Caerostris, sometimes called bark spiders,[3] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1868.[4] Most species are found in south eastern Africa and neighboring Madagascar.[1]
Taxonomy
The genus Caerostris was erected in 1868 by Tamerlan Thorell with the type species being Epeira mitralis Vinson, 1863, which Thorell transferred to Caerostris mitralis.[1][4] Up to 2009, only 11 species had been described. A further species, C. darwini, was described in 2010,[5] and six more species in 2015.[3][1] Two of the "species", C. sexcuspidata and C. sumatrana, will probably need to be divided further to produce genetically uniform species.[3]
A molecular phylogenetic study of 12 of the species of Caerostris produced the phylogenetic tree shown below, showing that the African and Madagascan species form a monophyletic group.[3]
C. sumatrana
C. mitralis
C. darwini
C. linnaeus
C. timaze
C. sexcuspidata
C. wallacei
C. cowani
C. almae
C. pero
C. bojani
C. extrusa
African and Madagascan species
Species
As of April 2019 it contains eighteen species:[1]
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Caerostris almae Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
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Caerostris bojani Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
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Caerostris corticosa Pocock, 1902 – South Africa
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Caerostris cowani Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
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Caerostris darwini Kuntner & Agnarsson, 2010 – Madagascar
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Caerostris ecclesiigera Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
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Caerostris extrusa Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
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Caerostris hirsuta (Simon, 1895) – Madagascar
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Caerostris indica Strand, 1915 – Myanmar
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Caerostris linnaeus Gregorič, 2015 – Mozambique
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Caerostris mayottensis Grasshoff, 1984 – Comoros, Mayotte
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Caerostris mitralis (Vinson, 1863) – Central Africa, Madagascar
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Caerostris pero Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
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Caerostris sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) – Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles (Aldabra)
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Caerostris sumatrana Strand, 1915 – India to China, Borneo
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Caerostris tinamaze Gregorič, 2015 – South Africa
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Caerostris vicina (Blackwall, 1866) – Central, Southern Africa
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Caerostris wallacei Gregorič, Blackledge, Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2015 – Madagascar
References
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^ a b c d e f "Gen. Caerostris Thorell, 1868". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
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^ Grasshoff, M. (1984). "Die Radnetzspinnen-Gattung Caerostris (Arachnida: Araneae)". Revue Zoologique Africaine. 98 (4): 725–765. OCLC 717108186. NAID 10022018721.
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^ a b c d Gregorič, Matjaž; Blackledge, Todd A.; Agnarsson, Ingi; Kuntner, Matjaž (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of bark spiders reveals new species from Africa and Madagascar (Araneae: Araneidae: Caerostris)". Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 293–312. doi:10.1636/0161-8202-43.3.293. S2CID 53953991.
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^ a b Thorell, T. (1868), "Araneae. Species novae minusve cognitae", in Virgin, C.A. (ed.), Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden (in Latin), Uppsala, pp. 1–34
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^ Kuntner, Matjaž; Agnarsson, Ingi (2010). "Web gigantism in Darwin's bark spider, a new species from Madagascar (Araneidae: Caerostris)". The Journal of Arachnology. 38 (2): 346–356. doi:10.1636/B09-113.1. S2CID 54079094.
