Diagnostic Description
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Small skate, with irregular darker spots and bars on dorsal surface. Translucent area on each side of mid-dorsal ridge on snout (Ref. 26938). Single row of thorns along the midridge of the back (Ref. 6902). Disk with dark brown bars and streaks and some spots. Front edges nearly straight or slightly concave (Ref. 7251).
- Recorder
- Grace Tolentino Pablico
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Empruthotrema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Life Cycle
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).From the work of Libby and Gilbert (1960) (Ref. 51117) and Luer and Gilbert (1985) (Ref. 38742) male and female clearnose skates mate side by side in an upright position (Ref. 49562). Actual copulation occurs when the male bites the caudal margin of the female's pectoral, bends his tail 75 degrees beneath hers and inserts one clasper, flexed ('splayed') medially 90 degrees, into her oviduct (Ref. 49562). A female displays 'back arching' and 'pectoral fin undulations' as precopulatory behavior to attract males (Ref. 49562).
Migration
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Trophic Strategy
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Inhabits inshore areas. Prefers waters of 10°-21°C. Feeds mainly on decapod crustaceans, bivalves, polychaetes, squids and fishes.
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Found from saltwater parts of estuaries and bays of 330 m (Ref. 26938). Inhabit inshore areas. Prefer waters of 10°-21°C. Feed mainly on decapod crustaceans, bivalves, polychaetes, squids and fishes (Ref. 3824). Breed while inshore (Ref. 6902). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.1-8.9 cm long and 3.8-5.7 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41307, 41301, 41358).
Importance
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; bait: occasionally; price category: medium; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus