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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 14.3 years (captivity)
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Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
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de Magalhaes, J. P.
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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Captive populations of Petrogale penicillata are the focus of behavioral, management and genetic research.

Positive Impacts: research and education

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( İngilizce )

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When brush-tailed rock-wallabies were more widespread in Australia, they were shot as agricultural pests. They were able to enter and feed in orchards, and vegetable gardens required fences several meters high to exclude them.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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In many parts of New South Wales, Petrogale penicillata populations have been reduced to small, isolated colonies. Predation, notably by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), an introduced species to Australia, appears to be the current major threat to Petrogale penicillata. Habitat degradation through vegetation and fire changes, competition with goats, rabbits and sheep, and vulnerability to drought and disease may also be involved. Brush-tailed rock-wallabies have been observed to leave properties where sheep were introduced, suggesting that the habitat-specific rock-wallabies were starved out by the much more ubiquitous sheep.

The observation of the dramatic decline of a wild colony at the Jenolan caves in central New South Wales led to the first concerted management response to the continuing decline of Petrogale penicillata. The colony was of unknown size but supplemented by the release of 88 locally enclosure-bred animals in 1988. Late in 1992, the remaining wild animals at Jenolan were trapped and transferred to a nearby enclosure with the goal of establishing a captive breeding program. Such captive breeding programs generally allow for a far greater degee of direct control than can be exercised with wild animals. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife service (NPWS) has responded to the ongoing decline of Petrogale penicillata by initiating a program incorporating: 1) A survey to locate all sites where Petrogale penicillata> is extant; 2) a community awareness and involvement campaign; 3) the development and implementation of Population Management Plans (PMPs) for extant sites; 4) on-going research into threats and impacts.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Petrogale penicillata engages in allogrooming, where one animal bites and licks the fur of another animal, which may serve a role in reinforcing dominance status. Other examples of communicative behaviors include making vocalizations (a hissing cough sound), staring intensely, and aggressive behaviors such as nose jabbing (one animal thrusting its nose toward another animal). Males may examine potential female mates by approaching the female and sniffing her rump or cloaca.

Additionally, some evidence suggests that adult males deposit scent marks within their area of control.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Başlıksız ( İngilizce )

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An apparently narrow hybrid zone has formed between Petrogale penicillata and Petrogale herberti. In this zone, at the north of Petrogale penicillata's range, some female hybrids are fertile, which allows limited gene exchange between the two populations. This exchange is not widespread, however, allowing each species to retain its genetic identity.

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( İngilizce )

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When they were more widespread, brush-tailed rock-wallabies substantially affected agricultural plant species. In 1880, legislation was passed in New South Wales declaring kangaroos and wallabies as vermin. A bounty was offered on brush-tailed rock-wallabies, suggesting that they threatened agricultural production. They apparently invaded orchards and vegetable gardens with their ability to jump on top of fences, and fed heavily on the plants there. Additionally, it is possible that brush-tailed rock-wallabies help disperse the seeds of the fruit they eat. For instance, large numbers of the seeds of Persoonia linearis were found in the wallabies' faecal pellets collected in the spring.

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Petrogale penicillata feeds largely on grasses, which comprise 35-50% of its total diet, but will supplement its diet with leaves, sedges, ferns, roots, bark, fruit, seeds and flowers. Brush-tailed rock-wallabies choose to forage in locations with more forbs and short green grasses. There is little seasonality of diet. Also, the relative proportions of different food types in the diet are vary little among regions, despite varying vegetation. This sugests definite food preference with little or no seasonal shortages of preferred foods. Since brush-tailed rock-wallabies eat a wide range of food items, they are likely buffered against drought and against competition with more specialized herbivores.

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Native to Australia, brush-tailed rock-wallabies are distributed along rocky escarpments of the Great Dividing Range from southern Queensland to western Victoria. Although common in south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, populations in the southern and western parts of the range have declined. Remnant populations in Victoria and western New South Wales are endangered. Only three colonies in south-eastern Australia remain, and estimates of the total wild population in this region are at fewer than 12 individuals.

Petrogale penicillata was introduced to Hawaii and New Zealand. In Hawaii, a small population of rock-wallabies, descended from two animals, has existed on the island of Oahu since 1916. In New Zealand, brush-tailed rock-wallabies were introduced in the 1870s and can be found on Kawau, Rangitoto, and Montutapu islands. On some of these islands rock-wallabies are regularly culled because they have reached pest proportions.

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native ); oceanic islands (Introduced )

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Brush-tailed rock-wallabies live on rock faces close to grassy areas and often in open forests. They prefer sites with numerous ledges, caves, and crevices. They typically occupy sites with a northerly aspect, in order to sun themselves in the morning and the evening. Originally widespread and abundant, brush-tailed rock-wallabies were found in suitable rocky areas in a wide variety of habitats, including rainforest gullies, wet and dry sclerophyll forest, open woodland, and rocky outcrops in semi-arid country.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest

Other Habitat Features: caves

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( İngilizce )

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Captive brush-tailed rock-wallabies have lived over 11 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
11 years.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
14.4 years.

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Petrogale penicillata has a dull-brown back, paler chest and belly, a rufous rump and black, furry feet. They have a black axillary patch often extending as a dark stripe to the margin of the hindlegs. Their tail darkens distally with a prominent brush. Their pelage is long and thick, especially about the rump, flanks and base of tail. Animals from the northern part of the range tend to be lighter and have a less prominent tail brush. They have long tails, slightly longer than their head and body length. Head and body length averages 55.7 cm in males and 53.6 cm in females, while tail length averages 61.1 cm in males and 56.3 cm in females.

Range mass: 4.0 to 10.9 kg.

Range length: 45 to 58.6 cm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( İngilizce )

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Since brush-tailed rock-wallabies exhibit very high fidelity to diurnally used sites, predators may find it easy to learn where to find them. Furthermore, because colonies are small (due to declining population size), fewer individuals are available to be alert in order to detect and warn of approaching predators. Since Petrogale penicillata has been observed to maintain a relatively constant level of vigilance regardless of surrounding vegetation, however, it has been suggested that these animals rely on early detection of predators. Additionally, brush-tailed rock-wallabies are much more agile than their predators.

Known Predators:

  • Vulpes vulpes
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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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Brush-tailed rock-wallabies breed year round. The few matings that have been observed among Petrogale penicillata involve only females and males who are established on refuges. A notable feature of brush-tailed rock-wallabies, as well as other Petrogale species, is close and regular association between the refuge-guarding male and the females who use his refuge. Association involves mutual grooming and unusually high tolerance of proximity.

Though details are unavailable on brush-tailed rock-wallabies, most species of Macropodidae are promiscuous. Brush-tailed rock-wallabies have a different mating system than most related species in three respects: 1) a higher proportion of adult males are likely to take part in breeding and may do so for many years, 2) variance in male reproductive success is relatively low, and 3) only some weaned females, those able to establish themselves on a refuge, are likely to breed at all.

Mating System: polygynous

Females are sexually mature by 18 months, and males by 20 months. They breed all year, mating soon after giving birth. Development of the embryo is delayed until the pouch is vacated. Pregnancy lasts 31 days, after which a single young is born and attaches to one of the 4 teats in the pouch. The young remains in the pouch for about 29 weeks, then suckles at foot for about three months. In captive animals, post-partum estrous was typically observed on the same day as birth, even sometimes appearing within a few hours.

The process of birth has been observed on one occasion in the rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata inornata. The female sat on the base of her tail, her body leaning forward in order to bring the head close to the urogenital opening and pouch. Birth was accompanied by a small amount of clear fluid and blood, which the mother cleaned as the newborn young went toward the pouch opening. It took 45 seconds for the infant to reach the pouch opening from the urogenital opening. The mother remained in the birth position for 10 more minutes, licking around the urogenital opening.

Breeding interval: The breeding interval is unknown, but females can enter estrous shortly after giving birth and breed throughout the year.

Breeding season: Brush-tailed rock-wallabies breed throughout the year.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 31 days.

Average weaning age: 7 months.

Average time to independence: 7 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 18 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 20 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; embryonic diapause ; post-partum estrous

Average gestation period: 30 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
590 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
540 days.

There are few details about parental investment in Petrogale penicillata. Young remain in the mother's pouch for around 29 weeks, where they receive protection and milk. After leaving the pouch, the evicted young continue to suckle for about 3 months.

Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Bachynski, K. 2006. "Petrogale penicillata" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Petrogale_penicillata.html
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Kathleen Bachynski, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Biology ( İngilizce )

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Living in small colonies that occupy a suitable patch of rocky habitat, both male and female brush-tailed rock wallabies establish territories, which are vigorously defended. Each adult male territory may overlap with the territory of one or more adult females (2). Males are thought to have more than one female partner at a time, while females mate with only a single male, until he disappears from the colony and will then mate with another male. Female brush-tailed rock wallabies give birth to a single young, known as a joey, at a time, after a gestation period of approximately 30 days (2). With undeveloped eyes, hindlimbs and tail, the tiny joey immediately climbs up its mother's fur into her pouch (4), where it will remain for the first six months of life (2). Following this period, 7 to 20 days are spent moving in and out of the pouch, and by the age of nine months, the joey is fully weaned. In the wild, brush-tailed rock wallabies have a life span of five to ten years (2). The brush-tailed rock wallaby is most active during dusk and dawn, during which times it will move across rocks, scramble up cliff faces, and leap over leaning tree trunks with remarkable ease (3), as it travels to areas where it can feed on a variety of grasses and shrubs (2). During the drier, hotter summer months of Australia, this rock wallaby feeds on the juicy bark and roots of various trees, which provide sufficient moisture to allow the rock wallaby to exist for long periods without water (3). During the less active periods of the day, the brush-tailed rock wallaby can be found resting under the shelter of a cave, overhang or vegetation, or sunning themselves on steep rocks. These shelters also proved refuge from predators, such as foxes, dogs, cats, wedge-tailed eagles, (Aquilla audax) and possibly tiger quolls (Dasyuridae) (2).
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Conservation ( İngilizce )

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Conservation of the brush-tailed rock wallaby has, to date, largely taken the form of red fox control programs. Fox control programmes are currently being undertaken in a number of areas, including Warrumbungles National Park, Yengo National Park and Goulburn River National Park (2). However, in 2008, the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service published a recovery plan, which outlines further measures which are to be carried out with the aim of halting the decline in this species, and improving its threatened status. These actions include continuing existing and introducing new predator and introduced herbivore control programs, and continuing and expanding community-based conservation programs. Furthermore, captive populations of the brush-tailed rock wallaby in Australia have allowed important research to be carried out (2).
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Description ( İngilizce )

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This agile marsupial has many adaptations to allow it to move swiftly through rugged habitat (2). The flexible, well-padded hindfeet have roughly textured soles, giving secure grip on rocks, and the long, bushy tail provides balance as they leap over boulders (2) (3). Their long, dense fur is typically dull brown above, reddish-brown on the rump, and lighter on the underparts. The flanks bear distinct pale grey and black stripes (2). As its name suggests, the end third of this rock wallaby's tail is bushy, and is generally brown to black (2). Like other wallabies, female brush-tailed rock wallabies have a forward-opening pouch, in which the newborn infants develop, and four mammae (3),
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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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In accordance with its name, this wallaby inhabits rocky areas and boulder strewn outcrops, where nearby forest, woodland, heath or grassland provide important cover (3).
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Range ( İngilizce )

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The brush-tailed rock wallaby is endemic to Australia, where it occurs in small, isolated populations dotted across south-eastern Queensland, eastern New South Wales and Victoria (3).
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Status ( İngilizce )

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Classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( İngilizce )

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Once one of the most widespread of the rock wallabies, this bushy-tailed species has been greatly reduced in both numbers and range (3). In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this species was valued for its skin, as well as being thought of as an agricultural pest, and as a result hundreds of thousands were killed (3). Today, numerous threats continue to impact populations, including predation, competition, exotic plant invasion, habitat modification, fire, drought and disease (2). Habitat modification is believed to be one of the most significant threats to this Vulnerable marsupial, with habitat clearance, exotic plant invasion, changed fire regimes, exotic herbivore grazing, and residential and tourist developments, all impacting and altering the brush-tailed wallaby's habitat (2). Predation by introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) is also considered to be one of the major reasons behind these declines, as these agile predators can reach the wallaby's once inaccessible refuges (2).
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Qotazquyruq dağ vallabisi ( Azerice )

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Qotazquyruq dağ vallabisi (lat. Petrogale penicillata) - dağ vallabisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

Mənbə

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Qotazquyruq dağ vallabisi: Brief Summary ( Azerice )

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Qotazquyruq dağ vallabisi (lat. Petrogale penicillata) - dağ vallabisi cinsinə aid heyvan növü.

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Ualabi rupestre de cua de pinzell ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El ualabi rupestre de cua de pinzell (Petrogale penicillata) és una espècie ualabi, un dels ualabis rupestres del gènere Petrogale.[1] Viu a piles rocoses i penya-segats al llarg de les Serralades Australianes, des d'uns 100 km al nord-oest de Brisbane fins al nord de Victòria, en vegetació que va de selves pluvials a boscos esclerofil·les secs. Les seves poblacions han sofert un declivi greu al sud i l'oest de la seva distribució, però continua sent localment comú al nord de Nova Gal·les del Sud i el sud de Queensland.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ualabi rupestre de cua de pinzell Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Groves, Colin. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (editors). Mammal Species of the World (en anglès). 3a ed.. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, pàg. 68. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. (anglès)
  2. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P i Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X


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Ualabi rupestre de cua de pinzell: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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El ualabi rupestre de cua de pinzell (Petrogale penicillata) és una espècie ualabi, un dels ualabis rupestres del gènere Petrogale. Viu a piles rocoses i penya-segats al llarg de les Serralades Australianes, des d'uns 100 km al nord-oest de Brisbane fins al nord de Victòria, en vegetació que va de selves pluvials a boscos esclerofil·les secs. Les seves poblacions han sofert un declivi greu al sud i l'oest de la seva distribució, però continua sent localment comú al nord de Nova Gal·les del Sud i el sud de Queensland.

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Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru ( Almanca )

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Das Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru (Petrogale penicillata), auch Bürsten-Felskänguru oder Pinselschwanzkänguru genannt, gehören zur Gattung der Felskängurus (Petrogale).

Aussehen

Die Tiere erreichen eine Körperlänge von 50 bis 60 Zentimeter, eine Schwanzlänge von rund 60 cm und ein Gewicht von 3 bis 9 Kilogramm. Das Fell dieser Kängurus hat eine rotbraune bis braune Färbung. Der Schwanz und die Beine sowie die Brust und der Kopf sind bei den meisten Tieren schwarzbraun gefärbt.

Vorkommen

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Verbreitungsgebiet des Bürstenschwanz-Felskängurus

Die Felskänguruart ist in Australien heimisch. Sie kommt insbesondere in den Staaten Victoria, Queensland und New South Wales vor. Durch Einschleppungen wurde das Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru auch auf Inseln im Hauraki Gulf (Neuseeland) und auf der zu Hawaii gehörenden Insel Oʻahu heimisch.

Nahrung

Die Nahrung besteht zu 35 bis 50 % aus Gräsern, geringere Anteile machen Samen, Blätter, Wurzeln, Farne, Kräuter, Baumrinde und Früchte aus.

Fortpflanzung

Die Tragezeit beträgt im Schnitt 31 Tage. Das Weibchen bringt normalerweise ein einziges Junges zur Welt, das anschließend etwa 29 Wochen im Beutel bleibt. Mit 18 Monaten sind die Weibchen geschlechtsreif, Männchen mit 20 Monaten.

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Zeichnung

Gefährdung

Das Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru wird von der IUCN im Status gefährdet geführt. Wichtigste Gefährdungsursachen sind heute die vom Menschen eingeschleppten Säugetiere: Rotfüchse machen Jagd auf Kängurus, und Schafe, Ziegen und Kaninchen fressen die Vegetation ab.

Biologen der Universität und des Zoos von Adelaide versuchen Bürstenschwanz-Embryos durch Gelbfuß-Felskänguru-Leihmütter austragen zu lassen. Dadurch sollen die Weibchen früher für eine erneute Schwangerschaft bereit sein.[1]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Babyraub für einen guten Zweck. In: Die Welt, 25. Februar 2010. Abgerufen am 24. Juli 2011.
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Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Das Bürstenschwanz-Felskänguru (Petrogale penicillata), auch Bürsten-Felskänguru oder Pinselschwanzkänguru genannt, gehören zur Gattung der Felskängurus (Petrogale).

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Brush-tailed rock-wallaby ( İngilizce )

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The brush-tailed rock-wallaby or small-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) is a kind of wallaby, one of several rock-wallabies in the genus Petrogale. It inhabits rock piles and cliff lines along the Great Dividing Range from about 100 km north-west of Brisbane to northern Victoria, in vegetation ranging from rainforest to dry sclerophyll forests. Populations have declined seriously in the south and west of its range, but it remains locally common in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland.[4] However, due to a large bushfire event in South-East Australia around 70% of all the wallaby's habitat has been lost as of January 2020.

In 2018, the southern brush-tailed rock wallaby was declared as the official mammal emblem of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), although it has not been seen in the wild in the ACT since 1959.[5]

Taxonomy

Petrogale penicillata was first described by John Edward Gray in 1827.[3] The taxon has been named for a species complex, the Petrogale penicillata-lateralis group, the systematics of which continued to be resolved.

Description

A species of Petrogale, rock wallabies have a dense and shaggy pelage that is rufous or grey brown. The tail is 500 to 700 millimetres long, exceeding the 510 to 580 mm combined length of the head and body. The colour of the tail is brown or black, the fur becoming bushy towards its shaggy, brush-like end. The weight range is from 5 to 8 kilograms. The upper parts of this wallaby's pelage is either entirely rufous-brown, or a grey brown over the back and shoulders with brown fur at the thigh and rump. The paler under parts may feature a white blazon on the chest. Very dark fur covers the lower parts of the limbs, paws and feet, and on the sides beneath the fore limbs of the animal; a whitish stripe may appear along the side of the body.[6]

The coloration of the species in the northern parts of population is paler and fur is shorter in length. The black-footed and flanked species Petrogale lateralis, which occurs in central Australia, is distinguished by its larger size and the shorter and darker fur of the tail and hind parts. Herbert's rock-wallaby (P. herberti) overlaps in the northern range of this species, their coloration is greyer than the warm brown of this species and lighter at the darker features of the limbs; the tail of that species also lacks the blackish features and bushy end.[6] The pads of the feet are well developed and their coarse texture allows good traction on rock surfaces.[7]

Behaviour

The species is able to negotiate difficult rocky terrain with great agility, their compact yet powerful build is assisted by counter-balancing the long tail and feet suited to holding the animal at precarious edges and on inclined surfaces. The species favours north facing refuges, and while largely nocturnal in venturing out from shelter they will bask in winter sun for short periods. Procreation is founded on breeding females utilising a single male for insemination, with births that occur throughout the year. Groups in cooler latitudes or higher altitudes may tend to reproduce in a period between February and May. The females of the colony cohere as maternal groups, with male progeny moving to other groups within the colony or migrating to another location. Individual foraging territories for the species are around 15 hectares, perhaps more for males.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Illustration in Gould's The Mammals of Australia by H. C. Richter, 1863

Found along the Great Dividing Range in fragmented populations that remain after its historical contraction in range from the east and south. The southern edge of the range is the Grampians, and no further west than the Warrumbungles range in New South Wales. The northernmost groups have remained less affected by ecological changes, these are found in southeast Queensland.

Petrogale penicillata shelters during the day in rocky habitat, within vegetation or cavities of preferably complex terrain that allows them to find cooler temperatures and to elude or remain inaccessible to predators. Their great agility while hopping and climbing provides opportunities at ledges, cliff-faces, overhangs, caves and crevices.[7]

Introduced populations

A wallaby wearing a collar to conduct animal migration tracking

As part of the acclimatisation movement of the late 1800s, governor Grey introduced this and four other species of wallabies (including the rare parma wallaby) to islands in Hauraki Gulf, near Auckland, New Zealand, where they became well-established. In modern times, these populations have come to be viewed as exotic pests, with severe impacts on the indigenous flora and fauna. As a result, eradication is being undertaken, after initial protection for review of their Australian populations and the return of some wallabies to Australia. Between 1967 and 1975, 210 rock-wallabies were captured on Kawau Island and returned to Australia, along with thousands of other wallabies.[8] Rock-wallabies were removed from Rangitoto and Motutapu Islands during the 1990s, and eradication is now underway on Kawau. Another thirty-three rock-wallabies were captured on Kawau during the 2000s, and returned to Australia, before eradication began.[9][10]

In 2003 some Kawau brush-tails were relocated to the Waterfall Springs Conservation Park north of Sydney, New South Wales, for captive breeding purposes.

Due to an escape of a pair in 1916, a small breeding population of the brush-tailed rock-wallabies also exists in the Kalihi Valley on the island of Oahu in Hawaii.

Attempts at reintroduction into the Grampians National Park during 2008-12 were not successful, largely due to fox predation.[11] Nevertheless, March 2017 saw the emergence of a fourth offspring, bringing the total number of rock–wallabies present within the Grampians National Park to eight.[12]

Conservation

The Brush-tailed rock wallaby was once common throughout South-East Australia, but due to clearing of native habitat, exotic plant introduction, predation by introduced species and changing fire patterns as a result of climate change they have been wiped out from much of their Southern and Western ranges.

In late 2019 fierce bushfires swept through New South Wales and Victoria, burning protected areas inhabited by the wallaby. It is estimated that 70% of all brush-tailed rock-wallaby habitat was destroyed. In the aftermath of the fires in Victoria, where the wallaby was thought to have been hunted to extinction by the early 20th century by settlers who prized its fur and skin, until some who had survived were discovered in the Grampians in 1970,[13] a colony of 13 has been detected in the Grampians National Park while a further 50 are known to exist in the Snowy River National Park.[14]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Woinarski, J.; Burbidge, A.A. (2016). "Petrogale penicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16746A21955754. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T16746A21955754.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b Gray, J.E. (1827). "Synopsis of the species of mammalia". In Griffith, E.; Pidgeon, E.; Smith, C.H. (eds.). The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier, member of the Institute of France etc. with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed. Vol. 5. pp. 185–206 [204].
  4. ^ A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  5. ^ "ACT receives new mammal emblem". 29 November 2018.
  6. ^ a b Menkhorst, P.W.; Knight, F. (2011). A field guide to the mammals of Australia (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780195573954.
  7. ^ a b c "Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby - profile". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. NSW Environment & Heritage. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  8. ^ Shaw, W.B.; Pierce, R.J. 2002: Management of North Island weka and wallabies on Kawau Island. Department of Conservation Science Internal Series 54. Department of Conservation, Wellington. ISBN 0-478-22272-6.
  9. ^ "Rock wallabies". Catalyst. ABC. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  10. ^ "Saving the Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby". Waterfall Springs Wildlife Sanctuary. Archived from the original on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  11. ^ Taggart, D.A.; Schultz, D.J.; Corrigan, T.C.; Schultz, T.J.; Stevens, M.; Panther, D.; White, C.R. (2016). "Reintroduction methods and a review of mortality in the brush-tailed rock-wallaby, Grampians National Park, Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology. 63 (6): 383–397. doi:10.1071/ZO15029. S2CID 87455828.
  12. ^ Hayter, Rachel (12 March 2017). "Joey marks end of 'tough times' for resurgent rock-wallabies in western Victoria". ABC News. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
  13. ^ Benjamin Wilkie, Gariwerd: An Ecological History of the Grampians, Csiro Publishing 2020 ISBN 978-1-486-30769-2 pp.73-74.
  14. ^ Miki Perkins, 'Incredibly exciting': These marsupials are endangered. Now, there's new life and hope, The Age 20 October 2020.

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Brush-tailed rock-wallaby: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

The brush-tailed rock-wallaby or small-eared rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) is a kind of wallaby, one of several rock-wallabies in the genus Petrogale. It inhabits rock piles and cliff lines along the Great Dividing Range from about 100 km north-west of Brisbane to northern Victoria, in vegetation ranging from rainforest to dry sclerophyll forests. Populations have declined seriously in the south and west of its range, but it remains locally common in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. However, due to a large bushfire event in South-East Australia around 70% of all the wallaby's habitat has been lost as of January 2020.

In 2018, the southern brush-tailed rock wallaby was declared as the official mammal emblem of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), although it has not been seen in the wild in the ACT since 1959.

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Petrogale penicillata ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El walabí cola cepillo de las rocas (Petrogale penicillata), es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Macropodidae que habita en bosques de áreas rocosas y escarpadas de la Gran Cordillera Divisoria, desde cerca de 100 km al noroccidente de Brisbane al norte de Victoria, hasta Queensland.

Características

Su cuerpo alcanza una longitud de 50 a 60 cm, su cola de aproximadamente 60 cm de largo y su peso está entre los 3 y 9 kg. Su pelambre es de color marrón rojizo o bronceado. La cola y las manos son negras y el pecho, los hombros y la cabeza son grises a negruzcos.

Se alimenta de hierbas (35 a 50%), semillas, hojas, raíces, cortezas y las frutos.

La gestación dura aproximadamente 31 días. La hembra pare una sola cría, que permanece unas 29 semanas en el marsupio. La madurez sexual ocurre a los 18 meses en la hembra y a los 20 meses en el macho.

Población

El número de especímenes ha declinado seriamente en Victoria, al sur y occidente de su hábitat tradicional, pero sigue siendo común en Nueva Gales del Sur y al sur de Queensland.[3]

 src=
Petrogale penicillata

Como parte del movimiento de aclimatación en boga a finales del siglo XIX, el gobernador general de Nueva Zelanda, George Grey, introdujo ésta y otras cuatro especies de walabies, incluido el raro walabí parma, a las islas del Golfo Hauraki, cerca de Auckland, donde proliferaron. Recientemente, la población de estas especies introducidas ha sido considerada como una plaga, por su severo impacto sobre la flora y fauna nativas y debido a ello se está llevando a cabo su erradicación y reubicación, que ya han sido completada en las islas de Rangitoto y Motutapu y están en curso en la isla de Kawau.[4]​ En 2003 cuatro especímenes fueron relocalizados en el Parque de Conservación de Waterfall Springs, cerca de Sídney.[5]​ Por otra parte, una pareja que estaba cautiva, escapó en 1916 y dio origen a la pequeña población de la especie que existe en la isla de Oahu, Hawái.[6]

Conservación

La especie se considera como vulnerable, y muestra una tendencia de población decreciente. Las mayores amenazas provienen de la predación y competencia con especies introducidas, y la pérdida de hábitat debido al uso agrícola de su territorio.[2]

Referencias

  1. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 68. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. a b Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A.A. (2016). «Petrogale penicillata». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2019.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 6 de agosto de 2019.
  3. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  4. Mowbray, S. 2002. Eradication of introduced Australian marsupials (brushtail possum and brushtailed rock wallaby) from Rangitoto and Motutapu Islands, New Zealand. In Veitch, C. R. and Clout, M. N. (eds.). Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species, pp. 226-232. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group.IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  5. Linda Vergnani. Captive Breeding Bandicoots and Brush-tailed Rock-wallabies Archivado el 21 de agosto de 2008 en Wayback Machine. (http://fnpw.org.au/). Revisado en 17/08/2008
  6. Eldridge & Browning. Molecular genetic analysis of the naturalized Hawaiian population of the Brush-tailes Rock-wallaby, Petrogale Penicilata (Marsupalia: Macropodidae. Journal of Mammalogy Volume 83, Issue 2 (May 2002) pp. 437–444 Abstract

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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

El walabí cola cepillo de las rocas (Petrogale penicillata), es una especie de marsupial diprotodonto de la familia Macropodidae que habita en bosques de áreas rocosas y escarpadas de la Gran Cordillera Divisoria, desde cerca de 100 km al noroccidente de Brisbane al norte de Victoria, hasta Queensland.

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Petrogale penicillata ( Baskça )

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Petrogale penicillata Petrogale generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Macropodinae azpifamilia eta Macropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Gray (1827) 3 In Griffith et al. plate only. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Petrogale penicillata Petrogale generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Macropodinae azpifamilia eta Macropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Kalliovallabi ( Fince )

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Kalliovallabi (Petrogale penicillata) on Australiassa elävä kenguruiden heimoon kuuluva pienikokoinen eläin.

Kalliovallabi kasvaa 50–60 cm pitkäksi, minkä lisäksi sillä on itsensä mittainen häntä. Uros painaa 5–11 kg, naaras on vähän pienempi.[2]

Kalliovallabi on kotoperäinen laji Australian eteläosassa. Suurin osa maailman kalliovallabeista elää Macleay- ja Clarencejoen rotkolaaksoissa. Se on luokiteltu vaarantuneeksi lajiksi, koska vieraslajit kuten vuohet kilpailevat sen kanssa ravinnosta, kun taas toiset vieraslajit, lähinnä ketut, saalistavat sitä.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A.A.: Petrogale penicillata IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. 2016. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 6.9.2016. (englanniksi)
  2. Brush-tailed rock wallaby description ARKive. Viitattu 12.7.2014.
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Kalliovallabi: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Kalliovallabi (Petrogale penicillata) on Australiassa elävä kenguruiden heimoon kuuluva pienikokoinen eläin.

Kalliovallabi kasvaa 50–60 cm pitkäksi, minkä lisäksi sillä on itsensä mittainen häntä. Uros painaa 5–11 kg, naaras on vähän pienempi.

Kalliovallabi on kotoperäinen laji Australian eteläosassa. Suurin osa maailman kalliovallabeista elää Macleay- ja Clarencejoen rotkolaaksoissa. Se on luokiteltu vaarantuneeksi lajiksi, koska vieraslajit kuten vuohet kilpailevat sen kanssa ravinnosta, kun taas toiset vieraslajit, lähinnä ketut, saalistavat sitä.

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Petrogale penicillata ( Fransızca )

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Petrogale penicillata est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Macropodidés. Il habite les tas de roches et les falaises de la cordillère australienne depuis environ 100 km au nord-ouest de Brisbane jusqu'au nord du Victoria, dans une végétation allant de la forêt tropicale aux forêts sèches sclérophylles. Les populations ont sérieusement diminué dans le sud et l'ouest de son aire de répartition, mais il reste localement commun dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et le sud du Queensland.

En raison de l'évasion d'un zoo en 1916, une petite population de ce wallaby vit en liberté à Oahu aux Hawaï.

Galerie

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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Petrogale penicillata est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Macropodidés. Il habite les tas de roches et les falaises de la cordillère australienne depuis environ 100 km au nord-ouest de Brisbane jusqu'au nord du Victoria, dans une végétation allant de la forêt tropicale aux forêts sèches sclérophylles. Les populations ont sérieusement diminué dans le sud et l'ouest de son aire de répartition, mais il reste localement commun dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et le sud du Queensland.

En raison de l'évasion d'un zoo en 1916, une petite population de ce wallaby vit en liberté à Oahu aux Hawaï.

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Petrogale penicillata ( İtalyanca )

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Il wallaby delle rocce dalla coda a spazzola (Petrogale penicillata Gray, 1827), noto anche come wallaby delle rocce dalle orecchie piccole, è una delle sedici specie di wallaby delle rocce del genere Petrogale. Vive sulle rocce e tra le rupi della Grande Catena Divisoria, da 100 km circa a nord-est di Brisbane al Victoria settentrionale, in habitat che spaziano dalla foresta pluviale alle foreste di sclerofille aride. Il numero di esemplari di questo wallaby si è ridotto notevolmente nelle regioni meridionali e occidentali dell'areale, ma rimane piuttosto alto nel Nuovo Galles del Sud settentrionale e nel Queensland meridionale[3].

Introduzione in altri luoghi

Durante il periodo in cui imperversava il movimento di acclimatizzazione, alla fine dell'800, il governatore Grey introdusse questa ed altre quattro specie di wallaby (tra cui il raro wallaby parma) su alcune isole del Golfo di Hauraki, nei pressi di Auckland (Nuova Zelanda), dove proliferarono con successo. In tempi moderni, queste popolazioni sono state viste come specie esotiche nocive che hanno avuto un severo impatto su flora e fauna indigene. Proprio per questo è stato intrapreso un piano di eliminazione. I wallaby sono già stati eliminati dalle isole di Rangitoto e Motutapu, mentre su Kawau il progetto è tuttora in corso.

Nel 2003, alcuni wallaby delle rocce dalla coda a spazzola provenienti da Kawau sono stati trasferiti nel Parco di Conservazione di Waterfall, a nord di Sydney, nel Nuovo Galles del Sud, per portare avanti un progetto di riproduzione in cattività.

In seguito alla fuga di una coppia avvenuta negli anni '20, una piccola popolazione di questi animali è presente anche sull'isola di Oahu, alle Hawaii.

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby.jpg

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Petrogale penicillata, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Petrogale penicillata, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X

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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı

Il wallaby delle rocce dalla coda a spazzola (Petrogale penicillata Gray, 1827), noto anche come wallaby delle rocce dalle orecchie piccole, è una delle sedici specie di wallaby delle rocce del genere Petrogale. Vive sulle rocce e tra le rupi della Grande Catena Divisoria, da 100 km circa a nord-est di Brisbane al Victoria settentrionale, in habitat che spaziano dalla foresta pluviale alle foreste di sclerofille aride. Il numero di esemplari di questo wallaby si è ridotto notevolmente nelle regioni meridionali e occidentali dell'areale, ma rimane piuttosto alto nel Nuovo Galles del Sud settentrionale e nel Queensland meridionale.

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Petrogale penicillata ( Latince )

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Petrogale penicillata (binomen a Gray inventum anno 1837), (Anglice: brush-tailed rock-wallaby; small-eared rock-wallaby) est animal Marsupiale herbivorum Australianum.

Pinacotheca

Nexus externi

Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Petrogale penicillata" apud Vicispecies.
Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Petrogale penicillata spectant (Petrogale, Petrogale penicillata).

Notae

  • Sakai, Tatsuo, et E. W. van Lennep. 1984. The Harderian Gland in Australian Marsupials. Journal of Mammalogy 65(1):159–162.
stipula Haec stipula ad biologiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!
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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( Latince )

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Petrogale penicillata (binomen a Gray inventum anno 1837), (Anglice: brush-tailed rock-wallaby; small-eared rock-wallaby) est animal Marsupiale herbivorum Australianum.

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Kuplastes klinšu valabijs ( Letonca )

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Kuplastes klinšu valabijs jeb kuplastes klinšķengurs (Petrogale penicillata) ir ķenguru dzimtas (Macropodidae) somainis, kas piemērojies dzīvei Austrālijas Lielās Ūdensšķirtnes grēdas klintīs un akmeņu krāvumos.

Izplatība

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Kuplastes klinšu valabijs mājo tikai Austrālijas austrumos, Lielās Ūdensšķirtnes grēdas klintīs
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Kuplastes klinšu valabijiem ir salīdzinoši garspalvains kažoks
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Lielākajai daļai uz sāniem redzamas tumši pelēka un gaiši pelēka garenvirziena joslas

Kuplastes klinšu valabijs dzīvo Austrālijas dienvidaustrumos, Lielās Ūdensšķirtnes grēdas klinšu nogāzēs, areālam sākoties apmēram 100 km no Brisbenas ziemeļrietumu virzienā un turpinoties līdz Viktorijas ziemeļu daļai. Apdzīvotie biotopi ir ļoti dažādi. Tie ir gan lietus meži, gan sausās stepes, kurās galvenokārt aug grīšļi un citi aslapu augi. Izplatības areāla rietumos un dienvidos valabiju skaits ir ievērojami samazinājies, līdz ar to šajos reģionos suga ir apdraudēta.[1] Salīdzinoši apmierinošs populācijas stāvoklis ir Jaundienvidvelsā un Kvīnslendas dienvidos.[2]

Introdukcijas

1800. gadu beigās ģenerālgubernators Džordžs Grejs Jaunzēlandes Ziemeļsalas Hauraki līča saliņās ieveda četras dažādas valabiju sugas, kuplastes klinšu valabiju ieskaitot. Visas četras sugas ir labi iedzīvojušās un izveidojušas stabilas populācijas. Mūsdienās valabiji tiek vērtēti kā eksotiski kaitēkļi, kas blīvās populācijas dēļ nelabvēlīgi ietekmē saliņu floru un faunu.

Tā kā Austrālijā valabiju izdzīvošana jau 20. gadsimta vidū dažviet kļuva kritiski apdraudēta, tad laikā no 1967. līdz 1975. gadam Kavau salā tika noķerti vairāki tūkstoši valabiju, to skaitā 210 klinšu valabiji, un izvesti uz Austrāliju.[3] 1990. gados klinšu valabiji pilnībā tika izvesti no Ranitoto un Motutapu salām. Arī 2000. gados Kavau salā turpinās valabiju izķeršana un izvešana.[4] Daļa kuplastes klinšu valabiju 2003. gadā no Kavau salas tika aizvesti uz nacionālo parku Sidnejas tuvumā, lai pavairotu šo sugu nebrīves apstākļos.[5]

Oahu salā (Havaju salas) 1916. gadā no zoodārza izbēga daži kuplastes klinšu valabiji, kas uz salas izveidojuši nelielu savvaļas populāciju.

Izskats

Kuplastes klinšu valabijs ir neliela auguma ķengurs. Tēviņi ir nedaudz lielāki nekā mātītes. Ķermeņa garums ir 48—59 cm, astes garums 50–70 cm, tēviņa svars 5—11 kg, mātītes 4–9 kg.[1][6] Aste gara, nedaudz garāka nekā ķermenis ar galvu kopā, cilindrveidīga, pūkaina, ļoti lokana un lēcienos kalpo kā stūre. Pakaļkājām, kas piemērotas lēkāšanai pa klintīm, ir stipri nagi, kustīgi pirksti un pēdas ar platiem, bieziem un elastīgiem spilventiņiem. Areāla ziemeļos dzīvojošie kuplastes klinšu valabiji ir nedaudz mazāki, kā arī to astes ir mazāk pūkainas.[1]

Kažoks biezs, mīksts un salīdzinoši garspalvains, īpaši uz ķermeņa un astes apakšā. Mugurpuse parasti ir pelēkbrūna, bet pavēdere sarkanbrūna. Uz sāniem tipiskas tumši pelēka un gaiši pelēka garenvirziena joslas, kas nodala pelēcīgo muguru no rudākās pavēderes, tomēr ne visiem īpatņiem ir šīs joslas. Aste parasti ir tumši brūna vai melna.[6] Populācijām, kas dzīvo Jaundienvidvelsas austrumu daļā, ir biezāka aste un tumši brūns apmatojums, kas dzīvniekus lieliski maskē apkārtējā vidē. Mātītei ir vēdera soma, kas atvērta uz priekšpusi, somā ir četri zīdekļi.[6]

Uzvedība

 src=
Kuplastes klinšu valabiji neticami veikli pārvietojas pa klintīm ne tikai dienā, bet arī naktīs

Kuplastes klinšu valabiji ir sabiedriski dzīvnieki, tie veido nelielas kolonijas (5—7 pieaugušie īpatņi), kurā valda stingra hierarhija. Katram valabijam (gan tēviņam, gan mātītei) ir sava teritorija. Tēviņa teritorija var pārklāties ar vienas vai divu mātīšu teritorijām.[6] Tēviņi viens ar otru cenšas ievērot distanci, vismaz 5 metru attālumu. Ja tie atrodas viens otram tuvāk, diezgan drīz izceļas agresīvs kautiņš. Jaunie tēviņi drīz pēc tam, kad tie ir pārtraukuši zīst pienu, tiek no kolonijas padzīti. Nebrīvē tas var arī nozīmēt jaunā tēviņa nogalināšanu, ja tam nav kur aizbēgt. Mātītes ir daudz draudzīgākas un parasti pacieš citas mātītes tuvumu. Radniecīgas mātītes ļoti bieži kopīgi atpūšas vienā slēptuvē, viena otrai palīdzot sakopt un iztīrīt kažoku.[1] Tēviņu teritorija ir lielāka nekā mātītei. Jo dominantāks tēviņš, jo lielāka teritorija.[1]

Kuplastes klinšu valabijs ir aktīvs galvenokārt krēslā un naktī. Tumsas aizsegā tas neticami veikli pārvietojas pa klintīm un akmens krāvumiem, kāpelējot pa stāvām nogāzēm un droši lecot pāri pat vairākus metrus platām aizām. Tie spēj uzkāpt arī kokos, ja tie aug slīpi.[7] Iestājoties krēslai, valabijs pamet klinšu aizsegu, lai atrastu piemērotu barošanās vietu ar krūmiem un zāli. Dienas laikā tas atpūšas ēnainās vietās, slēpjoties alās, zem akmeņiem un klinšu pārkarēm. Slēptuves ne tikai pasargā valabiju no saules, bet arī no plēsējiem, piemēram, dingo, lapsām, kaķiem un lielajiem plēsīgajiem putniem.[6] Par ieeju šo dzīvnieku slēpņos parasti liecina gludas virsmas klinšu virsmas, kuras nogludinājušas neskaitāmas valabiju paaudzes. Ja valabiji pamana briesmas, viņi uz mirkli sastingst, bet pēc tam kā truši vairākkārt sit pakaļkājas pret zemi, tādejādi brīdinot savus bara locekļus. Briesmu brīžos kuplastes klinšu valabijii bēg, veicot garus lēcienus.[7]

Barība

Karstākajās vasaras dienās kuplastes klinšu valabijs barojas ne tikai ar zāli un krūmu zariem, bet arī ar sulīgāku koku mizu un saknēm, kas tos nodrošina ar nepeiciešamo mitrumu, tādējādi valabiji var ilgstoši iztikt bez ūdens resursa.[6]

Vairošanās

Kuplastes klinšu valabiji var sapāroties visa gada periodā, parasti sapārojoties uzreiz pēc mazuļa dzimšanas. Embrija attīstība tiek aizturēta, līdz mātītei atbrīvojas soma. Līdzko jaunais valabijs atšķiras no mātes, embrijs sāk attīstīties,[1] un grūsnības periods ilgst 30 dienas.[6] Pārojas tikai vienas kolonijas īpatņi.[1] Tēviņš sapārojas ar vairākām mātītēm, bet mātīte pārojas tikai ar vienu tēviņu, līdz tas no kolonijas pazūd. Piedzimst viens mazulis, kuram vēl nav attīstījušās acis, pakaļkājas un aste. Sīciņais mazulitis uzreiz pēc piedzimšanas, pieķeroties pie mātes kažoka, ierāpo somā, kur tas paliek 6 mēnešus. Pēc tam turpinās 7—20 dienu periods, kurā mazulis gan ielien, gan izlien no somas. Jaunajam valabijam sasniedzot 9 mēnešu vecumu, māte pārtrauc to zīdīt.[6] Mātītes dzimumbriedumu sasniedz 18 mēnešu vecumā, tēviņi 20 mēnešu vecumā.[1] Savvaļā kuplastes klinšu valabijs dzīvo 5—10 gadus.[6]

Aizsardzība

Kuplastes klinšu valabija galvenais ienaidnieks ir rudā lapsa, kuru eiropieši Austrālijā ieveda 19. gadsimtā. Tās, salīdzinot ar dingo, nogalina ļoti daudz valabiju un citu mazo somaiņu. Populāciju lielumu 19. gadsimta beigās un 20. gadsimta sākumā ietekmēja arī intensīvās kuplastes klinšu valabiju medības, lai iegūtu to mīkstās kažokādas. Medību rezultātā daudzās izplatības areāla daļās dzīvnieks ir kļuvis ļoti rets, bet dažviet pilnīgi iznīcināts.[7] Mūsdienās ir ieviesti dažādi kuplastes klinšu valabiju aizsardzības pasākumi, izveidoti nacionālie parki, kuros suga tiek pavairota nebrīves apstākļos. Valabiji tiek ievesti arī no Jaunzēlandes salām un palaisti brīvībā retāk apdzīvotos reģionos.

Atsauces

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 Animal Diversity Web: Petrogale penicillata
  2. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  3. Management of North Island weka and wallabies on Kawau Island
  4. Rock wallabies, Catalyst (ABC). 4 March 2004. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  5. «Saving the Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2008. gada 19. jūlijā. Skatīts: 2012. gada 2. martā.
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6 6,7 6,8 «ARKive: Brush-tailed rock wallaby (Petrogale penicillata)». Arhivēts no oriģināla, laiks: 2015. gada 12. septembrī. Skatīts: 2015. gada 1. decembrī.
  7. 7,0 7,1 7,2 Dzīvnieku pasaulē, Izdevējs UAB IMP BALTIC, 76 karte, ISBN 9986-9333-7-4

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Kuplastes klinšu valabijs: Brief Summary ( Letonca )

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Kuplastes klinšu valabijs jeb kuplastes klinšķengurs (Petrogale penicillata) ir ķenguru dzimtas (Macropodidae) somainis, kas piemērojies dzīvei Austrālijas Lielās Ūdensšķirtnes grēdas klintīs un akmeņu krāvumos.

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Kwaststaartrotskangoeroe ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De kwaststaartrotskangoeroe (Petrogale penicillata) is een kangoeroe uit het geslacht der rotskangoeroes (Petrogale) die voorkomt in Zuidoost-Australië. Deze soort is voornamelijk 's nachts actief en eet grassen en andere planten.

Uiterlijk

De kwaststaartrotskangoeroe is een donkere rotskangoeroe met een dikke, ruige vacht. De bovenkant is roodbruin (grijsbruin bij de schouders), de onderkant wat lichter. De ledematen zijn deels zwart. De bovenkant van het hoofd is donkerbruin, met daaronder een witte streep over de wangen. De oren zijn van buiten zwart en van binnen geelbruin. Van het voorhoofd tot ergens op de rug is een donkere rugstreep te zien. Achter de armen zit een zwarte vlek. De lange staart is donker van kleur. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 510 tot 580 mm, de staartlengte 500 tot 700 mm en het gewicht 5000 tot 11000 g. Het karyotype bedraagt 2n=22.

Verspreiding

De kwaststaartrotskangoeroe komt voor in Zuidoost-Australië van de omgeving van Brisbane (Zuidoost-Queensland) tot de Grampians (West-Victoria) en het nationale park Warrumbungle in het midden van Nieuw-Zuid-Wales.

Aan het einde van de negentiende eeuw is de kwaststaartrotskangoeroe samen met vier andere kangoeroesoorten (de moeraswallaby, de bennettwallaby, de tammarwallaby en de parmawallaby) door gouverneur George Edward Grey geïntroduceerd op enkele eilanden in de Hauraki Golf nabij Auckland in Nieuw-Zeeland. Tegenwoordig worden de kangoeroes daar gezien als schadelijk voor de lokale flora en fauna en worden er bestrijdingsmaatregelen genomen. De kangoeroes zijn inmiddels verdwenen van Rangitoto-eiland en de Motutapu-eilanden en op Kawau-eiland duurt de bestrijding nog voort. In de jaren twintig van de twintigste eeuw zijn ook enkele kwaststaartrotskangoeroes ontsnapt op het eiland Oahu van Hawaï, waar nu nog steeds een kleine populatie leeft.

Literatuur

  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Diprotodontia. Pp. 43-70 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Kwaststaartrotskangoeroe: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De kwaststaartrotskangoeroe (Petrogale penicillata) is een kangoeroe uit het geslacht der rotskangoeroes (Petrogale) die voorkomt in Zuidoost-Australië. Deze soort is voornamelijk 's nachts actief en eet grassen en andere planten.

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Skalniak brązowoogonowy ( Lehçe )

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Skalniak brązowoogonowy[3] (Petrogale penicillata) – gatunek torbacza z rodziny kangurowatych (Macropodidae).

Ma ciemnobrązowy grzbiet, jaśniejszy brzuch i pierś, rudy zad i czarne włochate stopy. Ogon ciemnieje ku końcowi i na końcu jest pęk włosów. sierść jest długa i gruba szczególnie w okolicy zadu, po bokach i u nasady ogona. zwierzęta z północy są zwykle jaśniejsze i maja krótszy pędzelek na ogonie. Maja długie ogony, nieco dłuższe niż całe ciało.

Gatunek inwazyjny[4].

Dane liczbowe

  • Długość: 45-58,6 cm (przeciętnie 55,7 cm – samce i 53,6 samice)
  • Długość ogona: 40-70 cm (średnio: samce: 61,1 cm, samice: 56,3 cm)
  • Masa ciała: do 4-10,9 kg
  • Długość życia: 14 lat (przeciętnie 11 lat)
  • Długość ciąży: 31 dni
  • Czas przebywania młodych w torbie: 29 tygodni
  • Liczba młodych: 1

Występowanie i środowisko

Skalniaki brązowoogonowe występowały kiedyś we wschodniej Australii, obecnie występują w południowym Queenslandzie, Nowej Południowej Walii i w dwóch miejscach w Wiktorii.

Żyje na skałach, blisko terenów trawiastych, często w otwartych lasach. Lubi tereny z licznymi półkami, jaskiniami i zagłębieniami. Zwykle zamieszkuje północna stronę ze względu na położenie słońca rano i wieczorem. Niegdyś szeroko rozpowszechniony i liczny był spotykany na terenach skalistych w różnych środowiskach włączając wąwozy lasów deszczowych, suche i wilgotne lasy.

Odżywianie

Głównie trawa porastająca wzgórza lub parowy górskie (0- 35-50% diety). Uzupełniają dietę liśćmi, turzycami, paprociami, korą drzew i korzonkami, owocami, nasionami i kwiatami. Wola żerować w miejscach z niską zieloną trawą. Występuje niewielka sezonowość w ich diecie. Względnie, proporcje różnych typów jedzenia nie bardzo się różnią wśród regionu w jednym okresie wegetacji. To sugeruje określone preferencje pokarmowe z niewielkim sezonowym deficytem. Maja szerokie upodobania kulinarne. Są odporne na susze i konkurencje z wyspecjalizowanymi roślinożercami.

Zachowanie

Są zwierzętami socjalnymi, zwykle tworzą małe kolonie z hierarchia. Jednostki mają nakładające się terytoria z dodatkowym miejscem na legowisko. Samice są towarzyskie, zwykle dzielą legowisko z innymi samicami i dbają o siebie nawzajem. Są przywiązane do swojego środowiska. Jedna z obserwowanych populacji utrzymywała w czasie dobrych i złych lat populacje składającą się z 5-7 osobników poprzez brutalne odrzucanie młodych wkrótce po odstawieniu od piersi. W niewoli to oznacza, że te młode mogą zostać zabite jeśli nie uciekną z zamknięcia. Samce rzadko przebywają w odległości mniejszej niż 5 m od siebie inaczej niemal zawsze kończy się to brutalną interakcją. Samice są bardziej tolerancyjne na bliskie sąsiedztwo innych samic ale mogą przeganiać inne samice i samce podlotki z sąsiedztwa swojego legowiska.

Jedno zwierzę gryzie i liże futro innego co może służyć do wzmocnienia statusu dominacyjnego. Używają głosów: syczący, kaszlący głos. Innymi zachowaniami są wpatrywanie się i agresywne zachowanie, dźganie nosem. Samce mogą sprawdzać potencjalne partnerki przez podejście i wąchanie zadu lub kloaki.

Dorosłe samce mają zwykle znacznie większe nocne terytoria niż samice, prawdopodobnie ze względu na większe zapotrzebowanie energetyczne lub ze względu na zwiększenie swoich szans rozrodczych. Jest kilka dowodów, że dorosłe samce popozostawiają znaki zapachowe na swoim terytorium. Wysokie poziomy zachodzenia na siebie terytorium występują prawdopodobnie ze względu na rozproszenie zasobów co prowadzi do agregacji źródeł schronień.

Rozmnażanie

W warunkach dostępności pożywienia kangury te rozmnażają się przez cały rok. W kojarzenie zaangażowane są tylko samice i samce, które miały założone schronienia. Znaczącą cechą jest bliski i regularny związek między samcami strzegącymi schronienia a samicami, które wykorzystują jego schronienia. Para taka wzajemne dba o siebie i wykazuje wzajemną tolerancję.

Kojarzenie występuje wkrótce po połogu. Rozwój zarodka jest opóźniony do czasu, aż torba będzie wolna. Ciąża trwa 31 dni, po których rodzi się jedno młode i przytwierdza do 1 z 4 sutków w torbie. Pozostaje tu przez 29 tyg potem żywi się mlekiem przez 3 m-ce. U zwierząt schwytanych, jajeczkowanie było zwykle zauważane tego samego dnia co narodziny, czasami w ciągu kilku godzin. Samice są dojrzałe w wieku 18 miesięcy a samce 20 miesięcy.

Ciekawostka

  • Niegdyś odstrzeliwane jako szkodniki.
  • Potrafiły przedostawać się do sadów (tylko kilku metrowe ploty odgradzające mogły w tym przeszkodzić).

Przypisy

  1. Petrogale penicillata, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Petrogale penicillata. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2015, s. 297. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. GISD, www.issg.org [dostęp 2017-11-26] .

Bibliografia

  • Bachynski, K. & P. Myers: Petrogale penicillata (ang.). (On-line), Animal Diversity Web, 2006. [dostęp 2011].
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Skalniak brązowoogonowy: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

wikipedia POL tarafından sağlandı

Skalniak brązowoogonowy (Petrogale penicillata) – gatunek torbacza z rodziny kangurowatych (Macropodidae).

Ma ciemnobrązowy grzbiet, jaśniejszy brzuch i pierś, rudy zad i czarne włochate stopy. Ogon ciemnieje ku końcowi i na końcu jest pęk włosów. sierść jest długa i gruba szczególnie w okolicy zadu, po bokach i u nasady ogona. zwierzęta z północy są zwykle jaśniejsze i maja krótszy pędzelek na ogonie. Maja długie ogony, nieco dłuższe niż całe ciało.

Gatunek inwazyjny.

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Petrogale penicillata ( Portekizce )

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Petrogale penicillata é uma espécie de marsupial da família Macropodidae.

Endêmica da Austrália.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Diprotodontia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 43-70.
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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Petrogale penicillata é uma espécie de marsupial da família Macropodidae.

Endêmica da Austrália.

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Valabia tmavochvostá ( Slovakça )

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Petrogale penicillata - Gould.jpg
Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby.jpg

Valabia tmavochvostá (Petrogale penicillata) je druh cicavca z čeľade kengurovitých.

Základné dáta

Valabia tmavochvostá je dlhá 50 - 60 cm a chvost je dlhý 50 - 70 cm. Váži 5 - 11 kg.

Výskyt

Vyskytuje sa prevažne na juhovýchode Austrálie.

Iné projekty

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Valabia tmavochvostá: Brief Summary ( Slovakça )

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Petrogale penicillata - Gould.jpg Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby.jpg

Valabia tmavochvostá (Petrogale penicillata) je druh cicavca z čeľade kengurovitých.

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Petrogale penicillata ( İsveççe )

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Petrogale penicillata[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Alan Maurice Gray 1827. Petrogale penicillata ingår i släktet klippkänguruer och familjen kängurudjur.[9][10] Inga underarter finns listade.[9]

Arten blir 51 till 58,5 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 50 till 70 cm lång svans och väger 4,7 till 10,9 kg. Ovansidan är huvudsakligen täckt av mörkbrun till mörkgrå päls med inslag av röd. På halsen och på axlarna är pälsen mera grå. Typisk är ljusa strimmor på kinderna och den yviga svansspetsen. På bröstet finns vanligen en krämvit fläck.[11]

Pungdjuret förekommer i östra Australien. Arten vistas i klippiga regioner som är täckta av regnskog eller mera öppna habitat. Individerna bildar grupper med upp till 30 medlemmar. En mindre population infördes på Hawaii och en annan population i Nya Zeeland. Den senare finns inte kvar.[1]

Petrogale penicillata är främst aktiv under skymningen och gryningen. Den gömmer sig på dagen i större bergssprickor eller i andra håligheter. Födan utgörs främst av gräs och örter som kompletteras med blommor, frön och frukter. Dräktigheten varar cirka 31 dagar och de nyfödda ungarna stannar i genomsnitt 204 dagar i pungen (marsupium). Efter ungefär 18 månader blir honor könsmogna. I norra delen av utbredningsområdet uppstår ibland hybrider med Petrogale herberti.[11]

Ungdjur jagas av introducerade rödrävar och med getter har nya konkurrenter tillkommit. Fram till mitten av 1900-talet jagades arten intensiv av människor vad som minskade beståndet. I viss mån kan även landskapsförändringar påverka populationen. Enligt uppskattningar minskade beståndet under 21 år före 2016 med upp till 30 procent. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] Woinarski, J. & Burbidge, A.A. 2016 Petrogale penicillata Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2017-05-11.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ (1998) , website Petrogale penicillata, Mammal Species of the World
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (1991) , Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.
  9. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  10. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  11. ^ [a b] Curtis, Lee K. (2012). ”Brush-tailed rock-wallaby”. Queensland's Threatened Animals. Csiro Publishing. sid. 358

Externa länkar

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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Petrogale penicillata är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Alan Maurice Gray 1827. Petrogale penicillata ingår i släktet klippkänguruer och familjen kängurudjur. Inga underarter finns listade.

Arten blir 51 till 58,5 cm lång (huvud och bål), har en 50 till 70 cm lång svans och väger 4,7 till 10,9 kg. Ovansidan är huvudsakligen täckt av mörkbrun till mörkgrå päls med inslag av röd. På halsen och på axlarna är pälsen mera grå. Typisk är ljusa strimmor på kinderna och den yviga svansspetsen. På bröstet finns vanligen en krämvit fläck.

Pungdjuret förekommer i östra Australien. Arten vistas i klippiga regioner som är täckta av regnskog eller mera öppna habitat. Individerna bildar grupper med upp till 30 medlemmar. En mindre population infördes på Hawaii och en annan population i Nya Zeeland. Den senare finns inte kvar.

Petrogale penicillata är främst aktiv under skymningen och gryningen. Den gömmer sig på dagen i större bergssprickor eller i andra håligheter. Födan utgörs främst av gräs och örter som kompletteras med blommor, frön och frukter. Dräktigheten varar cirka 31 dagar och de nyfödda ungarna stannar i genomsnitt 204 dagar i pungen (marsupium). Efter ungefär 18 månader blir honor könsmogna. I norra delen av utbredningsområdet uppstår ibland hybrider med Petrogale herberti.

Ungdjur jagas av introducerade rödrävar och med getter har nya konkurrenter tillkommit. Fram till mitten av 1900-talet jagades arten intensiv av människor vad som minskade beståndet. I viss mån kan även landskapsförändringar påverka populationen. Enligt uppskattningar minskade beståndet under 21 år före 2016 med upp till 30 procent. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.

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Petrogale penicillata ( Ukraynaca )

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Поширення

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby.jpg

Ендемік південно-східної Австралії, живе у структурно-складних, кам'янистих місцях існування в різних рослинних ландшафтах від щільних лісів до сухих склерофільних або рідколісся.

Наприкінці 1800-х років вид було інтродуковано до Нової Зеландії.

Опис

Вид зустрічається у вигляді невеликих колоній, які захищають власну територію: як правило, менш ніж 30 особин, іноді й більше. У колоніях серед самців встановлюється ієрархія за допомогою боїв. Статева зрілість у самців на 20–24-му місяці; у самиць — на 18 місяці. Вагітність триває 21 добу; Вигодовування молоком — 230 діб. Вага 5.8–7.5 кг. Диплоїдний набір хромосом, 2n=22. Цікавинка: одна особина жила в неволі 14 років і 5 місяців.

Загрози та охорона

Дані щодо загроз відсутні. Хижацтво введеними лисицями і конкуренція з введеними козами, ймовірно, є найсерйознішими загрозами. Включений в список зникаючих видів відповідно до австралійських законів. Трапляється в багатьох природоохоронних територіях.

Джерела

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Petrogale penicillata ( Vietnamca )

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Petrogale penicillata là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Macropodidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1827.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Taggart, D., Menkhorst, P. & Lunney, D. (2008). Petrogale penicillata. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as near threatened
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Petrogale penicillata”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Petrogale penicillata: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Petrogale penicillata là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Macropodidae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1827.

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Кистехвостый скальный валлаби ( Rusça )

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Латинское название Petrogale penicillata
(Gray, 1827)
Ареал
изображение

wikispecies:
Систематика
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Изображения
на Викискладе

ITIS 179924 NCBI 54088 Международная Красная книга
Status iucn3.1 VU ru.svg
Уязвимые виды
IUCN 3.1 Vulnerable: 16746

Кистехвостый скальный валлаби[1], или кистехвостый каменный кенгуру[2], или щёткохвостый каменный валлаби[2] (лат. Petrogale penicillata)[3] — это вид валлаби, один из нескольких видов рода скальных валлаби. Он населяет скалистые участки горных хребтов, а также скалистые холмы с крутыми склонами. Обитает вдоль Большого Водораздельного Хребта, как в дождевых лесах, так и в сухих жестколистных лесах средиземноморского типа. Северная граница ареала проходит приблизительно в 100 км к северу от Брисбена, южная находится в северной части штата Виктория. Популяция этого вида серьёзно сократилась в южной и западной частях ареала, однако на севере Нового Южного Уэльса и на юге Квинсленда кистехвостый скальный валлаби остаётся распространённым[4]. В списках МСОП охранный статус этого вида формулируется как «близкий к состоянию угрозы»[5].

Акклиматизация за пределами первоначального ареала

В конце 1800-х по инициативе Джорджа Эдварда Грэя, генерал-губернатора Новой Зеландии, кистехвостый скальный валлаби и ещё 4 вида валлаби (в том числе и тогда уже редкий пармсий валлаби) были акклиматизированы на островах в заливе Хаураки, недалеко от Окленда, Новая Зеландия. Они хорошо прижились на новом месте. Эта популяция существует и в настоящее время, причём оказывает серьёзное разрушительное воздействие на аборигенные для островов виды растений и животных. В результате люди стали вывозить валлаби с этих островов. Валлаби уже вывезены с островов Рангитото и Мотутапу, планируется их вывоз с острова Кавау.

В 2003 часть кистехвостых скальных валлаби с острова Кавау была перевезена в заповедник Вотерфолл Спринс (англ. «Waterfall Springs Conservation Park»), расположенный в Новом Южном Уэльсе, к северу от Сиднея. Здесь предполагается разводить их в условиях неволи.

Небольшая размножающаяся популяция кистехвостых скальных валлаби существует и на острове Оаху в группе Гавайских островов. Эта популяция происходит от одной пары, сбежавшей из неволи в 1920-х.

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby.jpg

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 436. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  2. 1 2 Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 24. — 10 000 экз.
  3. ^ Groves, C. (2005). Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M, eds. ed. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 68.ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X
  5. Taggart, D., Menkhorst, P. & Lunney, D. (2008). Petrogale penicillata. In:IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 29 December 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as near threatened
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Кистехвостый скальный валлаби: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Кистехвостый скальный валлаби, или кистехвостый каменный кенгуру, или щёткохвостый каменный валлаби (лат. Petrogale penicillata) — это вид валлаби, один из нескольких видов рода скальных валлаби. Он населяет скалистые участки горных хребтов, а также скалистые холмы с крутыми склонами. Обитает вдоль Большого Водораздельного Хребта, как в дождевых лесах, так и в сухих жестколистных лесах средиземноморского типа. Северная граница ареала проходит приблизительно в 100 км к северу от Брисбена, южная находится в северной части штата Виктория. Популяция этого вида серьёзно сократилась в южной и западной частях ареала, однако на севере Нового Южного Уэльса и на юге Квинсленда кистехвостый скальный валлаби остаётся распространённым. В списках МСОП охранный статус этого вида формулируется как «близкий к состоянию угрозы».

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オグロイワワラビー ( Japonca )

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オグロイワワラビー オグロイワワラビー
オグロイワワラビー Petrogale penicillata
保全状況評価 VULNERABLE
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 VU.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : 二門歯目 Diprotodontia : カンガルー科 Macropodidae : イワワラビー属 Petrogale : オグロイワワラビー
P. penicillata 学名 Petrogale penicillata (Gray, 1827) 和名 オグロイワワラビー 英名 Brush-tailed rock-wallaby

オグロイワワラビーPetrogale penicillata)は、二門歯目カンガルー科イワワラビー属に分類される有袋類

分布[編集]

オーストラリアクイーンズランド州南東部、ニューサウスウェールズ州南部、ビクトリア州東部)

形態[編集]

体長オス52.9-58.6cm、メス51-57cm。尾長51-70cm、50-63cm。体重オス5.5-10.9kg、メス4.9-8.2kg。尾の先端は体毛が伸長し房状になり、英名(brush-tailed=ブラシのような尾のある)の由来になっている。また尾は大部分が黒い体毛で被われ、和名の由来になっている。頬には明色の帯が入る。肩の後部に黒い帯が入る。

生態[編集]

岩場に生息する。2-30頭の群れを形成し生活し、群れの規模は分布や生息地によって変異がある。オスは縄張りを形成する。夜行性で、昼間は岩の隙間などで休む。薄明時には日光浴を行うこともある。

食性は植物食で、樹皮、木の葉、およびその根などを食べる。水分は食物から摂取する。

繁殖形態は胎生。幼獣は生後約200日は母親の育児嚢の中で生活し、さらに3か月後に乳離れする。

人間との関係[編集]

開発による生息地の破壊、毛皮目的の乱獲、人為的に移入されたアナウサギヒツジヤギなどとの競合、およびアカギツネディンゴなどによる捕食などにより生息数は激減している。

画像[編集]

  •  src=

    イラスト

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、オグロイワワラビーに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにオグロイワワラビーに関する情報があります。

参考文献[編集]

  • 今泉吉典、松井孝爾監修 『原色ワイド図鑑3 動物』、学習研究社1984年、13、189頁。
  • 今泉吉典監修 D.W.マクドナルド編 『動物大百科6 有袋類ほか』、平凡社1986年、176頁。
  • 小原秀雄・浦本昌紀・太田英利・松井正文編著 『動物世界遺産 レッド・データ・アニマルズ7 オーストラリア、ニューギニア』、講談社2000年、14、145頁。
  • 『小学館の図鑑NEO 動物』、小学館2002年、28頁。

外部リンク[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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オグロイワワラビー: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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オグロイワワラビー(Petrogale penicillata)は、二門歯目カンガルー科イワワラビー属に分類される有袋類

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붓꼬리바위왈라비 ( Korece )

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붓꼬리바위왈라비 또는 작은귀바위왈라비(Petrogale penicillata)는 캥거루과에 속하는 바위왈라비속 유대류의 일종이다. 브리즈번 북서부 약 100km 지역부터 빅토리아 주 북부까지 그레이트디바이딩 산맥을 따라 이어지는 바위 더미와 절벽에서 서식하며, 우림과 건조 경엽수림의 식물 속에서 산다. 분포 지역의 남부와 서부에서는 개체군이 감소 추세에 있지만 뉴사우스웨일스 주 북부와 퀸즐랜드 주 남부 지역에서는 지역적으로 흔하게 발견된다.[3]

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 68쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Petrogale penicillata”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 29일에 확인함.
  3. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Menkhorst, P and Knight, F, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001 ISBN 0-19-550870-X
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