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Very uncertain determination. According to Wirth (1995) this is the only amphibious Verrucaria on calcareous rock. But, it is not listed in Pruegger et all., Catalogue of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia for NW Slovenia (alpine phytogeographical region). On the other hand, The Information System on Italian Lichens, http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/askita1.html shows its distribution in extreme NE Italy, a region just bordering Posocje having similar habitats. It may not be Verrucaria at all. Ref: V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p965 Habitat: cold mountain stream shore, partly shady in a narrow alpine valley, humid air, exposed to rain and sun (a few hours a day only), precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: occasionally submerged calcareous cobble of about 13 cm diameter.
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Slo.: ? Determination not certain. - Habitat: upland stony pasture, slightly south inclined, fully exposed to rain/snow and light, partly sunny, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 0-2 average temperature deg C, altitude 1.950m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region Substratum: vertical face of a calcareous rock
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Habitat: Scree slopes with boulders under southwest slopes of a mountain, fully exposed to sun, partly protected against direct rain, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: calcareous boulder, in a crevice, vertically oriented. - Comment: Determination highly uncertain. Based on field characters only. E. pulvinatum is not mentioned in U. Suppan, J. Pruegger, and H. Mayrhofer, The Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia, Lichen biodiversity in Slovenia (2000), Uni. Graz, (http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ ). Description: Squamules from concave elliptic to almost round in cross-section, mostly the broadest in the upper part, all around with a thin, dark, almost black, quite hard cortex and a thin but distinct, vivid green, alga layer beneath. Inside is filled with a whitish, rather loose net of hyphae fibers. Peritecia mouths can not be seen by 10x magnifier. Ref.: I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p308.
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Compilation of multiple photos taken at different points in time; taken both in field and in lab.
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Habitat: Trail side through partly forested mountains, SE exposition, nearly full sun, mostly a dry place, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 10 deg C, elevation 370m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substrate: vertical to over hanged naked rock surface
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This micrograph depicts the conidia-laden conidiophores of a fungal organism of the genus Exophiala.Created: 1971
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This micrograph depicts the histopathologic changes seen in black grain mycetoma due to Exophiala salmonis.Created: 1971
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F - Herbarium, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
INBio
Talo escuamuloso de Normandina pulchella Fr.Foto: Robert Lücking.
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This micrograph depicts the conidia-laden conidiophores of a fungal organism of the genus Exophiala.Created: 1971
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This micrograph depicts the conidia-laden conidiophores of the fungal organism Exophiala salmonis.Created: 1970
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Very uncertain determination. According to Wirth (1995) this is the only amphibious Verrucaria on calcareous rock. But, it is not listed in Pruegger et all., Catalogue of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia for NW Slovenia (alpine phytogeographical region). On the other hand, The Information System on Italian Lichens, http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/askita1.html shows its distribution in extreme NE Italy, a region just bordering Posocje having similar habitats. It may not be Verrucaria at all. Ref: V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p965 Habitat: cold mountain stream shore, partly shady in a narrow alpine valley, humid air, exposed to rain and sun (a few hours a day only), precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: occasionally submerged calcareous cobble of about 13 cm diameter.
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Slo.: ? Determination not certain. - Habitat: upland stony pasture, slightly south inclined, fully exposed to rain/snow and light, partly sunny, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 0-2 average temperature deg C, altitude 1.950m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region Substratum: vertical face of a calcareous rock
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Habitat: Scree slopes with boulders under southwest slopes of a mountain, fully exposed to sun, partly protected against direct rain, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: calcareous boulder, in a crevice, vertically oriented. - Comment: Determination highly uncertain. Based on field characters only. E. pulvinatum is not mentioned in U. Suppan, J. Pruegger, and H. Mayrhofer, The Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia, Lichen biodiversity in Slovenia (2000), Uni. Graz, (http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ ). Description: Squamules from concave elliptic to almost round in cross-section, mostly the broadest in the upper part, all around with a thin, dark, almost black, quite hard cortex and a thin but distinct, vivid green, alga layer beneath. Inside is filled with a whitish, rather loose net of hyphae fibers. Peritecia mouths can not be seen by 10x magnifier. Ref.: I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p308.
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Habitat: Trail side through partly forested mountains, SE exposition, nearly full sun, mostly a dry place, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 10 deg C, elevation 370m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substrate: vertical to over hanged naked rock surface
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This slide culture of the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi, revealed the presence of a phialide with accompanying phialospores.Created: 1972
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This micrograph depicts the conidia-laden conidiophores of the fungal organism Exophiala salmonis.Created: 1970
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Very uncertain determination. According to Wirth (1995) this is the only amphibious Verrucaria on calcareous rock. But, it is not listed in Pruegger et all., Catalogue of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia for NW Slovenia (alpine phytogeographical region). On the other hand, The Information System on Italian Lichens, http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/askita1.html shows its distribution in extreme NE Italy, a region just bordering Posocje having similar habitats. It may not be Verrucaria at all. Ref: V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p965 Habitat: cold mountain stream shore, partly shady in a narrow alpine valley, humid air, exposed to rain and sun (a few hours a day only), precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 480 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: occasionally submerged calcareous cobble of about 13 cm diameter.
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Slo.: ? Determination not certain. - Habitat: upland stony pasture, slightly south inclined, fully exposed to rain/snow and light, partly sunny, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 0-2 average temperature deg C, altitude 1.950m (6.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region Substratum: vertical face of a calcareous rock
