Comments
(
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eFloras tarafından sağlandı
The stems of
Ferocactus wislizeni commonly lean southward, hence the vernacular name, compass barrel. Eventually they fall to the ground from their own weight, uprooting themselves.
Introgressive hybridization with Ferocactus cylindraceus is thus far not documented, but is often invoked as an explanation for difficulty in identifying individual specimens in or near the wide region of sympatry. The putative hybrids mostly vanish with sufficient expertise in identifying the "parental" species.
Ferocactus wislizeni barely extends into Mexico, where two allopatric species, F. tiburonensis (G. E. Lindsay) Backeberg and F. herrerae J. G. Ortega, often are cited as varieties of F. wislizeni. All reports of intermediates with F. herrerae are based on normal F. herrerae, the subtropical species (R. S. Felger 2000).
The finely reticulate seed coat of Ferocactus wislizeni is diagnostic among the species of Ferocactus in the flora.
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Description
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eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Stems usually leaning southward in adulthood, depressed-spheric to ovoid-cylindric, 19-100(-300) × (20-)36-65(-100) cm. Ribs 20-30(-40), shallowly notched immediately above each areole. Spines 16-25(-29) per areole, central spines and larger radial spines dull pink, gray, or tan; smallest spines per areole white, slender, often bristlelike, less than 1 mm diam., strongly contrasting with central spines; central spines (1-)2-4, often with several, subulate subcentral spines, rigid; principal central spine strongly hooked (very rarely straight), 36-120(-150) mm from curve of hook to base of spine, 1.5-4(-7) mm wide, strongly annulate, terete, ± angular, or flattened and often adaxially troughlike; other central spines subulate, slightly smaller. Flowers similar in color inside and out, 4-8.5 × 4-6.5 cm; inner tepals orange, red, or yellow with orange to red midstripes, or wholly yellow; stigma lobes yellow, orange, or red. Fruits ± readily dehiscent through basal pore, bright yellow, 35-60 × 18-40 mm, thick walled, leathery or fleshy, locule dry, hollow except for seeds. Seeds (1.9-)2-2.5(-2.9) mm, essentially smooth with very narrow and slightly raised reticulations. 2n = 22.
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Distribution
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Ariz., N.Mex., Tex.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora).
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering late summer(-fall).
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Habitat
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Desert scrub, grasslands, south-facing slopes in lower edges of oak woodlands, flats, bajadas, mountainsides, usually relatively deep soils of limestone and igneous origin; 100-1600(-1800)m.
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Synonym
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eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Echinocactus wislizeni Engelmann in F. A. Wislizenus, Mem. Tour N. Mexico, 96. 1848; E. emoryi Engelmann 1848, not Engelmann 1856
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Common Names
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İngilizce
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Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the term:
cactuscandybarrel cactus
southwestern barrel cactus
bisnaga
visnaga
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms:
cactus,
central spines,
fruit,
radial spines,
root crown,
stem succulentCandybarrel cactus is a native stem succulent that is barrel-shaped or sometimes columnar with rarely more than one stem. It ranges from 2 to 10 feet (3 m) tall, with a diameter of 18 to 33 inches (45-83 cm). Candybarrel cactus has 20 to 28 ribs. The spines are dense, somewhat obscuring the surface of the stem. There are four central spines per areole, the larger ones 1.5 to 2 inches (3.8-5.0 cm) long, and 12 to 20 radial spines to 1.8 inches (4.5 cm) in length. Flowers form on growth of the current season near the stem apex. The fruit is yellow, barrel-shaped, and fleshy at maturity [
1,
17,
36]. According to Cannon [
7], the root system of candybarrel cactus is shallow and confined to the upper soil layers. At one site a main anchoring root extended down to about 8 inches (20 cm) and had several short laterals. Horizontal roots originated from the root crown and were very shallow. Depth of burial decreased with distance from the plant and ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 inches (1.5-3.0 cm). Roots were often exposed after rain storms.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
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İngilizce
)
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More info for the term:
cactusCandybarrel cactus is distributed in southeastern Arizona from Maricopa and Pima to Greenlee and Cochise counties, east to southern New Mexico from Hidalgo County to southwestern Lincoln County, and in El Paso County, Texas. Candybarrel cactus is also found in Mexico to Sinaloa and Chihuahua [
1,
17,
36,
38]. It is cultivated in Hawaii [
40].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
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İngilizce
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More info for the terms:
cacti,
cactus,
cover,
fire regime,
grassland,
meristem,
seedLarge succulents such as candybarrel cactus have a thick cortex that insulates the vascular tissue. The cortex thickens with age, so older individuals may be more resistant to fire than younger ones. Taller individuals are more likely to survive fire because the apical meristem may be above flame height. Cacti escape fire in refugia and in areas with fuels too sparse to carry fire. Cacti do not appear to store seed in soil seedbanks [
30]. Although desert vegetation rarely burns completely due to a lack of continuous fuels, unusually heavy winter rains may produce a cover of annual species dense enough to carry a fire when cured. Fires resulting from this situation tend to occur at the desert-desert grassland ecotone [
16], a common habitat of candybarrel cactus. Thomas [
30] has cited references suggesting that fire intervals in desert grasslands may be as short as 3 to 40 years. Repeated fires may be disastrous to barrel cactus populations, whose recovery period has been estimated at more than 15 years [
37]. Most desert habitat does not produce enough vegetation to support frequent fires. If frequent fires do occur they gradually reduce succulent populations, although a small percentage of individuals may survive in refugia [
30].
FIRE REGIMES : Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the
FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
stem succulentStem succulent
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
(
İngilizce
)
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More info for the terms:
cactus,
woodlandCandybarrel cactus is found on rocky, gravelly, or sandy soils of hills, flats, canyons, wash margins, and alluvial fans in desert shrublands and grasslands from 990 to 5,280 feet (300-1,600 m) elevation [
1,
35,
38]. It also extends into woodland communities occurring at elevations below 6,500 feet (1,970 m) [
14]. Candybarrel cactus is frost-sensitive [
28], which is a limiting site factor at higher elevations and northern latitudes.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
68 Mesquite
239 Pinyon - juniper
241 Western live oak
242 Mesquite
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrubFRES30 Desert shrub
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES34 Chaparral - mountain shrub
FRES35 Pinyon - juniper
FRES40 Desert grasslands
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
cactus,
shrub,
woodlandK023 Juniper - pinyon woodland
K027 Mesquite bosque
K031 Oak - juniper woodlands
K040 Saltbush - greasewood
K041 Creosotebush
K042 Creosotebush - bursage
K043 Paloverde - cactus shrub
K044 Creosotebush - tarbush
K046 Desert: vegetation largely lacking
K053 Grama - galleta steppe
K054 Grama - tobosa prairie
K058 Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the term:
cactusCandybarrel cactus is often consumed by cattle and rabbits if the spines are removed by a disturbance such as fire [
10,
14,
34]. Mule deer in the Sonoran Desert readily consume candybarrel cactus fruits. Mule deer diets consisted of 35.6, 42.5, 5.4, and 1.9 percent barrel cactus fruits in the fall, winter, spring, and summer, respectively [
24,
25]. Collared peccary also consume candybarrel cactus fruits when they are available [
39]. Candybarrel cactus seeds are eaten by many birds [
38].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms:
cactus,
codominant,
grassland,
shrub,
woodlandCandybarrel cactus is primarily found in desert grassland and desert shrub
habitats in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts [
1,
5,
14,
27]. It also
extends into communities at higher elevations in interior chaparral and
is found in the Madrean evergreen woodland in encinal woodlands with a
mixture of evergreen oaks (Quercus spp.) and junipers (Juniperus spp.)
[
5,
14]. Candybarrel cactus is not listed as a dominant or codominant species
in available publications.
Some species generally associated with candybarrel cactus include prickly
pear or cholla (Opuntia spp.), acacia (Acacia spp.), ocotillo (Fouqueria
splendens), yucca (Yucca spp.), saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea), grama
(Bouteloua spp.), and threeawn (Aristida spp.) [
3,
4,
18,
21].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the term:
cactusCactus
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms:
cactus,
frequency,
shrubGlendening [
10] and Brown [
4] reported that candybarrel cactus increased over
17- or 18-year periods, respectively, on desert grasslands of Arizona.
Both studies included treatments that excluded cattle and rabbits (no
grazing), excluded cattle only (light grazing), and contained areas open
to grazing. The following average numbers of candybarrel cactus plants under
each treatment were reported by Glendening [
10] on the Santa Rita
Experimental Range:
No grazing Light grazing Open
________________________________________________________
1932 0 0.5 0.5
1949 30.5 24.0 5.0
Blydenstein [
3] stated that there was no significant difference in
frequency of candybarrel cactus between lightly grazed desert shrub
communities and communities that had been protected from grazing for 50
years.
Candybarrel cactus populations are negatively affected by urban development
and cactus collection [
27].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Nutritional Value
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İngilizce
)
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More info for the term:
cactusCandybarrel cactus fruits are reported to be highly digestible (greater than
50% of dry matter) by mule deer. The following in vitro dry matter
digestibility (DMD) and nutrient values (%) were reported for barrel
cactus fruits in different seasons on the Santa Rita Experimental Range
in southern Arizona [
24]:
Spring Summer Fall Winter
___________________________________________________________________
DMD 59.5 78.1 60.9 73.5
Protein 7.8 8.6 6.2 10.8
Phosphorous 0.20 0.21 0.18 0.23
P/Ca 0.65 0.48 0.47 0.61
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
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İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
AZ HI NM TX MEXICO
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Other uses and values
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İngilizce
)
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More info for the term:
cactusNative Americans have used candybarrel cactus pulp for making jelly and cactus candy [
19,
36]. Candybarrel cactus is extensively collected and used in landscaping themes and cactus gardens [
38].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
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İngilizce
)
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More info on this topic. More info for the term:
cactusCandybarrel cactus flowers sporadically in late spring and profusely in the summer (July to September) [
1,
17].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info for the terms:
cactus,
meristemGlendening [
10] stated that candybarrel cactus reproduces from seeds only, which are dispersed by birds and rodents [
10,
38]. No offsets were reported after fires in southern Arizona; growth was from the apical meristem only [
31]. Ferocactus species will often branch at the apex following injury to the terminal bud [
1]. Limiting factors for germination of candybarrel cactus seeds are temperature and light. Greatest germination takes place at 68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (20-30 deg C) after at least 8 hours of light. Seeds do not germinate in the dark [
12].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
(
İngilizce
)
Fire Effects Information System Plants tarafından sağlandı
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
7 Lower Basin and Range
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
(
İngilizce
)
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More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
climax,
grasslandCandybarrel cactus' life span has been reported to be from 50 [
11] to 130 years [
26]. It is a climax member of the desert grassland [
27].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Synonyms
(
İngilizce
)
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Echinocactus wislizenii Engelm. [
1,
17,
36]
Ferocactus wislizenii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose [
1,
36,
38]
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
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İngilizce
)
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More info for the term:
cactusThe currently accepted scientific name of candybarrel cactus is Ferocactus
wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose (Cactaceae) [
33,
41]. There are no
infrataxa.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Matthews, Robin F. 1994. Ferocactus wislizeni. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Ferocactus wislizeni
(
Almanca
)
wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı
Ferocactus wislizeni ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Ferocactus in der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton wislizeni ehrt Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus.[1]
Beschreibung
Ferocactus wislizeni wächst meist einzeln mit kugel- bis säulenförmigen Trieben und erreicht bei Durchmessern von 80 Zentimetern Wuchshöhen von bis zu 3 Meter. Es sind 20 bis 30 kaum gehöckerte Rippen vorhanden. Die darauf befindlichen Areolen stehen bei jungen Pflanzen weit voneinander entfernt und fließen später fast zusammen. Die daraus entspringenden unterschiedlichen Dornen sind weiß bis rot oder grau. Die vier Mitteldornen stehen über Kreuz, sind quer gebändert und 8 bis 10 Zentimeter lang. Die untersten von ihnen sind am kräftigsten, abgeflacht und häufig hakenförmig gebogen. Die Gestalt der etwa zwölf, 4 bis 5 Zentimeter langen Randdornen variiert von nadelig bis borstenartig.
Die trichterförmigen, gelben bis gelblich orangen bis roten Blüten erreichen eine Länge von 4 bis 5 Zentimeter und weisen ebensolche Durchmesser auf. Die bis zu 5 Zentimeter langen, eiförmigen Früchte sind zur Reifezeit gelb.
Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung
Ferocactus wislizeni ist in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Bundesstaaten Arizona, New Mexico und Texas sowie in den mexikanischen Bundesstaaten Sonora, Sinaloa und Chihuahua verbreitet.
Die Erstbeschreibung als Echinocactus wislizeni erfolgte 1848 durch George Engelmann.[2] Nathaniel Lord Britton und Joseph Nelson Rose stellten die Art 1922 in die Gattung Ferocactus.[3]
In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Vulnerable (VU)“, d. h. als gefährdet geführt.[4]
Nachweise
Literatur
Einzelnachweise
-
↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3, S. 258.
-
↑ In: A. Wislizenus: Memoir of a tour to northern Mexico :connected with Col. Doniphan's expedition, in 1846 and 1847. 1848, S. 96 (online).
-
↑ N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose: The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. Band III. The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1922, S. 127–128 (online).
-
↑ Ferocactus wislizeni in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2020-3. Eingestellt von: Burquez Montijo, A. & Felger, R.S., 2010. Abgerufen am 7. März 2021.
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Ferocactus wislizeni: Brief Summary
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wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı
![src=]()
Blüte
Ferocactus wislizeni ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Ferocactus in der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton wislizeni ehrt Friedrich Adolph Wislizenus.
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- Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
Ferocactus wislizeni
(
İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Ferocactus wislizeni, the fishhook barrel cactus, also called Arizona barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus, and Southwestern barrel cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to northern Mexico and the southern United States. It is a ball-shaped cactus eventually growing to a cylindrical shape, with spiny ribs and red or yellow flowers in summer.
Some sources mistakenly spell the epithet "wislizenii." The correct spelling is with one "i," per ICN article 60C.2.[2]
Characteristics
The fishhook barrel cactus typically grows to a diameter of roughly 2.25 ft (0.69 m) and a height of 3–6 ft (0.91–1.83 m). However, specimens as wide as 3 ft (0.91 m) and tall as 10 ft (3.0 m) have been recorded.[3] The common name comes from the spines, which are thick and hooked. It has a leathery asparagus green cortex (skin) with approximately 15-28 ribs per cactus. Its flowers are yellow to red-orange and appear atop the cactus fruit during the summer months. The fruits are green when unripe, yellow after the flower dries up, and persist atop the cactus long after the flower is gone, sometimes for more than a year.
In adulthood, fishhook barrel cacti generally lean southward, toward the sun, earning them the nickname "compass barrel cactus." One theory about why this happens is, the afternoon sun is so intense it slows the growth on the exposed side, causing the plant to grow unevenly. Older barrels can lean so far they uproot themselves and fall over, especially after heavy rains when the soil is loose.[4] Its life cycle is 50–100 years.
Like Sclerocactus, Ferocactus typically grows in areas where water flows irregularly or depressions where water can accumulate for short periods of time. They are not associated with washes and arroyos but rather grow along rocky ridges and open bajadas.
The "fishhook" spines and the armored web of spines enclosing the cactus body are a defense against herbivory. Rarely a mature barrel cactus is found hollowed out by javelina but overall prickly pear experience much higher levels of damage from more species. Barrel cactus spines pose an extreme hazard for handling, penetrating boots and gloves. The roots are quite long but very shallow.
Distribution
The fishhook barrel cactus is native to southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. More specifically, it can be found in southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, El Paso County, Texas and northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico.[5] It grows in gravelly or sandy soil, more commonly on bajadas than steep slopes, at 1000 to 5300 feet (300–1600 m) elevation. It prefers full sun, and does well in hot arid climates. It is, however, frost-tolerant to 5 °F (-15 °C)[6]
Ecology
The flowers are pollinated by cactus bees (Lithurge spp.). Mule deer, birds, and javelina eat the fruit. The birds especially like the seeds. The people of the Sonoran Desert use the fruit for candy and jelly.[5] The Seri and O'odham eat the flowers and use the fruit, which is sour, as emergency food.[4] Tradition says that the barrel cactus is a source of water for people lost without water in the desert. There are records of the southwestern Native Americans using it for that purpose,[7] but the water contains oxalic acid and is likely to cause diarrhea if ingested on an empty stomach.[8]
The skin thickens with age, making older cacti more fire resistant. Even so, average mortality due to fire is 50 to 67 percent within the first two years following fire.[5]
In urban areas, the Fishhook Barrel is valued as an ornamental plant. It is drought tolerant and good for xeriscaping, and it is also a low-maintenance full-sun plant.
Gallery
Young Fishhook barrel cactus (Ferocactus wislizeni)
Fruit atop a fishhook barrel cactus.
Top view of young Fishhook Barrel
References
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Ferocactus wislizeni: Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Large fishhook barrel cactus near
Sahuarita, Arizona Ferocactus wislizeni, the fishhook barrel cactus, also called Arizona barrel cactus, candy barrel cactus, and Southwestern barrel cactus, is a species of flowering plant in the cactus family Cactaceae, native to northern Mexico and the southern United States. It is a ball-shaped cactus eventually growing to a cylindrical shape, with spiny ribs and red or yellow flowers in summer.
Some sources mistakenly spell the epithet "wislizenii." The correct spelling is with one "i," per ICN article 60C.2.
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Ferocactus wislizenii
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İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
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wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Ferocactus wislizenii, comúnmente conocido como biznaga de agua o cacto de barril, es un tipo de cactus caracterizado por tener forma de barril.
![src=]()
Detalle de la planta en flor.
Descripción
El cuerpo del cactus es de forma globular, con la parte superior deprimida y plana, color verde grisáceo. Su tallo varía de 6 a 12 dm de altura, aunque rara vez llegan a mayor altura, y de 45 cm a 80 cm de diámetro. A lo largo del tallo, se presentan de 20 a 28 costillas longitudinales. Posee aureolas en las protuberancias a lo largo de las costillas. Tiene 4 espinas centrales por aureola, las más grandes de 3,8 cm a 5 cm de longitud, y de 12 a 20 espinas radiales de 4,5 cm de longitud.
Las flores, de aspecto de embudo, son de color rojo o amarillo y se forman en la cima del tallo. Estas llegan a medir 6 cm de longitud. Florece esporádicamente al final de la primavera y abundantemente en el verano.
La fruta es de color amarillo, de 5 cm de diámetro, en forma de barril, y es carnosa al madurar, lo cual ocurre durante el otoño. Este fruto pertenece a la dieta del venado bura (Odocoileus hemionus). Inclusive, el cactus llega a ser consumido por conejos y el ganado si las espinas son removidas por alguna alteración común, como el fuego. Algunos pueblos han usado la pulpa para hacer jalea y dulces. El cactus llega a producir hasta 30 000 semillas por año. En muchas zonas de México el fruto es llamado guamiche, muy utilizado para elaborar dulces tradicionales y agua de guamiche.
Las raíces son poco profundas, confinadas a las capas superiores del suelo. Posee una raíz principal de anclaje que se extiende a una profundidad de 2 cm, mientras tiene otras raíces laterales más cortas. Las raíces son a menudo expuestas después de lluvia.
Ferocactus wislizenii se reproduce por semillas únicamente, que son dispersadas por aves y roedores. La germinación se produce mejor a una temperatura de 20 a 30 °C después de estar expuestas a 8 horas de luz. Las semillas no germinan en la oscuridad. Posee una vida de 50 a 130 años.
Se ha apreciado que las biznagas de agua tienden a inclinarse y apuntar en dirección sudoeste. Según algunas hipótesis, esto podría deberse a que el crecimiento se ve disminuido en aquella parte que queda expuesta al sol por la tarde, y por tanto, al momento de mayor calor, esto es, en dirección suroeste. Por ende, se recomienda que al trasplantar un espécimen se oriente de acuerdo a su posición original.
Hábitat
Se le encuentra en terrenos desérticos y pastizales en suelos con roca, grava o arena, a una altura de 300 a 1600 msnm. Es sensible a heladas, lo cual es un factor limitante a alturas y latitudes mayores. A la biznaga de agua se la colecciona y se la usa para jardinería.
Distribución
Crece en el desierto de Chihuahua y de Sonora.
Taxonomía
Ferocactus wislizenii fue descrita por Nathaniel Lord Britton & Joseph Nelson Rose y publicado en The Cactaceae; descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family 3: 127, en el año 1922.[1]
- Etimología
Ferocactus: nombre genérico que deriva del adjetivo latíno "ferus" = "salvaje" , "indómito" y "cactus", para referirse a las fuertes espinas de algunas especies.
wislizenii epíteto otorgado en honor de Frederick Adolf Wislizenus (1810-1889), cirujano militar, explorador, botánico alemán que viajó ampliamente por el Suroeste de Estados Unidos[2]
- Sinonimia
-
Echinocactus arizonicus R.E.Kunze
-
Echinocactus emoryi Engelm.
-
Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt
-
Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm.
-
Echinocactus wislizeni var. albispinus Toumey
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Echinocactus wislizeni f. albispinus (Toumey) Schelle
-
Echinocactus wislizeni var. phoeniceus R.E.Kunze
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Echinocactus wislizeni f. phoeniceus (R.E.Kunze) Schelle
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Echinocactus wislizeni subsp. tiburonensis (G.E.Linds.) Felger
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Ferocactus arizonicus (R.E.Kunze) Orcutt
-
Ferocactus falconeri (Orcutt) Orcutt
-
Ferocactus phoeniceus (R.E.Kunze) Orcutt[3][4][5]
Referencias
Bibliografía
- CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
- Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2003. Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. 4: i–xxiv, 1–559. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2 vols. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
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Ferocactus wislizenii: Brief Summary
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Ferocactus wislizenii, comúnmente conocido como biznaga de agua o cacto de barril, es un tipo de cactus caracterizado por tener forma de barril.
![src=]()
Detalle de la flor.
![src=]()
Vista de la planta.
![src=]()
Detalle de la planta en flor.
![src=]()
Vista de perfil.
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Ferocactus wislizeni
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
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Ferocactus wislizeni: Brief Summary
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Ferocactus wislizeni est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des cactus.
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Storadyglis ferokaktusas
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Litvanca
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Binomas Ferocactus wislizeni Storadyglis ferokaktusas (Ferocactus wislizeni) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos augalas. Stiebas statinaitės formos, iki 2 m aukščio ir 80 cm skersmens. Ant stiebo briaunų išsidėsčiusios areolės, iš kurių auga iki 10 cm ilgio dygliai. Žiedai gelsvai oranžiniai. Vaisius ovalus, iki 5 cm ilgio.
Auga JAV Teksaso ir Arizonos valstijose, Meksikos šiaurinėje dalyje. Dažnai auginamas kaktusininkų kolekcijose.
Vikiteka
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Storadyglis ferokaktusas: Brief Summary
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Litvanca
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wikipedia LT tarafından sağlandı
Storadyglis ferokaktusas (Ferocactus wislizeni) – kaktusinių (Cactaceae) šeimos augalas. Stiebas statinaitės formos, iki 2 m aukščio ir 80 cm skersmens. Ant stiebo briaunų išsidėsčiusios areolės, iš kurių auga iki 10 cm ilgio dygliai. Žiedai gelsvai oranžiniai. Vaisius ovalus, iki 5 cm ilgio.
Auga JAV Teksaso ir Arizonos valstijose, Meksikos šiaurinėje dalyje. Dažnai auginamas kaktusininkų kolekcijose.
![src=]()
Storadyglis ferokaktusas
Vikiteka
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Smal djävulstunga
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Smal djävulstunga: Brief Summary
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Smal djävulstunga eller guldtoppskaktus (Ferocactus wislizenii) är en suckulent art inom växtsläktet ferocactus och familjen kaktusväxter. I Australien kallas denna för "Barrel Cactus", vilket kanske borde ge den ett mer passande svenskt namn som "Cylinderkaktus"
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Ferocactus wislizeni
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Ferocactus wislizeni là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Engelm.) Britton & Rose mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.[2]
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Liên kết ngoài
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Ferocactus wislizeni: Brief Summary
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Ferocactus wislizeni là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Engelm.) Britton & Rose mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1922.
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