Biology
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
Although it does contain the green pigment chlorophyll and photosynthesizes, marsh lousewort also obtains some nutrients by feeding on the roots of a host plant (3). It is therefore dubbed a 'hemiparasite' (3). It grows as either an annual or a biennial (3). The flowers are pollinated by various bumble-bees, which are attracted to the flowers by the nectar (2).
Conservation
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
So far, conservation action has not been targeted at marsh lousewort, which is still fairly common in many parts of the country (2).
Description
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
Marsh lousewort or red-rattle is a widespread hemiparasitic herb (3). The stems and leaves are smooth, or have a few sparse hairs. The stem branches close to the base, and bears roughly triangular-shaped leaves with toothed lobes. The flowers are reddish-pink and the upper lip has a small tooth on each side (2). The name 'red-rattle' refers to both the colour of the flowers and the seed pods, which rattle when the seeds inside become ripe (4).
Habitat
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
As the name marsh lousewort suggests, this species is found in a broad variety of moist habitats such as wet heaths, wet meadows, fens, ditches, and valley bogs (3).
Range
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
This plant is fairly common in much of Britain, and it has a wide distribution, reaching altitudes of up to 855 metres (2) . It has undergone a substantial decline in central and southern England (3). Elsewhere it is found in mainland Europe as far south as the Pyrenees. It also occurs in the Caucasus region (Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) (2).
Status
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
Not threatened at present, but has undergone as substantial decline (3).
Threats
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İngilizce
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Arkive tarafından sağlandı
The decline of this species in central and southern England is due largely to the widespread agricultural improvement and drainage of the wet habitats in which it grows (3).
Associations
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İngilizce
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BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK tarafından sağlandı
Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Phytomyza tenella feeds within seed of Pedicularis palustris
Other: sole host/prey
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Plasmopara densa parasitises live Pedicularis palustris
Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera fusca parasitises live Pedicularis palustris
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia clintonii parasitises live calyx of Pedicularis palustris
Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Puccinia paludosa parasitises live Pedicularis palustris
Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph of Ramularia obducens parasitises live leaf of Pedicularis palustris
Plant / resting place / within
larva of Thrips palustris may be found in live flower of Pedicularis palustris
Remarks: season: 9-10
Description
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İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Herbs biennial, sometimes annual, 30--60 cm tall, subglabrous. Stems erect, usually many branched; branches rigid, alternate, rarely pseudo-opposite or pseudo-whorled. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, short petiolate or sessile; leaf blade triangular-lanceolate to linear, subglabrous, pinnatisect; segments linear to lanceolate, pinnatifid to dentate. Inflorescences racemose; bracts leaflike. Pedicel 1--2 mm. Calyx 7--8 mm; lobes 2, crenate-serrate. Corolla purple, 1.3--2.5 cm; tube erect, nearly 2 X as long as calyx, glabrous; galea erect, with 1 subulate marginal tooth on each side at apex; lower lip slightly longer than galea, ciliate. Filaments glabrous. Capsule obliquely ovoid, apiculate. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 16.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
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İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
NW Heilongjiang, NE Nei Mongol, N Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, N Mongolia, Russia; C and N Europe]
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
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İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Marshy places, swampy meadows, flat bogs, ditches; ca. 400 m.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Pedicularis palustris
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İngilizce
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Pedicularis palustris, commonly known as marsh lousewort or red rattle,[2] is a plant species in the family Orobanchaceae.[3] It is native to central and northern Europe and Asia where it grows in wetlands and boggy habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern.[1]
Description
The nominate subspecies Pedicularis palustris subsp. palustris, which occurs in the west of the range, is a straggly biennial plant with a much-branched, usually erect stem up to 60 cm (24 in) tall. The leaves are alternate or opposite, with a short stalk. The leaf blades are triangular-lanceolate to linear, with pinnate lobes and toothed margins. The inflorescence is a raceme with leaf-like bracts. Each bilaterally symmetrical flower has a short stalk and a large, rounded, toothed calyx. The flower is reddish-purple and up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long, with five petals fused into a tube, the upper lip being slightly shorter than the lower lip. The fruit is a capsule. The other subspecies, Pedicularis palustris subsp. karoi, which occurs in the east of the range, is an annual plant and has smaller flowers.[4] This species can be distinguished from common lousewort (Pedicularis sylvatica) by having two calyx lobes rather than four, and four small teeth at the tip of the upper lip rather than two. It is also taller and more erect, and is found in wetter locations.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Marsh lousewort is found in central and northern Europe and Asia. In Europe, it occurs in Scandinavia and southwards through most of Europe at altitudes of up to 1,200 m (4,000 ft).[1] In the British Isles, it mostly occurs in Scotland, Ireland, Wales, western England and East Anglia. In Asia, it occurs in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and northern China. Typical habitat is wetlands, swamps, fens, marshes, wet meadows and ditches.[4]
Ecology
Marsh lousewort is a semi-parasitic plant, the roots sucking nourishment from adjacent plants. The flowers are pollinated by honey bees and bumblebees; these land on the lower lip, which droops under their weight allowing them to thrust their head inside the flower and extract the nectar, getting powdered with pollen at the same time.[5]
References
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Pedicularis palustris: Brief Summary
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İngilizce
)
wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Pedicularis palustris, commonly known as marsh lousewort or red rattle, is a plant species in the family Orobanchaceae. It is native to central and northern Europe and Asia where it grows in wetlands and boggy habitats. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of least concern.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia authors and editors
