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Comments ( Anglèis )

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Traditionally, two cytotypes have been recognized within Polypodium virginianum (I. Manton and M. Shivas 1953). Recent research has demonstrated that the tetraploid cytotype, which properly bears the name P . virginianum (R. Cranfill and D. M. Britton 1983), is an allopolyploid produced by hybridization between the diploid cytotype (here called P . appalachianum ) and P . sibiricum (C. H. Haufler and M. D. Windham 1991; C. H. Haufler and Wang Z. R. 1991). Although sometimes similar to its diploid parents in overall leaf morphology, P . virginianum has consistently larger spores, typically more than 52 µm (see additional comments under P . appalachianum and P . sibiricum ). Frequent hybridizations between P . virginianum and P . appalachianum form morphologically intermediate, triploid individuals with misshapen spores. Sterile triploids also result from hybridization between P . virginianum and P . sibiricum .
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Stems often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting; scales weakly bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, base and margins light brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins denticulate. Leaves to 40 cm. Petiole slender, to 2 mm diam. Blade oblong to narrowly lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest near middle, occasionally at or near base, to 7 cm wide, somewhat leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide. Segments oblong, less than 8 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. Venation free. Sori midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. Sporangiasters present, usually less than 40 per sorus, heads covered with glandular hairs. Spores more than 52 µm, tuberculate, surface projections more than 3 µm tall. 2 n = 148.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Sporulating summer--fall. Cliffs and rocky slopes; on a variety of substrates; 0--1800m.
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Synonym ( Anglèis )

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Polypodium vinlandicum A. Löve & D. Löve; P. vulgare Linnaeus var. americanum Hooker; P. vulgare var. virginianum (Linnaeus) D. C. Eaton
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Polypodium virginianum ( Anglèis )

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Polypodium virginianum, commonly known as rock polypody, rock cap fern, or common polypody, is a small evergreen species of fern native to the Eastern United States and Canada. It generally grows on rocks and occasionally on tree roots in nature.

Description

Polypodium virginianum is a small rhizomatous fern with narrow leaves 8–40 centimetres (3.1–15.7 in) long and 3–6 centimetres (1.2–2.4 in) wide borne on smooth, scaleless petioles 3–15 centimetres (1.2–5.9 in). Leaves are evergreen, oblong and pinnatifid with acuminate tips.

Large, circular sori are prominently featured on the underside of fertile fronds in late summer and autumn. Sporangia are intermixed with long brown glandular hairs.[2]

Underside of a fertile frond of Polypodium virginianum
Close up of the underside of a fertile frond of Polypodium virginianum
Close up
Numerous sori on the underside of a leaf

Taxonomy

Polypodium virginianum has several synonyms including: P. vinlandicum A. Love & D. Love, P. vulgare L. var. americanum Hooker,[3] P. vulgare L. var. virginianum (L.) D. C. Eaton.[4] It is generally treated as distinct, though some have recommended it is equally well treated as a North American variety of the circumboreal Polypodium vulgare.[2]

This species is an allotetraploid of hybrid origin, the parents being Polypodium appalachianum and P. sibiricum.

Distribution and habitat

Polypodium virginianum typically grows on boulders, cliffs, and rocky slopes and does not need well-developed soil. It is common throughout eastern North America; its native distribution ranges from Newfoundland to Yukon south to Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas.[2]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polypodium virginianum.
  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Polypodium virginianum Rock Polypody". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Gleason, Henry A.; Cronquist, Arthur (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, NY: The New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN 0-89327-365-1.
  3. ^ Esser, Karl; Kubitzki, Klaus; Runge, Michael; Schnepf, Eberhard; Ziegler, Hubert, eds. (1984). Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik: Morphology - Physiology. p. 331. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69985-6. ISBN 978-3-642-69985-6. S2CID 39463185.
  4. ^ Eilers, Lawrence J.; Roosa, Dean M. (1994). The Vascular Plants of Iowa: An Annotated Checklist and Natural History. University of Iowa Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-87745-463-9.
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Polypodium virginianum: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Polypodium virginianum, commonly known as rock polypody, rock cap fern, or common polypody, is a small evergreen species of fern native to the Eastern United States and Canada. It generally grows on rocks and occasionally on tree roots in nature.

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Polypodium virginianum ( Fransèis )

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Polypodium virginianum est une fougère de la famille des Polypodiaceae.

Synonymes

  • Polypodium vulgare auct. p.p. non L. (à ne pas confondre avec Polypodium vulgare L.)
  • Polypodium vulgare var. virginianum (L.) Eat.
  • Polypode de Virginie

Description

Cette plante pousse sur les rochers des montagnes des Appalaches et de la Montérégie. Le nom polypode vient du rhizome fait de plusieurs pieds qui permettent à la fougère de s'agripper aux rochers[1].

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Polypodium virginianum: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Polypodium virginianum est une fougère de la famille des Polypodiaceae.

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Polypodium virginianum ( Italian )

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Polypodium virginianum L. è una felce della famiglia Polypodiaceae, nativa del Canada e degli Stati Uniti orientali.

Descrizione

Polypodium virginiarum è una piccola felce sempreverde con rizomi che possiede foglie lunghe dagli 8 ai 40 cm, e larghe dai 3 ai 6 cm, con dei piccioli scalati. Le foglie sono sempre rinverdite, affusolate ed appuntite. Le fronde, invece, sono larghe e circolari. Le spore sono intermezzate da lunghi filamenti marroni, sulle venature.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie vive in Canada e negli Stati Uniti orientali (Arkansas, Georgia ed Alabama). Generalmente cresce sulle rocce o nel sottobosco.

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Polypodium virginianum: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Polypodium virginianum L. è una felce della famiglia Polypodiaceae, nativa del Canada e degli Stati Uniti orientali.

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Polypodium virginianum ( vietnamèis )

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Polypodium virginianum là một loài thực vật có mạch trong họ Polypodiaceae. Loài này được L. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Polypodium virginianum. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Tham khảo


Bài viết về Họ Dương xỉ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Polypodium virginianum: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Polypodium virginianum là một loài thực vật có mạch trong họ Polypodiaceae. Loài này được L. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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东北多足蕨 ( cinèis )

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二名法 Polypodium virginianum
L.

东北多足蕨学名Polypodium virginianum)为水龙骨科多足蕨属下的一个种。

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东北多足蕨: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

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东北多足蕨(学名:Polypodium virginianum)为水龙骨科多足蕨属下的一个种。

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