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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 31 years (captivity)
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AnAge articles

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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Greater spot-nosed monkeys are threatened by habitat loss through deforestation and by hunting for meat, especially in the western portion of its range. On the island of Bioko, populations of C. nictitans martini have undergone steep declines, exceeding 50% during the period of 1986 to 2006.

Populations are known to occur in several protected national parks in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. They are listed on Appendix II of CITES and on Class B of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its widespread range and relatively slow rate of population decline. Cercopithecus nictitans martini is classified as vulnerable due to restricted habitat range, ongoing habitat loss, and hunting pressure.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix ii

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Behavior ( Anglèis )

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Auditory, olfactory, visual, and tactile senses are complex, as in most primates. Greater spot-nosed monkeys are especially known for their wide range of vocalizations, which vary from deep booms to chirps, depending on context. Males perform loud, low-frequency boom calls to communicate territoriality and as a predator alarm call. Females and subadults often use short chirps to attract the attention of the group. Loud isolation calls are emitted both by infants and members of the group that have become separated from the troop. Olfactory communication includes mutual genital sniffing and muzzle sniffing, both of which are performed by males. Visual signals include staring, which is often accompanied by head-bobbing in order to indicate a threat display among males. Grimacing or yawning with the canines exposed is an expression of tension or a threat display.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

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The taxonomy of Cercopithecus nictitans is contentious. Grubb et al. (2003) list two subspecies, the geographically widespread C. nictitans nictitans and the more restricted C. nictitans martini, but an isolated population of the latter is thought to represent a distinct and possibly threatened subspecies. A recent morphometric analysis (Cardini & Elton, 2008) misclassified Cercopithecus diana within the Cercopithecus mitis species group, which includes Cercopithecus nictitans, Cercopithecus albogularis, and Cercopithecus mitis. The inclusion of Cercopithecus nictitans within the Cercopithecus mitis species group was confirmed by a recent molecular analysis (Tosi et al., 2005), which supports Cercopithecus albogularis as the sister taxon of C. nictitans.

Cercopithecus nictitans is colloquially known as the “cowardly monkey” because of its high frequency and range of alarm calls.

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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Greater spot-nosed monkeys, like other guenons, have been reported to feed on agricultural crops.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans is hunted and eaten by humans. They may positively impact forest diversity through seed dispersal.

Positive Impacts: food

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Associations ( Anglèis )

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Like many other frugivorous Old World monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans likely plays a large role in seed dispersal, as they often ingest fruits and seeds away from the parent site. Cercopithecus nictitans has been reported to live in mixed-species groups with Cercopithecus diana for mutual predator defense and increased foraging opportunities. Humans (Homo sapiens) hunt them for bushmeat, and also to prevent the greater spot-nosed monkeys from destroying their crops. Greater spot-nosed monkeys carry a variety of parasites, including a primate-specific strain of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum).

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • Entamoeba coli
  • Endolimax nana
  • Strongyloides fuelleborni
  • Ascaris
  • Ancylostoma
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Trichuris
  • Capillaria
  • Enterobius
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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Greater spot-nosed monkeys are primarily frugivorous and granivorous. Like most Old World Monkeys, they have cheek pouches in which to store seeds while foraging. They supplement their diets of fruits and seeds with leaves and insects, and occasionally agricultural crops.

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Granivore )

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans occupies a variety of dense forest habitats in western and central Africa, ranging from Guinea in the west to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the east. Populations are found in Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans is found in the moist tropical lowland and montane forests, tropical swamp and mangrove forests, and dense gallery forests of west and central Africa. Activity is mostly confined to the main canopy layer due to their robust size. They descend voluntarily to the ground only rarely.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

Wetlands: swamp

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Life Expectancy ( Anglèis )

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Longevity in the wild has not been recorded, but like other Cercopithecus species, greater spot-nosed monkeys probably live for approximately 20 years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
31 (high) years.

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans, also known as white-nosed guenons, greater spot-nosed monkeys, greater white-nosed monkeys, or putty-nosed monkeys, is most easily recognized by a distinctive white spot covering the nose. Their fur is dark, ranging in color from olive to black, and sometimes have a white patch on the breast. They have cheek pouches in which to store food while foraging. Individuals weigh, on average, between 4.2 and 6.6 kilograms, making them one of the largest of the Cercopithecus group. Sexual dimorphism is evident, with males exhibiting a greater length and body mass than females. They are diurnal and, like all guenons, possess trichromatic vision. Greater spot-nosed monkeys are primarily arboreal, but also move through the forest quadrupedally. Grubb et al. (2003) recognized two subspecies, C. nictitans nictitans and C. nictitans martini, based on geographic range. Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans occupies the eastern section of the range, from Cameroon to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cercopithecus nictitans martini is thought to represent the western populations of several distinct subspecies, such as one on the island of Bioko.

Range mass: 4.2 to 6.6 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Associations ( Anglèis )

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Male Cercopithecus nictitans sound resonating alarm calls to warn the group of predators and enemies. Their dark coloring also acts as camouflage within the dark tree canopy, allowing them to hide from predators, such as leopards, crowned eagles, and humans.

Known Predators:

  • leopards (Panthera pardus)
  • crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus)
  • humans (Homo sapiens)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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Greater spot-nosed monkeys have a polygynous mating system, in which one resident adult male resides with several adult females and their offspring. The lone male has exclusive breeding access to all of the females. Male tenures of 5 years are common. Females solicit copulation by presenting their estrous swellings to males. During copulation, the females look over their shoulders and pout, with the lower lip pushed forward and down. Greater spot-nosed monkeys exhibit female philopatry, in which males disperse from natal groups upon adolescence and females stay in their natal range.

Mating System: polygynous

Females reach maturity around 4 years of age. Once pregnant, they gestate for 172 days on average. They give birth to one offspring approximately every two years. There is little information available on the reproductive cycle, breeding season, and parental investment of greater spot-nosed monkeys. However, it is assumed that, like other Cercopithecus species, the young are relatively well-developed at birth and that mothers will invest in their own offspring for approximately six months.

Breeding interval: Greater spot-nosed monkeys breed once every two years.

Breeding season: Breeding season is unknown, but it is probably year-round, as in Cercopithecus mitis.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 172 days.

Average time to independence: 4 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

There is little information regarding the level of parental investment in Cercopithecus nictitans, although females certainly invest heavily in offspring through gestation, lactation, and juvenile protection.

Parental Investment: precocial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Neinast, A. 2012. "Cercopithecus nictitans" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_nictitans.html
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Alexandra Neinast, Yale University
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Eric Sargis, Yale University
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Tanya Dewey, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Biology ( Anglèis )

fornì da Arkive
Noisy and gregarious, the tree-dwelling greater spot-nosed guenon generally lives in large groups of between 12 and 30 animals, comprising a single adult male, with several females and their young (1) (5).This species is frequently found in close association with related guenon species, such as the crowned guenon (Cercopithecus pogonias), forming large, mixed-species groups. This helps to protect against predation, and also allows the sharing of information about the best foraging locations (6). While the bulk of the greater spot-nosed guenon's diet consists of fruit, seeds and leaves, it will also eat insects and agricultural crops (2) (3). Male greater spot-nosed guenons produce a range of vocalizations including deep, booming calls to advertise status and presence, as well as “pyow” and “hack” alarm calls. Incredibly, the sequence of these two alarm calls can convey information to other greater spot-nosed guenons about what kind of predator is nearby, for example, whether it is a bird of prey or a leopard, allowing the group to take the appropriate evasive action (5). Greater spot-nosed guenon mating systems are usually polygynous, with the lone male in each group having exclusive breeding access to all the females (5) (7). Breeding is likely to occur throughout the year (7), with the females giving birth to a single young (2) after a gestation period of around five or six months (3) (7).
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Conservation ( Anglèis )

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The greater spot-nosed guenon occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, and is therefore safeguarded to some extent from habitat loss (1). In order to protect this species against unsustainable levels of international trade, the greater spot-nosed guenon is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (3). In addition, this species is listed on Class B of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and therefore legal hunting requires authorisation (1) (8). Despite these controls, the bushmeat trade for the greater spot-nosed guenon—along with many other species—continues to grow (9) (10). To combat this, on Bioko, the Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program is working to protect the island's threatened wildlife by patrolling protected areas to deter hunters, and by developing research and educational programs (9). At an international level, the Bushmeat Crisis Task Force, a consortium of several conservation organisations, is working with governments, organisations and the general public in order to eliminate unsustainable and illegal bushmeat hunting practices worldwide (10).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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One of the larger guenon species, the greater spot-nosed guenon's name is derived from the striking, bright, white patch found on the nose (2). The coat is finely speckled dark olive and blackish-grey on the upperparts, while the extremities, belly and tail are black (2) (3).
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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The greater spot-nosed guenon is primarily found in lowland and montane primary tropical rainforest, but also occurs in forested areas bordering rivers, and in secondary forest (1) (2).
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Range ( Anglèis )

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Although the taxonomic status of this species is still unclear, there are currently two generally recognised subspecies of greater spot-nosed guenon, which are found in different locations. The most widespread subspecies, Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans is found from southern parts of Cameroon and the Central African Republic, southwards, through northern Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. In contrast, Cercopithecus nictitans martini is found north of the Sanaga River in Cameroon, and in western and southern Nigeria. Isolated populations also occur in Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire and on the island of Bioko (1).
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Status ( Anglèis )

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Classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1) and listed on Appendix II of CITES (4). Subspecies: Cercopithecus nictitans martini classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( Anglèis )

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The main threats faced by the greater spot-nosed guenon are habitat loss, through deforestation for timber and agricultural land, and hunting for meat. Currently these threats are most prevalent in the western part of this species' range, where the subspecies Cercopithecus nictitans martini occurs. In particular, on Bioko Island, where hunting pressure is severe, the population of Cercopithecus nictitans martini has undergone a severe decline, with 50 percent of the population lost between 1986 and 2006. As a result, this subspecies is considered to be more at risk than Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans, and is therefore classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN (1). A further concern for this species is the uncertainty about its taxonomic status. At present, there are a number of differing forms of greater spot-nosed guenon that are grouped under the subspecies Cercopithecus nictitans martini. Should these groups become recognised as distinct subspecies, many would be considered to be perilously close to extinction (1).
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Cercopitec de nas blanc ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El cercopitec de nas blanc (Cercopithecus nictitans) és una espècie de primat del gènere dels cercopitecs (Cercopithecus), dins la família dels cercopitècids.

Té el pelatge uniformement gris. Té la cara fosca. El seu nom deriva de la clapa de pèls blancs i curts que té al nas. Té una llargada corporal de 40-70 cm, amb una cua de fins a 102 cm. Pesa fins a 12 kg. Els mascles són una mica més grans que les femelles.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Cercopitec de nas blanc Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Cercopitec de nas blanc: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El cercopitec de nas blanc (Cercopithecus nictitans) és una espècie de primat del gènere dels cercopitecs (Cercopithecus), dins la família dels cercopitècids.

Té el pelatge uniformement gris. Té la cara fosca. El seu nom deriva de la clapa de pèls blancs i curts que té al nas. Té una llargada corporal de 40-70 cm, amb una cua de fins a 102 cm. Pesa fins a 12 kg. Els mascles són una mica més grans que les femelles.

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Große Weißnasenmeerkatze ( Alman )

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Die Große Weißnasenmeerkatze (Cercopithecus nictitans) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Meerkatzen (Cercopithecus) innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).

Merkmale

Das Fell der Großen Weißnasenmeerkatze ist einheitlich grau gefärbt. Das Gesicht ist dunkel, namensgebendes Merkmal ist ein heller Nasenfleck aus kurzen, weißen Haaren. Diese Art zählt mit einer Kopfrumpfläng von 40 bis 70 Zentimetern, einem bis zu 102 Zentimeter langen Schwanz und einem Gewicht von bis zu 12 Kilogramm zu den größeren Meerkatzenarten, wobei die Männchen etwas größer als die Weibchen werden.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet der Großen Weißnasenmeerkatze

Die Heimat der Großen Weißnasenmeerkatze liegt in West- und Zentralafrika. Das Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst einerseits Liberia und die Elfenbeinküste, andererseits reicht es von Nigeria bis in die Zentralafrikanische Republik und den Nordwesten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo und schließt auch die Insel Bioko mit ein. Ihr Lebensraum sind Wälder, wobei sie in der Nähe von Flüssen gelegene, oftmals überschwemmte Gebiete bevorzugt.

Lebensweise

Diese Tiere sind tagaktive Baumbewohner. Wie alle Meerkatzen leben auch sie in Gruppen zusammen, die aus einem Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und deren Nachwuchs bestehen. Die Gruppengröße liegt bei rund 15 bis 40. Innerhalb der Gruppe kommunizieren die Tiere mit einer Reihe von Lauten und Gesten, anhand derer sie beispielsweise Feinde unterscheiden.[1] Die Nahrung der Tiere besteht in erster Linie aus Früchten und Samen, daneben nehmen sie auch Blätter und Insekten zu sich.

Bedrohung

Die Große Weißnasenmeerkatze zählt insgesamt betrachtet laut IUCN nicht zu den bedrohten Arten. Gefährdet sind allerdings die Populationen im Westen des Verbreitungsgebietes (Liberia und Elfenbeinküste), die laut IUCN von Aussterben bedroht (critically endangered) sind und die Population auf der Insel Bioko, die laut IUCN stark gefährdet (endangered) sind.

Systematik

Die Große Weißnasenmeerkatze bildet zusammen mit der Diademmeerkatze und anderen die mitis-Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung der Meerkatzen. Mit der Kleinen Weißnasenmeerkatze ist sie hingegen nur entfernt verwandt.

Die interne Systematik ist nicht restlos geklärt. Die isolierte westliche Population in Liberia und der Elfenbeinküste gilt manchmal als Unterart Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii, die der Insel Bioko als Unterart C. m. martini. Wilson & Reeder (2005) anerkennen allerdings nur martini und die Nominatform nictitans.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. spiegel.de: Affen-Kommunikation: Meerkatzen kombinieren Laute zu neuem Sinn, Zugriff am 20. März 2008
 title=
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Große Weißnasenmeerkatze: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Die Große Weißnasenmeerkatze (Cercopithecus nictitans) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Meerkatzen (Cercopithecus) innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).

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Greater spot-nosed monkey ( Anglèis )

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The greater spot-nosed monkey or putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) is one of the smallest Old World monkeys. It is a guenon of the C. mitis group, native to West Africa and living to some extent in rain forests, but more often in the transition zone between rain forest and savannah. It is primarily arboreal and often associates with monkeys of other species.[3] Both their common names come from the monkeys' prominent white nose.

The greater spot-nosed monkey lives in groups consisting of one adult male, a number of adult females, and their dependent offspring.[4] Little recent research has been conducted into its behaviour, and most has concentrated on its auditory communication. Males use three call types which have been described as 'booms', 'pyows', and 'hacks'. These are used in a number of contexts including as alarm calls.

As in some other species of monkeys, the acoustical structure of greater spot-nosed monkey alarm calls it has been argued to vary according to the kind of predator spotted.[4] The monkey reportedly combines different sounds into a sequence, which has an entirely different meaning from the sounds out of which it is made.[5]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ Cronin, D.T.; Maisels, F.; Gadsby, E.L.; Gonedelé Bi, S.; Ikemeh, R.; Imong, I. (2020). "Cercopithecus nictitans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T4224A166615169. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T4224A166615169.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  3. ^ Eckardt, W.; Zuberbühler, K. (2004). "Cooperation and competition in two forest monkeys". Behavioral Ecology. 15 (3): 400–411. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh032.
  4. ^ a b Arnold, K. & Zuberbühler, K. (2006). "The alarm-calling system of adult male putty-nosed monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans martini" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 72 (3): 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.017. S2CID 53191661.
  5. ^ Arnold, K. & Zuberbühler, K (2008). "Meaningful call combinations in a non-human primate". Current Biology. 18 (5): R202–R203. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.040. hdl:10023/5788. PMID 18334192. S2CID 31058104.

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Greater spot-nosed monkey: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The greater spot-nosed monkey or putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) is one of the smallest Old World monkeys. It is a guenon of the C. mitis group, native to West Africa and living to some extent in rain forests, but more often in the transition zone between rain forest and savannah. It is primarily arboreal and often associates with monkeys of other species. Both their common names come from the monkeys' prominent white nose.

The greater spot-nosed monkey lives in groups consisting of one adult male, a number of adult females, and their dependent offspring. Little recent research has been conducted into its behaviour, and most has concentrated on its auditory communication. Males use three call types which have been described as 'booms', 'pyows', and 'hacks'. These are used in a number of contexts including as alarm calls.

As in some other species of monkeys, the acoustical structure of greater spot-nosed monkey alarm calls it has been argued to vary according to the kind of predator spotted. The monkey reportedly combines different sounds into a sequence, which has an entirely different meaning from the sounds out of which it is made.

Young Putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) on wood.JPG Young Putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans).JPG
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Cercopithecus nictitans ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El mono o cercopiteco de nariz blanca (Cercopithecus nictitans) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae.[2]

Descripción

Es un pequeño mono que pesa entre 4 y 6 kg, con una longitud de 40 a 70 cm (hembra adulta pesa unos 4 kg, y el macho hasta 6 kg); la cola hasta casi un metro. Su longevidad de más de 15 años. Es uno de los más pequeños primates del Viejo Mundo.

Hábitat y costumbres

Es originario de la zona central africana, en selvas lluviosas. Viven en las ramas altas de los árboles. Tienen un área de acción de 30 a 70 ha. Es una especie arborícola y diurna. Forman grupos de 5 a 60 individuos (formados por hembras, y un macho). Cuadrúpedos arborícolas (en una rama horizontal caminan utilizando las cuatro patas).

Comen frutas, semillas, flores, hojas, huevos e invertebrados. La gestación dura 160 días, y tienen una cría por parto. Los machos son capaces de comunicarse mediante diferentes sonidos, que pueden combinar en secuencias complejas.

Recientemente, se descubrió que a veces se comunica combinando diferentes sonidos en una secuencia, que tienen diferente significado según los sonidos.[3]​ Por ejemplo, el sonido «piu» solo significa que otros animales, como un leopardo, está acechando cerca, y «jak» significa que un volador, como un águila, vuela cerca. Pero cuando los combina juntos, secuencia «piu piu jak jak jak jak»: váyanse de aquí a otro lugar.

Referencias

  1. Cronin, D.T., Maisels, F., Gadsby, E., Gonedelé Bi, S., Ikemeh, R. & Imong, I. (2019). «Cercopithecus nictitans». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2019.3 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 30 de mayo de 2020.
  2. Groves, Colin (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. Mammal Species of the World (3ª edición). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. Henderson, Mark (18 de mayo 2006). «Piu piu piu... jak jak jak jak! Let's get out of here (in monkey talk)». The Times Online. Consultado el 25 de enero de 2007.

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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El mono o cercopiteco de nariz blanca (Cercopithecus nictitans) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae.​

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Cercopithecus nictitans ( Basch )

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Cercopithecus nictitans Cercopithecus generoko espezieetako bat da. Generoko guztiak bezala Afrikan bizi da, kasu honetan mendebalde osoan zehar.

Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Täplänenämarakatti ( Finlandèis )

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Täplänenämarakatti (Cercopithecus nictitans) on afrikkalainen, hyvin pienikokoinen apinalaji. Lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on ehdotettu valkokuonomarakattia.[2]

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Täplänenämarakatin nenässä on valkoinen pilkku. Sillä on poskipussit joissa se voi kuljettaa ruokaa hamsterien tapaan. Aikuinen naaras painaa noin neljä kiloa, koiras jopa kuusi kiloa.[3]

Levinneisyys

Täplänenämarakatteja elää Länsi- ja Keski-Afrikassa: sen kotimaita ovat Angola, Benin, Kamerun, Keski-Afrikan tasavalta, Kongo, Norsunluurannikko, Päiväntasaajan Guinea, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria ja Togo.[1]

Elintavat

Täplänenämarakatit elävät puissa 13-60 jäsenen perheryhminä. Ne ovat aktiivisia lähinnä päiväsaikaan. Tärkeintä ravintoa ovat hedelmät ja siemenet.[3]

Lähteet

  1. a b Oates, J.F. & Groves, C.P.: Cercopithecus nictitans IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 8.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Nisäkkäiden suomenkieliset nimet » Nimistöhaku (Ensisijainen hakutulos (oikean laidan tietolaatikko) hakusanalla täplänenämarakatti.) Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto. Viitattu 17.2.2009.
  3. a b The primata
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Täplänenämarakatti: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Täplänenämarakatti (Cercopithecus nictitans) on afrikkalainen, hyvin pienikokoinen apinalaji. Lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on ehdotettu valkokuonomarakattia.

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Cercopithecus nictitans ( Fransèis )

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Hocheur, Cercopithèque hocheur, Pain à cacheter

Le hocheur ou cercopithèque hocheur (Cercopithecus nictitans) est une espèce de mammifères primates de la famille des Cercopithécidés, qui fait partie des singes africains de cette famille couramment appelés « pains à cacheter » ou « blancs-nez » en raison d'une tache blanche très claire et caractéristique sur leur nez.

Dénominations

Description

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (16 juillet 2014)[7] :

  • sous-espèce Cercopithecus nictitans nictitans
  • sous-espèce Cercopithecus nictitans martini

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Aire de répartition

Cette espèce est présente au Liberia, en Côte d'Ivoire, au Nigeria, au Cameroun, en Guinée équatoriale, en République centrafricaine, au Gabon, en République du Congo et en République démocratique du Congo. Elle vit dans la forêt tropicale humide de plaine et de montagne[8].

Comportement

Cette espèce est sociale et vit en groupe de 12 à 30 individus[9].

Alimentation

Il est frugivore et granivore. Il complète son alimentation avec des feuilles et des insectes[9].

Reproduction

Cercopithecus nictitans est polygame, un mâle vit avec plusieurs femelles et leurs petits. La femelle atteint sa maturité sexuelle à 4 ans environ. La gestation dure 172 jours en moyenne[9].

Notes et références

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 20 juin 2019
  2. Meyer C., ed. sc., 2015, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. [lire en ligne]. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  3. a et b UICN, consulté le 20 juin 2019
  4. a b c et d (en) Murray Wrobel, Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals : in Latin, English, German, French and Italian, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2007, 857 p. (ISBN 978-0-444-51877-4, lire en ligne)
  5. (en) Murray Wrobel, Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals : in Latin, English, German, French and Italian, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2007, 857 p. (ISBN 978-0-444-51877-4, lire en ligne), entrée N°1057.
  6. a et b Blancs-nez dans Meyer C., ed. sc., 2015, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales. Montpellier, France, Cirad.
  7. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 16 juillet 2014
  8. (en) Référence UICN : espèce Cercopithecus nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766) (consulté le 2 septembre 2020)
  9. a b et c (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Cercopithecus nictitans

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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Hocheur, Cercopithèque hocheur, Pain à cacheter

Le hocheur ou cercopithèque hocheur (Cercopithecus nictitans) est une espèce de mammifères primates de la famille des Cercopithécidés, qui fait partie des singes africains de cette famille couramment appelés « pains à cacheter » ou « blancs-nez » en raison d'une tache blanche très claire et caractéristique sur leur nez.

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Moncaí sceadsrónach Martin ( Irlandèis )

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Is ainmhí é an moncaí sceadsrónach Martin. Mamach atá ann.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Cercopithecus nictitans ( Italian )

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Il cercopiteco nasobianco maggiore (Cercopithecus nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766) è un primate della famiglia Cercopithecidae.[2]

Descrizione

È una delle specie di maggiori dimensioni del suo genere: la lunghezza del corpo può variare tra i 40 e 70 cm, quella della coda può superare 100 cm e il peso può raggiungere 12 kg. Come per gli altri cercopitechi, vi è un certo dimorfismo sessuale, con il maschio un po' più grande della femmina. Il colore del corpo è uniformemente grigio; il muso è più scuro, tranne la zona di pelo corto e chiaro sul naso che dà il nome alla specie.

Distribuzione e habitat

La specie è presente in Africa centrale e occidentale, dalla Liberia e Costa d'Avorio a ovest alla Nigeria, Repubblica Centrafricana e il nordovest della Repubblica Democratica del Congo.

Il suo habitat è la foresta in vicinanza dell'acqua.

Biologia

Conduce vita arboricola ed ha attività diurna. Vive in gruppi territoriali, formati da un maschio adulto, diverse femmine e piccoli, per un totale da 15 a 40 individui.

Si nutre soprattutto di frutta e semi, ma la dieta comprende anche foglie e insetti.

Conservazione

La specie non è considerata in pericolo dalla IUCN, ma lo è nella parte occidentale dell'areale: la sopravvivenza della specie in Liberia e Costa d'Avorio è minacciata a livello considerato critico.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Butynski, T. & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000, Cercopithecus nictitans, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 15 febbraio 2016.
  2. ^ (EN) Colin Groves, Cercopithecus nictitans, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il cercopiteco nasobianco maggiore (Cercopithecus nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766) è un primate della famiglia Cercopithecidae.

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Grote witneusmeerkat ( olandèis; flamand )

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De grote witneusmeerkat of zwarte witneusmeerkat (Cercopithecus nictitans) is een soort van het geslacht echte meerkatten (Cercopithecus). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Linnaeus in 1766.

Leefgebied

De witneusmeerkat leeft in Afrika ten zuiden van de Sahara in de vooral tropische en vochtige bossen. Ze leven vooral in de bomen maar ook op de grond. Witneusmeerkatten leven in een Savanneklimaat en Tropisch klimaat. Ze komen in Liberia en een stukje in Ivoorkust. In Gabon, Kameroen, Congo en in het noorden van de Democratische republiek Congo.

Voortplanting

De Witneusmeerkatten leven in groepen van gemiddeld 20 apen, een leider en vrouwtjes. Als de vrouwtjes vruchtbaar zijn worden er meer mannetjes toegelaten in de groep.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Grote witneusmeerkat: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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De grote witneusmeerkat of zwarte witneusmeerkat (Cercopithecus nictitans) is een soort van het geslacht echte meerkatten (Cercopithecus). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Linnaeus in 1766.

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Cercopithecus nictitans ( portughèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans, o macaco-de-nariz-branco,[2] é o menor Macaco do Velho Mundo, da subfamília Cercopithecinae. Faz parte do grupo C. mitis, nativo da África Ocidental e vive em áreas de floresta chuvosa, mas é mais frequentemente encontrado em áreas de transição com savana. É primariamente arborícola e frequentemente se associa com outros primatas.[3]

Vivem em grupos constituídos por um macho adulto, várias fêmeas e sua prole.[4] Há poucos trabalhos recentes a cerca de seu comportamento, e a maior parte foca em suas vocalizações. Machos usam três tipos de vocalizações. São usadas em inúmeros contextos, inclusive como alarme para predadores.

Como observado em outras espécies de macacos, a estrutura acústica das vocalizações varia de acordo com o tipo de predador que se aproxima.[4] É sugerido que eles combinam diferentes sons em sequência, que podem significar algo completamente diferente se fossem emitidos isoladamente.[5] Um som pode significar que um leopardo se aproxima, enquanto outro significa que uma águia voa por perto. Mas quando esses dois são combinados, podem significar algo totalmente diferente, como "vamos sair daqui e ir para outro lugar".

Referências

  1. {{{assessores}}} (2008). Cercopithecus nictitans (em inglês). IUCN 2012. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2012 . Página visitada em 4 de abril de 2013..
  2. «Relatório - Guiné-Bissau» (PDF)
  3. Eckardt, W., and Zuberbühler, K. (2004). «Cooperation and competition in two forest monkeys». Behavioural Ecology. 15: 400–411. doi:10.1093/beheco/arh032
  4. a b Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K. (2006). «The alarm-calling system of adult male putty-nosed monkeys, Cercopithecus nictitans martini». Animal Behaviour. 72: 643–653. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.017
  5. Arnold, K., & Zuberbühler, K (2008). «Meaningful call combinations in a non-human primate». Current Biology. 18 (5): R202–R203. PMID 18334192. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.040
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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans, o macaco-de-nariz-branco, é o menor Macaco do Velho Mundo, da subfamília Cercopithecinae. Faz parte do grupo C. mitis, nativo da África Ocidental e vive em áreas de floresta chuvosa, mas é mais frequentemente encontrado em áreas de transição com savana. É primariamente arborícola e frequentemente se associa com outros primatas.

Vivem em grupos constituídos por um macho adulto, várias fêmeas e sua prole. Há poucos trabalhos recentes a cerca de seu comportamento, e a maior parte foca em suas vocalizações. Machos usam três tipos de vocalizações. São usadas em inúmeros contextos, inclusive como alarme para predadores.

Como observado em outras espécies de macacos, a estrutura acústica das vocalizações varia de acordo com o tipo de predador que se aproxima. É sugerido que eles combinam diferentes sons em sequência, que podem significar algo completamente diferente se fossem emitidos isoladamente. Um som pode significar que um leopardo se aproxima, enquanto outro significa que uma águia voa por perto. Mas quando esses dois são combinados, podem significar algo totalmente diferente, como "vamos sair daqui e ir para outro lugar".

Young Putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans) on wood.JPG Young Putty-nosed monkey (Cercopithecus nictitans).JPG
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Mörk vitnäsa ( svedèis )

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Mörk vitnäsa (Cercopithecus nictitans) är en primat i släktet markattor som förekommer i västra centrala Afrika.

Kännetecken

Med undantag av huvudet har arten en grå pälsfärg. Själva huvudet är mörkgrå med en vit fläck av korta hår på näsan som gav djuret sitt namn. Med en kroppslängd mellan 40 och 70 cm samt en svanslängd upp till 102 cm är mörk vitnäsa en av de större markattorna. Den genomsnittliga vikten ligger vid 6,6 kg (hannar) respektive 4,2 kg (honor) och går i sällsynta fall upp till 12 kg.[2]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten förekommer i två från varandra skilda områden i västra och centrala Afrika. Den första regionen ligger i Liberia samt Elfenbenskusten och den andra sträcker sig från Nigeria till Centralafrikanska republiken samt Kongo-Kinshasa. Mörk vitnäsa lever även på ön Bioko. Individerna vistas i skogar, ofta nära floder eller i områden som översvämmas tidvis men mera sällan i träskmarker.[1]

Levnadssätt

Individerna är aktiva på dagen och vistas främst på träd. Liksom andra markattor bildar de flockar som består av en hanne, några honor och deras ungar. Gruppens storlek varierar mellan 15 och 40 individer. Flockens medlemmar kommunicerar med olika läten och kroppsspråk, till exempel för att varna före fiender.[3] Födan utgörs huvudsakligen av frukter och frön men de äter även blad och insekter.[2]

Systematik

Mörk vitnäsa bildar med diademmarkattan och några andra markattor den så kallade mitis-gruppen inom släktet. Släktskapet med arten ljus vitnäsa (Cercopithecus petaurista) är däremot mera avlägset.[4]

Antalet underarter är omstritt. Den västra populationen listas av några zoologer som underart Cercopithecus nictitans stampflii och populationen på Bioko som C. m. martini. Wilson & Reeder (2005) samt IUCN skiljer däremot bara mellan två underarter, C. m. martini och nominatformen C. m. nictitans.[4]

Hot

Arten hotas främst i västra delen av utbredningsområdet och på Bioko genom skogsavverkningar och jakt. Den östra populationen är jämförelsevis stabilt och därför listas hela arten av IUCN som livskraftig (least concern).[1]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 5 april 2011.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c] Cercopithecus nictitansIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Oates, J.F. & Groves, C.P. 2008, läst 25 juni 2011.
  2. ^ [a b] Greater White-nosed Monkey, theprimata.com (engelska), läst 25 juni 2011.
  3. ^ spiegel.de: Affen-Kommunikation: Meerkatzen kombinieren Laute zu neuem Sinn, läst 20 mars 2008
  4. ^ [a b] Wilson & Reeder (red.) Mammal Species of the World, 2005, Cercopithecus nictitans

Tryckta källor

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Mörk vitnäsa: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Mörk vitnäsa (Cercopithecus nictitans) är en primat i släktet markattor som förekommer i västra centrala Afrika.

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Cercopithecus nictitans ( ucrain )

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Опис

Є разюча, яскрава біла пляма на носі. Хутро дрібно плямисте, темно-оливкове і чорно-сіре зверху, у той час як кінцівки, черево і хвіст чорні. Довжина голови й тіла: 43-70 см, вага самиць: 4.3 кг, самців: 6,7 кг.

Поширення

Країни поширення: Камерун, Центральноафриканська Республіка, Конго, Демократична Республіка Конго, Кот-д'Івуар, Екваторіальна Гвінея, Габон, Ліберія, Нігерія. Він присутній в низовинних і гірських тропічних вологих лісах, галерейних лісах і вторинних лісах; менш поширений в болотних лісах.

Стиль життя

Галаслива і товариська, деревна мавпа. Живе в групах від 12 до 30 тварин, які містять одного дорослого самця, кількох самиць і їх молодь. Цей вид часто зустрічається в тісних зв'язках із спорідненими видами такими як Cercopithecus pogonias, утворюючи великі групи змішаних видів. Хоча основна частина дієти складається з фруктів, насіння і листя, також споживаються комахи і сільськогосподарські культури. Як і багато інших плодоїдних мавп, C. nictitans ймовірно відіграють велику роль у поширенні насіння. Відомі хижаки: Panthera pardus, Stephanoaetus coronatus, Homo sapiens.

Розмноження, ймовірно, відбудеться протягом року, самиці народжують одне маля після періоду вагітності близько п'яти або шести місяців. Довголіття в дикій природі не відоме але, ймовірно, 20 років. У полоні може жити до 31 року.

Загрози та охорона

Цьому виду може локально загрожували, особливо на заході ареалу, знищення природного середовища існування в результаті збезлісення для деревини і сільськогосподарських земель. Полювання на м'ясо. залишається поширеним явищем в західних, центральних і східних частинах ареалу.

Це вид занесений в Додатка II СІТЕС. Мешкає в кількох охоронних територіях.

Посилання


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Cercopithecus nictitans ( vietnamèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Linnaeus mô tả năm 1766.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Oates, J. F. & Groves, C. P. (2008). Cercopithecus nictitans. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Cercopithecus nictitans”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cercopithecus nictitans: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Cercopithecus nictitans là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Linnaeus mô tả năm 1766.

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Большая белоносая мартышка ( russ; russi )

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Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Euarchonta
Миротряд: Приматообразные
Отряд: Приматы
Инфраотряд: Обезьянообразные
Надсемейство: Собакоголовые
Семейство: Мартышковые
Подсемейство: Мартышковые
Триба: Cercopithecini
Вид: Большая белоносая мартышка
Международное научное название

Cercopithecus nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766)

Ареал

изображение

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ITIS 573008NCBI 36228EOL 981572FW 232635

Большая белоносая мартышка[1] (лат. Cercopithecus nictitans) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых.

Описание

Отличительная особенность вида — яркое белое пятно на носу. Мех мелко-пятнистый, от тёмно-оливкового до чёрно-серого сверху, в то время как конечности, брюхо и хвост чёрные. Длина тела 43—70 см, вес самок 4,3 кг, самцов 6,7 кг.

Вид распространён в Западной Африке. Он обитает в низменных и горных тропических влажных лесах, галерейных лесах и вторичных лесах; менее распространен в болотных лесах.

Шумная и общительная древесная обезьяна. Живёт в группах от 12 до 30 животных, состоящих из взрослого самца, нескольких самок и их потомства. Этот вид часто встречается в тесных связях с родственными видами такими как Cercopithecus pogonias, образуя большие группы смешанных видов. Хотя основная часть рациона состоит из фруктов, семян и листьев, также потребляются насекомые и сельскохозяйственные культуры. Как и многие другие плодоядные обезьян, C. nictitans вероятно играют большую роль в распространении семян. Известные хищники: Panthera pardus, Stephanoaetus coronatus и человек.

Размножение, вероятно, происходит в течение года, самки рождают одного детёныша после периода беременности около пяти или шести месяцев. Продолжительность жизни в дикой природе не известна, вероятно, 20 лет. В неволе может жить до 31 года.

Этому виду угрожает, особенно на западе ареала, уничтожение естественной среды обитания в результате обезлесения из-за заготовки древесины и сельскохозяйственных земель. Охота ради мяса остаётся распространенным явлением в западных, центральных и восточных частях ареала.

Это вид занесен в Приложение II СИТЕС. Живёт в нескольких охранных территориях.

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 90. — 10 000 экз.
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Большая белоносая мартышка: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию

Большая белоносая мартышка (лат. Cercopithecus nictitans) — вид приматов из семейства мартышковых.

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큰흰코원숭이 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

큰흰코원숭이(Cercopithecus nictitans)는 구세계원숭이 중 가장 작은 원숭이의 하나이다. 푸른원숭이(C. mitis)군에 속하는 게논 원숭이의 일종으로, 서아프리카가 원산지이며, 일부는 우림에 살지만 우림과 사바나 사이의 천이 지대에서도 종종 발견된다. 주로 나무 위에서 생활하는 수목형 동물이며, 종종 다른 종들과 함께 지낸다.(Eckhardt & Zuberbühler, 2004). 이 원숭이의 속칭은 눈에 띄는 흰코에서 유래한 것이다.

큰흰코원숭이는 한 마리의 수컷과 여러 마리의 암컷, 그리고 이들의 새끼들로 집단을 성형하여 군집 생활을 한다.(Arnold & Zubermühler, 2006). 최근에 이들의 행동에 관한 연구가 일부 있었으며, 이들 종의 대부분은 청각을 통해 집중적으로 의사소통을 한다. 수컷은 3종류의 소리 신호를 사용하며, 이를 "붐"(booms), "포우"(pyows) "핵"(hacks) 이라고 한다. 경고 소리를 포함하여 다양한 의미를 담아서 이를 사용하고 있다.

일부의 다른 원숭이들에서 처럼, 큰흰코원숭이 경고 소리의 음향적 구조도 어떤 종류의 맹수가 나타났는지에 따라서 다른 것인지에 대하여 논란이 있다(Arnold & Zubermühler, 2006). 또한 이 원숭이들은 일정한 순서로 다른 소리들을 연결한다는 주장도 있으며, 이는 그 만들어진 소리는 완전히 다른 의미를 가진다는 것이다(Arnold and Zubermühler, 2008). 예를 들어, 소리 "포우"(pyow)는 표범과 같은 동물이 다가오고 있음을 의미하며, "핵"(hack)은 독수리처럼 일종의 나는 동물이 근처를 날고 있음을 의미한다. 하지만 "포우포우핵핵핵핵"(pyow pyow hack hack hack hack)처럼 그 두 소리를 함께 연결하면, '여기를 떠나 다른 곳으로 이동하자'처럼, 완전히 다른 의미를 지닌다.

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 157쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Cercopithecus nictitans”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
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큰흰코원숭이: Brief Summary ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

큰흰코원숭이(Cercopithecus nictitans)는 구세계원숭이 중 가장 작은 원숭이의 하나이다. 푸른원숭이(C. mitis)군에 속하는 게논 원숭이의 일종으로, 서아프리카가 원산지이며, 일부는 우림에 살지만 우림과 사바나 사이의 천이 지대에서도 종종 발견된다. 주로 나무 위에서 생활하는 수목형 동물이며, 종종 다른 종들과 함께 지낸다.(Eckhardt & Zuberbühler, 2004). 이 원숭이의 속칭은 눈에 띄는 흰코에서 유래한 것이다.

큰흰코원숭이는 한 마리의 수컷과 여러 마리의 암컷, 그리고 이들의 새끼들로 집단을 성형하여 군집 생활을 한다.(Arnold & Zubermühler, 2006). 최근에 이들의 행동에 관한 연구가 일부 있었으며, 이들 종의 대부분은 청각을 통해 집중적으로 의사소통을 한다. 수컷은 3종류의 소리 신호를 사용하며, 이를 "붐"(booms), "포우"(pyows) "핵"(hacks) 이라고 한다. 경고 소리를 포함하여 다양한 의미를 담아서 이를 사용하고 있다.

일부의 다른 원숭이들에서 처럼, 큰흰코원숭이 경고 소리의 음향적 구조도 어떤 종류의 맹수가 나타났는지에 따라서 다른 것인지에 대하여 논란이 있다(Arnold & Zubermühler, 2006). 또한 이 원숭이들은 일정한 순서로 다른 소리들을 연결한다는 주장도 있으며, 이는 그 만들어진 소리는 완전히 다른 의미를 가진다는 것이다(Arnold and Zubermühler, 2008). 예를 들어, 소리 "포우"(pyow)는 표범과 같은 동물이 다가오고 있음을 의미하며, "핵"(hack)은 독수리처럼 일종의 나는 동물이 근처를 날고 있음을 의미한다. 하지만 "포우포우핵핵핵핵"(pyow pyow hack hack hack hack)처럼 그 두 소리를 함께 연결하면, '여기를 떠나 다른 곳으로 이동하자'처럼, 완전히 다른 의미를 지닌다.

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