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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 7.8 years (captivity)
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Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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This species is not threatened, although cattle grazing can affect its abundance.

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Female desert cottontails are slightly larger than males, weighing an average of 988 g while the average male weight is 841 g. For females, total length is about 385 mm, length of hind foot is 90 mm, and ear length is 73 mm. Males' measurements are similar. Both sexes have the bushy white "cotton" tail.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average mass: 900 g.

Average basal metabolic rate: 2.506 W.

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Life Expectancy ( Anglèis )

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
7.8 years.

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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This species is found mainly in arid regions, giving it the common name desert cottontail. It can also inhabit woodlands and grasslands, and it ranges in elevation from sea level up to about 6,000 feet. When not feeding, individuals live in heavy brush, brambles, or holes in order to hide from their many predators (coyotes, foxes, badgers, bobcats, hawks, etc.).

Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; chaparral

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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This species can be found throughout much of southwestern North America, from northern Montana down to central Mexico, and as far west as the Pacific coast.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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These rabbits eat almost exclusively grass (of various species). They will also eat some fruits, nuts, and vegetables when available.

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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These animals are used for food and for their fur.

Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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An area with a dense population of desert cottontails could be negatively impacted by their consumption of vegetation.

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Behavior ( Anglèis )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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The breeding season is from December or January until the late summer. Gestation lasts only 28 days, and litters are made up of about three young. Pregnant females often resorb some of their embryos before gestation is complete, probably in response to environmental conditions. This species is somewhat less fecund than are others in the genus; desert cottontails produce only about 5 litters per year. A female builds a nest by digging a hole in the ground about 20 cm deep, then lining it with grass and fur. She feeds her young only once per day, by crouching over the nest to let them nurse. Their eyes open by day 10, and they leave the nest at the age of just under two weeks. They remain near the nest for another three weeks. Sexual maturity is achieved by the age of three months.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 5.

Range gestation period: 26 to 30 days.

Range weaning age: 21 to 28 days.

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 34.5 g.

Average number of offspring: 3.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
107 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
164 days.

Parental Investment: altricial

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Ciszek, D. 1999. "Sylvilagus audubonii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sylvilagus_audubonii.html
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Deborah Ciszek, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

ADW: Sylvilagus audubonii: INFORMATION ( Anglèis )

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Summary of the Desert cottontail

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Konikl Audubon ( Breton )

fornì da wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

Konikl Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii) a zo ur bronneg geotdebrer hag a vev e Mec'hiko hag er Stadoù-Unanet.

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Conill del desert ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El conill del desert (Sylvilagus audubonii) és una espècie de conill del gènere Sylvilagus. El conill del desert viu al centre dels Estats Units des de l'est de Montana fins a l'oest de Texas i al nord de Mèxic. A l'oest, la seva difusió arriba fins al centre de Nevada, el sud de Califòrnia i la Baja California. Viu a altituds de fins a 2.000 metres. Està particularment associat amb les zones herboses seques gairebé desèrtiques del sud-oest americà.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Conill del desert Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Conill del desert: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El conill del desert (Sylvilagus audubonii) és una espècie de conill del gènere Sylvilagus. El conill del desert viu al centre dels Estats Units des de l'est de Montana fins a l'oest de Texas i al nord de Mèxic. A l'oest, la seva difusió arriba fins al centre de Nevada, el sud de Califòrnia i la Baja California. Viu a altituds de fins a 2.000 metres. Està particularment associat amb les zones herboses seques gairebé desèrtiques del sud-oest americà.

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Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus audubonii) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Es lebt in Wüsten und anderen trockenen Regionen in den südwestlichen USA und in Mexiko.

Merkmale

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ist eine relativ große Art der Gattung mit einem Körpergewicht von etwa 1000 Gramm. Die Rückenfarbe und der Schwanz sind grau, die Bauchseite ist weiß gefärbt. Es besitzt lange Ohren, die an den Innenseiten nur leicht behaart sind. Die Füße sind ebenfalls nur leicht behaart.[1][2]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchens

Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchens umfasst den Westen der Vereinigten Staaten sowie große Teile Mexikos. Es reicht vom nördlichen Montana nahe der kanadischen Grenze über die westlichen und zentralen Staaten der Vereinigten Staaten bis nach Zentralmexiko. Die westliche Grenze bildet der Pazifische Ozean in Kalifornien und die Baja California, nach Osten reicht das Gebiet über die Great Plains bis nach Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska sowie North und South Dakota.[1][3] In Mexiko umfasst das Verbreitungsgebiet neben der Baja California die Regionen Baja California Sur, den größten Teil von Sonora und Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, das westliche Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, das östliche Durango, den Norden von Sinaloa, das nordöstliche Jalisco, den Norden von Guanajuato und Queretaro, Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, Puebla und einen kleinen Teil des westlichen Veracruz.[3]

Als Lebensräume besiedelt die Art Wüsten und andere trockene Regionen, daneben kommt es jedoch auch in Wald- und Grasland vor.[1][3] Die Höhenverbreitung reicht vom Meeresniveau und unterhalb desselben im Death Valley bis in Gebiete von mehr als 1.800 Metern Höhe.[3]

Lebensweise

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen ist vor allem am Abend und am frühen Morgen aktiv, während der heißesten Tageszeiten ruht es meist. Es ist ein Einzelgänger, kann jedoch auch in größerer Anzahl auftreten. Es ist in der Lage, auf Bäume zu klettern und nutzt Erhöhungen und Baumstümpfe als Aussichtspunkte.[1]

Die Paarungszeit beginnt in der Regel im Dezember oder Januar und dauert sieben bis neun Monate an. Sie ist regional unterschiedlich und hängt von den Temperaturen und anderen Faktoren ab. Die Würfe bestehen durchschnittlich aus zwei bis vier Jungtieren und sind damit im Vergleich zu anderen Arten der Gattung eher klein.[1]

Systematik

 src=
Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen im Anza Borrego State Park

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird als eigenständige Art den Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Gattung Sylvilagus) zugeordnet. Je nach Quelle sind bis zu zwölf Unterarten beschrieben:[2]

  • Sylvilagus audubonii arizonae
  • S. a. audubonii
  • S. a. minor
  • S. a. baileyi
  • S. a. confinis
  • S. a. sanctidiegi
  • S. a. goldmani
  • S. a. parvulus
  • S. a. cedrophilus
  • S. a. neomexicanus
  • S. a. vallicola
  • S. a. warreni

Gefährdung und Schutz

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) aufgrund der Bestandsgröße und des großen Verbreitungsgebietes als nicht gefährdet (least concern) eingestuft. Es ist sowohl in seiner Ernährung wie auch bei den besiedelten Habitaten Generalist und ein Rückgang der Populationen ist nicht bekannt.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c d e Joseph A. Chapman, John E. C. Flux (Hrsg.): Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. (PDF-Datei; 10,74 MB) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland 1990; S. 97–99. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1.
  2. a b Joseph A. Chapman, Gale R. Willner: Sylvilagus audubonii. In: Mammalian Species. Band 106, 1978, S. 1–4 (Volltext [PDF; 463 kB]). Volltext (Memento des Originals vom 8. April 2016 im Internet Archive)  src= Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.science.smith.edu
  3. a b c d e Sylvilagus audubonii in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & H. Rangel Cordero, 2008. Abgerufen am 10. Juni 2012.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen: Brief Summary ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Das Audubon-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen (Sylvilagus audubonii) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Gattung der Baumwollschwanzkaninchen innerhalb der Hasenartigen. Es lebt in Wüsten und anderen trockenen Regionen in den südwestlichen USA und in Mexiko.

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Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert ( maltèis )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert Sylvilagus audubonii jew kif jissejaħ ukoll Denb qotni tad-deżert (l-ispeċi kollha tal-ġeneru Sylvilagus kollha, minflok Fenek ħafna drabi jissejħu denb qotni), huwa mammiferu plaċentat erbivoru membru tal-familja Leporidae, fl-ordni Lagomrpha, tad-Dinja l-Ġdida (il-kontinenti Amerikani). Din l-ispeċi għalkemm ħafna drabi tiġi msieħbha ma' ambjent xott u abitat ta' kważi deżert jew deżert fil-Lbiċ tal-kontinent Amerikan tan-naħa ta' fuq, tgħix ukoll f'ambjenti anqas xotti bħal foresti tal-pinu-ġunipru.

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert huwa simili ħafna fl-apparenza tal-Fenek Ewropew, biss dan għandu widnejn akbar u normalment iżommhom aktar wieqfa. Dan id-denb qotni huwa ħafn' anqas soċjali mill-Fenek Ewropew u jagħmel anqas użu ta' bejtiet taħt l-art ukoll.

Bħall-Fniek ta' denbhom qotni kollha l-oħra, il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għandu denbu ġej fit-tond bil-pil abjad fuq in-naħa ta' taħt li jidher sew meta jkun qiegħed jaħrab (fenek ta' din l-ispeċi kapaċi jiġri b'veloċita ta' 30 kilometru fis-siegħa). Dan huwa fenek ta' lewn ċar ta' kulur griż fil-kannella, li jsir kważi totalment abjad fuq in-naħa ta' taħt taż-żaqq. Denb qotni tad-deżert adult għandu tul ta' bejn 33 u 43 ċentimetru u jiżen sa 1.5 kilogrammi. Il-widnejn twal normalment ikunu bejn 8 u 10 ċentimetri u s-saqajn kbar ta' wara jilħqu s-7.5 ċentimetri. Bejn is-sessi m' hemmx dimorfismu sesswali kbir, iżda in-nisa għandhom tendenza li jkunu ftit akbar mill-irġiel, biss waqt li l-arja territorjali tan-nisa tkun ta' bejn wieħed u ieħor 4,000 m², tal-irġiel kapaċi tlaħħaq 'il fuq minn 60,000 m².

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għalkemm huwa fenek dijurnu jew attiv matul il-ġurnata jiskarta is-sigħat sħan ta' nofs il-jum. Il-biċċa l-kbira tad-dieta tikkonsisti minn ħaxix iżda jiekol ħafna varjetà ta' pjanti ukoll, saħansitra kaktus. Dan id-denb qotni rarament jixrob għax il-likwidi kollha li għandu bżonn isibhom fil-pjanti li jiekol.

Dan id-denb qotni fejn l-abbundanza ta' ikel u l-klima jippermettu dawn jipproduċu kemm il-boton fis-sena. Iż-żrameġ għalkemm jitwieldu għomja u bla pil, l-omm tpoġġihom f'ħofra xejn fonda jew f'bejta qalb il-ħaxix mal-art u ma jitilqux minn hemm qabel 3 ġimgħat. Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għalkemm ma jiffurmax u ma jaqsamx bejtiet soċjali taħt l-art ma' individwi oħra, meta mqabbel ma' speċi ta' leporidi oħra huwa relativament tolleranti lejn membri tal-istess speċi li jkunu fil-qrib.

Distribuzzjoni

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert jgħix fiċ-ċentru tal-Istati Uniti mil-Lvant tal-Montana sa fil-Punent tat-Texas u fit-Tramuntana tal-Messiku. Lejn il-Punent jinsab jgħix fiċ-ċentru ta' Nevada u fin-Nofs in-nhar ta' California u Baja California. Dan id-denb qotni jgħix sa ogħli ta' 'l fuq minn 2000 metru.

Referenzi

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Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert: Brief Summary ( maltèis )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert Sylvilagus audubonii jew kif jissejaħ ukoll Denb qotni tad-deżert (l-ispeċi kollha tal-ġeneru Sylvilagus kollha, minflok Fenek ħafna drabi jissejħu denb qotni), huwa mammiferu plaċentat erbivoru membru tal-familja Leporidae, fl-ordni Lagomrpha, tad-Dinja l-Ġdida (il-kontinenti Amerikani). Din l-ispeċi għalkemm ħafna drabi tiġi msieħbha ma' ambjent xott u abitat ta' kważi deżert jew deżert fil-Lbiċ tal-kontinent Amerikan tan-naħa ta' fuq, tgħix ukoll f'ambjenti anqas xotti bħal foresti tal-pinu-ġunipru.

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert huwa simili ħafna fl-apparenza tal-Fenek Ewropew, biss dan għandu widnejn akbar u normalment iżommhom aktar wieqfa. Dan id-denb qotni huwa ħafn' anqas soċjali mill-Fenek Ewropew u jagħmel anqas użu ta' bejtiet taħt l-art ukoll.

Bħall-Fniek ta' denbhom qotni kollha l-oħra, il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għandu denbu ġej fit-tond bil-pil abjad fuq in-naħa ta' taħt li jidher sew meta jkun qiegħed jaħrab (fenek ta' din l-ispeċi kapaċi jiġri b'veloċita ta' 30 kilometru fis-siegħa). Dan huwa fenek ta' lewn ċar ta' kulur griż fil-kannella, li jsir kważi totalment abjad fuq in-naħa ta' taħt taż-żaqq. Denb qotni tad-deżert adult għandu tul ta' bejn 33 u 43 ċentimetru u jiżen sa 1.5 kilogrammi. Il-widnejn twal normalment ikunu bejn 8 u 10 ċentimetri u s-saqajn kbar ta' wara jilħqu s-7.5 ċentimetri. Bejn is-sessi m' hemmx dimorfismu sesswali kbir, iżda in-nisa għandhom tendenza li jkunu ftit akbar mill-irġiel, biss waqt li l-arja territorjali tan-nisa tkun ta' bejn wieħed u ieħor 4,000 m², tal-irġiel kapaċi tlaħħaq 'il fuq minn 60,000 m².

Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għalkemm huwa fenek dijurnu jew attiv matul il-ġurnata jiskarta is-sigħat sħan ta' nofs il-jum. Il-biċċa l-kbira tad-dieta tikkonsisti minn ħaxix iżda jiekol ħafna varjetà ta' pjanti ukoll, saħansitra kaktus. Dan id-denb qotni rarament jixrob għax il-likwidi kollha li għandu bżonn isibhom fil-pjanti li jiekol.

Dan id-denb qotni fejn l-abbundanza ta' ikel u l-klima jippermettu dawn jipproduċu kemm il-boton fis-sena. Iż-żrameġ għalkemm jitwieldu għomja u bla pil, l-omm tpoġġihom f'ħofra xejn fonda jew f'bejta qalb il-ħaxix mal-art u ma jitilqux minn hemm qabel 3 ġimgħat. Il-Fenek ta' denbu qotni tad-deżert għalkemm ma jiffurmax u ma jaqsamx bejtiet soċjali taħt l-art ma' individwi oħra, meta mqabbel ma' speċi ta' leporidi oħra huwa relativament tolleranti lejn membri tal-istess speċi li jkunu fil-qrib.

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Desert cottontail ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

The desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), also known as Audubon's cottontail, is a New World cottontail rabbit, and a member of the family Leporidae. Unlike the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), they do not form social burrow systems, but compared with some other leporids, they are extremely tolerant of other individuals in their vicinity.

Cottontails give birth to their kits in burrows vacated by other mammals. They sometimes cool off, or take refuge in scratched out shallow created depressions of their own making, using their front paws like a back hoe.[3] They are not usually active in the middle of the day, but can be observed foraging in the early morning, and early evening. Cottontails are rarely found out of their burrows looking for food on windy days, because the wind interferes with their ability to hear approaching predators, their primary defense mechanism.[4]

Lifespan

Male desert cottontail at 8 weeks, and the same specimen at 16 months of age
Submissive posture anticipating food

The lifespan of a cottontail that reaches adulthood averages less than two years, depending on the location.[5] Unfortunately for the cottontail, almost every local carnivore larger or faster than the lagomorph is its predator. Some predators, like snakes for example, are familiar with the area inhabited by the cottontails, and can catch and eat the young at will; the mother is unable to defend the litter. Although cottontails are highly active sexually, and mated pairs have multiple litters throughout the year, few young survive to adulthood. Those that survive grow quickly and are full grown at three months.[6]

Description

The desert cottontail is quite similar in appearance to the European rabbit, though its ears are larger and are more often carried erect. It is social among its peers, often gathering in small groups to feed. Like all cottontail rabbits, the desert cottontail has a greyish-brown, rounded tail with a broad white edge and white underside, which is visible as it runs away.[7] It also has white fur on the belly.[8]

Adults are 36 to 42 cm (14 to 17 in) long and weigh anywhere from 700 to 1,200 g (1.5 to 2.6 lb).[9] The tail is 30 to 60 mm (1.2 to 2.4 in), ears are 6 to 9 cm (2.4 to 3.5 in) long and the hindfeet are large, about 7 to 9 cm (2.8 to 3.5 in) in length.[9] There is little sexual dimorphism, but females tend to be larger than the males, but have much smaller home ranges, about 1 acre (4,000 m2) compared with about 15 acres (61,000 m2) for a male.[10] The dental formula for Sylvilagus audubonii is 2.0.3.31.0.3.3= 28.[11] All species under the family Leporidae have the same dental formula.

Distribution and habitat

The desert cottontail is found throughout the Western United States from eastern Montana to western Texas, and in Northern and Central Mexico.[2] Its eastern range extends barely into the Great Plains.[2] Westwards its range extends to central Nevada and southern California and Baja California, touching the Pacific Ocean.[2] It is found at heights of up to 1,830 m (6,000 ft).[11] It is particularly associated with the dry near-desert grasslands of the American southwest, though it is also found in less arid habitats such as pinyon-juniper forest.[9] It is also frequently found in the riparian zones in arid regions.[12]

Behavior

Diet and feeding

Cottontails are herbivores, with 90% of their diet consisting of grass. [13] They also feed on the leaves and peas of mesquite, barks, fallen fruit, the juicy pads of prickly pear and twigs of shrubs.[14][15] It rarely needs to drink, getting its water mostly from the plants it eats or from dew.[16] Due to seasonality and changes in moisture conditions of their habitat, cottontails adjust their diets based on many influential factors that impact the seasonal changes of vegetation (i.e. moisture content, abundance, nutrition value, etc.).[17] Like most lagomorphs, it is coprophagic, re-ingesting and chewing its own feces to extract the nutrients as effectively as possible.[10]

The desert cottontail, like all cottontails, eats on all fours. It can only use its nose to move and adjust the position of the food that it places directly in front of its front paws on the ground. The cottontail turns the food with its nose to find the cleanest part of the vegetation (free of sand and inedible parts) to begin its meal. The only time a cottontail uses its front paws to enable eating is when vegetation is above its head on a living plant. The cottontail then lifts a paw to bend the branch and bring the food within reach.[18]

Thermoregulation

Due to the variable temperature of living conditions, desert cottontails must be adequate thermoregulators to minimize water loss during the hotter seasons and require shaded areas of their environment to conduct evaporative water loss through thermal heat transfer. In open-desert areas, they can withstand for a short period with extremely high temperatures of around 45 °C and have a large evaporative water loss capacity of around 1.5% body mass/hour, though cottontails can withstand longer in an ideal environment with shaded areas. To cope with evaporative heat loss, they do panting and undergo changes in production of their basal metabolic rate in relation to the ambient temperature of the environment. Ears of desert cottontails make up 14% of their body size and may help with thermoregulation.[19]

Predators and threats

California High Desert cottontail on alert for predators

Many desert animals prey on cottontails, including birds of prey, mustelids, coyotes, bobcats, Mexican wolves, mountain lions, snakes, weasels, humans, and even squirrels, should a cottontail be injured or docile from illness.[20] Alien species, such as cats and dogs, are also known predators, and also pose a threat.[2] Southwestern Native Americans hunted them for meat but also used their fur and hides. It is also considered a game species, due to which it is hunted for sport.[2] The desert cottontail's normal behavior upon spotting a potential predator is to freeze in place in an attempt to avoid being detected. If it determines that it is in danger, it will flee the area by hopping away in a zigzag pattern.[21] Cottontails can reach speeds of over 30 km/h (19 mph). When defending itself against small predators or other desert cottontails, it will nudge with its nose, or slap with its front paws, usually preceded by a hop straight upwards as high as two feet when threatened or taken by surprise.[10]

Mother and juvenile

Habitat loss due to land clearing and cattle grazing may severely affect the population of the desert cottontail.[2] Human-induced fires are also a potential threat for desert cottontail populations.[2] Another factor is its competition with the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), because both have the same diet, and share the same habitat.[22] When a season has been particularly dry, there is less plant life to go around. The cottontail does not fear the jackrabbit, in fact the jackrabbit is very skittish and will retreat from a confrontation in most instances. However, the black-tailed jackrabbit is much bigger, and consumes much more food at eating times.[2]

Weather and food supply

An extremely wet winter season means increased plant life in the spring, and thus increases in cottontail populations. However, if the wet winter is followed by a particularly dry summer, the plant life dries up quickly due to the extreme desert summer temperatures, and can have the opposite effect, and can lead to hunger for the now over-populated cottontails.[23]

Status and conservation

Since 1996, the desert cottontail has been rated of least concern on the IUCN Red List; it does not appear on the state or federal list of endangered species.[14] The desert cottontail is considered a game species in the United States by individual state wildlife agencies.[2] It is also not considered to be threatened by the state game agencies in the United States, as it is common throughout most of its range in Mexico.[2] None of the twelve subspecies are thought to be under threat and no new conservation measures are needed.[12][24]

References

  1. ^ Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Smith, A.T.; Brown, D.E. (2019). "Sylvilagus audubonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41297A45190821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41297A45190821.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)". tpwd.texas.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-06-11. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
  4. ^ "Rabbits and Hares". Archived from the original on 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
  5. ^ "Desert cottontail". Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  6. ^ "Sylvilagus floridanus". 2002.
  7. ^ Reid, Fiona (2006). A Field Guide to Mammals of North America, North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0395935962.
  8. ^ Larsen, C.J. (December 1993). Report to the Fish and Game Commission: Status review of the riparian brush rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani riparius in California (PDF) (Report). California Department of Fish and Game, Wildlife Management Division, Nongame Bird and Mammal Section. p. 6.
  9. ^ a b c Armstrong, David M.; Fitzgerald, James P.; Meaney, Carron A. (2010). "Desert Cottontail". Mammals of Colorado (Second ed.). University Press of Colorado. pp. 264–266. ISBN 978-1-607-32048-7.
  10. ^ a b c "Desert cottontail rabbit". Nevada Department of Wildlife. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. ^ a b Chapman, Joseph A.; Willner, Gale R. (September 1978). "Mammalian Species: Sylvilagus Audubonii". American Society of Mammalogists. 45 (106): 1–4. JSTOR 3503835.
  12. ^ a b Chapman, Joseph A.; Flux, John E. C. (1990). Rabbits, Hares and Pikas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN. ISBN 9782831700199.
  13. ^ "Nevada Department of Wildlife". www.ndow.org. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
  14. ^ a b Schmidly, David J.; Bradley, Robert D. (2016). The Mammals of Texas. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-477-31003-8.
  15. ^ Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station Units 1-3, Construction: Environmental Impact Statement. 1975.
  16. ^ Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker, John (2011). Rabbits: The Animal Answer Guide. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-421-40126-3.
  17. ^ Turkowski, Frank J. (October 1975). "Dietary Adaptability of the Desert Cottontail". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 39 (4): 748–756. doi:10.2307/3800237. JSTOR 3800237.
  18. ^ "Small mammals" (PDF).
  19. ^ Hinds, David S. (August 1973). "Acclimatization of Thermoregulation in the Desert Cottontail, Sylvilagus audubonii". American Society of Mammalogists. 54 (3): 708–728. doi:10.2307/1378969. JSTOR 1378969. PMID 4744934.
  20. ^ "Eastern Cottontail". Archived from the original on 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
  21. ^ Pryor, Kimberley Jane (2010). Tricky Behavior. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-761-4442-51.
  22. ^ Lauenroth, W. K.; Burke, Ingrid C. (2008). Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe: A Long-Term Perspective. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-13582-4.
  23. ^ "10,000 years of rabbit bones".
  24. ^ "Grass and Hay for rabbits".

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Desert cottontail: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), also known as Audubon's cottontail, is a New World cottontail rabbit, and a member of the family Leporidae. Unlike the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), they do not form social burrow systems, but compared with some other leporids, they are extremely tolerant of other individuals in their vicinity.

Cottontails give birth to their kits in burrows vacated by other mammals. They sometimes cool off, or take refuge in scratched out shallow created depressions of their own making, using their front paws like a back hoe. They are not usually active in the middle of the day, but can be observed foraging in the early morning, and early evening. Cottontails are rarely found out of their burrows looking for food on windy days, because the wind interferes with their ability to hear approaching predators, their primary defense mechanism.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El conejo del desierto (Sylvilagus audubonii) o conejo matorralero es una especie de mamífero lagomorfo de la familia Leporidae. El género Sylvilagus, al que pertenece este conejo, incluye a los conejos de cola de algodón. Es más pequeño que otras especies. Vive en los matorrrales áridos del centro norte de Estados Unidos, en el desierto de Sonora y hasta Tehuacán, Puebla.

Distribución y hábitat

Se puede encontrar en el suroeste de Norteamérica, desde el norte de Montana, en Estados Unidos, hasta el centro de México, y al oeste, cerca de la costa del Pacífico. Se le asocia a zonas secas semidesérticas del suroeste americano, encontrándose a alturas de hasta 2000 msnm. También se puede encontrar en terrenos menos áridos, como el bosque de enebros.

Referencias

  1. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. y Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). «Sylvilagus audubonii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 11 de enero de 2013.
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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El conejo del desierto (Sylvilagus audubonii) o conejo matorralero es una especie de mamífero lagomorfo de la familia Leporidae. El género Sylvilagus, al que pertenece este conejo, incluye a los conejos de cola de algodón. Es más pequeño que otras especies. Vive en los matorrrales áridos del centro norte de Estados Unidos, en el desierto de Sonora y hasta Tehuacán, Puebla.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( Basch )

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Sylvilagus audubonii Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Baird (1858) 8 8 Mammalia 608. or..
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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Sylvilagus audubonii Sylvilagus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Lapin d'Audubon ( Fransèis )

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Sylvilagus audubonii

 src=
Lynx roux au parc de Montaña de Oro (en) transportant sa proie, un lapin d'Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii).

Le Lapin d'Audubon[1] (Sylvilagus audubonii) est une espèce de lapin. C’est un mammifère de la famille des Leporidae qui vit dans les zones plutôt arides du sud-ouest de l'Amérique du Nord.

Morphologie

Ce lapin de 35 à 45 cm de long a une fourrure de couleur chamois, avec le ventre et la queue blanche, et une tache rousse sur la nuque.

Comportement

Contrairement aux autres léporidés, il aime se reposer dans des arbres bas ou rampants où il grimpe. À défaut, il se reposera dans un terrier abandonné par une autre espèce.

Alimentation

Herbivore, il se nourrit d'herbes, de mesquite et de cactus.

Reproduction

Répartition et habitat

On le trouve dans les prairies semi-arides et les steppes, dans les broussailles de créosotier ou dans les déserts.

Son aire de répartition va du sud des États-Unis au Mexique.

Taxinomie

Sous-espèces

Selon le site ITIS, il existe plusieurs sous-espèces de Cottontail du désert[2] :

  • Sylvilagus audubonii arizonae (Mearns, 1896)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii audubonii (Baird, 1858)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii baileyi (Merriam, 1897)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii confinis (Allen J., 1898)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii goldmani (Nelson, 1904)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii minor (Mearns, 1896)
  • Sylvilagus audubonii warreni (Nelson, 1907)

Statut et préservation

Notes et références

  1. William H. Burt et Richard P. Grossenheider (trad. de l'anglais), Les Mammifères d'Amérique du Nord (au Nord du Mexique), La Prairie, Broquet, 1992, 295 p. (ISBN 2-89000-331-0), p. 209
  2. (en) Integrated Taxonomic Information System, « Sylvilagus audubonii (Baird, 1858) », ITIS, 2001 (consulté le 27 octobre 2008)

Références externes

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Lapin d'Audubon: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Sylvilagus audubonii

 src= Lynx roux au parc de Montaña de Oro (en) transportant sa proie, un lapin d'Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii).

Le Lapin d'Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii) est une espèce de lapin. C’est un mammifère de la famille des Leporidae qui vit dans les zones plutôt arides du sud-ouest de l'Amérique du Nord.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( Italian )

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Il silvilago del deserto (Sylvilagus audubonii Baird, 1858), noto anche come silvilago di Audubon, è un silvilago del Nuovo Mondo appartenente alla famiglia dei Leporidi.

Il silvilago del deserto è diffuso in tutta l'area centrale degli Stati Uniti, dal Montana orientale al Texas occidentale, e in Messico settentrionale. Nelle regioni occidentali del suo areale si spinge fino al Nevada centrale, alla California meridionale e alla Baja California. Vive fino al altezze di 2000 metri. È una specie particolarmente associata alle aride praterie semi-desertiche del Sud-ovest americano, nonostante si possa trovare anche in habitat meno aridi, come le foreste di pinyon e ginepri.

È di aspetto molto simile al coniglio europeo, ma ha orecchie più grandi che tiene quasi sempre erette. Inoltre ha abitudini molto meno sociali e trascorre pochissimo tempo all'interno della tana. Come tutti i silvilaghi, il silvilago del deserto presenta una coda arrotondata con la parte inferiore ricoperta di pelo bianco, ben visibile quando l'animale fugge via. È di colore bruno-grigiastro chiaro, che si fa quasi bianco sul ventre. Gli adulti sono lunghi tra i 33 e i 43 cm e pesano fino a 1,5 kg. Le orecchie sono piuttosto lunghe (tra gli 8 e i 10 cm), così come le zampe posteriori (7,5 cm). Non vi è molto dimorfismo sessuale, ma le femmine tendono ad essere più grandi dei maschi, anche se i loro territori sono molto più piccoli (4000 m² rispetto ai 60.000 m² del territorio di un maschio).

 src=
Un giovane esemplare

Il silvilago del deserto è poco attivo a metà giornata, ma si può vedere facilmente di primo mattino o nel tardo pomeriggio. Si nutre soprattutto di erba, ma consuma anche molti altri vegetali, perfino cactus. Ha bisogno di bere solo molto raramente, dato che ricava l'acqua necessaria dai vegetali di cui si nutre o dalla rugiada. Come quasi tutti i Lagomorfi, è ciecotrofo[3], ingerisce alcune delle proprie feci contenenti sostanze ancora utili, sfruttando così al massimo tutta l'energia disponibile.

Molti animali del deserto cacciano questo silvilago, compresi uccelli da preda, Mustelidi, coyote, bobcat ed esseri umani. I nativi americani del Sud-ovest lo cacciavano per la carne, ma ne utilizzavano anche il pelo e la pelle. Il comportamento anti-predatorio del silvilago del deserto consiste generalmente nel fuggire via zig-zagando; può raggiungere velocità superiori ai 30 km/h. Contro predatori di piccole dimensioni si difende scalciando.

I piccoli vedono la luce in una stretta tana o direttamente sul suolo, ma sono bisognosi di tutto e non lasciano il covo fino all'età di tre settimane. Dove il clima e le disponibilità alimentari lo permettono, le femmine danno alla luce più nidiate all'anno. Diversamente dal coniglio europeo, i silvilaghi non costruiscono sistemi di tane in comune, ma rispetto ad altri Leporidi sono relativamente tolleranti nei confronti di altri individui nelle vicinanze.

Note

  1. ^ Scheda Archiviato il 3 giugno 2010 in Internet Archive. in (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Smith, A.T. & Boyer, A.F. (Lagomorph Red List Authority) 2008, Sylvilagus audubonii, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ Copia archiviata (PDF), su agr.unipg.it. URL consultato il 6 settembre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 luglio 2009).

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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il silvilago del deserto (Sylvilagus audubonii Baird, 1858), noto anche come silvilago di Audubon, è un silvilago del Nuovo Mondo appartenente alla famiglia dei Leporidi.

Il silvilago del deserto è diffuso in tutta l'area centrale degli Stati Uniti, dal Montana orientale al Texas occidentale, e in Messico settentrionale. Nelle regioni occidentali del suo areale si spinge fino al Nevada centrale, alla California meridionale e alla Baja California. Vive fino al altezze di 2000 metri. È una specie particolarmente associata alle aride praterie semi-desertiche del Sud-ovest americano, nonostante si possa trovare anche in habitat meno aridi, come le foreste di pinyon e ginepri.

È di aspetto molto simile al coniglio europeo, ma ha orecchie più grandi che tiene quasi sempre erette. Inoltre ha abitudini molto meno sociali e trascorre pochissimo tempo all'interno della tana. Come tutti i silvilaghi, il silvilago del deserto presenta una coda arrotondata con la parte inferiore ricoperta di pelo bianco, ben visibile quando l'animale fugge via. È di colore bruno-grigiastro chiaro, che si fa quasi bianco sul ventre. Gli adulti sono lunghi tra i 33 e i 43 cm e pesano fino a 1,5 kg. Le orecchie sono piuttosto lunghe (tra gli 8 e i 10 cm), così come le zampe posteriori (7,5 cm). Non vi è molto dimorfismo sessuale, ma le femmine tendono ad essere più grandi dei maschi, anche se i loro territori sono molto più piccoli (4000 m² rispetto ai 60.000 m² del territorio di un maschio).

 src= Un giovane esemplare

Il silvilago del deserto è poco attivo a metà giornata, ma si può vedere facilmente di primo mattino o nel tardo pomeriggio. Si nutre soprattutto di erba, ma consuma anche molti altri vegetali, perfino cactus. Ha bisogno di bere solo molto raramente, dato che ricava l'acqua necessaria dai vegetali di cui si nutre o dalla rugiada. Come quasi tutti i Lagomorfi, è ciecotrofo, ingerisce alcune delle proprie feci contenenti sostanze ancora utili, sfruttando così al massimo tutta l'energia disponibile.

Molti animali del deserto cacciano questo silvilago, compresi uccelli da preda, Mustelidi, coyote, bobcat ed esseri umani. I nativi americani del Sud-ovest lo cacciavano per la carne, ma ne utilizzavano anche il pelo e la pelle. Il comportamento anti-predatorio del silvilago del deserto consiste generalmente nel fuggire via zig-zagando; può raggiungere velocità superiori ai 30 km/h. Contro predatori di piccole dimensioni si difende scalciando.

I piccoli vedono la luce in una stretta tana o direttamente sul suolo, ma sono bisognosi di tutto e non lasciano il covo fino all'età di tre settimane. Dove il clima e le disponibilità alimentari lo permettono, le femmine danno alla luce più nidiate all'anno. Diversamente dal coniglio europeo, i silvilaghi non costruiscono sistemi di tane in comune, ma rispetto ad altri Leporidi sono relativamente tolleranti nei confronti di altri individui nelle vicinanze.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( malèis )

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Arnab Ekor Kapas Gurun (Sylvilagus audubonii), juga dikenali sebagai Arnab Ekor Kapas Audubon, ialah sejenis arnab ekor kapas Dunia Baru yang menganggotai famili Leporidae.

Arnab Ekor Kapas Gurun ditemui di seluruh Amerika Syarikat barat, dari Montana timur hingga Texas barat, dan Mexico utara dan tengah. Taburannya menjangkau ke arah barat hingga Nevada tengah, California selatan dan Baja California.[1] Ia ditemui di kawasan aras tinggi sampai 2,000 meter. Walaupun dikaitkan dengan kawasan padang rumput yang kering seolah-olah gurun di kawasan barat daya Amerika, namun arnab ini juga ditemui di habitat yang kurang gersang seperti hutan pinyon-juniper.


Rujukan

  1. ^ a b Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008) Sylvilagus audubonii di: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Diterima pada 01 February 2010.

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan: Sylvilagus audubonii.
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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( malèis )

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Arnab Ekor Kapas Gurun (Sylvilagus audubonii), juga dikenali sebagai Arnab Ekor Kapas Audubon, ialah sejenis arnab ekor kapas Dunia Baru yang menganggotai famili Leporidae.

Arnab Ekor Kapas Gurun ditemui di seluruh Amerika Syarikat barat, dari Montana timur hingga Texas barat, dan Mexico utara dan tengah. Taburannya menjangkau ke arah barat hingga Nevada tengah, California selatan dan Baja California. Ia ditemui di kawasan aras tinggi sampai 2,000 meter. Walaupun dikaitkan dengan kawasan padang rumput yang kering seolah-olah gurun di kawasan barat daya Amerika, namun arnab ini juga ditemui di habitat yang kurang gersang seperti hutan pinyon-juniper.


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Woestijnkatoenstaartkonijn ( olandèis; flamand )

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Het woestijnkatoenstaartkonijn (Sylvilagus audubonii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1858.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Mexico en de Verenigde Staten.

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Woestijnkatoenstaartkonijn: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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Het woestijnkatoenstaartkonijn (Sylvilagus audubonii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Baird in 1858.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( portughèis )

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O Coelho-do-deserto ou coelho-de-Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii) é um leporídeo norte-americano.

Referências

  • HOFFMAN, R. S., ANDREW, T. S. (2005). in WILSON, D. E., REEDER, D. M. (eds). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3ª ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2.142 pp. 2 vol.
  • Lagomorpha Specialist Group 1996. Sylvilagus audubonii. IUCN 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Acessado em 21 de janeiro de 2008.
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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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O Coelho-do-deserto ou coelho-de-Audubon (Sylvilagus audubonii) é um leporídeo norte-americano.

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Ökenkanin ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Ökenkanin (Sylvilagus audubonii[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Baird 1858. Sylvilagus audubonii ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner.[10][11] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Arten blir 37 till 40 cm lång, inklusive en 4 till 6 cm lång svans och den väger 756 till 1250 g. Honor är allmänt lite större än hannar. Ökenkaninen har 8,1 till 9,4 cm långa bakfötter och 7,0 till 7,5 cm långa öron.[12] På ovansidan förekommer grå päls och undersidan är täckt av vit päls. Samma färguppdelning finns på svansen.[13] Djurets öron slutar i en spets och morrhåren har en svart färg. Fötterna är inte lika bra täckt med päls som hos andra bomullssvanskaniner.[12]

Utbredning och habitat

Denna bomullssvanskanin förekommer i centrala och västra Nordamerika. Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig från Montana och North Dakota till centrala Mexiko. I bergstrakter når arten 1800 meter över havet eller lite till. Arten vistas inte bara i öknar utan även i öppna skogar och på gräsmarker som prärien.[1]

Ekologi

Individerna är främst aktiva mellan skymningen och gryningen. De äter gräs eller andra växtdelar. Honor föder 2 till 4 ungar per kull. Den genomsnittliga livslängden är med 19 månader ganska kort.[1]

Ökenkaninen har simförmåga och den kan klättra i trädens och buskarnas låga delar. Klättringsförmågan delas inom släktet bara med buskkaninen. Liksom hos andra bomullssvanskaninen riktas svansens undersida upp vid fara vad som är en signal till artfränder. Arten väntar ibland orörlig på samma position men när faran är akut söker kaninen skydd vid närmaste buske. Honor kan ibland bilda mindre grupper med upp till tre medlemmar och hannar lever främst ensam.[12]

Före ungarnas födelse skapar honan en fördjupning i marken som fodras med gräs, andra torra växtdelar och med hår. Dräktigheten varar ungefär 28 dagar. Ungarna är vid födelsen cirka 9 cm lång, blinda och täckta med kort päls. De öppnar sina ögon efter cirka 10 dagar och börjar utforska området närmast boet. Könsmognaden uppnås efter ungefär 80 dagar.[12]

Ökenkaninen jagas av alla medelstora och stora rovdjur som förekommer i samma region och den faller offer för ugglor, falkfåglar samt ormar.[12]

Fler bilder

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[10]

  • S. a. audubonii
  • S. a. arizonae
  • S. a. baileyi
  • S. a. confinis
  • S. a. goldmani
  • S. a. minor
  • S. a. warreni

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Sylvilagus audubonii Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and Sue Ruff, eds. (1999) , The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals
  6. ^ (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  7. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2, Sylvilagus audubonii
  8. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  9. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  10. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (15 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/sylvilagus+audubonii/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  11. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  12. ^ [a b c d e] Chapman & Willner (21 september 1978). Sylvilagus audubonii (på engelska). Mammalian Species #106. American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-106-01-0001.pdf. Läst 18 mars 2017.
  13. ^ Chapman & Flux (1990). Sylvilagus audubonii. Rabbits, Hares and Pika. IUCN. sid. 97. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1

Externa länkar

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Ökenkanin: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Ökenkanin (Sylvilagus audubonii) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av Baird 1858. Sylvilagus audubonii ingår i släktet bomullssvanskaniner, och familjen harar och kaniner. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Sylvilagus audubonii ( ucrain )

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  1. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). Sylvilagus audubonii: інформація на сайті МСОП (англ.) 1 February 2010


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Sylvilagus audubonii: Brief Summary ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK
Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). Sylvilagus audubonii: інформація на сайті МСОП (англ.) 1 February 2010


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Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc (danh pháp hai phần: Sylvilagus audubonii) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ, được Baird mô tả năm 1858.[1]. Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc được tìm thấy trên khắp miền Tây Hoa Kỳ từ đông Montana miền tây Texas, và ở miền bắc và miền trung Mexico. Về phía tây mở rộng phạm vi của nó đến trung tâm Nevada và Nam California và Baja California. Nó được tìm thấy ở độ cao lên đến 2000 mét. Nó đặc biệt liên kết với các đồng cỏ khô hạn gần sa mạc phía Tây Nam Mỹ, mặc dù nó cũng được tìm thấy trong môi trường sống ít khô cằn như rừng pinyon-bách.

Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc có bề ngoài khá tương tự với thỏ châu Âu, mặc dù đôi tai của nó lớn hơn và thường dựng đứng. Nó cũng là một động vật có tính xã hội, thường tụ tập trong các nhóm nhỏ để nuôi.Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc thường sử dụng các hang của các loài động vật gặm nhấm khác hơn là tự đào. Giống như tất cả những con thỏ đuôi bông, Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc có một cái đuôi tròn với bộ lông trắng ở mặt dưới có thể nhìn thấy nó chạy đi. Nó có màu nâu xám nhạt, có bộ lông gần như trắng trên bụng. Con trưởng thành dài 33–43 cm và cân nặng tới 1,5 kg (3,3 lb). Đôi tai dài 8–10 cm, và chân sau rất lớn, dài khoảng 7,5 cm. Là loài dị hình giới tính, nhưng con cái có xu hướng lớn hơn con đực, nhưng có phạm vi nhà nhỏ hơn nhiều, khoảng 4.000 m² so với khoảng 60.000 m² cho con đực.

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă â Hoffman, R. S.; Smith, A. T. (2005). “Order Lagomorpha”. Trong Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (ấn bản 3). Johns Hopkins University Press. tr. 208. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494. Lỗi chú thích: Thẻ không hợp lệ: tên “msw3” được định rõ nhiều lần, mỗi lần có nội dung khác
  2. ^ Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008) Sylvilagus audubonii Trong: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Ấn bản 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 2 năm 2010.

Tham khảo

Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc (danh pháp hai phần: Sylvilagus audubonii) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ, được Baird mô tả năm 1858.. Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc được tìm thấy trên khắp miền Tây Hoa Kỳ từ đông Montana miền tây Texas, và ở miền bắc và miền trung Mexico. Về phía tây mở rộng phạm vi của nó đến trung tâm Nevada và Nam California và Baja California. Nó được tìm thấy ở độ cao lên đến 2000 mét. Nó đặc biệt liên kết với các đồng cỏ khô hạn gần sa mạc phía Tây Nam Mỹ, mặc dù nó cũng được tìm thấy trong môi trường sống ít khô cằn như rừng pinyon-bách.

Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc có bề ngoài khá tương tự với thỏ châu Âu, mặc dù đôi tai của nó lớn hơn và thường dựng đứng. Nó cũng là một động vật có tính xã hội, thường tụ tập trong các nhóm nhỏ để nuôi.Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc thường sử dụng các hang của các loài động vật gặm nhấm khác hơn là tự đào. Giống như tất cả những con thỏ đuôi bông, Thỏ đuôi bông sa mạc có một cái đuôi tròn với bộ lông trắng ở mặt dưới có thể nhìn thấy nó chạy đi. Nó có màu nâu xám nhạt, có bộ lông gần như trắng trên bụng. Con trưởng thành dài 33–43 cm và cân nặng tới 1,5 kg (3,3 lb). Đôi tai dài 8–10 cm, và chân sau rất lớn, dài khoảng 7,5 cm. Là loài dị hình giới tính, nhưng con cái có xu hướng lớn hơn con đực, nhưng có phạm vi nhà nhỏ hơn nhiều, khoảng 4.000 m² so với khoảng 60.000 m² cho con đực.

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Степной кролик ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Степные кролики более социальны и терпимы к представителям своего вида, чем другие Sylvilagus

Степной кролики обычно не активны в середине дня, но их можно увидеть рано утром или поздно вечером. Они, в основном, едят злаки, но способны есть и многие другие растения, разнотравие, овощи и даже кактусы. Они редко нуждаются в водопое, получая необходимую влагу преимущественно из растений он ест поедаемых или вместе с росой. Как и большинство зайцеобразных, этот вид копрофаг, жует и повторно переваривает свои экскременты. Это позволяет извлечь больше питательных веществ[3].

Многие пустынные животные охотятся на кроликов, в том числе хищные птицы, различные куньи (включая ласок), койоты, красные и канадские рыси, волки, пумы, змеи, люди и иногда даже суслики[4]. Индейцы юго-запада охотились на них ради мяса, но также использовали их мех и шкуры.

Обычное поведение степного кролика при появлении хищника — это бегство быстрыми зигзагами, при этом кролик может развивать скорость более 30 км в час. От мелких хищников или других степных кроликов они обороняются при помощи ударов и толчков передними лапами[3].

Молодые рождаются в неглубокой норе или над землей, но, когда родятся, они беспомощны и не покидают гнездо, в течение трёх недель. Там, где климатические условия и наличие пищу позволяют, самки могут производить несколько помётов в год. Как и другие представители рода Sylvilagus, степные кролики в отличие от европейского кролика не образуют социальной системы норы, но по сравнению с некоторыми другими зайцеобразными, они чрезвычайно терпимы к присутствию других особей в непосредственной близости.

Биомеханика кормёжки

 src=
Двухмесячный степной кролик поедает морковь, без помощи передних лап. Калифорния

В отличие от белок и бурундуков, которые едят, сидя на задних конечностях, и могут, держа пищу передними лапами, быстро её съедать, вращая по кругу, степные кролики, как и все зайцеобразные, едят на четвереньках, и способны только с помощью кончика морды двигать и регулировать положение пищи. Единственная ситуация, когда кролик использует передние лапы, чтобы начать питание, это в тех случаях, когда растительность расположена на живом растении прямо над его головой. Кролики поднимают лапу, чтобы согнуть ветку, подтягивая источник пищи в пределы досягаемости.

Примечания

  1. Beolens B., Watkins M., Grayson M., The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. P. 20.
  2. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). «Sylvilagus audubonii». IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  3. 1 2 3 Desert cottontail rabbit (неопр.). Nevada Department of Wildlife. Проверено 5 января 2013. Архивировано 7 января 2013 года.
  4. Eastern Cottontail (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка). Архивировано 29 января 2013 года.
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Степной кролик: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src= Степные кролики более социальны и терпимы к представителям своего вида, чем другие Sylvilagus

Степной кролики обычно не активны в середине дня, но их можно увидеть рано утром или поздно вечером. Они, в основном, едят злаки, но способны есть и многие другие растения, разнотравие, овощи и даже кактусы. Они редко нуждаются в водопое, получая необходимую влагу преимущественно из растений он ест поедаемых или вместе с росой. Как и большинство зайцеобразных, этот вид копрофаг, жует и повторно переваривает свои экскременты. Это позволяет извлечь больше питательных веществ.

Многие пустынные животные охотятся на кроликов, в том числе хищные птицы, различные куньи (включая ласок), койоты, красные и канадские рыси, волки, пумы, змеи, люди и иногда даже суслики. Индейцы юго-запада охотились на них ради мяса, но также использовали их мех и шкуры.

Обычное поведение степного кролика при появлении хищника — это бегство быстрыми зигзагами, при этом кролик может развивать скорость более 30 км в час. От мелких хищников или других степных кроликов они обороняются при помощи ударов и толчков передними лапами.

Молодые рождаются в неглубокой норе или над землей, но, когда родятся, они беспомощны и не покидают гнездо, в течение трёх недель. Там, где климатические условия и наличие пищу позволяют, самки могут производить несколько помётов в год. Как и другие представители рода Sylvilagus, степные кролики в отличие от европейского кролика не образуют социальной системы норы, но по сравнению с некоторыми другими зайцеобразными, они чрезвычайно терпимы к присутствию других особей в непосредственной близости.

Биомеханика кормёжки  src= Двухмесячный степной кролик поедает морковь, без помощи передних лап. Калифорния

В отличие от белок и бурундуков, которые едят, сидя на задних конечностях, и могут, держа пищу передними лапами, быстро её съедать, вращая по кругу, степные кролики, как и все зайцеобразные, едят на четвереньках, и способны только с помощью кончика морды двигать и регулировать положение пищи. Единственная ситуация, когда кролик использует передние лапы, чтобы начать питание, это в тех случаях, когда растительность расположена на живом растении прямо над его головой. Кролики поднимают лапу, чтобы согнуть ветку, подтягивая источник пищи в пределы досягаемости.

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사막솜꼬리토끼 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

사막솜꼬리토끼 또는 오듀본솜꼬리토끼(Sylvilagus audubonii)는 토끼과에 속하는 신대륙 솜꼬리토끼의 일종이다. 몬태나주 동부에서 텍사스주 서부까지의 미국 서부 지역과 멕시코 북부와 중부 지역에서 발견된다. 이 분포 지역은 네바다주 중부와 캘리포니아주 남부와 바하칼리포르니아주에 이르는 서쪽 지역까지 확장되기도 한다.[2]

각주

  1. Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). 〈Order Lagomorpha〉 [토끼목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 208쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Mexican Association for Conservation and Study of Lagomorphs (AMCELA), Romero Malpica, F.J. & Rangel Cordero, H. (2008). Sylvilagus audubonii. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2009.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 01 February 2010에 확인함.
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