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Oncomelania hupensis Gredler 1881

Oncomelania hupensis ( Anglèis )

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Oncomelania hupensis is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

Distribution

Oncomelania hupensis has been found in China, Taiwan, and also in Japan, the Philippines, and on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi.[1]

Ribbed-shelled Oncomelania hupensis hupensis. The ribs on the shell and varix surrounding the aperture are clearly visible, and a pair of eyes and a pair of tentacles are also visible on the head, with a strong contour of the foot below.[2]

Description

Over the past a few decades, the taxonomy of Oncomelania hupensis has been a dispute due to the variation in morphological characters such as shell sculpture, operculum etc. Phenotypically, Oncomelania hupensis can be separated into ribbed- and smooth- shelled morphotypes. In China, the typical morphotype of Oncomelania hupensis is ribbed-shelled, and its distribution is restricted to Yangtze River basin. Smooth-shelled snails are also distributed in mainland China, but are considered the same species and subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis.[1]

Oncomelania hupensis reported in other Far East countries are smooth-shelled, and have been considered either as subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis or independent species in this genus.[1]

Photo of apertural view of a shell of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis.
Drawing of apertural view of a shell of Oncomelania hupensis nosophora. The scale is 1 mm.
Drawing of lateral view of a part of a shell of Oncomelania hupensis nosophora. The scale is 1 mm.

Subspecies

Oncomelania hupensis nosophora
  • Oncomelania hupensis chiui (Habe & Miyazaki, 1962)—in Taiwan[3]
  • Oncomelania hupensis hupensis (Gredler, 1881)—in China.[3] It is the most widely distributed subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis and lives primarily at low altitude but a few populations live in hilly areas in the drainage area of the Yangtze River in mainland China. It has varix, no matter whether the shell is smooth or ribbed, but most populations have ribbed-shell. Oncomelania hupensis hupensis has the same shell growth allometry as Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni but has a longer shell on average.[1]
  • Oncomelania hupensis formosana (Pilsbry & Hirase)—in Taiwan[3]
  • Oncomelania hupensis guangxiensis (Liu, 1981)
  • Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis (Davis & Carney, 1973)—in Sulawesi,[3] or as separate species Oncomelania lindoensis
  • Oncomelania hupensis nosophora (Robson, 1915)[3]—it is endangered (type I, CR+EN) taxon in Japan.[4]
  • Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi (Möllendorff, 1895)—in Philippines[3]
  • Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni (Bartsch, 1946)—it has a small, smooth shell but with no varix, is found in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces.[1]
  • Oncomelania hupensis tangi (Bartsch, 1936)—it has a smooth shell but with thick varix, is found in Fujian province and Guangxi autonomous region, separated geographically from the Yangtze River, and extensive control measures have brought this subspecies to near extinction.[1]

There are 4 subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis in China: hupensis, robertsoni, tangi and guangxiensis.[5][6]

Genetic confirmation of these four Chinese subspecies: Based on shell form, biogeographical and allozyme data, Davis et al. (1995)[7] distinguished 3 subspecies of the Oncomelania hupensis in mainland China.[1] However, Zhou et al. (2008)[8] separated the Oncomelania hupensis guangxiensis out from Oncomelania hupensis tangi based on allozymes and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), which was verified recently by Li et al.[9] with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S fragments.

Genetics

It may also be possible that continuous control efforts, such as routine molluscicides in China, which have been used to control snails for about fifty years, might have imposed some effect on population genetics of these snails.[1]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oncomelania hupensis has been released in 2010.[10]

Habitat

Photo of habitat of rice paddy field (in dry season). It is inhabited by Oncomelania hupensis nosophora, which is a seasonally amphibious species.[11]

It is seasonally amphibious species which lives in lakes and on marshy ground.[11]

The habitats of Oncomelania hupensis in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River include lake/marshland regions and hill regions, both of which have extensive physical connections with the Yangtze River through channels or in low floodplains beside the Yangtze River. With frequent floodings of the Yangtze River, snails in these habitats can be dispersed and subsequently deposited widely in various localities. The accumulation of mixed sources of snails can then generate genetically diversified populations of snails, leading to the existence of various haplotypes.[1]

In Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni are distributed in mountainous areas, and are not subjected to flood influence as much as in the middle and lower reaches of the river.[1] It is interesting to see that a relatively lower number of haplotypes were found in this region as compared with Oncomelania hupensis hupensis.[1] It appears likely that there has been certain degree of isolation for these mountainous populations.[1]

Parasites

This freshwater snail is significant medically, because it is an important vector of parasitic infection in the tropics and subtropics. It can serve as vectors for two serious human diseases: the schistosomiasis blood fluke parasite, and the paragonimus lung fluke parasites.

Oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum,[6][12] which causes schistosomiasis endemic in the Far East, and especially in mainland China. Oncomelania hupensis largely determines the parasite's geographical range.[1] Disinfesting Oncomelania hupensis, Japan has completely overcome Schistosoma japonicum.

See also

  • Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi is synonymous with Oncomelania quadrasi (Davis, 1968). It is endemic in the Philippines.[13]

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.5 text from references.[1][2]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Zhao Q. P., Jiang M. S., Littlewood D. T. J. & Nie P. (2010). "Distinct Genetic Diversity of Oncomelania hupensis, Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in Mainland China as Revealed by ITS Sequences". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3): e611. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000611.
  2. ^ a b Zhao Q. P., Jiang M. S., Littlewood D. T. J. & Nie P. (2010) "Distinct Genetic Diversity of Oncomelania hupensis, Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in Mainland China as Revealed by ITS Sequences". Ribbed-shelled Oncomelania hupensis hupensis (Gredler, 1881)". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3): e611. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000611.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Davis G. M. (1979). "The origin and evolution of the gastropod family Pomatiopsidae, with emphasis on the Mekong river Triculinae". Academy of natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 20: 1–120. ISBN 978-1-4223-1926-0. at Google Books.
  4. ^ (in Japanese) "カタヤマガイ". 日本のレッドデータ検索システム [Japanese Red List Data Book], accessed 17 July 2011.
  5. ^ Zhou Yi-Biao, Zhao Gen-Ming & Jiang Qing-Wu. (2008). "Genetic Variability of Schistosoma japonicum (Katsorada, 1904) Intermediate Hosts Oncomelania hupensis (Gredler, 1881) (Gastropoda: Rissooidea)". Annales Zoologici 58(4): 881–889. 10.3161/000345408X396792.
  6. ^ a b Yi-Biao Zhou, Mei-Xia Yang, Gen-Ming Zhao, Jiang-Guo Wei & Qing-Wu Jiang. (2007). "Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda: Rissooidea), Intermediate Host Of Schistosoma japonicum In China: Genetics and Molecular Phylogeny Based On Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms". Malacologia 49(2): 367–382. doi:10.4002/0076-2997-49.2.367, abstract
  7. ^ Davis G. M., Zhang Y., Guo Y. H. & Spolsky C. M. (1995). "Population genetics and systematic status of Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) throughout China". Malacologia 37: 133–156.
  8. ^ (in Chinese) Zhou Y. B., Jiang Q. W., Zhao G. M. & Yuan H. C. (2007). "Subspecies differentiation of Oncomelania hupensis from mainland China". Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control 19: 485–487.
  9. ^ Li S. Z., Wang Y. X., Yang K., Liu Q., Wang Q., et al. (2009). "Landscape genetics: the correlation of spatial and genetic distances of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host snail of Schistosoma japonicum in mainland China". Geospatial Health 3: 221–231.
  10. ^ Zhao Q. P., Zhang S. H., Deng Z. R., Jiang M. S. & Nie P. (2010). "Conservation and variation in mitochondrial genomes of gastropods Oncomelania hupensis and Tricula hortensis, intermediate host snails of Schistosoma in China". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(1): 215–226. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.05.026.
  11. ^ a b Kameda Y. & Kato M. (2011). "Terrestrial invasion of pomatiopsid gastropods in the heavy-snow region of the Japanese Archipelago". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: 118. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-118.
  12. ^ Lewis F. A., Liang Y., Raghavan N. & Knight M. (2008). "The NIH-NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2(7): e267. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000267.
  13. ^ Garcia, R. G. (1972). "Tolerance of Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi to varying concentrations of dissolved oxygen and organic pollution". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 47 (1): 59–70. PMC 2480802. PMID 4538906..
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Oncomelania hupensis: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Oncomelania hupensis is a species of very small tropical freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pomatiopsidae.

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Oncomelania hupensis ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

Oncomelania hupensis es una especie de molusco gastrópodo de la familia Pomatiopsidae. Es un importantes vector de infecciones parasitarias en los trópicos y subtrópicos. El parásito de la sangre Schistosoma y el de los pulmones Paragonimus usan O. hupensis como su hospedador durante parte de ciclo de vida.

Referencias

  • Zhou Yi-Biao, Zhao Gen-Ming & Jiang Qing-Wu. 2008. "Genetic Variability of Schistosoma Japonicum (Katsorada, 1904) Intermediate Hosts Oncomelania Hupensis (Gredler, 1881) (Gastropoda: Rissooidea)]"; Annales Zoologici 58 (4): 881-889(9).
  • Yi-Biao Zhou, Mei-Xia Yang, Gen-Ming Zhao, Jiang-Guo Wei & Qing-Wu Jiang. 2007. "Oncomelania hupensis (Gastropoda: Rissooidea), Intermediate Host Of Schistosoma japonicum; China: Genetics and Molecular Phylogeny Based On Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms. Malacologia 49 (2): 367-382 doi: 10.4002/0076-2997-49.2.367, abstract
  • Fred A. Lewis, Yung-san Liang, Nithya Raghavan & Matty Knight. "The NIH-NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2(7): e267. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000267
 title=
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Oncomelania hupensis: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

Oncomelania hupensis es una especie de molusco gastrópodo de la familia Pomatiopsidae. Es un importantes vector de infecciones parasitarias en los trópicos y subtrópicos. El parásito de la sangre Schistosoma y el de los pulmones Paragonimus usan O. hupensis como su hospedador durante parte de ciclo de vida.

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ミヤイリガイ ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
ミヤイリガイ Oncomelania hupensis nosophora.png
ミヤイリガイ
分類 : 動物Animalia : 軟体動物Mollusca : 腹足綱 Gastropoda 亜綱 : 上目 : : 盤足目Discopoda 亜目 : 上科 : リソツボ上科Rissooidea : イツマデガイ科 Pomatiopsidae : オンコメラニア属 Oncomelania : Oncomelania hupensis 亜種 : ミヤイリガイ O. hupensis nosophora 学名 Oncomelania hupensis nosophora
Robson, 1915
 src=
宮入貝供養碑。久留米市宮ノ陣。2014年12月6日撮影。

ミヤイリガイ(宮入貝)またはカタヤマガイ(片山貝)、学名 Oncomelania hupensis nosophora は、盤足目イツマデガイ科に分類される巻貝の一種である。

ミヤイリガイの名は発見者の宮入慶之助に、カタヤマガイの名は日本住血吸虫症の症状を書き記した19世紀中頃の書物『片山記』[1]に由来する。また、岡山県高屋川流域の生息地ではナナマキガイという方言で呼ばれていた[2]

殻は栗褐色で厚く堅い。殻の表面は滑らかで光沢がある。殻の高さ7mm、幅2.5mmほどで、巻きは8階。水田の溝や浅い小川などの止水域の泥底に生息する[3]。親貝は6月頃、常に湿潤な柔らかい泥土に産卵し、孵化した個体は秋までに大きくなるのが一般的。冬は叢の根元や窪みで越冬する[4]。寿命は約2年かそれ以上と推測される[5]

日本住血吸虫中間宿主として知られる。また、ミヤイリガイの体内には多くの原虫線虫、各種吸虫セルカリアが寄生し、日本住血吸虫のセルカリアだけでも平均2,000 - 3,000匹も寄生している[5]

日本では、関東地方利根川流域)から九州北部(筑後川流域)にかけて日本住血吸虫症の流行域に重なるように局地的に分布していたが、同症を媒介する危険生物(衛生害虫)とされ、撲滅を目的とした駆除(用水路改修、薬剤散布、土地改良など)により千葉県小櫃川流域[6]山梨県甲府盆地北西部(釜無川流域)の一部を除き絶滅したとみられている[2][7]2014年現在、絶滅危惧IA類 (CR)環境省レッドリスト)に指定されている[8]

分類学上、ミヤイリガイはイツマデガイ科オンコメラニア属基準種 Oncomelania hupensis の一亜種に位置づけられている。Oncomelania hupensis の亜種は、日本・中国台湾フィリピンスラウェシ島などから10前後が発見され記載されている。

脚注[編集]

[ヘルプ]  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ミヤイリガイに関連するカテゴリがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
 title=
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ミヤイリガイ: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
 src= 宮入貝供養碑。久留米市宮ノ陣。2014年12月6日撮影。

ミヤイリガイ(宮入貝)またはカタヤマガイ(片山貝)、学名 Oncomelania hupensis nosophora は、盤足目イツマデガイ科に分類される巻貝の一種である。

ミヤイリガイの名は発見者の宮入慶之助に、カタヤマガイの名は日本住血吸虫症の症状を書き記した19世紀中頃の書物『片山記』に由来する。また、岡山県高屋川流域の生息地ではナナマキガイという方言で呼ばれていた。

殻は栗褐色で厚く堅い。殻の表面は滑らかで光沢がある。殻の高さ7mm、幅2.5mmほどで、巻きは8階。水田の溝や浅い小川などの止水域の泥底に生息する。親貝は6月頃、常に湿潤な柔らかい泥土に産卵し、孵化した個体は秋までに大きくなるのが一般的。冬は叢の根元や窪みで越冬する。寿命は約2年かそれ以上と推測される。

日本住血吸虫中間宿主として知られる。また、ミヤイリガイの体内には多くの原虫線虫、各種吸虫セルカリアが寄生し、日本住血吸虫のセルカリアだけでも平均2,000 - 3,000匹も寄生している。

日本では、関東地方利根川流域)から九州北部(筑後川流域)にかけて日本住血吸虫症の流行域に重なるように局地的に分布していたが、同症を媒介する危険生物(衛生害虫)とされ、撲滅を目的とした駆除(用水路改修、薬剤散布、土地改良など)により千葉県小櫃川流域・山梨県甲府盆地北西部(釜無川流域)の一部を除き絶滅したとみられている。2014年現在、絶滅危惧IA類 (CR)(環境省レッドリスト)に指定されている。

地方病 (日本住血吸虫症)#ミヤイリガイ(宮入貝)の発見」も参照

分類学上、ミヤイリガイはイツマデガイ科オンコメラニア属基準種 Oncomelania hupensis の一亜種に位置づけられている。Oncomelania hupensis の亜種は、日本・中国台湾フィリピンスラウェシ島などから10前後が発見され記載されている。

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