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Comments ( Anglèis )

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Youngia japonica is now considered a pantropical weed. Relatively few specimens in the flora match what Babcock and Stebbins called subsp. elstonii, with cauline leaves almost as large as the basal and with conspicuous, lobed bracts at the bases of the proximalmost branches of the capitulescence. In subsp. japonica, to which most of our specimens are referred, the cauline leaves are much reduced or lacking, as are the bracts of the capitulescence.
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 256 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Stems terete, fistulose. Leaves: petioles 1–10 cm, glabrous, puberulent, or densely hairy (hairs often brownish, crinkled); blades 3–12(–25) × 2–4(–6) cm, lateral lobes 0–20, mostly gradually reduced proximally, terminal lobes elliptic, ovate, obovate, or oblong-truncate, larger than laterals, apices obtuse or acute. Peduncles 1–5(–15) mm. Phyllaries 3.5–6 mm, bases and midribs becoming ± spongy, abaxial faces glabrous, glabrate, or hairy (hairs appressed, shining). Florets: corollas mostly 4.5–6.5 mm; anthers dark green (drying purplish); styles and style-branches yellow. Cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm, bases hollow, lightly calloused; pappi 2.5–3.5 mm, slightly surpassing phyllaries. 2n = 16.
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 256 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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W. Pakistan, Himalaya (Kumaun to Bhutan), India, Ceylon, China, Japan, Indo-China, Philippines, Malaysia, Hawaii; widely introduced throughout the tropics.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Elevation Range ( Anglèis )

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230-2900 m
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym ( Anglèis )

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Prenanthes japonica Linnaeus, Mant. Pl., 107. 1767; Crepis japonica (Linnaeus) Bentham; Youngia japonica subsp. elstonii (Hochreutiner) Babcock & Stebbins
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 256 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Youngia japonica ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Youngia japonica, commonly called Oriental false hawksbeard,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Native to eastern Asia, it is now found as a weed nearly worldwide.

Description

It is an annual that produces yellow flowers. In tropical areas, it can bloom year round, while in temperate areas it blooms in late spring and early summer.[2] Plants are variable in height, ranging from 10 to 150 cm (4 to 59 in) depending on growing conditions. Stems are usually solitary and erect. Basal leaves are large a pinnately divided. Its fruits are wind dispersed.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Youngia japonica is native to eastern Asia in China and Japan.[3][4] However, it has been spread far from its initial range, and is now found as a non-native species nearly worldwide. It is present in Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.[2] In the United States, it is spreading rapidly, although it is largely restricted to areas in the Southeast.[5][6] It grows well in response to human disturbance, and is found in areas such roadsides, cultivated fields and in lawns.[2] In China, it is found in a variety of natural and disturbed habitats.[3] It is known to penetrate into intact natural communities as an invasive species in the United States.[5]

Taxonomy

Three subspecies are recognized. They are:[3]

  • Youngia japonica subsp. elstonii - With many stem leaves. Not known to be weedy.
  • Youngia japonica subsp. japonica - With few to no stem leaves. A weed found nearly worldwide.
  • Youngia japonica subsp. longiflora - Has larger flowers. Not known to be weedy. This is considered the most distinct subspecies.

It has been reported to form intergeneric hybrids with Lapsanastrum humile in Japan.[4]

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Youngia japonica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Flora of North America, Youngia japonica
  3. ^ a b c d Flora of China, Youngia japonica
  4. ^ a b Ohwi, Jisaburo (1965). Flora of Japan. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. p. 930. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.43786. LCCN 65062683. OCLC 182709297.
  5. ^ a b Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  6. ^ "Youngia japonica". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
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Youngia japonica: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Youngia japonica, commonly called Oriental false hawksbeard, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Native to eastern Asia, it is now found as a weed nearly worldwide.

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Hoàng đương Nhật Bản ( vietnamèis )

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Youngia japonica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được (L.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Youngia japonica. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Hoàng đương Nhật Bản  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Hoàng đương Nhật Bản


Bài viết tông cúc Cichorieae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Hoàng đương Nhật Bản: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Youngia japonica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được (L.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1838.

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黄鹤菜 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Youngia japonica
(L.) DC.

黄鹤菜学名Youngia japonica)为菊科黄鹌菜属下的一个种。

参考文献

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小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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黄鹤菜: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

黄鹤菜(学名:Youngia japonica)为菊科黄鹌菜属下的一个种。

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オニタビラコ ( Giaponèis )

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オニタビラコ Youngja japonica
Youngja japonica
(東京都町田市、2006年5月1日)
分類APG III : 植物界 Plantae 階級なし : 被子植物 Angiosperms 階級なし : 真正双子葉類 Eudicots 階級なし : コア真正双子葉類 Core eudicots 階級なし : キク類 Asterids 階級なし : 真正キク類II Euasterids II : キク目 Asterales : キク科 Asteraceae 亜科 : タンポポ亜科 Cichorioideae : タンポポ連 Cichorieae 亜連 : Crepidinae : オニタビラコ属 Youngia : オニタビラコ Y. japonica 学名 Youngia japonica
(L.) DC.[1] シノニム

Crepis japonica
(L.) Benth.

和名 オニタビラコ(鬼田平子) 英名 oriental false hawksbeard 亜種
  • タカオタビラコ Y. j. subsp. formosana

オニタビラコ(鬼田平子、学名Youngia japonica)は、キク科オニタビラコ属越年草道端に自生する雑草

形態・生態[編集]

を含め、植物全体に細かいを密生する。は高さ20cmから1m程に生長し、所々に小さな茎葉をつける。

葉は地面近くに集中し、ロゼット状についている。長さ8 - 25cm、タンポポの葉のように羽状に裂けた複葉となるが、先端の小葉が丸っこい三角で大きい。

茎の上部が枝分かれして複散房状に分枝し、多数の黄色を咲かせる。花は直径7 - 8mm程度で、小さなタンポポといったところ。からにかけて開花するが、暖かい地域では年中花をつける例もある。冠毛白色

なお、この植物の花茎が妙にふくらんでねじれるものを見かけることがよくあるが、これは半子嚢菌類のプロトミケスProtomyces inouyei)の寄生によるものである。

分布・生育地[編集]

日本全土、中国インドヒマラヤミクロネシアオーストラリアにわたって広く分布する。

人間との関わり[編集]

和名の「オニタビラコ(鬼田平子)」は、「大柄なタビラコ」の意であろう。タビラコはコオニタビラコのことである。たしかに、タビラコより大柄な植物であるが、個々の頭花についてはむしろこちらの方が小さい。しかし、現在の標準和名が「小オニタビラコ」であるから、話は循環してしまっている。なお、コオニタビラコは春の七草の「ほとけのざ」のことなので、混同されてオニタビラコも七草がゆに使われることがある。間違いではあるが、食べられるようである。

それ以外では、オニタビラコはありふれた雑草である。

類似種との区別[編集]

オニタビラコは、上記のコオニタビラコやその近縁種であるヤブタビラコと混同されることがある。いずれも大きい鋸歯のある根出葉を持ち、細い茎を立てて黄色いタンポポ様の小さな花をつける点では共通する。生育環境としてはコオニタビラコはより湿潤な地を、ヤブタビラコは山林寄りを選ぶが、混成する場合もある。

外見的にはオニタビラコは花茎をまっすぐに立て、多数の花をつけるのに対して、他2種は花茎を斜めにあげて少数の花をつける。より正確には花後の様子を見ればよい。オニタビラコの場合、そのまま上を向いて熟し、種子が熟すると綿毛を持つ種子(果実)が現れるのに対して、他2種では花が終わると総包は下を向き、丸く膨らんで熟する。また、種子には綿毛がない。本種はオニタビラコ属であるのに対し、他2種はヤブタビラコ属で、分類的にもやや離れる。

脚注[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ 米倉浩司; 梶田忠 (2003-). “「BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス」(YList)”. 参考文献[編集]
    • 平野隆久写真 『野に咲く花』 林弥栄監修、山と溪谷社〈山溪ハンディ図鑑〉、ISBN 4-635-07001-8。
    • 日野東解説、平野隆久写真 『日本の野草・雑草』 成美堂出版〈ポケット図鑑〉、ISBN 4-415-01009-1。
    • 佐竹義輔ほか編 『日本の野生植物 草本 3 合弁花類』 平凡社ISBN 978-4-582-53503-7。
    • 宇田川俊一ほか 『菌類図鑑 上』 講談社全国書誌番号:78009086OCLC 47515275

    関連項目[編集]

     src= ウィキスピーシーズにオニタビラコに関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、オニタビラコに関連するカテゴリがあります。

    外部リンク[編集]

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オニタビラコ: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

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オニタビラコ(鬼田平子、学名:Youngia japonica)は、キク科オニタビラコ属越年草道端に自生する雑草

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