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Plancia ëd Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger 1898
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Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger 1898

Description ( Anglèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus is a medium to large sized frog in which females have a snout-vent length of 61.2 – 107.7 mm (mean of 85.3 mm) and males have a snout-vent length of 79.0 – 121.5 mm (mean of 104.6 mm). Adult males have chisel-shaped thumb spines. Toes are fringed, heavy dorsolateral folds are present from behind eye to the sacrum, then faint beyond sacrum. A lighter area is present from below the nostrils to beyond the tympanum, above the lip. Body shape is raniform (Heyer and de Sá 2011). This species is consistently identified from other members of the L. bolivianus complex by the presence of a single chisel shaped spine on the thumb of sexually mature males. It has no spines on the chest, but has fringed toes and is raniform in shape (Heyer and de Sá 2011). In life, Leptodactylus bolivianus is a light brown to tan frog. It has darker (chocolate) spots and leg bars. Upper lip is light in color. Vent is very light tan. Overall dorsal coloration is light brown, usually with light patterning. The hind limbs exhibit faint to moderate oblong blotches and spots, which appear as bars. Ventral coloration very light (Heyer and de Sá 2011).Species authorities are Boulenger, 1898; Capocaccia, 1957; and Heyer and de Sá, 2011 This species was previously described as a very wide-ranging, single species. In 2011, Heyer and de Sá defined it morphologically and molecularly, restricting the distribution of L. bolivianus to the Amazon basin from the proximity of Manaus, Brazil west to the Andes.The specific name refers to the nation of Bolivia where the type specimen was collected (Heyer and de Sá 2011).A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) (http://darnis.inbio.ac.cr/FMPro?-DB=UBIpub.fp3&-lay=WebAll&-Format=/ubi/detail.html&-Op=bw&id=4255&-Find).

Arferiment

  • Heyer, W. R., de Sá, R.O (2011). ''Variation, Systematics, and Relationships of the Leptodactylus bolivianus Complex (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae).'' Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 635, 1-58.
  • Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Chaves, G., Savage, J., Jaramillo, C., Fuenmayor, Q., Reynolds, R., Caramaschi, U., Mijares, A., Acosta-Galvis, A., Hardy, J., La Marca, E., Manzanilla, J., Bolaños, F. (2004). Leptodactylus bolivianus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 01 July 2013.

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Distribution and Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus can be found in western Brazil, Bolivia, southern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia and Peru. The species occurs in the Amazon basin from about Manaus, Brazil west to the Andean foothills up to 1400 m ASL (Heyer and de Sá 2011). However, records from Ecuador were not examined in Heyer and de Sá’s description of the L. bolivianus complex and thus there is potential for the species to be found in Ecuador as well.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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There are no known threats to this species, which can be found in many protected areas. It is a common species where it occurs and does not appear to be affected by water pollution (Solis et al. 2004).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( Anglèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus is a large, burrowing, nocturnal species that occurs in a variety of habitats including open grassland, humid and dry lowland forest, secondary forest, swamps, and agricultural fields. They are thought to create their burrows and are associated with water sources – permanent, marshes, and temporary ponds. Breeding is assumed to take place in the early or mid rainy season. Eggs are laid in foam nests on top of the water hidden by vegetation. Larvae are believed to develop in muddy, shallow ponds (Solis et al. 2004).Leptodactylus bolivianus advertisement calls consist of 1-2 notes with a rate of 0.5/seconds and duration of 0.12 – 0.16 seconds on a modulated amplitude. The call starts at a low frequency (130 – 200 Hz) increasing to a higher frequency (730 – 780 Hz). The loudest part of the call is the middle. Males exhibit hypertrophied forelimbs, presumably to assist in grasping females during breeding (Heyer and de Sá 2011).
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Distribution ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: En las tierras húmedas y bajas del centro y sur de la vertiente Pacífica, entre 1 y 400 m. de elevación (Savage 2002).
Distribucion General: Se encuentra desde el sur de Colombia y Venezuela, incluso en las Guyanas y Trinidad, y en Costa Rica.

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Habitat ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Viven en áreas deforestadas.

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Reproduction ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El canto del macho se asemeja al ruido del sonar de los submarinos, tal como se escucha en las películas. La pareja de estas ranas ubica su nido de espuma en charcos temporales de poca profundidad. La hembra permanece cerca de su nido y de los renacuajos jóvenes.

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Diagnostic Description ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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La superficie posterior del muslo es marmórea, sin una línea longitudinal clara y definida. Los machos cuentan con sacos vocales internos. Cuentan además con una o más espinas pulgares córneas. Los dedos de las patas presentan prominentes rebordes laterales. Los machos exhiben dos espinas córneas en cada pulgar, que les ayuda a sujetar a la hembra.

Los dientes vomerianos se extienden al menos en forma parcial entre las coanas y en series arqueadas. El brazo del macho puede encontrarse hipertrofiado. La tibia es larga y mide de un 48 a un 54% de la longitud estándar.

La longitud estándar máxima de los ejemplares adultos machos es de 94 mm., y la de las hembras es de 88 mm. La piel es lisa.

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Diagnostic Description ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Localidad del tipo: Barraca, Río Madidi, Bolivia.
Depositario del tipo: Sintipos: BM, MZUT An488 y An506, MSNG 28875A .
Recolector del tipo:
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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus és una espècie de granota que viu a Bolívia, Brasil, Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guaiana Francesa, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panamà, Perú, Surinam, Trinitat i Tobago i Veneçuela.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Leptodactylus bolivianus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Hvízdalka bolívijská ( Cech )

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 src=
Pulci Hvízdalky bolívijské

Hvízdalka bolívijská, známá také jako hvízdalka hranatá (Leptodactylus bolivianus, syn. Cystignathus ocellatus, Leptodactylus [Pachypus] bolivianus, Leptodactylus insularum, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Leptodactylus romani a Rana ocellata) je hvízdalkovitá žába náležící do rodu Leptodactylus. Popsal ji George Albert Boulenger v roce 1898.

Výskyt

Obývá Střední a Jižní Ameriku, ve Střední Americe osídlila například Kostariku, Panamu či Nikaraguu, v Jižní Americe potom žije v západní Brazílii, na jihu Venezuely, v jihovýchodní části státu Kolumbie, v Surinamu, Bolívii a dalších zemích. Lze ji najít až do nadmořské výšky 1 400 m n. m. Žije hlavně v oblastech, ve kterých jsou stálé vodní nádrže, může obývat například lesy (včetně sekundárních), bažiny i rýžová políčka.

Popis

Samičky tohoto druhu dosahují velikosti zhruba 85,3 mm, samci až 104,6 mm, jedná se žábu středního až velkého těla. Samci mají zvětšené přední končetiny, což pravděpodobně usnadňuje páření. Hvízdalka bolívijská má světlehnědé zbarvení se skvrnami na končetinách, spodek těla je potom světlý. Tato žába je aktivní v noci a ozývá se jedním až dvěma zakvákáními o postupně se zvyšující frekvenci, která trvají půl sekundy. Rozmnožování nebylo řádně prostudováno. Probíhá v období dešťů, vajíčka samice ukládá to pěnového obalu nad vodní hladinu. Vylíhnutí pulci se poté vyvíjejí v mělkých vodních nádržích. Podle studie z roku 1988 se všichni pulci pohybují dohromady v jednom směru. Samice může mláďata přesouvat na jiná místa pomocí signálů posílaných ve vodě. Je možné, že se tak snaží přesunout svá mláďata do oblastí d hlubší vodou anebo je tak chrání před útoky predátorů.

Na druhu parazituje zástupce čeledi Euglenamorphaceae Hegneria leptodactyli.

Ohrožení

Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí druh hvízdalka bolívijská jako málo dotčený, protože má velkou a stabilní populaci obývající rozsáhlý areál výskytu včetně chráněných areálů. Nevadí jí ani znečištěné vody a velké hrozby nejsou známy − pouze tamější obyvatelé mohou žáby lovit.

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  • hvízdalka bolívijská [online]. Biolib.cz [cit. 2017-07-13]. Dostupné online.
  • Leptodactylus bolivianus [online]. Iucn Red List of Threatened Species, rev. leden 2017 [cit. 2017-07-13]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  • FREIERMUTH, Brian. Leptodactylus bolivianus [online]. University of California, Berkeley: AmphibiaWeb, 2009-11-02, rev. 2013-08-14 [cit. 2017-07-13]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  • WELLS, Kentwood D.; BARD, Kathleen M. Parental Behavior of an Aquatic-Breeding Tropical Frog, Leptodactylus bolivianus. Journal of Herpetology. 1988, roč. 22, čís. 3, s. 361–364. Dostupné online [cit. 2017-07-13]. DOI:10.2307/1564166.

Externí odkazy

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Hvízdalka bolívijská: Brief Summary ( Cech )

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 src= Pulci Hvízdalky bolívijské

Hvízdalka bolívijská, známá také jako hvízdalka hranatá (Leptodactylus bolivianus, syn. Cystignathus ocellatus, Leptodactylus [Pachypus] bolivianus, Leptodactylus insularum, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Leptodactylus romani a Rana ocellata) je hvízdalkovitá žába náležící do rodu Leptodactylus. Popsal ji George Albert Boulenger v roce 1898.

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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( Anglèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. Its local name is sapo-rana boliviano ("Bolivian toad-frog").

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, shrub-dominated wetlands, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, aquaculture ponds, sewage treatment areas, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

References

  1. ^ Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Chaves, G.; Savage, J.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q.; Reynolds, R.; Caramaschi, U.; Mijares, A.; Acosta-Galvis, A.; Hardy, J.; La Marca, E.; Manzanilla, J.; Bolaños, F. (2008). "Leptodactylus bolivianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T57114A11582479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T57114A11582479.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leptodactylus bolivianus.
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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. Its local name is sapo-rana boliviano ("Bolivian toad-frog").

It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, rivers, intermittent rivers, shrub-dominated wetlands, swamps, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, urban areas, heavily degraded former forest, ponds, aquaculture ponds, sewage treatment areas, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and canals and ditches. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN.

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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Leptodactylidae. Se encuentra en Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guayana Francesa, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panamá, Perú, Surinam, Trinidad y Tobago y Venezuela.

Referencias

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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( Basch )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus Leptodactylus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Leptodactylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus Leptodactylus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Leptodactylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( Fransèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Leptodactylidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre dans le bassin de l'Amazone[1] :

Description

 src=
Têtard de Leptodactylus bolivianus
 src=
Leptodactylus bolivianus

Leptodactylus bolivianus[2] mesure de 79 à 122 mm pour les mâles et de 61 à 108 mm pour les femelles.

Taxinomie

Cette espèce a longtemps été confondue avec Leptodactylus insularum et Leptodactylus guianensis[1].

Étymologie

Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence à sa localité type, la Bolivie[2].

Publication originale

  • Boulenger, 1898 : A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, sér. 2, vol. 19, no 19, p. 128-133 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a b et c Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. a et b Heyer & de Sá, 2011 : Variation, systematics, and relationships of the Leptodactylus bolivianus complex (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Smithsonian Contrib Zoology, no 635, p. 1-58
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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Leptodactylidae.

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Boliviaanse fluitkikker ( olandèis; flamand )

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Herpetologie

De Boliviaanse fluitkikker[2] (Leptodactylus bolivianus) is een kikker uit de familie fluitkikkers (Leptodactylidae).[3] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door George Albert Boulenger in 1898. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Rana ocellata gebruikt.

De soort komt voor in delen van Bolivia, Brazilië, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Frans-Guyana, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad en Tobago en Venezuela.[4] De kikker leeft in droge bossen, rivieren, tuinen, stedelijke gebieden, in vijvers en kanaaltjes, riolen en in plantages. Als de Boliviaanse fluitkikker wordt verstoord vertoont het dier agressief gedrag in plaats van weg te vluchten.[2]

Referenties
  1. (en) Boliviaanse fluitkikker op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. a b Grzimek, Bernhard, Het leven der dieren deel V:Vissen (II) en amfibieën, Kindler Verlag AG, 1971, Pagina 533. ISBN 90 274 8625 5.
  3. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Leptodactylus bolivianus.
  4. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Leptodactylus bolivianus.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Leptodactylus bolivianus - [1][dode link] Geconsulteerd 13 januari 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Leptodactylus bolivianus - Website
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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( portughèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus[2] é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Leptodactylidae. Pode ser encontrada na Bolívia, Peru, Brasil, Colômbia e Venezuela.[3][4]

Referências

  1. Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Chaves, G.; Savage, J.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q.; Reynolds, R.; Caramaschi, U.; Mijares, A.; Acosta-Galvis, A.; Hardy, J.; La Marca, E.; Manzanilla, J.; Bolaños, F. (2008). «Leptodactylus bolivianus». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2008: e.T57114A11582479. doi:. Consultado em 15 de novembro de 2021
  2. Frost, D.R. (2014). «Leptodactylus bolivianus». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Consultado em 13 de novembro de 2014
  3. Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Chaves, G.; Savage, J.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q.; Reynolds, R.; Caramaschi, U.; Mijares, A.; Acosta-Galvis, A.; Hardy, J.; La Marca, E.; Manzanilla, J.; Bolaños, F. (2008). Leptodactylus bolivianus (em inglês). IUCN 2014. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2014 . Página visitada em 13 de novembro de 2014..
  4. de Sá, R.O.; Grant, T.; Camargo, A.; Heyer, W.R.; Ponssa, M.L.; Stanley, E. (2014). «Systematics of the Neotropical genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the relevance of non-molecular evidence, and species accounts». South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (Spec. Issue 1): 1–128
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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus é uma espécie de anfíbio da família Leptodactylidae. Pode ser encontrada na Bolívia, Peru, Brasil, Colômbia e Venezuela.

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Leptodactylus bolivianus ( vietnamèis )

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Leptodactylus bolivianus là một loài ếch trong họ Leptodactylidae. Tên gọi bản địa của nó là sapo-rana boliviano ("Bolivian toad-frog").

Nó được tìm thấy ở Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyane thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad và Tobago, và Venezuela. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng ẩm đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng ngập nước hoặc lụt theo mùa, sông, sông có nước theo mùa, đất ngập nước với cây bụi là chủ yếu, đầm nước, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, đất canh tác, vùng đồng cỏ, các đồn điền, vườn nông thôn, các vùng đô thị, các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề, ao, ao nuôi trồng thủy sản, khu vực xử lý nước thải, đất có tưới tiêu, đất nông nghiệp có lụt theo mùa, và kênh đào và mương rãnh. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Leptodactylus bolivianus

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Leptodactylus bolivianus tại Wikimedia Commons


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Leptodactylus bolivianus: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Leptodactylus bolivianus là một loài ếch trong họ Leptodactylidae. Tên gọi bản địa của nó là sapo-rana boliviano ("Bolivian toad-frog").

Nó được tìm thấy ở Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guyane thuộc Pháp, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad và Tobago, và Venezuela. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng ẩm đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, đồng cỏ nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới vùng ngập nước hoặc lụt theo mùa, sông, sông có nước theo mùa, đất ngập nước với cây bụi là chủ yếu, đầm nước, đầm nước ngọt, đầm nước ngọt có nước theo mùa, đất canh tác, vùng đồng cỏ, các đồn điền, vườn nông thôn, các vùng đô thị, các khu rừng trước đây bị suy thoái nặng nề, ao, ao nuôi trồng thủy sản, khu vực xử lý nước thải, đất có tưới tiêu, đất nông nghiệp có lụt theo mùa, và kênh đào và mương rãnh. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

licensa
cc-by-sa-3.0
drit d'autor
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visité la sorgiss
sit compagn
wikipedia VI