dcsimg

Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da eFloras
Shrubs to 1 m tall. Branchlets russet, glabrous or pilose. Stipules present; petiole present; leaf blade oblong-obovate, 3-5 × 1-2.5 cm, sparsely downy, abaxially grayish blue, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate. Flowering coetaneous or serotinous. Catkins 2-4 cm; peduncle elongated in fruit; bracts long obovate, villous, apex obtuse. Male flower: stamens 2; filaments distinct, downy proximally. Female flower: ovary cylindric-ovoid, white tomentose, shortly stipitate; style deeply 2-lobed; stigma forked. Capsule 5-8 mm, gray tomentose; Fl. Jun-Jul. 2n = 76, 96, 114, 144, 152.
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drit d'autor
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 4: 241 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Xinjiang (Altay Shan) [N Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America]
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drit d'autor
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 4: 241 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proget
eFloras.org
original
visité la sorgiss
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eFloras

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Alpine places; 2500-3000 m.
licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 4: 241 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proget
eFloras.org
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
eFloras

Common Names ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
grayleaf willow
gray willow
gray-leaved willow
glaucous willow
white willow
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: natural

Grayleaf willow is ranked as a critically endangered plant in Idaho and
Washington under The Nature Conservancy's Natural Heritage ranking
system [43].
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: cover

In thickets grayleaf willow may provide cover for small animals, but its
small stature limits its value as cover for large mammals.
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: capsule, fruit, shrub, tundra

Grayleaf willow commonly grows as an erect shrub 3 to 4 feet (0.9-1.2 m)
tall. On exposed tundra sites it grows as a low, semiprostrate shrub,
and on favorable sites it sometimes grows up to 20 feet (6 m) in height
and 5 inches (12 cm) in diameter [35]. The bark is gray and smooth but
may become rough and furrowed on larger individuals. Male and female
flowers occur on separate plants in 3/4- to 2-inch-long (2-5 cm) catkins
that persist over the summer. The fruit is a 1/32- to 1/16-inch-long
(0.8-1.6 mm) two-valved capsule [35].

Two growth forms occur in the Rocky Mountains. In somewhat sheltered
locations in subalpine environments, plants are upright and taller,
while semiprostrate plants that are often difficult to distinguish from
arctic willow (S. arctica) grow in more exposed, alpine situations [10].
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Grayleaf willow grows throughout most of Alaska except for the Aleutian
Islands and along the southeastern coast [35]. It grows through much of
northern Canada from Newfoundland northwest to the northern Yukon
Territory, and south to southern British Columbia and Alberta. In the
contiguous United States, it grows in alpine and subalpine habitats in
Montana, Wyoming, eastern Idaho, Colorado, Utah, and northern New Mexico
[10].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: fire regime, root crown, top-kill

Grayleaf willow is a fire-adapted species. Most plants sprout from the
root crown following top-kill by fire. Viereck and Schandelmeier [36]
reported that even old, decadent willows sprouted prolifically
immediately after fire. The sprouting ability of willows is apparently
more vigorous and prolific than that of birches or alders [36].

Grayleaf willow's abundant, wind-dispersed seeds are important in
colonizing burned areas. Seeds are dispersed in the fall, overwinter
under snow, and germinate in the spring. Thus seedling establishment
cannot begin until postfire year 2.

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

Phanerophyte
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: shrubs, tundra

In Alaska and northern Canada, grayleaf willow grows on both uplands and
lowlands. In arctic tundra it often grows along river and streambanks,
on sandy and gravelly floodplains, and on old benches [3,35]. In boreal
environments, it grows as scattered shrubs in white and black spruce
(Picea mariana) woodlands, in black spruce muskegs, and on river
floodplains [3,35].

In the Rocky Mountains grayleaf willow is restricted to open, alpine and
subalpine habitats that commonly have rocky, well-drained soils [10,27].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

12 Black spruce
107 White spruce
201 White spruce
204 Black spruce
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
251 White spruce - aspen
253 Black spruce - white spruce
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

FRES11 Spruce - fir
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES44 Alpine
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the term: forest

K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
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cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: top-kill

Grayleaf willows that occur in white and black spruce forests can be
killed by severe fires that completely remove soil organic layers and
char the roots [39]. Less severe fires only top-kill plants.
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
Grayleaf willow is a moderately important moose browse in some areas
primarily because of its abundance [11,29]; in other areas it is poorly
utilized [14,25]. Caribou use is probably moderate at best, and
primarily in the summer [7]. In some areas, grayleaf willow makes up a
large part of the winter diet of snowshoe hares [31].

Willows are generally a preferred food and building material of beaver
[1]. Willow shoots, catkins, leaves, and buds are eaten by numerous
small mammals and birds [16].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: forb, forest, shrub, tundra

In Alaska and northwestern Canada, grayleaf willow dominates or
codominates numerous seral willow (Salix spp.) and mixed-shrub
floodplain communities. Riparian community associates include Alaska
willow (S. alaxensis), littletree willow (S. arbusculoides), Richardson
willow (S. lanata), diamondleaf willow (S. planifolia), and green alder
(Alnus crispa) [34]. It also codominates in some mixed-shrub tundra
communities with birches (Betula spp.), alders (Alnus spp.), and other
willows [34]. In the Rocky Mountain States, grayleaf willow/tufted
hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) communities occupy well-drained, open
alpine and upper subalpine habitats [20,27].

Grayleaf willow occurs as scattered individuals in many boreal forests
and woodlands. It is seldom an understory dominant, except in early
seral stages. Douglas [11], however, described a 130- to 160-year-old
white spruce (Picea glauca)/grayleaf willow community in southwestern
Yukon Territory.

Classifications listing grayleaf willow as a dominant in community types
(cts) and habitat types (hts) are presented below:

Area Classification Authority

AK general veg. cts Viereck & Dyrness 1980
sw YT montane veg. cts Douglas 1974
CO: Gunnison & general veg. hts Komarkova 1986
Uncompahgre NF
UT, se ID riparian cts Padgett & others 1989
Forest Service R-2 forest, shrub, grass Wasser & Hess 1982
& forb hts
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: shrub, tree

Tree, Shrub
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
Grayleaf willow is tolerant of heavy browsing [42].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( Anglèis )

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Grayleaf willow is a relatively high-quality food for wintering
ungulates. Winter stem crude protein content is about 6.4 percent.
Grayleaf willow is also a good source of calcium and phosphorus, and its
digestibility is relatively high [29,30].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( Anglèis )

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AK CO ID MT NM UT WY AB BC LB
MB NB NT ON PQ SK YT
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
All willows produce salacin, which is closely related chemically to
aspirin. Native Americans used various preparations from willow to
treat tooth ache, stomach ache, diarrhea, dysentery, and dandruff [26].
Native Americans also used flexible willow stems for making baskets,
bows, arrows, scoops, snares, and fish and muskrat traps [17,21].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( Anglèis )

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In interior Alaska, grayleaf willow is less palatable to moose than
Alaska willow, littletree willow, diamondleaf willow, or sandbar willow
(S. interior). Moose browse grayleaf willow lightly in comparison with
the others in areas where they grow together [25]. Grayleaf is more
palatable to moose than aspen (Populus tremuloides), balsam poplar
(Populus balsamifera), or paper birch (Betula papyrifera) [38].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

Grayleaf willow catkins appear with the leaves. In Alaska and the
Yukon, flowering generally occurs in June, the fruits ripen in July and
August, and the seeds are dispersed in late August and September [9,35].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: mesic

Grayleaf willow is one of the most abundant willows following fire in
white spruce forests of interior Alaska [14]. There are commonly
several thousand stems per acre by 10 years after fire. However, its
abundance is short-lived, and it is often absent by year 40 as dense
white spruce sapling stands develop [14]. Grayleaf willow is also
common on mesic black spruce sites after fire. One ll-year-old burn
near the Tanana River had about 4,700 grayleaf, Alaska, and diamondleaf
willow stems per acre (11,500/ha), and lesser amounts of spruce and
poplar [38].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: caudex, root crown, seed

survivor species; on-site surviving root crown or caudex
off-site colonizer; seed carried by wind; postfire years 1 and 2
off-site colonizer; seed carried by animals or water; postfire yr 1&2
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: forest, litter, root crown, seed, stratification

Grayleaf willow's primary mode of reproduction is sexual. It produces
an abundance of small, lightweight seeds. Like most willows, it
probably begins seed production at an early age (between 2 and 10 years)
[16]. Seeds are not shed as they ripen but remain on the plant
throughout the summer and are dispersed in the fall. Each seed has a
cottony down which aids in dispersal by wind and water. Unlike willow
seeds dispersed in summer, grayleaf willow seeds overwinter under snow
and germinate in the spring soon after snowmelt [9,41]. This cold
stratification promotes good germination; seeds germinate over a wide
range of temperatures (from 41 to 77 degrees F [5-25 C]) [9]. Spring
germination is advantageous in arctic and alpine environments; the
growing season of grayleaf willow seedlings is 3 to 6 weeks longer than
that of summer-dispersing willows [9]. Exposed mineral soils are
required for good germination and seedling establishment [16]. Forest
litter generally inhibits germination and establishment.

Vegetative Reproduction: Grayleaf willow sprouts from the root crown or
stembase if aboveground stems are broken or destroyed by cutting or fire
[16].
licensa
cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
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cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

Grayleaf willow is an early seral species. It pioneers freshly
deposited river alluvium, glacial outwash, and disturbed areas with
exposed mineral soil, such as road cuts and mine tailings [35]. It is
also common in spruce woodlands following fire, especially in stands
about 20 to 30 years old [14,23]. It has been found in 160-year-old
open spruce woodlands [11], but it is usually displaced in densely
forested stands because of its shade intolerance.
licensa
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Synonyms ( Anglèis )

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Salix pseudolapponum Seemann
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( Anglèis )

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The currently accepted scientific name of grayleaf willow is Salix
glauca L. [3,18]. Because it exhibits considerable geographic variation
across its extensive range, it has been divided into numerous varieties
or subspecies. Argus [3] recognizes three varieties:

Salix glauca var. villosa (Hooker) Anderson
Salix glauca var. acutifolia (Hooker) Schneider
Salix glauca var. glauca

Alternately, Hulten [18] recognizes four subspecies:

Salix glauca subsp. acutifolia (Hook.) Hult.
Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Bocher
Salix glauca subsp. desertorum (Richards.) Anderss.
Salix glauca subsp. glabrescens (Anderss.) Hult.
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: stratification

Densmore and Zasada [8] reported that under laboratory conditions
grayleaf willow stem cuttings taken in the fall or spring rarely produce
roots and, therefore, do not recommend planting grayleaf willow stem
cuttings for rehabilitation purposes. However, grayleaf willow stem
cuttings were successfully used to revegetate unstable sand dunes in
northern Alberta [42].

Seeding disturbed sites with this species may be a useful establishment
measure. Grayleaf willow has been observed naturally invading barrow
pits and mine tailings in arctic regions [19,35]. The seeds may be
stored for up to 3 years, and require cold stratification before sowing
[40,41].
licensa
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Blågrå pil ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Blågrå Pil (Salix glauca) er en dværgbusk som er vidt udbredt i Grønland.

Voksested

Den er knyttet til flere forskellige plantesamfund. Nord for polarcirklen er den meget sårbar overfor ydre påvirkninger, men i Sydgrønland danner den krat med indtil 2 meter høje buske på beskyttede steder med snedække om vinteren og god forsyning med rindende vand om sommeren.




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Blågrå pil: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

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Blågrå Pil (Salix glauca) er en dværgbusk som er vidt udbredt i Grønland.

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Seidenhaarige Weide ( Alman )

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Die Seidenhaarige Weide (Salix glauca), auch Arktische Grau-Weide[1] genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Weiden (Salix) innerhalb der Familie Weidengewächse (Salicaceae).[2][3][4][5] Sie ist auf der Nordhalbkugel zirkumpolar verbreitet.[3][4]

Beschreibung

 src=
Illustration
 src=
Zweige mit behaarten einfachen Laubblättern
 src=
Blattober- und Blattunterseite von Salix glauca var. villosa
 src=
Männliche Kätchen in unterschiedlichen Stadien, teilweise mit sichtbaren Staubblättern
 src=
Weibliche Kätzenchen, gut zu erkennen sind die Narben
 src=
Fruchtendes Exemplar

Die Art Salix glauca ist morphologisch sehr variabel und deshalb wurden auch mehrere Subtaxa beschrieben.[2]

Vegetative Merkmale

Je nach Subtaxon und Standort bildet die Seidenhaarige Weide Sträucher mit Wuchshöhen von 0,2 bis 3 oder bis zu 6 Metern aus.[2][3] Die aufrechten bis niederliegenden Zweige besitzen eine bräunliche, gelb-braune oder rotbraune, spärlich bis dicht zottig oder wollig behaarte bis verkahlende Rinde.[3]

Die wechselständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel und -spreite gegliedert. Der Blattstiel besitzt meist auf der Unterseite eine Rinne und ist mit einer Länge von 1 bis 27 Millimetern viel länger als die darüberliegende Knospe.[3] Die einfachen Blattspreiten sind 2,7 bis 8,2 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 6 bis 39 Millimetern 1,4- bis 4,8-mal so lang wie breit und meist lanzettlich, verkehrt-eiförmig oder schmal-elliptisch elliptisch, manchmal schmal-länglich mit meist keilförmiger, manchmal gerundeter oder selten fast herzförmiger Spreitenbasis. Das obere Ende der Blattspreite ist spitz, zugespitzt oder gerundet. Der Blattrand ist meist glatt, etwa zurückgebogen oder flach und bei den obersten Blättern auch gesägt sein.[3] Die Stärke ihrer Behaarung (Indument) variiert. Die Blattunterseite kann dicht zottig oder zottig-seidig, wollig, kurz bis lang seidig oder fein mit welligen oder geraden, manchmal gebogenen Haaren (Trichomen) behaart sein. Die Blattoberseite ist meist etwas glänzend, manchmal matt und mäßig dicht zottig, fein oder lang-seidig bis verkahlend.[3] Die Nebenblätter sind laubblattähnlich bis rudimentär.[3]

Generative Merkmale

Die Blütezeit liegt während sich die Laubblätter entwickeln.[2] Die Seidenhaarige Weide ist zweihäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch). Es gibt zwei verschiedene kätzchenförmige Blütenstände. Die lohfarbenen, braunen, zweifarbigen oder grünlichen Deckblätter sind 1 bis 3,4 Millimeter lang, ganzrandig mit konvexen oder gerundetem oberen Ende und unterseits mit gewellten, gekräuselten oder geraden Trichomen behaart.[3] Bei den männlichen Kätzchen sind auf der Unter- sowie Oberseite der Deckblätter Nektardrüsen vorhanden und bei den weiblichen Kätzchen nur auf der Unterseite. Die Nektardrüsen bei den männlichen Kätzchen sind auf der Deckblattunterseite 0,1 bis 1 Millimeter lang und auf der -oberseite bei einer Länge von 0,5 bis 1,3 Millimetern schmal-länglich, länglich, viereckig, ei- oder kolbenförmig, diese Nektardrüsen können frei sein oder becherförmig verwachsen.[3] Bei weiblichen Kätzchen sind nur auf der Deckblattoberseite Nektardrüsen vorhanden, die bei einer Länge von 0,4 bis 1,8 Millimetern schmal-länglich, länglich, eiförmig oder manchmal kolbenförmig sind.[3]

Die männlichen Kätzchen sind 14 bis 53 Millimeter lang sowie 5 bis 17 Millimeter. In männlichen Kätzchen sind viele Staubblätter vorhanden und ihre freien oder teilweise verwachsenen Staubfäden sind kahl oder an ihrer unteren Hälfte behaart. Ihre Staubbeutel sind 0,4 bis 0,8 Millimeter lang.[3]

Die weiblichen Kätzchen sind bei einer Länge von 15 bis 83 Millimetern sowie einem Durchmesser von 7 bis 21 Millimetern schlank bis gedrungen, ± kugelig und enthalten dicht bis manchmal locker die weiblichen Blüten. Bei den weiblichen Blüten sind die zottig, wollig, kurz-weidig oder flaumig behaarten Fruchtknoten birnen- oder verkehrt-keulenförmig mit einem Schnabel, der sich allmählich in den Griffel verschmälert oder er ist kurz unterhalb des Griffels etwas ausgebeult. Die Fruchtknoten enthalten 6 bis 22 Samenanlagen. Die 0,3 bis 1,6 Millimeter langen Griffel sind verwachsen bis 1/2 oder mehr ihrer Länge frei. Die 0,2 bis 0,8 Millimeter langen Narben sind flach mit gerundetem oberen Ende oder ± breit zylindrisch.[3]

Die kätzchenförmigen Fruchtstände werden bei Reife gelblich bis gelblich-braun.[6] Die Kapselfrüchte sind 4,5 bis 9 Millimeter lang.[3]

Chromosomensatz

Die Chromosomengrundzahl beträgt bei der Gattung Salix x = 19; es wurden bei Salix glauca unterschiedliche Ploidiegrade (beispielsweise Tetraploidie und Hexaploidie)[2] mit Chromosomenzahlen von 2n = 76, 96, 114 oder 152 ermittelt.[3][7][8]

Standort

Die Subtaxa in Kanada und Grönland wachsen vor allem in Zwergstrauchheiden, auf krautiger, artenreicher Tundra, in Schneetälchen und entlang von Wasserläufen; der Untergrund besteht meist aus Sand, Schwemmsand oder Steinen.[9][10] Die Subtaxa in Nordeuropa gedeihen in vielen Habitaten, beispielsweise, Sümpfen, Fjells und Ufern von stehenden oder fließenden Gewässern; es sind oft relativ trockene sowie nährstoffarme Standorte.[11]

 src=
Habitus und Laubblätter von Salix glauca var. villosa

Systematik und Verbreitung

Die Erstveröffentlichung von Salix glauca erfolgte 1753 durch Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum, Tomus II, Seite 1019.[12] Als Lectotypus wurde 1994 Carl von Linné: Fl. Lapponica, 1737, S, 363, Tafel 7, Figur 5 durch Bengt Edvard Jonsell und Charles Edward Jarvis in Nordic Journal of Botany. Copenhagen, Volume 14, Seite 151 festgelegt.[12]

Die Art Salix glauca gehört zur Sektion Salix sect. Glaucae aus der Untergattung Chamaetia in der Gattung Salix.[2]

Die Systematik von Salix glauca wird kontrovers diskutiert und je nach Autor gab/gibt es wenige Subtaxa: Unterarten und Varietäten.[10][13][3][4][5]

Die Seidenhaarige Weide ist auf der Nordhalbkugel zirkumpolar mit verbreitet:[10][3][4][5]

Von Salix glauca gibt es nach der Flora of North America 2010 etwa fünf Varietäten:[3][4]

Bei Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora und Virtuella Floran werden diese Varietäten im Rang von Unterarten geführt:[2][5][15]

  • Salix glauca subsp. acutifolia (Hook.) Hultén (Syn.: Salix villosa var. acutifolia Hook., Salix glauca var. acutifolia (Hook.) C.K.Schneid., Salix seemannii Rydb.): Sie kommt im Inneren Alaskas und im Yukon Territory bis zu den zentralen Northwest Territories vor.[5]
  • Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Böcher (Syn.: Salix callicarpaea Trautv., Salix glauca var. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Argus, Salix cordifolia Pursh, Salix glauca var. cordifolia (Pursh) Dorn): Sie kommt vom nördlichen-zentral bis nordöstlichen Kanada nach Süden bis zum nördlichen Saskatchewan sowie Manitoba und nach Osten bis Neufundland und Grönland vor.[5]
  • Salix glauca L. subsp. glauca: Sie kommt nur auf dem Festland von Nordwesteuropa (= Fennoscandia) und vielleicht im südwestlichen Grönland vor.[5]
  • Salix glauca subsp. stipulifera (Flod. ex Häyrén) Hiitonen (Syn.: Salix stipulifera Flod. ex Häyrén, Salix glauca var. stipulata Flod. in Lindm.): Sie besitzt das größte Areal der Subtaxa vom nördlichen Fennoscandia nach Osten durch das nördliche Russland, Sibirien und Russlands Fernem Osten bis zum „Beringischen“ Nordamerika.[5]

Quellen

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Bruno P. Kremer, Bärbel Oftring: Steinbachs Naturführer. Bäume & Sträucher entdecken und erkennen. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8001-5934-5, S. 166.
  2. a b c d e f g George W. Argus: A Guide to Alaska Salix (willows), the Yukon Territory and adjacent regions, Workshop on willow identification Anchorage, Alaska 2011. online bei researchgate.net.
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w George W. Argus: Salix Linnaeus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae. Oxford University Press, New York uns Oxford, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7. Salix glauca Linnaeus., S. 89 - textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk.
  4. a b c d e Salix glauca im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 9. November 2021.
  5. a b c d e f g h Datenblatt Salix glauca L. In: Editorial Committee (Hrsg.): Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora = PAF: Vascular plants, zuletzt abgerufen am 9. November 2021
  6. Benny Génsbøl: A nature and wildlife guide to Greenland. Gyldendahl Publ., Kopenhagen 2004, ISBN 87-02-02965-0.
  7. Salix glauca bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  8. V. V. Petrovsky, P. G. Zhukova: Chromosome numbers, morphology, ecology and taxonomy of willows of the Northeast of Asia. In: Botanicheskii Zhurnal Volume 68, Issue 1, 1983, S. 29–38.
  9. T. W. Böcher, K. Holmen, K. Jakobsen: Grønlands Flora. 2. Aufl., P. Haase & Søns, Kopenhagen 1966.
  10. a b c d S. G. Aiken, M. J. Dallwitz, L. L. Consaul, C. L. McJannet, R. L. Boles, G. W. Argus, J. M. Gillett, P. J. Scott, R. Elven, M. C. LeBlanc, L. J. Gillespie, A. K. Brysting, H. Solstad, J. G. Harris: Salix glauca L. subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Böcher und Salix glauca subsp. stipulifera (Flod. ex Hayren) Hiitonen In: Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version: Mai 2011. (engl.)
  11. Datenblatt mit Fotos bei Willows of Northern Europe - A guide to the identification and ecology of a northern keystone plant group des The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken).
  12. a b Salix glauca bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, abgerufen am 9. November 2021
  13. Ronald J. Uchytil, 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System = FEIS, online. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  14. a b P. Uotila, 2011+: Salicaceae.Datenblatt Salix glauca L. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  15. Arne Anderberg: Den virtuella floran. Ripsvide, Salix glauca Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm 1996. (schwedisch).

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Leah S. Dudley: Ecological correlates of secondary sexual dimorphism in Salix glauca (Salicaceae). In: American Journal of Botany, Volume 93, Issue 12, 2006, S. 1775–1783. online.
  • Dagmar Lautenschlager-Fleury, Ernst Lautenschlager: Unterschiede zwischen alpinen und nordländischen Weiden. In: Bauhinia, Band 10, S. 43–52. Volltext-PDF.
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Seidenhaarige Weide: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Die Seidenhaarige Weide (Salix glauca), auch Arktische Grau-Weide genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Weiden (Salix) innerhalb der Familie Weidengewächse (Salicaceae). Sie ist auf der Nordhalbkugel zirkumpolar verbreitet.

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Ránessieđga ( sami dël Nòrd )

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Ránessieđga dahjege várresieđga (Salix glauca) lea sieđggaide gullevaš muorra.

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Salix glauca ( Anglèis )

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Dominating the Greenland tundra

Salix glauca is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names gray willow, grayleaf willow, white willow, and glaucous willow. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout much of Alaska, northern and western Canada, and the contiguous United States south through the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico.[1] It can also be found in Greenland, northwestern Europe, and Siberia.[2]

Description

This willow is usually a shrub growing up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) tall, but in appropriate habitat it becomes a tree up to 6 m (20 ft) tall. The smooth gray bark becomes furrowed with age. The species is dioecious, with male and female reproductive parts occurring on separate individuals.[1] This species has secondary sexual dimorphism, with male and female individuals different in function or morphology in aspects other than their reproductive structures. For example, female plants are more sensitive to drought conditions.[3] The seed stays on the plant until fall, when it is dispersed. The seed is coated in downy fibers that help it disperse on the wind and on water. Unlike the seeds of many other willows, these do not germinate immediately on contact with the substrate, but overwinter under the snow and sprout in the spring. This provides cold stratification to the seeds, and allows them a few weeks more to develop than in summer-dispersing willows.[1]

Distribution and habitat

In the northern part of its range, this plant codominates with other species of willow on floodplains and in shrubby riparian and tundra habitat. It may also grow scattered throughout coniferous forests and woodlands, dominated often by spruces. In the southern part of its range, it grows in alpine and subalpine climates. Like many other willows, it colonizes freshly cleared habitat, such as floodplains recently scoured by water and forests recently burned.[1]

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of S. glauca has been described as "confusing".[4] With considerable geographic variation across its wide circumboreal-polar range, S. glauca may be considered "a very widespread and polymorphic species or species group", with currently no consensus whether it should be subdivided into races, subspecies or varieties. Formally and informally, there are a number of recognized subspecies (such as glauca, stipulifera, acutifolia, callicarpaea)[2] and varieties (such as acutifolia, glauca, stipulata, villosa),[5] but there are only small morphological differences to tell them apart.[2] Furthermore, S. glauca is known to form hybrids with other willows, resulting in intermediates that are visually difficult to distinguish from one another.[4] Some varieties and subspecies have very specific or limited distribution, though. The hybrid S. arctophila × S. glauca subsp. callicarpaea, for instance, is not found in Canada, and is common in eastern parts of Greenland, but absent from the west, whereas S. glauca subsp. glauca is not found on Greenland at all.[4]

Ecology

As with other willows, S. glauca is an important food source for a variety of animals, particularly wintering ungulates, providing them with a rich source of calcium and phosphorus. It is considered moderately important as moose browse, and during the winter it constitutes much of the diet for snowshoe hares.[1]

Use

Native Americans used parts of willows, including this species, for medicinal purposes, basket weaving, to make bows and arrows, and for building animal traps.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Uchytil, Ronald J. 1992. Salix glauca. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
  2. ^ a b c "580213 Salix glauca L.". Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora Vascular plants. The Panarctic Flora (PAF) Project. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  3. ^ Dudley, L.S. (2006), "Ecological correlates of secondary sexual dimorphism in Salix glauca (Salicaceae).", American Journal of Botany, 93 (12): 1775–83, doi:10.3732/ajb.93.12.1775, PMID 21642123, retrieved 2012-02-26
  4. ^ a b c S.G. Aiken; M.J. Dallwitz; L.L. Consaul; C.L. McJannet; R.L. Boles; G.W. Argus; J.M. Gillett; P.J. Scott; R. Elven; M.C. LeBlanc; L.J. Gillespie; A.K. Brysting; H. Solstad & J.G. Harris (2007). "Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago – Salix glauca L. subsp. callicarpaea (Trautv.) Böcher". NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa. http://nature.ca/aaflora/data. Retrieved 2012-02-28. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ "Salix glauca L., Taxonomic Serial No.: 22482". ITIS Report. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 28 February 2012.

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Salix glauca: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Dominating the Greenland tundra

Salix glauca is a species of flowering plant in the willow family known by the common names gray willow, grayleaf willow, white willow, and glaucous willow. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout much of Alaska, northern and western Canada, and the contiguous United States south through the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico. It can also be found in Greenland, northwestern Europe, and Siberia.

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Salix glauca ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Salix glauca, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Se encuentra en el Hemisferio Norte.

 src=
Detalle de hojas y amentos
 src=
Vista de la planta en su hábitat
 src=
Detalle de las hojas

Descripción

Es un arbusto que alcanza un tamaño de 1 m de altura. Las ramillas rojizas, glabras o pilosas. Estípulas presentes, pecíolo presente y las hojas con limbo oblongo-obovados, de 3-5 x 1-2,5 cm, poco suave, azul grisáceo el envés, base anchamente cuneada, margen entero, ápice cortamente acuminado. Floración en forma de amentos de 2-4 cm; con largas brácteas obovadas. El fruto en forma de cápsula de 5-8 mm, gris tomentoso.

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en lugares alpinos; a una altitud de 2500-3000 metros en Xinjiang (China), Mongolia, Rusia, Europa y América del Norte.[1]

Taxonomía

Salix glauca fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 1019, en el año 1753.[2]

Etimología

Salix: nombre genérico latino para el sauce, sus ramas y madera.[3]

glauca: epíteto latino que significa "glauco, de color verde azulado".

Citología

Tiene un número de cromosomas de: 2 n = 76, 96, 114, 144, 152.

Variedades aceptadas
Sinonimia

Referencias

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Salix glauca: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Salix glauca, es una especie de sauce perteneciente a la familia de las salicáceas. Se encuentra en el Hemisferio Norte.

 src= Detalle de hojas y amentos  src= Vista de la planta en su hábitat  src= Detalle de las hojas
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Tunturipaju ( Finlandèis )

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Tunturipaju (Salix glauca) on puolen-kahden metrin korkeuteen kasvava harmaanvihreä pajupensas. Yleisemmin tunturipajulla on alalajit norotunturipaju Salix glauca[1] ja korvakepaju (Salix glauca ssp. stipulifera)[2]. Tunturipajua kasvaa Suomessa niinkin etelässä kuin Kainuussa. Se on yleisin paljakan suuri paju. Tämä pajulaji kukkii kesäkuussa lehtien puhkamisen jälkeen. Se kasvaa tuntureilla jopa keskipaljakalla kosteilla paikoilla mm. tulvarannoilla ja soilla ja myös tunturipaljakan kankailla. Suomen Käsivarren Lapissa tunturipajua tavataan vielä 1100 metrin korkeudesta.

Lähteet

  1. Henry Väre ja Rauni Partanen: Suomen tunturikasvio. Metsäkustannus OY 2009, s. 80.
  2. Henry Väre ja Heikki Kiuru: Suomen puut ja pensaat. Metsäkustannus 2006, s. 111.

Aiheesta muualla

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Tunturipaju: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Tunturipaju (Salix glauca) on puolen-kahden metrin korkeuteen kasvava harmaanvihreä pajupensas. Yleisemmin tunturipajulla on alalajit norotunturipaju Salix glauca ja korvakepaju (Salix glauca ssp. stipulifera). Tunturipajua kasvaa Suomessa niinkin etelässä kuin Kainuussa. Se on yleisin paljakan suuri paju. Tämä pajulaji kukkii kesäkuussa lehtien puhkamisen jälkeen. Se kasvaa tuntureilla jopa keskipaljakalla kosteilla paikoilla mm. tulvarannoilla ja soilla ja myös tunturipaljakan kankailla. Suomen Käsivarren Lapissa tunturipajua tavataan vielä 1100 metrin korkeudesta.

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Salix glauca ( Fransèis )

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Salix glauca est une espèce de plante de la famille des Salicaceae. Ce saule pousse dans l'hémisphère Nord (nord de l'Eurasie et Amérique du Nord). Il se présente sous la forme d'un arbuste ou d'un petit arbre aux feuilles velues.

Description

 src=
Fleurs femelles

Le Saule glauque atteint une taille d'1 m de haut. Ses branches sont rousses, glabres et soyeuses. Les feuilles sont oblongues, ovales avec des stipules et mesurent de 3 à 5 × 1 à 2,5 cm, de couleur gris bleu. Une floraison cotoneuse ou serotineuse intervient sous forme de chatons de 2 à 4 cm. Le pédoncule porte de longues bractées obovales. La fleur mâle porte deux étamines. La floraison intervient en juin-juillet.

Chromosomie : 2n = 76, 96, 114, 144, 152.

L'espèce se rencontre en régions alpines à une altitude de 2 500 à 3 000 m, dans le Xinjiang (Altay Shan) en Chine, N. Mongolie, Russie, Europe, Amérique du Nord.

Liste des sous-espèces et variétés

Selon Catalogue of Life (8 déc. 2012)[1] :

  • variété Salix glauca var. acutifolia
  • variété Salix glauca var. callicarpaea
  • variété Salix glauca var. glauca
  • variété Salix glauca var. stipulata
  • variété Salix glauca var. villosa

Selon NCBI (8 déc. 2012)[2] :

  • sous-espèce Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea
  • sous-espèce Salix glauca subsp. glauca
    • variété Salix glauca var. acutifolia
  • sous-espèce Salix glauca subsp. stipulifera

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

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Salix glauca: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Salix glauca est une espèce de plante de la famille des Salicaceae. Ce saule pousse dans l'hémisphère Nord (nord de l'Eurasie et Amérique du Nord). Il se présente sous la forme d'un arbuste ou d'un petit arbre aux feuilles velues.

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Šěromódra wjerba ( Sorbian superior )

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Šěromódra wjerba (Salix glauca) je rostlina ze swójby wjerbowych rostlinow (Salicaceae).

Wopis

Šěromódra wjerba je w lěću zeleny kerk, kotryž docpěwa wysokosć wot rědko wjace hač 1 m. Wurostki su dołho židźane jasnošěrje kosmate. Hałuzy su pozdźišo nahe a błyšćace brune.

Łopjena

Stołpikate łopjena su lancetojte, na woběmaj kóncomaj wótre, hładkokromne, na woběmaj bokomaj židźane hač běłpjelsćojće kosmate a docpěwaja dołhosć wot 3 hač do 8 cm. Na hornim boku su mutnje zelene, ale na delnim boku su módrojte.

Kćenja

Kćěje wot junija hač do julija. Kćenja su dwudomnje rozdźělene. Micki su husto kosmate, so z łopjenami jewja a docpěwaja dołhosć wot 2 hač do 5 cm.

Stejnišćo

Ma radšo tymjenjate, pěskowe abo skalne pódy.

Rozšěrjenje

Rostlina je w tundrowych regionach Europy, sewjerneje Ameriki a sewjerneje Azije rozšěrjena, ale tež w Islandskej a Grönlandskej wustupuje.

Nóžki

  1. Pawoł Völkel: Prawopisny słownik hornjoserbskeje rěče. Hornjoserbsko-němski słownik. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin 2005, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, str. 544.
  2. W internetowym słowniku: Weide

Žórła

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Šěromódra wjerba: Brief Summary ( Sorbian superior )

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Šěromódra wjerba (Salix glauca) je rostlina ze swójby wjerbowych rostlinow (Salicaceae).

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Sølvvier ( norvegèis )

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Sølvvier (latin: Salix glauca var glauca) er en liten busk av pilefamilien (vierfamilien) av maksimalt 2,5 meters høyde og oppreist. Arten vokser hos oss i innlandet og langs kysten hele veien fra Agder og helt opp til Barentshavet, samt i et belte sørover gjennom Sverige og Finland til Bottenviken. Den foretrekker fuktig torvjord, myr, hei, elvebredder, sumpskog, kystheier, og blant annet vierkratt. Den kan danne hybrid med myrtevier, grønnvier og svartvier.

 src=
Nærbilde av sølvvier.
Foto: Hedwig Storch

Sølvvier er en busk på normalt 50 - 250 cm lengde, og er grovt oppstigende med rød bark. Årskvistene på nye skudd er svært lodne, grålodne («sølv»), mens de andre året er i praksis helt snaue. Bladene er grågrønne. litt tykke, helrandete uten tagger eller buktninger, og grå på undersiden. Bladene er lodne og eggformete med størst bredde ovenfor midten. Antall sidenerver er 6-11 par. Ørebladene er fraværende. Blomstringen foregår i juni.

Raklene er lange og står på ullhårete skaft med 2-4 blader. Raklene er gulbrune eller blekbrune, og hårete. Den hårete grønn-gråhvite kapselen er 7-10 mm lang, og har kløvd griffel med kløvde arr.

Utbredelse

Sølvvier vokser i Europa og er i Norden utbredt i fra Agder og oppover kysten, fjellet og innlandet til og med hele Finnmark, nordlige Sverige og hele nordlige Finland ned til Bottenviken. Hos oss vokser den opp til 1.760 meters høyde i Jotunheimen.

Ellers vokser den i Alaska, nordvestre Canada, Rocky Mountains ned til nordre New Mexico, og øst på Grønland samt videre østover inn i Sibir.

Varianter og hybrider

Sølvvier har en underart og tre kjente hybrider:

  • Underarten russevier (Salix glauca ssp stipulifera) er vanlig på marere jord, og først og fremst i Dovrefjell, Kjølen, Nordland, Lappland, hele Troms og hele Finnmark, videre nedover nordre Finland og inn på Kolahalvøya. Den vokser også i veikanter og på ruderatmark. Den har øreblader som er inntil 25 mm lange, og med lansettform. Bladene er smalere enn hos sølvvier, og har en mer kileformet grunn og tettere behåret. Kapselen er også tett håret og griffelen er kløyvd hele veien ned.
  • Hybrid Sølvvier-myrtevier (Salix glauca x myrsinites)
  • Hybrid Sølvvier-svartvier (Salix glauca x myrsinifolia)
  • Hybrid Sølvvier-grønnvier (Salix glauca x phylicifolia)

Kilder

  • Stenberg, Lennart & Bo Mossberg, Steinar Moen (norsk red.), Gyldendals store nordiske flora, Gyldendal, Oslo 2007. ISBN 978-82-05-32563-0.

Eksterne lenker

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Sølvvier: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NO

Sølvvier (latin: Salix glauca var glauca) er en liten busk av pilefamilien (vierfamilien) av maksimalt 2,5 meters høyde og oppreist. Arten vokser hos oss i innlandet og langs kysten hele veien fra Agder og helt opp til Barentshavet, samt i et belte sørover gjennom Sverige og Finland til Bottenviken. Den foretrekker fuktig torvjord, myr, hei, elvebredder, sumpskog, kystheier, og blant annet vierkratt. Den kan danne hybrid med myrtevier, grønnvier og svartvier.

 src= Nærbilde av sølvvier. Foto: Hedwig Storch

Sølvvier er en busk på normalt 50 - 250 cm lengde, og er grovt oppstigende med rød bark. Årskvistene på nye skudd er svært lodne, grålodne («sølv»), mens de andre året er i praksis helt snaue. Bladene er grågrønne. litt tykke, helrandete uten tagger eller buktninger, og grå på undersiden. Bladene er lodne og eggformete med størst bredde ovenfor midten. Antall sidenerver er 6-11 par. Ørebladene er fraværende. Blomstringen foregår i juni.

Raklene er lange og står på ullhårete skaft med 2-4 blader. Raklene er gulbrune eller blekbrune, og hårete. Den hårete grønn-gråhvite kapselen er 7-10 mm lang, og har kløvd griffel med kløvde arr.

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Ripvide ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Ripvide (Salix glauca) är 0,5-2,5 meter hög buske i videsläktet (Salix). Bladen som saknar stipler hos vanligt ripvide (ssp. glauca) men finns (och är lansettlika) hos ryssvide (ssp. stipulifera) är täckta av vita hår vilket ger hela växten en typisk gråluden färg. Även årsskott är ludna medan de äldre grenarna som har brun bark är helt kala. Ripvide blommar i juni och honliga exemplar får sedan 5–10 centimeter långa hängen som sitter på bladiga skaft.[1]

Förväxlingsarter

Ripvide liknar närmast lappvide (S.lapponum) som också har gråludna blad och ett liknande växtsätt. Denna saknar dock blad på hängeskaften. Detta gäller även den likaledes gråludna ullvidet (S.lanatum) som dessutom har karaktäristiskt breda blad och tydliga stipler.[1]

Växtplats och ekologi

Arten växer på blöt-fuktig mark som stränder, myrar och sumpskogar men också på lite torrare platser som fjällhedar.[1] Den är indifferent till kalk.

Utbredning

Ripvide är en vanlig art i större delen av Norrland med undantag för kustområdena där den är sällsynt. Vanligast är den i fjällkedjan där den tillsammans med lappvide ofta bildar stora svårgenomträngliga snår.
I övriga Norden är den vanlig i större delen av Norge, i norra Finland men saknas helt i övriga länder.[2]Underarten ryssvide (ssp. stipulifera) finns i de nordöstligaste delarna av Norden samt i de södra delarna av fjällkedjan.[1]
Världsutbredningen är nordligt cirkumpolär men det finns sydliga utposter i berskedjor som Alperna, Pyrenéerna och Klippiga Bergen. Den delas ofta upp i flertalet geografiskt avgränsade underarter. [2]

Externa länkar

  1. ^ [a b c d] Den nya Nordiska Floran, 2003,ISBN 91-46-17584-9
  2. ^ [a b] Den virtuella floran
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Ripvide: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Ripvide (Salix glauca) är 0,5-2,5 meter hög buske i videsläktet (Salix). Bladen som saknar stipler hos vanligt ripvide (ssp. glauca) men finns (och är lansettlika) hos ryssvide (ssp. stipulifera) är täckta av vita hår vilket ger hela växten en typisk gråluden färg. Även årsskott är ludna medan de äldre grenarna som har brun bark är helt kala. Ripvide blommar i juni och honliga exemplar får sedan 5–10 centimeter långa hängen som sitter på bladiga skaft.

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Salix glauca ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK

Опис

Чагарник (0.1)0.5–2(3) м. Стебла прямі або такі, що стеляться; гілки коричневі, жовто-коричневі, сіро-коричневі або червоно-коричневі, ворсинисті чи від кошлатих до безволосих; гілочки жовто-коричневі або червоно-коричневі, від рідко до щільно ворсинистих, або від кошлатих до безволосих. Прості листки мають цілий край і форму від довгасто-яйцевидної до яйцевидної, іноді вузько довгасті, довжиною 27–82 × 6–39 мм, верхівки гострі, загострені, опуклі, або округлі, нижні поверхні опушені, верхні поверхні зазвичай злегка блискучі, іноді тьмяні, помірно ворсинисті; прилистки листоподібні або рудиментарні; черешки 1–27 мм. Суцвіття — сережки від жовтуватого до жовтувато-коричневого кольору. Тичинкові сережки 14–53 × 5–17 мм. Маточкові сережки щільно іноді слабо квіткові, тонкі, товсті, майже кулясті або кулясті, 15-83 × 7-21 мм; приквітки руді, коричневі, двоколірні, або зеленуваті, 1–3.4 мм. Плоди — густоволосі капсули 4.5–9 мм.

Поширення

Євразія (Монголія, Росія, Фінляндія, Норвегія, Швеція); Північна Америка (Гренландія, США, Канада). Також культивується. Населяє чагарникові пустища, трав'янисту тундру, і місця вздовж водотоків.

Використання

Як інші верби, S. glauca є важливим джерелом харчування для різних тварин, зокрема зимівних копитних, надаючи їм багате джерело кальцію і фосфору. Вважається помірно важливою для лосів, і в зимовий період становить більшу частину раціону американського зайця.

Корінні американці використовували частини верб, у тому числі цього виду, в лікувальних цілях, для плетіння кошиків, щоб зробити луки і стріли, а також для створення пасток на тварин.

Галерея

Джерела

  1. Кавун Е.М., Гнатюк О.М. Метод оцінки дендрологічної інвазії з боку омели білої Viscum album L. та можливості його використання // Сільське господарство та лісівництво. Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища. — 2017. — Вип. 1. — № 6. — С. 175–185.
  2. Dictionary of Botanical Epithets. www.winternet.com. Процитовано 2017-02-25.


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Salix glauca ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Salix glauca là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được L. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Salix glauca. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết Họ Liễu này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Salix glauca: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Salix glauca là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Liễu. Loài này được L. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.

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Ива сизая ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Семейство: Ивовые
Род: Ива
Вид: Ива сизая
Международное научное название

Salix glauca L.

Синонимы
Salix villosa D.Don ex Hook.[2]
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 22482NCBI 395314EOL 592493GRIN t:32714IPNI 777671-1TPL kew-5000657

И́ва си́зая (лат. Salix glauca) — вид цветковых растений из рода Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae).

Распространение и экология

 src=
Ива сизая в тундре на востоке Гренландии.

В природе ареал вида охватывает Гренландию, Исландию, Скандинавию, северные и восточные районы европейской части России, Сибирь, Монголию, Приморье, Канаду и США (Аляска и штаты к востоку от скалистых гор)[2].

Произрастает в арктической тундре, лесотундре и субальпийском поясе гор.

Ботаническое описание

Прямостоячий раскидистый кустарник высотой до 1.5 м, (в высоких широтах — простёртый). Ветви красноватые или тёмно-бурые, голые или волосистые; летние побеги серо-мохнатые.

Почки яйцевидные, жёлто-бурые, в начале густо-, позже, рассеянно-волосистые. Прилистники мало развитые, косые, яйцевидно-ланцетные. Листья обратнояйцевидно-ланцетные или продолговато-обратнояйцевидные, к обоим концам суженные или спереди округлённые в основании клиновидные, цельнокрайние, сверху густо-серо-волосистые, снизу сизоватые, длиной 3—6 см, шириной 1,2—2,8 см, на черешках длиной 2—7 мм.

Серёжки развиваются позднее листьев, длиной 2—4 см, мужские густоцветковые, женские в основании более рыхлые. Прицветные чешуи обратнояйцевидные или язычковидные, чаще тупые, реже заострённые, жёлто-бурые, в основании светлее. Тычинки в числе двух, свободные, реже у основания спаянные, длиной до 8 мм, волосистые, с тёмно-фиолетовыми, позже бурыми пыльниками и, часто, двумя нектарниками, из которых внутренний более широкий. Завязь продолговато-яйцевидная, тупая, бело-войлочная; столбик цельный, чаще до основания двухраздельный, длиной около 0,5—1 мм, красноватый; нектарник продолговатый, часто раздвоенный.

Плодкоробочка длиной до 7—10 мм.

Salix glauca IMG 3974 Tunturipaju C.JPG
Seidenhaarige Weide (Salix glauca) 5790.JPG
Salixglauca.JPG
Слева направо:
Листья. Мужские и женские серёжки.

Таксономия

Вид Ива сизая входит в род Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae) порядка Мальпигиецветные (Malpighiales).


ещё 36 семейств (согласно Системе APG II) ещё более 500 видов порядок Мальпигиецветные род Ива отдел Цветковые, или Покрытосеменные семейство Ивовые вид
Ива сизая
ещё 44 порядка цветковых растений
(согласно Системе APG II) ещё около 57 родов

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
  2. 1 2 По данным сайта GRIN (см. карточку растения).
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Ива сизая: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию

И́ва си́зая (лат. Salix glauca) — вид цветковых растений из рода Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae).

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灰蓝柳 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Salix glauca
L.

灰蓝柳学名Salix glauca)为杨柳科柳属的植物。分布在北美欧洲蒙古西伯利亚等地,生长于海拔2,500米至3,000米的地区,常生长在高山地区,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

参考文献

  • 昆明植物研究所. 灰蓝柳. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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灰蓝柳: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

灰蓝柳(学名:Salix glauca)为杨柳科柳属的植物。分布在北美欧洲蒙古西伯利亚等地,生长于海拔2,500米至3,000米的地区,常生长在高山地区,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

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