^ abcCurran, C. H. (1927). "Synopsis of the Canadian Stratiomyidae (Diptera)". Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. Third Series. 21 (Section V): 191–228.
^Lindner, E. (1964). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der neotropischen Pachygasterinae (Stratiomyiidae, Dipt.)". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. 129 (1–22).
^James, M. T. (1965). "Contributions to our knowledge of the Nearctic Pachygasterinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 58 (8): 902–908.
^Lindner, E. (1935). "Athiopische Stratiomyiiden (Dipt.)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 1934: 291–316.