Alnus alnobetula subsp. crispa (Aiton) Raus

smon-e tut active growth period allelopathic effect anaerobic soil tolerance are eaten by are host of bloom period browse animal palatability calcareous soil tolerance carbon-to-nitrogen ratio cellularity commercial availability drought tolerance fire resistance fire tolerance fixes flower color foliage porosity summer foliage porosity winter foliage texture frost free days fruit or seed color fruit/seed abundance fruit/seed persistence fuelwood suitability geographic distribution germination requirements grain type grass growth type graze animal palatability growth rate hedge tolerance horticulture human/livestock toxicity is a component of leaf color life cycle habit life span livestock bloat potential low temperature tolerance moisture use native range includes nitrogen fixation number of records in gbif plant growth form plant height plant propagation method planthabit planting density precipitation tolerance primary growth form primary macronutrient requirements produces resprout ability after clipping salt tolerance seed period begin seed period end seed spread rate seedling survival seeds per pound shade tolerance shape shedability soil depth soil ph soil requirements trophic guild type specimen repository vegetative spread rate

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