas patas traseiras: ten cinco nas patas dianteiras e catro nas traseiras. O seu peso varía entre 5 e 10 kg e o seu corpo mide entre 60 e 100 cm. Ten unha densa peluxe negra. A especie é o monotrema máis grande e de movementos máis lentos. Faise unha bóla de espiñas para defenderse de ameazas.
Hai catro subespecies recoñecidas:
A poboación de cada subespecie está xeograficamente illada. As subespecies diferéncianse entre elas polo tamaño do corpo.
O Equidna de fociño longo oriental (Zaglossus bartoni), tamén coñecido como Equidna de fociño longo de Barton, é unha das tres especies do xénero Zaglossus que vive en Nova Guinea. Vive principalmente en Papúa Nova Guinea en terreos elevados a 2000 ou 3000 metros.
Pode ser distinguido doutros membros do seu xénero polo número de gadoupas nas patas traseiras: ten cinco nas patas dianteiras e catro nas traseiras. O seu peso varía entre 5 e 10 kg e o seu corpo mide entre 60 e 100 cm. Ten unha densa peluxe negra. A especie é o monotrema máis grande e de movementos máis lentos. Faise unha bóla de espiñas para defenderse de ameazas.
Hai catro subespecies recoñecidas:
Z. bartoni bartoni Z. bartoni clunius Z. bartoni smeenki Z. bartoni diamondiA poboación de cada subespecie está xeograficamente illada. As subespecies diferéncianse entre elas polo tamaño do corpo.
Ekidna mocong panjang timur (Zaglossus bartoni), juga dikenal sebagai Ekidna moncong panjang Barton, adalah satu dari tiga spesies dari genus Zaglossus yang terdapat di Papua. Spesies ini ditemukan terutama di Papua Nugini pada ketinggian antara 2000 dan 3000 meter.
Spesies ini dapat dibedakan dari anggota genus Zaglossus lainnya dari jumlah kuku di kaki depan dan belakang. Ekidna moncong panjang timur memiliki lima kuku pada kaki depannya dan empat pada kaki belakangnya. Spesies ini memiliki bulu yang pendek dan tebal. Ada empat subspesies yang dikenali:
Populasi dari setiap subspesies secara geografi terisolasi dan dapat dibedakan satu dengan lainnya dari besar tubuhnya.
Ekidna mocong panjang timur (Zaglossus bartoni), juga dikenal sebagai Ekidna moncong panjang Barton, adalah satu dari tiga spesies dari genus Zaglossus yang terdapat di Papua. Spesies ini ditemukan terutama di Papua Nugini pada ketinggian antara 2000 dan 3000 meter.
Spesies ini dapat dibedakan dari anggota genus Zaglossus lainnya dari jumlah kuku di kaki depan dan belakang. Ekidna moncong panjang timur memiliki lima kuku pada kaki depannya dan empat pada kaki belakangnya. Spesies ini memiliki bulu yang pendek dan tebal. Ada empat subspesies yang dikenali:
Z. bartoni bartoni Z. bartoni clunius Z. bartoni smeenki Z. bartoni diamondiPopulasi dari setiap subspesies secara geografi terisolasi dan dapat dibedakan satu dengan lainnya dari besar tubuhnya.
L'echidna dal becco lungo orientale (Zaglossus bartoni Thomas, 1907) è un mammifero monotremo appartenente alla famiglia dei Tachiglossidi. Assieme alle altre due specie viventi del genere Zaglossus, questo echidna vive in Nuova Guinea. In passato era considerato una sottospecie di Zaglossus bruijnii.
A differenza delle altre specie del genere le zampe anteriori sono dotate di cinque artigli e le posteriori ne hanno quattro. Il peso varia tra 5 e 10 kg, la lunghezza tra 60 e 100 cm: misure che ne fanno il più grande mammifero dell'ordine dei monotremi. Ha una folta pelliccia nera ed è priva di coda.
La specie è endemica dell'isola di Nuova Guinea, dove occupa zone ad altezza compresa tra 600 e 3200 m s.l.m.
Si nutre essenzialmente di vermi terrestri, che si procaccia scavando il terreno con le robuste unghie. La specie è diurna.
La IUCN considera la specie vulnerabile.
L'echidna dal becco lungo orientale (Zaglossus bartoni Thomas, 1907) è un mammifero monotremo appartenente alla famiglia dei Tachiglossidi. Assieme alle altre due specie viventi del genere Zaglossus, questo echidna vive in Nuova Guinea. In passato era considerato una sottospecie di Zaglossus bruijnii.
Zaglossus bartoni (binomen a Thomas anno 1907 factum; Anglice eastern long-beaked echidna, Barton's long-beaked echidna) est monotrematum familiae Tachyglossidarum, in Nova Guinea endemicum.
Omnes Zaglossi bartoni exstantes in Nova Guinea et Papua Nova Guinea (Montibus Cyclopibus) habitant; olim in aliis partibus. Antiquissima vestigia plus quam decies centena milia annorum habent.
Vide "Zaglossum bartoni" apud Vicispecies. 
Haec stipula ad mammale spectat. Amplifica, si potes! Zaglossus bartoni (binomen a Thomas anno 1907 factum; Anglice eastern long-beaked echidna, Barton's long-beaked echidna) est monotrematum familiae Tachyglossidarum, in Nova Guinea endemicum.
De zwartharige vachtegel (Zaglossus bartoni) is één van de drie nog levende soorten van het geslacht Zaglossus.
Het dier heeft vijf klauwen aan de voorpoten en vier klauwen aan de achterpoten en is daaraan te onderscheiden van de andere leden van het geslacht. Het gewicht varieert van 5 tot 10 kg. De lichaamslengte varieert tussen de 60 tot 100 cm en het dier heeft geen staart. Het heeft een dikke zwarte vacht. De soort is het grootste van alle cloacadieren en beweegt langzaam. Als verdediging rolt het zich op in een stekelige bal.
Deze soort bewoont gematigde en tropische bossen, bosachtige terreinen, open habitats en bergachtige gebieden op Nieuw-Guinea. Het komt voornamelijk voor op grote hoogtes tussen de 2000 en 3000 meter in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea en het Foja-gebergte.
Er zijn vier erkende ondersoorten:
De populatie van iedere ondersoort is geografisch geïsoleerd en ze kunnen onderscheiden worden aan de hand van de verschillen in hun lichaamslengte.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe zwartharige vachtegel (Zaglossus bartoni) is één van de drie nog levende soorten van het geslacht Zaglossus.
Prakolczatka papuaska[3] (Zaglossus bartoni) – gatunek stekowca z rodziny kolczatkowatych. Zamieszkuje teren Nowej Gwinei na wysokościach od 2000 do 3000 metrów nad poziomem morza.
Odróżnia się od innych przedstawicieli rodzaju ilością pazurów, w tylnej nodze ma ich cztery, a w przedniej pięć. Długość ciała samców 48–55 cm, samic 51,5–63,7 cm; masa ciała samców 4,2–6,5 kg, samic 4,3–9 kg[4] – jest największym stekowcem. Porusza się wolno. W razie niebezpieczeństwa broni się kolcami.
Wyróżniono cztery podgatunki Zaglossus bertoni, jednak są one bardzo charakterystyczne i mogą stanowić odrębne gatunki[2][5]:
Prakolczatka papuaska (Zaglossus bartoni) – gatunek stekowca z rodziny kolczatkowatych. Zamieszkuje teren Nowej Gwinei na wysokościach od 2000 do 3000 metrów nad poziomem morza.
Odróżnia się od innych przedstawicieli rodzaju ilością pazurów, w tylnej nodze ma ich cztery, a w przedniej pięć. Długość ciała samców 48–55 cm, samic 51,5–63,7 cm; masa ciała samców 4,2–6,5 kg, samic 4,3–9 kg – jest największym stekowcem. Porusza się wolno. W razie niebezpieczeństwa broni się kolcami.
Wyróżniono cztery podgatunki Zaglossus bertoni, jednak są one bardzo charakterystyczne i mogą stanowić odrębne gatunki:
Zaglossus bartoni bartoni Zaglossus bartoni clunius Zaglossus bartoni smeenki Zaglossus bartoni diamondiA equidna-de-barton ou zaglosso-de-barton (Zaglossus bartoni) é uma espécie de equidna encontrada principalmente na Papua-Nova Guiné.
A equidna-de-barton ou zaglosso-de-barton (Zaglossus bartoni) é uma espécie de equidna encontrada principalmente na Papua-Nova Guiné.
Zaglossus bartoni[2] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas 1907. Zaglossus bartoni ingår i släktet långnäbbiga myrpiggsvin och familjen myrpiggsvin.[3][4] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad.[1]
Detta myrpiggsvin förekommer i Nya Guineas centrala och östra delar. Arten når i bergstrakter 4150 meter över havet.[5] Habitatet varierar mellan tropiska regnskogar, bergsskogar, gräsmarker och buskskogar.[1]
Arten skiljs från övriga arter i släktet Zaglossus på att den har fem klor på framtassarna och fyra på baktassarna. Vikten varierar från 5 till 16,5 kilogram, med ett genomsnitt på 6,5 kilogram. [6] Kroppslängden från 60 till 100 centimeter.[7] Arten saknar svans och har svart päls. Z. bartoni är störst av de nu levande kloakdjuren. Den försvarar sig genom att rulla ihop till en boll.[6]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[3]
Det är framför allt människan som utgör hot mot Z. bartoni. Arten jagas för köttets skull. Vildhundar decimerar också stammen.
Födan utgörs främst av daggmaskar. En individ som hölls i fångenskap vid London Zoo levde i 30 år.[1][6]
Denna art av myrpiggsvin har förhållandevis stora revir, mellan 10 och 168 hektar. Gångar den gräver kan vara upp till 4,9 meter långa och på ett djup av 0,57 meter.[8]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Zaglossus bartoni.
Wikispecies har information om Zaglossus bartoni.
Zaglossus bartoni är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Thomas 1907. Zaglossus bartoni ingår i släktet långnäbbiga myrpiggsvin och familjen myrpiggsvin. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som akut hotad.
Detta myrpiggsvin förekommer i Nya Guineas centrala och östra delar. Arten når i bergstrakter 4150 meter över havet. Habitatet varierar mellan tropiska regnskogar, bergsskogar, gräsmarker och buskskogar.
Zaglossus bartoni là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Tachyglossidae, bộ Monotremata. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1907.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Zaglossus bartoni tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Zaglossus bartoni là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Tachyglossidae, bộ Monotremata. Loài này được Thomas mô tả năm 1907.
Zaglossus bartoni (Thomas, 1907)
Охранный статус
Проехидна Бартона[1] (лат. Zaglossus bartoni) — вид млекопитающих из семейства ехидновых, обитающих на острове Новая Гвинея, в основном в Папуа, на высотах от 2000 до 3000 м над уровнем моря.
Весит 5—10 кг, длина тела 60—100 см, хвост отсутствует. Продолжительность жизни проехидны Бартона составляет около 30 лет. Это животное — крупнейшее из всех однопроходных[2].
Относясь к однопроходным, проехидна Бартона очень отличается от плацентарных млекопитающих в методах размножения. У неё есть единая клоака, через которую выводятся моча и кал, а также сперма и откладываются яйца[3], так как в отличие от других млекопитающих однопроходные не являются живородящими.
О поведении представителей вида при размножении из-за сложности их обнаружения и отслеживания известно немного[4]. Особенности строения протоехидны затрудняют установку трекинговых датчиков, вдобавок, она является в основном ночным животным[4].
Представителей вида находили на высоте около 4150 м. В наши дни Zaglossus bartoni редко можно встретить на уровне моря[5].
Питаются преимущественно насекомыми. Угрозой для вида являются человек и бродячие собаки. Местные жители охотятся на протоехидну. Протоехидны роют норы, что несколько улучшает их положение и дает возможность скрыться от врагов. Свою роль играет и сведение лесов[2].
До 1998 года три вида проехидн считались одним. Затем Тим Фланнери опубликовал работу, в которой разделил их и выделил несколько подвидов[6].
Науке известны четыре подвида проехидны Бартона[7]:
Их популяции географически изолированы одна от другой. Подвиды различаются в первую очередь размерами тел животных.
Проехидна Бартона (лат. Zaglossus bartoni) — вид млекопитающих из семейства ехидновых, обитающих на острове Новая Гвинея, в основном в Папуа, на высотах от 2000 до 3000 м над уровнем моря.
大長吻針鼴（學名：Zaglossus bartoni）是在新畿內亞的一種原針鼴屬。牠們主要分佈在巴布亞新畿內亞海拔2000-3000米的地區。
大長吻針鼴的前肢有五趾，後肢則有四趾，趾上均有爪。牠重5-10公斤，體長60-100厘米，是單孔目中體型最大的。牠有濃密的黑毛，沒有尾巴及行動緩慢。牠們受到攻擊時會捲曲身體來防禦。
大長吻針鼴共有四個亞種：
每一個亞種都在地理上分隔的，牠們之間主要在體型上有分別。
大長吻針鼴（學名：Zaglossus bartoni）是在新畿內亞的一種原針鼴屬。牠們主要分佈在巴布亞新畿內亞海拔2000-3000米的地區。
大長吻針鼴的前肢有五趾，後肢則有四趾，趾上均有爪。牠重5-10公斤，體長60-100厘米，是單孔目中體型最大的。牠有濃密的黑毛，沒有尾巴及行動緩慢。牠們受到攻擊時會捲曲身體來防禦。
大長吻針鼴共有四個亞種：
Z. b. bartoni Z. b. clunius Z. b. smeenki Z. b. diamondi每一個亞種都在地理上分隔的，牠們之間主要在體型上有分別。
동부긴코가시두더지 (학명: Zaglossus bartoni) 또는 바르톤긴코가시두더지는 긴코가시두더지속에 속하는 뉴기니섬에 사는 3종의 가시두더지 중의 하나이다. 주로 파푸아뉴기니의 고도 2,000m에서 3,000m 사이의 고지대에서 발견된다.
동부긴코가시두더지는 다른 가시두더지들과는 달리 발이 넓적한 편이며 발톱은 앞다리에 5개, 뒷다리에 4개가 있다. 몸무게는 5-10kg 정도이고 몸길이는 60-100cm 정도이다. 꼬리는 없고 검은 털은 빽빽하게 나 있으며, 여타 가시두더지들처럼 유사 시에 몸을 둥글게 말아넣을 수 있다. 수명은 약 30년 가량이라고 알려져 있다.
오리너구리처럼 날카롭고 억센 며느리발톱을 지녔지만 오리너구리와는 달리 독은 없다.[3] 며느리발톱은 뒷발에 붙어 있으며 평상시에는 칼집과 닮은 가죽 속에 숨겨서 다닌다. 수컷은 평생 가지고 다니지만, 암컷은 자라면서 며느리발톱이 빠진다. 암컷은 수컷보다 크기가 더 크며, 아성체와 성체 사이에는 덩치 차이가 거의 없어 구별하기 힘들다.[4]
본래 모든 긴코가시두더지류는 긴코가시두더지 단일종으로 등재되어 있었으나, 1998년 팀 플래너리가 신종과 아종을 발표하며 종이 나뉘고, 종 내에서도 여러 아종이 확인되었다.[5] 종을 나누는 척도는 대개 덩치·두개골 형태·앞다리와 뒷다리 발톱 수 등과 같은 신체적인 특징이다.[5]
현재로서는 아래 4종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[1][6] 각 아종간의 분포지는 지리적으로 뚜렷하게 나뉘어 있다.[7]
주로 곤충을 섭식하며, 길다란 주둥이로 나무나 돌 틈새 등 잘 닿지 않는 곳까지 훑어 거기에 살고 있는 유충이나 진드기 같은 곤충까지 먹어치울 수 있다. 주로 먹는 것은 지렁이인데, 길다란 혀는 지렁이 종류를 집어먹는 데 특히나 알맞게 발달해 있다. 야행성 동물로 낮보다는 저녁이나 밤에 나와 활동한다.[4]
저지대보다는 고지대를 터전으로 선호하며 우림지·산지·고원·관목림 등 다양한 식생에서 분포한다. 약 4,150m 정도 높은 고도 위에서 발견할 수 있으며, 오늘날에는 이 종을 저지대에서 찾기 힘들다.[8] 현재 IUCN 적색 목록에서는 취약종으로 기록되어 있으며, 호전되기 전까지는 가장 보호가 시급한 단계인 위급 등급이었다.[8] 가장 큰 위협 중 하나는 과도한 삼림 벌채 행위이다.
