Malus coronaria (L.) P. Mill.

Malus bracteata (lat. Malus bracteata) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin alma ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Malus coronaria (lat. Malus coronaria) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin alma ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Malus glabrata (lat. Malus glabrata) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin alma ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Malus glaucescens (lat. Malus glaucescens) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin alma ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Malus lancifolia (lat. Malus lancifolia) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin alma ağacı cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Malus coronaria, also known by the names sweet crabapple or garland crab,^[3] is a North American species of Malus (crabapple).

Description

Malus coronaria often is a bushy shrub with rigid, contorted branches, but frequently becomes a small tree up to 10 metres (33 feet) tall, with a broad open crown. Its flowering time is about two weeks later than that of the domestic apple, and its fragrant fruit clings to the branches on clustered stems long after the leaves have fallen.^[4]

The bark is reddish brown, longitudinally fissured, with surface separating in narrow scales. Branchlets at first coated with thick white wool, later they become smooth reddish brown; they develop in their second year long, spur-like branches and sometimes absolute thorns 2.5 centimetres (1 inch) or more in length.

The wood is reddish brown, the sapwood yellow; it is heavy, close-grained, not strong. Used for the handles of tools and small domestic articles. It has a specific gravity of 0.7048; and density 703.5 kilograms per cubic metre (43.92 pounds per cubic foot).

Its winter buds are bright red, obtuse, minute. Inner scales grow with the growing shoot, become 15 millimetres (1⁄2 in) long and bright red before they fall.

Its leaves alternate, and are simple, ovate, 7.5–10 cm (3–4 in) long, 4–5 cm (1+1⁄2–2 in) broad, obtuse, subcordate or acute at base, incisely serrate, often three-lobed on vigorous shoots, acute at apex. Feather-veined, midrib and primary veins grooved above, prominent beneath. They come out of the bud involute, red bronze, tomentose and downy; when full grown are bright dark green above, paler beneath. In autumn, they turn yellow. Petioles slender, long, often with two dark glands near the middle. Stipules filiform, 15 mm (1⁄2 in) long, early deciduous.

The flowers bloom from May to June, when leaves are nearly grown. Perfect, rose-colored, fragrant, 4–5 cm (1+1⁄2–2 in) across. They are borne in five or six-flowered umbels on slender pedicels. The calyx is urn-shaped, downy or tomentose, five-lobed; lobes slender, acute, persistent, imbricate in bud. The corolla has five petals, is rose colored, ob ovate, rounded above, with long narrow claws, undulate or crenelate at margin, inserted on the calyx tube, imbricate in bud. There are 10–20 stamens, inserted on the calyx tube, shorter than the petals; filaments by a partial twist forming a tube narrowed in the middle and enlarged above; anthers introrse, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally. The pistil consists of five carpels inserted in the bottom of the calyx tube and united into an inferior ovary; styles five; stigma capitate; ovules two in each cell.

The fruit is a pome or apple ripening in October. Depressed-globular, 2.5–4 cm (1–1+1⁄2 in) in diameter, crowned with calyx lobes and remnant of filaments; yellow green, delightfully fragrant, surface sometimes waxy. Flesh white, delicate and charged with malic acid. Seeds two or, by abortion, one in each cell, chestnut brown shining; cotyledons fleshy.^[4]

Taxonomy

Two varieties are known:^[3]

• Malus coronaria var. coronaria
• Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx

Distribution and habitat

The species grows primarily in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, with outlying populations as far away as Alabama, eastern Kansas, and Long Island.^[5] It prefers rich moist soil.

Uses

The fruit is made into both preserves and cider.^[6] Pehr Kalm, a disciple of 18-century botanist Carl Linnaeus, wrote of the fruit:

The apples, or crabs, are small, sour and unfit for anything but to make vinegar of. They lie under the trees all winter and acquire a yellow color. They seldom begin to rot before spring comes on.^[4]

References

Malus coronaria, el Manzano silvestre americano,^[2]​ es una especie arbórea de la familia de las rosáceas. Se trata de una especie norteamericana de Malus (manzano).

Descripción

A menudo es un arbusto con ramas rígidas y retorcidas, pero frecuentemente se convierte en un árbol pequeño con una copa amplia abierta. Prefiere un suelo rico y húmedo y abunda sobre todo al este del río Misisipi. Alcanza su mayor tamaño en los valles de la cuenca del Ohio inferior. Su tiempo de florecimiento es de alrededor de dos semanas más tarde que el manzano doméstico, y su fruto fragante cuelga de las ramas en racimos después de que hayan caído las hojas.^[3]​

Taxones inferiores

Malus coronaria var. coronaria
Malus coronaria var. dasycalyx^[4]​

Taxonomía

Malus coronaria fue descrita por Carlos Linneo & Mill. y publicado en The Gardeners Dictionary: . . . eighth edition Malus no. 2, en el año 1768.^[5]​

Sinonimia

• Sorbus coronaria (L.) MacMill.
• Pyrus coronaria L. basónimo^[6]​

Referencias

Bibliografía

1. Anonymous. 1986. List-Based Rec., Soil Conserv. Serv., U.S.D.A. Database of the U.S.D.A., Beltsville.
2. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
3. Small, J. K. 1933. Man. S.E. Fl. i–xxii, 1–1554. Published by the Author, New York.
4. Voss, E. G. 1985. Michigan Flora. Part II Dicots (Saururaceae-Cornaceae). Bull. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. 59. xix + 724.

La Malus coronoria est un pommier originaire de la côte est de l'Amérique du Nord. On le reconnaît à la forme très plate et à l'aspect cireux de ses fruits. Il se caractérise également par la couleur argentée de son bois. Les pommes qu'il donne n'ont aucun goût mais elles sont comestibles.

Galerie

Références

Táo dại quả ngọt (danh pháp hai phần: Malus coronaria) là một loài thực vật thuộc chi Hải đường.

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Phương tiện liên quan tới Malus coronaria tại Wikimedia Commons

По данным The Plant List^[2]:

• Pyrus bracteata (Rehder) L.H.Bailey
• Pyrus coronaria L.