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Plancia ëd Peringia ulvae (Pennant 1777)
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Peringia ulvae (Pennant 1777)

Biology ( Anglèis )

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This snail is often found in extremely high densities; up to 300,000 individuals have been recorded per square metre (1). When covered by the tide, it floats upside down on the surface of the water on a 'raft' of mucus (2). When the tide has gone out, this snail often climbs up vertical objects in order to browse (1). It feeds on silt, fungi, and diatoms, which it scrapes from the sediment surface with the radula, a narrow structure in molluscs that bears teeth and is used to rasp food (2). When floating, the snail also feeds on particles that become trapped in the mucus raft (2). Breeding occurs in spring and autumn (1); the sexes are separate, and fertilisation occurs internally (2). Egg masses of 4-8 eggs are usually cemented onto the shells of other laver spire snails and become covered with a protective layer of sand grains (2). There is some dispute as to the biology of the larval stage; research has shown that the larvae are planktonic, whereas other researchers have found that there is no planktonic stage, and that the larvae live on the substrate (1).
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Conservation ( Anglèis )

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One of the major habitats supporting this species, mudflats, is a priority habitat under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP). It therefore has a conservation Action Plan. Many mudflats are protected by UK and European legislation, and have been designated as protected areas including Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs). Mudflats and sandflats are listed as an Annex 1 habitat under the EC Habitats Directive (3).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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The laver spire snail, also known as the mudsnail, has a small, spiralling shell, which is brown to yellow in colour. The snail is grey with spots of pigment (1), and the tentacles are pale with a dark patch towards the tips (2).
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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This species is found on mudflats, muddy sand, in estuaries (2) and in saltmarshes (1); it is most common on the middle and upper parts of the shore (2), although it has been found at depths of 100 metres (1). It is often associated with sea-grass beds (1).
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Range ( Anglèis )

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Widely distributed around all of the coasts of Britain. It is also found in north-west Europe (2).
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Status ( Anglèis )

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Common and widespread.
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Threats ( Anglèis )

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Not currently threatened.
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Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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Wadslakjes zijn klein maar belangrijk. Ze worden door veel dieren gegeten. De ontlasting van deze slakjes kit het zand en slik aan elkaar en zorgt ervoor dat de bodem niet wegspoelt. Wadslakjes kunnen kruipen en bij hoogwater drijven met behulp van een slijmbelletje aan de onderkant van het dier waarmee het ondersteboven aan het oppervlak met de wind en golven mee drijft.
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Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Laver spire shells are small but important. They are food for many animals. Furthermore, their droppings glue sand and mud together, contributing to the stability of the sea floor. Laver spire shells can crawl and during high tide, even float. By making a slime bubble on the underside of the shell, they hang in an upside down position under the water surface and drift with the wind and waves.
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Stor dyndsnegl ( Danèis )

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Stor dyndsnegl (Hydrobia ulvae) er en marin snegl i gruppen forgællesnegle, der har en 5-7 millimeter høj skal. Den ses ofte i meget stor mængde på sand- og slikvaderne i de mere salte dele af vore farvande. Stor dyndsnegl findes ofte sammen med slikkrebsen. I VadehavetSønderjyllands vestkyst har man fundet indtil 60.000 pr. kvadratmeter.[1]

Levevis

Dyndsneglen lever af nedbrudt organisk materiale eller alger som fx havsalat (Ulva lactuca), der har givet den store dyndsnegl dens videnskabelige artsnavn.[2][3] Blandt dens naturlige fjender tæller f.eks. hættemågen. Når vandet trækker sig tilbage ved ebbe, følger mågerne efter på havbunden og tager dyndsneglene. Det kan gøre ondt at træde på dem med bare fødder på grund af de spidse skaller.[4]

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Spor i sandet efter stor dyndsnegl

Kilder/Henvisninger

  1. ^ Mandahl-Barth, Skytte Christiansen, Østergaard. Hvad finder jeg på stranden. Side 119-120. Politikens Forlag. 12. udgave 1986.
  2. ^ "Species summary for Peringia ulvae". AnimalBase, Hentet 10. sep. 2015.
  3. ^ Pennant T. (1777). British zoology. Vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. pp. 1-3, iii-viii, 1-10, 1-154, Plates 1-93. London, White. Side 132.
  4. ^ www.naturligvis.u-net.dk. Dyrs tilpasninger: Dyndsneglen. Arkiveret udgave fra 2008.
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Stor dyndsnegl: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

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Stor dyndsnegl (Hydrobia ulvae) er en marin snegl i gruppen forgællesnegle, der har en 5-7 millimeter høj skal. Den ses ofte i meget stor mængde på sand- og slikvaderne i de mere salte dele af vore farvande. Stor dyndsnegl findes ofte sammen med slikkrebsen. I VadehavetSønderjyllands vestkyst har man fundet indtil 60.000 pr. kvadratmeter.

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Gemeine Wattschnecke ( Alman )

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Die Gemeine Wattschnecke (Peringia ulvae, Syn.: Hydrobia ulvae) ist eine Schneckenart aus der Gattung Peringia in der Familie der Wasserdeckelschnecken (Hydrobiidae).

Merkmale

Das Gehäuse ist hochkonisch rechtsgewunden und wird bis 9 mm hoch. Es hat sieben Umgänge mit nur leicht gewölbten Windungsflanken. Die Naht ist verhältnismäßig flach, der Nabel eng. Die Öffnung ist oval, oben leicht gespitzt und besitzt einen scharfen Rand.

Vorkommen, Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Die Gemeine Wattschnecke lebt in den Wattenmeeren der Nord- und westlichen Ostsee, aber auch an den Küsten des Atlantik und des Mittelmeers. Im Süden reicht das Verbreitungsgebiet bis zum Senegal. Sie kommt dort in sehr großen Populationen auf Sandböden vor, seltener auf Algen oder in Wohnröhren von bodenlebenden Tieren, wo sie Grünalgen (Ulva lactuca), Kieselalgen und Bakterien fressen. Auf einem Quadratmeter Watt können bis zu 50.000 Wattschnecken leben.

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Spuren von Wattschnecken

Wattschnecken zeigen ein vom Wechsel der Gezeiten abhängiges Verhalten. Bei auflaufender Flut heften sich die Schnecken mit dem Fuß nach oben an die Wasseroberfläche, lassen sich treiben und bilden ein Schleimband, an dem ihre Nahrung kleben bleibt. Bei einsetzender Ebbe lassen sie sich fallen und bleiben auf dem Sand liegen, bis sie auf dem Trockenen sind. Dann beginnt eine zweite Phase der Nahrungssuche, diesmal vom sandigen Untergrund. Nach einiger Zeit graben sie sich dann in den Sand ein und warten auf die Flut.

Aufgrund ihres reichlichen Vorkommens wird sehr viel Kot und Schleim produziert, die den Sand verkleben. Dadurch kann er durch die Strömung weniger gut wegtransportiert werden. Außerdem wird die Ablagerung von neuem Sand auf der klebrigen Unterlage begünstigt.

Literatur

  • Rainer Willmann: Muscheln und Schnecken der Nord- und Ostsee. Neumann, Neudamm 1989, ISBN 3-7888-0555-2.
  • WoRMS: World Register of Marine Species, Zugriff am 11. November 2013.

Weblinks

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Gemeine Wattschnecke: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Die Gemeine Wattschnecke (Peringia ulvae, Syn.: Hydrobia ulvae) ist eine Schneckenart aus der Gattung Peringia in der Familie der Wasserdeckelschnecken (Hydrobiidae).

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Peringia ulvae ( Anglèis )

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Peringia ulvae (or Hydrobia ulvae), common name the Laver spire shell or mudsnail, is a European species of very small aquatic snail with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.[2]

This is arguably a marine snail, but it is often also listed as a non-marine species because it tolerates brackish water and lives in salt marshes and similar habitats.

Peringia ulvae is the type species of the genus Peringia.[4]

Distribution

This species occurs on the coasts of the Baltic Sea, the White Sea[5] the Eastern Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea,[3] (the Mediterranean records may be in error) [6] including:

The type locality is "on the shores of Flintshire", Wales, United Kingdom.[1] The distribution type is Oceanic Wide Temperate

Shells of P. ulvae
The engraving of a shell of Peringia ulvae from its original description (1777) was very small

Description

This species was originally described by Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant in 1777.[1] Pennant's original text (the type description) reads as follows:[1]

Ulvae.

T. with four spires, the first ventricose; of a deep brown color; aperture oval.
Size of a grain of wheat.
Tab. lxxxvi. fig. 120.

Inhabits Ulva Lactuca on the shores of Flintshire.

"T." is an abbreviated word testa from Latin language, that means "shell".

The shell is often heavily corroded, usually whitish with brown peristome present on the last whorl.[3] The shell has 5-7 very weakly convex whorls, that are regularly increasing but not always regularly rounded.[3] The lip is attached to the last whorl.[3]

The width of the shell is 2.5–3 mm.[3] The height of the shell is 4-5.5 mm.[3]

Habitat

A number of individuals of Peringia ulvae on mud

Peringia ulvae is a widespread and abundant member of the benthic fauna of estuarine habitats and coastal brackish and salt waters.[7][3] It is very common in brackish water and saltwater, in estuaries and salt marshes.[3] It is most common in the upper half of the intertidal zone.[3] It tolerates salinity 1.0-3.3 %.[3]

Peringia ulvae seems to prefer more exposed localities with less vegetation than the mudsnails Ecrobia ventrosa and Hydrobia neglecta.[3]

Peringia ulvae feeds on detritus and it also consumes seaweeds directly.[3]

It is pederictional dioecious with sexes being easily identified through dissection.[7] On the west coast of Wales this species has peaks of spawning activity in spring and autumn and produces planktotrophic larvae (veliger)[8] that remain in the plankton for up to four weeks before settlement.[7] This period of development affords the potential for dispersal to new habitats and mixing with geographically separate populations.[7] The species provides an interesting case for molecular analysis as the pelagic dispersal phase raises fascinating questions on gene flow, differentiation, recruitment, and inbreeding, but there remains the potential for self-recruitment of estuarine populations.[7]

One of its natural predators is the Arctic barrel-bubble (Retusa obtusa). In Ireland Peringia ulvae is an important source of food for overwintering waders.

References

This article incorporates public domain text from references[3][1] and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[7]

  1. ^ a b c d e Pennant T. (1777). British zoology. Vol. IV. Crustacea. Mollusca. Testacea. pp. 1-3, iii-viii, 1-10, 1-154, Plates 1-93. London, White. page 132.
  2. ^ a b Gofas, S. (2010). Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant, 1777). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140126 on 2010-11-27.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Species summary for Peringia ulvae". AnimalBase, last modified 30 March 2009, accessed 16 September 2011.
  4. ^ "Genus summary for Peringia". AnimalBase, last modified 16 August 2006, accessed 16 September 2011.
  5. ^ Горбушин А. М. О видовом составе моллюсков рода Hydrobia (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) в Белом море //Зоол. журн. – 1993. – Т. 71. – №. 9. – С. 47-56.
  6. ^ Giusti, F., Manganelli, G. & Schembri, P. J. (1995) The non-marine molluscs of the Maltese Islands. Monografie XV, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino
  7. ^ a b c d e f Brownlow R. J., Dawson D. A., Horsburgh G. J., Bell J. J. & Fish J. D. (2008). "A method for genotype validation and primer assessment in heterozygote-deficient species, as demonstrated in the prosobranch mollusc Hydrobia ulvae". BMC Genetics 9: 55. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-55.
  8. ^ Fish J. D. & Fish S. (1977). "The veliger larva of Hydrobia ulvae with observations on the veliger of Littorina littorea (Mollusca: Prosobranchia)". Journal of Zoology 182(4): 495-503. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04165.x.
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Peringia ulvae: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Peringia ulvae (or Hydrobia ulvae), common name the Laver spire shell or mudsnail, is a European species of very small aquatic snail with gills and an operculum, a gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.

This is arguably a marine snail, but it is often also listed as a non-marine species because it tolerates brackish water and lives in salt marshes and similar habitats.

Peringia ulvae is the type species of the genus Peringia.

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Peringia ulvae ( Fransèis )

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Peringia ulvae (anciennement Hydrobia ulvae) est une espèce de petits gastéropodes de la famille des Hydrobiidae. C'est un déposivore de sub-surface qui présente également une activité de broutage[1]. Cette espèce est très communément retrouvée dans les sédiments vaseux.

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Peringia ulvae: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Peringia ulvae (anciennement Hydrobia ulvae) est une espèce de petits gastéropodes de la famille des Hydrobiidae. C'est un déposivore de sub-surface qui présente également une activité de broutage. Cette espèce est très communément retrouvée dans les sédiments vaseux.

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Cuachma shleabhcáin ( Irlandèis )

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Is moileasc í an chuachma shleabhcáin (Peringia ulvae nó uaireanta Hydrobia ulvae). Seilmide atá inti. Dúchasach do chóstaí na hEorpa.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Peringia ulvae ( portughèis )

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Peringia ulvae é uma espécie de molusco pertencente à família Hydrobiidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Pennant, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1777.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, incluindo a zona económica exclusiva.

Referências

  • Peringia ulvae - World Register of Marine Species (consultado em 29 de dezembro de 2013).

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Peringia ulvae: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Peringia ulvae é uma espécie de molusco pertencente à família Hydrobiidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Pennant, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1777.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, incluindo a zona económica exclusiva.

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