dcsimg

Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da ReptileDB
Continent: South-America
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, Chaco, Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Córdoba, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Mendoza, Santa Fe, Entre Rios, Corrientes, Misiones) Subspecies now synonymized: neuwiedi: Brazil (S Bahia);
Type locality: Estado da Bahía, Brazil. goyazensis: Brazil (Goia);
Type locality: Ipamery, Goiás, Brazil. meridionalis: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Espirito Santo);
Type locality: Andarai, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. paranaensis: Brazil (Parana) urutu: Brazil (SC Minas Gerais, N Sao Paulo);
Type locality: œMinas Gerais.
licensa
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Peter Uetz
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
ReptileDB

Bothrops neuwiedi ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Common names: Neuwied's lancehead,[3] jararaca pintada.[4]

Bothrops neuwiedi is a highly venomous pit viper species endemic to South America. This relatively small snake has a wide range and is a major source of snakebite in Argentina. It was named after German naturalist Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), who made important collections in Brazil (1815-1817).[3][5] Seven subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[6]

Description

Adults of B. neuwiedi average 60–70 centimetres (23+1227+12 in) in total length (including tail), but may grow to as much as 100 cm (39+12 in).[3]

Head scalation includes 7-11 keeled intrasupraoculars (rarely 12 or as few as five), 9-13 sublabials (usually 10-11) and seven to eight supralabials (rarely seven or 10), the second of which is not fused with and usually separated from the prelacunal. Two rows of small scales usually separate the subocular and fourth supralabial scales. At midbody the 22-29 (usually 25-27) rows of dorsal scales[3] are strongly keeled.[4] The ventral scales number 158-179 and 164-185 in males and females, respectively, while the subcaudal scales are divided and number 39-56 or 34-51 in males or females.[3]

The color pattern consists of a brown or dark-brown ground color overlaid with a series of 16-27 dark brown or black dorsolateral blotches. The blotches are edged in white and may be trapezoidal, triangular, subtriangular, or headphone-shaped and oppose each other middorsally. The belly is white or yellow with gray speckling. Juveniles have a white tail tip.[3]

Geographic range

The species B. neuwiedi is found in South America east of the Andes and south of approx. 5°S, including Brazil (southern Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, an isolated population in Amazonas, Rondônia and all southern states), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Chaco, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and Uruguay. According to Vanzolini (1981), the type locality given is "provincia Bahiae" (Bahia province, Brazil).[1]

Habitat

Bothrops neuwiedi inhabits tropical and semitropical deciduous forest, as well as temperate forest and Atlantic Coast restingas, and is associated with dry or semiarid rocky areas in almost all cases.[3]

Venom

Bothrops neuwiedi is one of the main causes of snakebite in Argentina:[4] between 1960 and 1975, according to Esteso (1985), 80% of the approximately 500 cases reported each year were attributed to B. n. diporus.[7]

In a review of the symptoms in all 18 bite cases for this species admitted to the hospital in São Paulo between 1975 and 1992, Jorge and Ribeiro (2000) found all suffered pain, 83% had swelling, 50% had bruising, 17% had necrosis, 12% developed coagulopathy and 5% had abscesses, can also cause high blood pressure and collapse. In a case in Germany, a 36-year-old snake keeper was bitten on the finger and developed hemorrhagic "necrosis" of the afflicted digit and swelling that extended onto the hand. Five hours after being bitten, his blood had a normal platelet count, but was incoagulable with a reduced fibrinogen concentration, elevated fibrin degradation products and D-dimer.[7] B. neuwiedi venom directly activates factor II and factor X, but doesn't activate factor XIII. At low venom concentrations clotting is initiated by the activation of prothrombin by the venom either directly or via factor X activation. Treatment with heparin might be beneficial in coagulopathy secondary to snake bite by reducing the circulating active thrombin. The venom has thrombin-like proteases which causes slow clotting fibrinogen, and plasmin-like components causing further proteolysis of fibrinogen and fibrin.[8] The avarage venom yield ranges from 25 mg to 40 mg (dry weight).[9]

Three different antivenins, Soro Antibotropico-Crotalico, Soro Antibotropico-Laquetico and Soro Botropico, can be used to treat bites from this species. All three are manufactured by the Instituto Butantan in Brazil and contain specific antibodies to counteract the effects of the venom.[10]

Subspecies

Subspecies[6] Taxon author[6] Common name[3] Geographic range B. n. bolivianus Amaral, 1927 B. n. goyazensis Amaral, 1925 B. n. meridionalis F. Müller, 1885 B. n. neuwiedi Wagler, 1824 Neuwied's lancehead B. n. paramanensis Amaral, 1925 B. n. piauhyensis Amaral, 1925 B. n. urutu Orejas-Miranda, 1970

Taxonomy

Formerly twelve subspecies were recognized by Peters and Orejas-Miranda (1970), Campbell and Lamar (1989), and Golay et al. (1993).[1] A revision by Silva (2000) elevated five taxa to full species: B. diporus, B. lutzi, B. matogrossensis, B. pauloensis, B. pubescens; and identified one unnamed new species. In some cases, intergradation may occur. Together, these are referred to as the Bothrops neuwiedi complex.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. ^ "Bothrops neuwiedi ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Silva VX da (2004). "The Bothrops neuwiedi complex". In: Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
  4. ^ a b c U.S. Navy (1991). Poisonous Snakes of the World. New York: United States Government/Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
  5. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Bothrops neuwiedi, p. 189; "Maximilian", p. 171).
  6. ^ a b c "Bothrops neuwiedi ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
  7. ^ a b Warrell DA (2004). "Snakebites in Central and South America: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Clinical Management". In Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1,500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
  8. ^ Dempfle, C. E.; Kohl, R.; Harenberg, J.; Kirschstein, W.; Schlauch, D.; Heene, D. L. (December 1990). "Coagulopathy after snake bite by Bothrops neuwiedi: case report and results of in vitro experiments". Blut. 61 (6): 369–374. doi:10.1007/BF01738552. ISSN 0006-5242. PMID 2291986. S2CID 23144305.
  9. ^ "WCH Clinical Toxinology Resources". www.toxinology.com. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
  10. ^ Bothrops neuwiedi at Munich AntiVenom INdex (MAVIN). Accessed 24 July 2008.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Bothrops neuwiedi: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN
Common names: Neuwied's lancehead, jararaca pintada.

Bothrops neuwiedi is a highly venomous pit viper species endemic to South America. This relatively small snake has a wide range and is a major source of snakebite in Argentina. It was named after German naturalist Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), who made important collections in Brazil (1815-1817). Seven subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EN

Bothrops neuwiedi ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

La yarará de cola blanca (Bothrops neuwiedi) es una especie de serpiente venenosa del género Bothrops, de la subfamilia de las víboras de foseta. Habita en forestas del centro de Sudamérica.[1]

 src=
Hemipenes de Bothrops neuwiedi. El macho posee un órgano copulador con dos extremos o hemipenes.

Taxonomía

Esta especie fue descrita originalmente en el año 1824 por el herpetólogo J. Wagler, bajo el nombre científico de Bothrops neuwiedi.[2]

Localidad tipo

La localidad tipo es: Estado de Bahía, Brasil.

Historia taxonómica

Durante el siglo XX fue mantenida en el género Bothrops pero en 2009 fue trasladada a Bothropoides.[3]​ Finalmente, en el año 2012, luego de una revisión de la morfología, filogenia y taxonomía de las serpientes bothropoides sudamericanas, las especies de ese género fueron nuevamente reincorporadas a Bothrops.[4]

Distribución y hábitat

Esta especie se distribuye en regiones de América del Sur al este de los Andes y al sur de los 5º de latitud sur. Se hace presente en el Brasil, en los estados de: Maranhão -sur-, Piauí, Ceará, Bahía, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, una población aislada en Amazonas, Rondônia, y todos los estados del sur; en Bolivia, Paraguay, y en buena parte de la Argentina, en las provincias de: Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero y Tucumán.

Referencias

  1. Bothrops neuwiedi Reptile database (en inglés); consultado el 23 de junio de 2015.
  2. Wagler, J. (1824). Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27, Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp.
  3. Fenwick, A. M., Gutberlet, R. L., Jr, Evans, J. A. and Parkinson, C. L. (2009). Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 617–640.
  4. Carrasco, Paola A.; Camilo I. Mattoni, Gerardo C. Leynaud and Gustavo J. Scrocchi (2012). Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, febrero de 2012, pp 1-16.
 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Bothrops neuwiedi: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

La yarará de cola blanca (Bothrops neuwiedi) es una especie de serpiente venenosa del género Bothrops, de la subfamilia de las víboras de foseta. Habita en forestas del centro de Sudamérica.​

 src= Hemipenes de Bothrops neuwiedi. El macho posee un órgano copulador con dos extremos o hemipenes.
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia ES

Bothrops neuwiedi ( Basch )

fornì da wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EU

Bothrops neuwiedi: Brief Summary ( Basch )

fornì da wikipedia EU

Bothrops neuwiedi Bothrops generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Viperidae familian sailkatuta dago.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia EU

Bothrops neuwiedi ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Bothrops neuwiedi, ou Yarará chica ou Jararaca-cruzeira ou Jararaca Pintada, est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Viperidae[1].

Description

 src=
Bothrops neuwiedi
 src=
Bothrops neuwiedi

En moyenne les adultes font entre 60 70 cm de long, mais il existe des exemplaires de plus de 100 cm.

Ils sont de couleur brune parfois brun-foncé, avec une série de 16 à 27 taches noires dorso-latérales. Ces taches sont entourées d'un liseré blanc, et peuvent être trapézoïdales ou triangulaires. Elles sont placées symétriquement des deux côtés du dos.

Venin

Cette espèce est le serpent venimeux responsable du plus grand nombre de morsures en Argentine : entre 1960 et 1975, 80 % des quelque 500 cas répertoriés chaque année, ont été attribués au Bothropoides neuwiedi diporus [2].

Il existe trois différents antivenins, Soro Antibotropico-Crotalico, Soro Antibotropico-Laquetico and Soro Botropico, pour traiter les morsures de cette espèce. Tous trois sont élaborés par l'Instituto Butantan au Brésil et contiennent des anticorps spécifique pour contrer les effets du venin[3]. Le sérum AntivipMyn fabriqué par Bioclon est également efficace.

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :

Habitat

Cette espèce habite la forêt tropicale et semi-tropicale, ainsi que la forêt tempérée et la restinga de la côte atlantique brésilienne. Dans ces régions, il a une préférence pour les terrains rocailleux et secs.

Étymologie

Cette espèce relativement petite (chica en espagnol = petite) porte le nom du naturaliste allemand Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867) qui créa d'importantes collections au Brésil.

Publication originale

  • Wagler, 1824 : Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. in Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae, p. 1-75 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Warrell, 2004 : Snakebites in Central and South America. Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Clinical Management. in Campbell & Lamar, 2004 : The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. p. 870, 1500 plates. (ISBN 0-8014-4141-2)
  3. Bothrops neuwiedi à Munich AntiVenom INdex (MAVIN).
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FR

Bothrops neuwiedi: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Bothrops neuwiedi, ou Yarará chica ou Jararaca-cruzeira ou Jararaca Pintada, est une espèce de serpents de la famille des Viperidae.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia FR

Bothrops neuwiedi ( Italian )

fornì da wikipedia IT

Il ferro di lancia di Neuwied (Bothrops neuwiedi (Wagler, 1824)) è un serpente della famiglia Viperidae diffuso in Sud America.[1]

Descrizione

Sul dorso, di color bruno-grigio, si snodano delle grandi macchie scure di forma trapezoidale. Intercalate ad esse si aggiungono piccole macchie circolari. Lateralmente, in corrispondenza della livrea dorsale, si articola una serie di macchie dello stesso colore. Il ventre è rosato e maculato.

Biologia

È una specie ovovivipara e si nutre principalmente di piccoli vertebrati come roditori e lucertole. È dotato di un veleno potenzialmente pericoloso per gli esseri umani.

Distribuzione e habitat

Vive nelle foreste umide dal Rio Grande do Sul del Brasile fino a quelle dell'Uruguay.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b Bothrops neuwiedi, in The Reptile Database. URL consultato il 28 luglio 2014.

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia IT

Bothrops neuwiedi: Brief Summary ( Italian )

fornì da wikipedia IT

Il ferro di lancia di Neuwied (Bothrops neuwiedi (Wagler, 1824)) è un serpente della famiglia Viperidae diffuso in Sud America.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia IT

Jararaca-cruzeira ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Bothrops neuwiedi, popularmente conhecida como jararaca-cruzeira, jararaca-pintada, boca-de-sapo, bocuda, jararaca-do-rabo-branco, jararaquinha, rabo-de-osso, tirapeia e urutu, é uma espécie de serpente da família Viperidae. Endêmica do Brasil, pode ser encontrada na Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul.[1]

É uma serpente de até 1,15 metros. Possui coloração variável entre cinza, marrom ou pardo de acordo com a subespécie, com manchas triangulares escuras, margeadas de claro, e indivíduos jovens com a ponta da cauda branca.

Veneno

Seu veneno tem ação proteolítica. Todas as serpentes do grupo Bothrops, quando injetam o veneno, produzem sintomas semelhantes: no local da picada, sempre há dor, com aumento progressivo; a região afetada começa a inchar gradativamente e surgem manchas róseas (avermelhadas) ou cianóticas (azuladas ou arroxeadas); a seguir, surgem bolhas, que podem conter sangue no interior. Quando as reações locais se tornam mais intensas, aparece febre e podem ocorrer infecções secundárias. Nas ocorrências graves, é possível surgir vômitos, sudorese e desmaio. Nos casos benignos, o sangue coagula; já nos casos graves, torna-se incoagulável de 30 a 60 minutos depois da picada. Em situações mais severas, há perigo da queda da pressão sanguínea, com possibilidade de colapso periférico.

Subespécies

Existem várias subespécies que variam basicamente na coloração e tamanho. Geralmente, a variação leva o nome do lugar de onde a serpente é endêmica.

  • Bothrops neuwiedi goyazensis
  • Bothrops neuwiedi meridionalis
  • Bothrops neuwiedi neuwiedi
  • Bothrops neuwiedi paranaensis
  • Bothrops neuwiedi urutu

Ver também

Referências

  1. SILVA, V.X. da; RODRIGUES, M.T. (2008). «Taxonomic revision of the Bothrops neuwiedi complex (Serpentes, Viperidae) with description of a new species». Phyllomedusa. 7 (1): 45-90 !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (link)

 title=
licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT

Jararaca-cruzeira: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Bothrops neuwiedi, popularmente conhecida como jararaca-cruzeira, jararaca-pintada, boca-de-sapo, bocuda, jararaca-do-rabo-branco, jararaquinha, rabo-de-osso, tirapeia e urutu, é uma espécie de serpente da família Viperidae. Endêmica do Brasil, pode ser encontrada na Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul.

É uma serpente de até 1,15 metros. Possui coloração variável entre cinza, marrom ou pardo de acordo com a subespécie, com manchas triangulares escuras, margeadas de claro, e indivíduos jovens com a ponta da cauda branca.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia PT