Tanım: Oak, mixed deciduous and conifer open forests of warm regions in the cool-temperate nemoral zone of Central and Southern Europe and in the supramediterranean belt of the Mediterranean, Asia Minor and Middle East
Tanım: Tall-herb semi-natural perennial vegetation on disturbed forest edges, nutrient-rich riparian fringes an in forest clearings in the temperate and boreal zones of Eurasia
Tanım: Of plant duration, a plant whose life span extends over more than two growing seasons, c.f. annual, biennial, ephemeral, of flowering with respect to architecture, hapaxanthic, monocarpic, pleonanthic
