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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Black Drum have oblong bodies with short heads. Their snouts are rather blunt. The scales and dorsal fins of the Black Drum are extremely firm. They also have cobblestone-like teeth. On the bottom of their mouth, Black Drum have between 10-15 barbels (whiskers) that are used for seeking out food. After 2 years, adult Black Drum weigh around 1.3 kilograms, while older Drum can weigh up to 37 kilograms.

The coloration of the Black Drum varies with age and environment. Younger Black Drum generally have vertical black bars running along their body. Black Drum bodies are usually black or dark gray if the Drums are living in sandy or murky water. They appear lighter in fishes that live in the Gulf of Mexico. Older Drum are generally white bellied, but coloration varies greatly within this species. (Virginia Tech Database 1996)

Range mass: 1 to 37 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Life Expectancy ( Anglèis )

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
43 years.

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Black Drum adults are generally found in areas with sandy or soft bottom. This species also stays in close proximity to oyster beds and clam shell beds.

During the colder months, the Black Drum go from the shallow areas to deeper bays. Extreme drops in water temperature have been known to wipe out many Drum at once. The Drum are most common in water temperatures ranging from 12-32 degrees Celsius. (Virginia Tech Database 1996)

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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The Black Drum ranges from the Atlantic coasts of New England all the way to Mexico. The highest number of Black Drum are found in the Gulf of Mexico. The most abundant areas for Black Drum on the Atlantic coast are south of the Chesapeake Bay. On the Gulf Coast, the most abundant areas for this species are on the lower coast of Texas. (Texas Parks and Wildlife 2000)

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native )

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Black Drum larvae feed strictly on zooplankton. Young Black Drum feed on soft crustaceans, small fish, and marine annelids. Adult Black Drum feed mainly on crabs, small fish, and shrimp. They can crush hard animals such as crabs due to their tooth specialization. The teeth are designed to crush with their cobblestone-like design. (Virginia Tech Database 1996)

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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The Black Drum is valuable as a delicacy along the Gulf coast from Texas to Mississippi. It has recreational and moderate commercial importance along the Gulf of Mexico. The Black Drum is considered to be one of the best tasting Gulf fishes. The only drawback is that fish larger than 50 centimeters are not good to eat because they tend to contain Spaghetti Worms. So, fish smaller than 50 centimeters are the only ones that are harvested with regularity. (Texas Parks and Wildlife 2000, Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources 1999)

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits ( Anglèis )

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The oyster industry suffers losses due to Black Drum predation (Beaulne and Ramcharan 2001)

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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Presently, there are no conservation efforts being made for the Black Drum.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior ( Anglèis )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

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The Black Drum has no other competition for its food sources other than the Red Drum. The Black Drum feeds on hard- shelled animals such as crab, while most other marine animals cannot break the crab's shell. Due to the Black Drum's specialized teeth designed to be able to crack the shells, the Black Drum does not have to worry about other species invading its niche. (Virginia Tech Database 1996)

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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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Black Drum spawn in many different areas. They can spawn in bays, the Gulf, or estuaries and river systems when temperatures begin to rise in March and April. To make their presence known to females, male Black Drum make deep drumming noises. Females only respond on certain nights when their ovaries are filled with eggs. When the female does acknowledge the male's presence, the two engage in what is known as a mating chase. During this chase, males bump the sides of the female that causes the release of the female's eggs. This causes a cloud as the male's sperm and the female's eggs mix. The eggs hatch within 24 hours. Black Drum reach sexual maturity after 2 years. (Virginia Tech Database 1996)

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Peterson, C. 2001. "Pogonias cromis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pogonias_cromis.html
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Chris Peterson, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fishbase
Silvery grey to very dark, young with 4 or 5 black vertical bars on sides, disappearing with growth; pelvic and anal fins usually dark. Chin with 5 pores and 10 to 13 pairs of small barbels along median edges of lower jaws and subopercles, increasing in length posteriorly. Gas bladder with numerous lateral appendages interconnected in a complicated pattern in adult. Sagitta semicircular and moderately thin (Ref 51721).
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Migration ( Anglèis )

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 22; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 5 - 7
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Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Found usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters, especially in areas with large river runoffs. Juveniles often enter estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, molluscs and fishes.
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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Found usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters, especially in areas with large river runoffs. Juveniles often enter estuaries. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes.
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Importance ( Anglèis )

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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Corball barbat ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El corball barbat (Pogonias cromis) és un peix de la família dels esciènids.

Taxonomia

Pogonias cromis és l'única espècie del gènere Pogonias.[1]

El peix adult duu unes barbetes sota la mandíbula inferior, característica que ha donat nom al gènere (grec antic Pogonisa = "barba").

Particularitats

És un peix d'aigua salada, molt apreciat a la cuina de la costa est dels Estats Units. Es troba a l'Atlàntic, des de les aigües fredes de les costes de la Badia de Fundy a Nova Escòcia passant per les aigües tropicals del Carib i fins al litoral de l'Argentina.[2]

Els individus joves tenen de 6 a 8 estries en blanc i negre. A mesura que avança l'edat perden els colors i es tornen d'una coloració gris fosc força uniforme. Poden arribar a viure uns 40 anys, arribant a una llargada de 170 cm i un pes de fins a 50 kg.

Aquest corball és famós per la seva facultat de poder emetre sons roncants similars a un tamborineig, lo que li ha valgut el nom de "drumfish" (peix tambor), i que produeix fent vibrar els muscles abdominals contra la bufeta natatòria. Alexander von Humboldt va sentir el soroll d'aquests peixos a les boques del riu Magdalena el 20 de febrer del 1803, sense tindre coneixement del que es tractava.[3]

Referències

  1. ITIS
  2. H.B. Bigelow & W.C. Schroeder, The Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, 1953 (revisat el 2002). (anglès)
  3. Alexander von Humboldt, Reise in die Aequinoctial-Gegenden des neuen Continents. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart 1859

Enllaços externs

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Corball barbat: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El corball barbat (Pogonias cromis) és un peix de la família dels esciènids.

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Schwarzer Trommler ( Alman )

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Der Schwarze Trommler oder Bart-Umber (Pogonias cromis) ist eine Fischart aus der (monotypischen) Gattung Pogonias in der Familie der Umberfische (Sciaenidae).

Merkmale

Das Besondere seiner Art sind zahlreiche, recht starre Barteln an der Unterkante des Unterkiefers (pogonias, griech.: „der Bärtige“), Barteln sind bei Perciformes insgesamt selten. Der Artname cromis muss keine Falschschreibung von chromis (χρόμις) sein, womit in der Antike ein jetzt nicht mehr eindeutig erkennbarer (wahrscheinlich Umber-)Fisch zu verstehen ist, sondern kann auf einen Vernakularnamen basieren; er hatte und hat nichts mit χρῶμα (Farbe) zu tun (mit Chromis bezeichnet man im 19. Jh. sehr verschiedene Fische, z. B. Cichliden, jetzt aber eine Gattung der Pomacentridae).

Berühmt aber ist der Bart-Umber durch seine melodiösen Trommelchöre, die schon Alexander von Humboldt (zunächst ohne Ahnung, worum es sich handle) am 20. Februar 1803 in der Mündung des Magdalenenstromes erlebt und beschrieben hat (wobei freilich auch andere Arten beteiligt gewesen sein mögen). Die Töne dienen, erzeugt durch seine Schwimmblase mit sehr komplex strukturierten Anhängen[1] und wahrgenommen durch große Otolithen als Hörsinn, dem Zusammenfinden der Geschlechter zur Laichzeit im Frühjahr. Eier und Larven entwickeln sich dann im freien Wasser.

Der Trommler kann 1,7 m lang, über 50 kg schwer und über 40 Jahre alt werden. Seine Färbung ist im Wesentlichen ein dunkles (Preußisch-)Blau oder Grau; Jungfische sind silbrig mit 6–8 dunklen Querbinden. Für einen Sciaeniden hat Pogonias große Schuppen, nämlich ca. 50 an der Seitenlinie.

Flossenstrahlformel: D1 XI, D2 I/19–22 oder D XII/19–22, A II/5–7.

Vorkommen und Lebensweise

Der Schwarze Trommler bewohnt die westatlantischen Küsten von Nova Scotia über die Karibik bis Mittelargentinien. Im tropischen Gebiet ist er stellenweise seltener. Er bewohnt sandige Buchten, besonders gerne nahe Flussmündungen, in die er auch eindringt sowie Seegras Flächen[2]. Meist lebt er gesellig, manchmal bildet er große Schwärme, die ins freie Wasser vorstoßen können.

Die Nahrung besteht aus Würmern und Mollusken (er hat ein pharyngeales Quetsch-Gebiss), später auch aus Algen, Garnelen und Krabben, und dazu kommen dann noch kleinere Fische. Er schwimmt langsam am Grunde hin und spürt (und „schmeckt“) mit seinem „Bart“ nach im Sande verborgenen Lebewesen. Wenn er welche merkt, stellt er sich steil auf (ähnlich einem Karpfen) und gräbt bzw. bläst das Tier frei, wobei ein kleiner Trichter entsteht, der Fischern auch seine Anwesenheit verrät.

Nutzung und Gefährdung

Der Schwarze Trommler ist wirtschaftlich von Bedeutung, z. B. im Golf von Mexiko. Als „Sportfisch“ kommt er hingegen kaum in Frage.[3] Auf Grund der Überfischung wegen seiner Größe und der Ansammlungen zum Laichen, durch Habitatverlust und Habitatdegradation sowie Umweltverschmutzung und dem Beifang von Jungfischen ist der Schwarze Trommler bedroht, die Bestände nehmen ab. In seinem südlichen Verbreitungsgebiet (Brasilien, Uruguay, Argentinien) wird er bereits als gefährdet oder stark gefährdet angesehen, auf Grund des großen Verbreitungsgebietes und der stellenweise großen Bestände wird er jedoch von der IUCN als nicht gefährdet (LC, Least Concern) eingestuft.[2]

Einzelnachweise

  1. Fishbase
  2. a b IUCN
  3. H. B. Bigelow, W. C. Schroeder: The Fishes of the Gulf of Maine, 1953 (revision 2002).
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Schwarzer Trommler: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Schwarze Trommler oder Bart-Umber (Pogonias cromis) ist eine Fischart aus der (monotypischen) Gattung Pogonias in der Familie der Umberfische (Sciaenidae).

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Деңиз доолбарсчысы ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

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 src=
Деңиз доолбарсчысы.

Деңиз доолбарсчысы (лат. Pogonias cromis) — балыктардын бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

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Black drum ( Anglèis )

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The black drum (Pogonias cromis), also known as the drum or drummer, is a saltwater fish similar to its cousin, the red drum. It is in the genus Pogonias. Though most specimens are generally found in the 5-30 lb (2–14 kg) range, the black drum is well known as the largest of all the drum family with some specimens reaching excesses of 90 lb (40 kg). The world record black drum was just over 113 lb (51 kg). They are often black and/or gray in color with juvenile fish having distinctive dark stripes over a gray body. Their teeth are rounded and they have powerful jaws capable of crushing oysters and other shellfish. It is recommended those over 15 lb (7 kg) should be released. Black drum are capable of producing tones between 100 Hz and 500 Hz when performing mating calls.

Habits, distribution, and characteristics

The black drum is usually found in or near brackish waters. Larger, older fish are more commonly found in the saltier areas of an estuary (closer to the ocean) near oyster beds or other plentiful food sources. Juvenile fish have four to five bold vertical black bars on a light background and can be mistaken for sheepshead at first glance, but are distinguished on closer inspection because sheepshead have teeth and black drum have chin barbels. These stripes usually fade to dull gray as the fish grow from 12 to 24 inches (30 to 61 cm) in length. Juvenile fish are more commonly found in less salty areas and relate more strongly to structure and cover. In the western Atlantic, black drum are found from Nova Scotia to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, the Antilles (uncommon), and the southern Caribbean coast; also from the Orinoco delta to Argentina.[2] They are common between the Delaware Bay and Florida coasts, and most abundant along the Texas coast. After reaching maturity by the end of their second year, black drum spawn in and around estuarine waters. In Texas, most spawning takes place in February and March.[3]

Feeding

Black drum larvae eat mostly zooplankton, and young black drum (less than 20 cm long) eat worms and small fish. Black drum are mostly bottom feeders, with adults eating mostly mollusks and crabs. In shallow water, they have been reported to feed with their heads down so that their tails show above the water surface. Their sensitive chin barbels help locate food, and strong pharyngeal teeth crush the shells of these preferred foods. It has been reported that, in captivity, large drum were able to eat more than two commercial-sized oysters per kilogram of body weight each day.[4] This translates into the potential for a 20 kg drum (about 45 lb) to eat 40 oysters a day. Fishing advice for black drum along the east and southeast coasts of the United States often includes the suggestion to locate an oyster bed. However, this preference has also caused black drum to be a nuisance for those who raise oysters commercially.[5] A group of black drum can do great damage to an oyster bed in a single day.

Growth

Weight vs. length for black drum based on data from the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. (Fall female curve is obscured by the spring female curve. Data are from Jenkins, 2004)
Length vs. age for black drum from two Gulf Coast locations.

Annual growth rate for ages 1–3 is 100–150 mm/year and then slows to 10–50 mm/year for ages 10–20.[7] Studies have reported black drum weighing more than 60 kg on the Atlantic coast and they are believed to live up to 60 years. Other studies suggest that black drum in the Gulf of Mexico do not grow as large or live as long; in a sample of 1357 black drum from coastal Louisiana, the largest individual was 22.6 kg and the oldest was 44 years.[8]

The length vs. age graph shows how the typical length of black drum increases with age.[9][10] The weight vs. length graph shows how the typical weight of black drum increases with length; small differences during different seasons have been measured as shown.[11] This kind of information can be used to estimate weight based on length. More scientifically, it can be used to determine whether a given sample of black drum is above or below expected weight, which may be related to a number of environmental conditions.

Fishing

Fish on left and right are black drum caught in the jetties of Calcasieu Pass, Cameron Parish, Louisiana. A red drum is in the middle. The drum were caught using shrimp for bait on 80 lb braided line and steel leaders.
Black drum caught in Lake Pontchartrain

Black drum are bottom feeders, so they are most commonly caught with bait either on the bottom or suspended within a couple feet of the bottom. Bottom fishing methods are used both in surf fishing and inshore fishing.[12] Shrimp is a typical bait that works well; squid can also be used and is less subject to bait stealing by hardhead catfish and Atlantic croakers which often frequent the same waters. There are times when the older, larger fish are more readily caught on a half or a quarter of a blue crab with the top shell removed and cut or broken to fit on a 4/0 to 9/0 hook. This type of fishing is often combined with chumming, a baiting practice that involves scattering bits of fish parts and blood into the water as an attractant.[13] Sometimes black drum are caught on spoons and jigs.

Black drum are reported to mouth a natural bait, so anglers need to wait a few seconds before setting the hook.[14] Once a big adult drum grabs the bait, it takes off with gusto, and can put up quite a fight. An unsecured rod can easily be pulled into the water. Landing these big fish on light tackle can be challenging, and since drum are primarily scent-based feeders, there is little disadvantage in using heavier line and tackle. A 40-lb braided line with a comparable weight fluorocarbon leader is a good compromise between castability and strength. However, big drum are frequently caught with everything from 8-lb monofilament to 100-lb braided lines with heavy steel leaders.

An effective strategy for fishing from a boat is to select a spot with a sandy bottom or oyster bed where food is plentiful at a time of day with some tidal movement. Pier or bank fishing should target jetties, structure, or a boat channel near a rapid increase in depth and some tidal movement. With stout tackle, black drum above 10 pounds (4.5 kg) are relatively easy for children to catch because they are not particularly skittish and do not easily come off once they are hooked. Because bigger drum can make a long, strong run right after taking the bait, preventing broken line often requires a relatively light drag setting early in the fight.

One researcher reported good success with trotline fishing techniques, which he used to catch a large sample of black drum for tagging and scientific study.[15]

Some states, such as Texas (as of summer 2017), allow spearfishing for black drum which often frequent jetties and other near shore structures.

As food

Black drum are edible, with a moderate flavor and are not oily. Some restaurants in the southern US serve smaller black drum. Big drum can be challenging to clean; removing the large scales is a challenge. Many fishermen prefer to fillet with an electric knife, first removing the fillet from along the backbone, and then using the electric knife to cut the fillet from the skin and scales. Fish over 15 pounds (6.8 kg) can become tough and have a consistency comparable with chicken, rather than the flakey texture of many species of fish. Younger fish are often indistinguishable in flavor from red drum.[16]

Notes

  1. ^ Chao, L.; Vieira, J.P.; Brick Peres, M.; Haimovici, M. (2020). "Pogonias cromis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162912433A82667283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T162912433A82667283.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Pogonias cromis, Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2009.FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (07/2009). http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=425
  3. ^ Black Drum. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico). US Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service and US Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Ecology Group, Biological Report 82(11.51), 1986
  4. ^ Black Drum. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico). US Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service and US Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Ecology Group, Biological Report 82(11.51), 1986
  5. ^ George, Gerald. Acoustic Tagging of Black Drum on Louisiana Oyster Reefs: Movements, Site Fidelity, and Habitat Use. 2007. Master's Thesis, Louisiana State University, p. 6
  6. ^ Black Drum. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Gulf of Mexico); Biological Report 82 (11.51); US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; and US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Ecology Group Waterways Experiment
  7. ^ George, Gerald. Acoustic Tagging of Black Drum on Louisiana Oyster Reefs: Movements, Site Fidelity, and Habitat Use. 2007. Master's Thesis, Louisiana State University
  8. ^ George, Gerald. Acoustic Tagging of Black Drum on Louisiana Oyster Reefs: Movements, Site Fidelity, and Habitat Use. 2007. Master's Thesis, Louisiana State University, p. 9
  9. ^ Massey, Julie Kay, Age and Growth of Black Drum (Pogonias cromis Linnaeus) from Galveston Bay, Master's Thesis, Texas A&M University, 1984, p. iii
  10. ^ Murphy, MD and Taylor RG, Reproduction and growth of black drum, Pogonias cromis, in Northeast Florida. Northeast Gulf Science, 10(2):127-137
  11. ^ Jenkins, J. Fish Bioindicators of Ecosystem Condition at the Calcasieu Estuary, Louisiana. USGS National Wetlands Research Center, Lafayette, LA, Open-File Report 2004-1323
  12. ^ Ken Schultz's Essentials of Fishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010, p. 70-71
  13. ^ Ken Schultz's Essentials of Fishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010, p. 70-71
  14. ^ Ken Schultz's Essentials of Fishing, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010, p. 70-71
  15. ^ George, Gerald. Acoustic Tagging of Black Drum on Louisiana Oyster Reefs: Movements, Site Fidelity, and Habitat Use. 2007. Master's Thesis, Louisiana State University
  16. ^ A Comparison of Black Drum, Red Drum, and their Hybrid in Saltwater Pond Culture Anne Henderson-Arzapalo, Robert L. Colura, Anthony F. Maciorowski, Journal of the World Aquaculture Society Volume 25 Issue 2, Pages 289 - 296

References

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Black drum: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The black drum (Pogonias cromis), also known as the drum or drummer, is a saltwater fish similar to its cousin, the red drum. It is in the genus Pogonias. Though most specimens are generally found in the 5-30 lb (2–14 kg) range, the black drum is well known as the largest of all the drum family with some specimens reaching excesses of 90 lb (40 kg). The world record black drum was just over 113 lb (51 kg). They are often black and/or gray in color with juvenile fish having distinctive dark stripes over a gray body. Their teeth are rounded and they have powerful jaws capable of crushing oysters and other shellfish. It is recommended those over 15 lb (7 kg) should be released. Black drum are capable of producing tones between 100 Hz and 500 Hz when performing mating calls.

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Pogonias cromis ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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La corvina negra (Pogonias cromis) es una especie de pez de agua salada, similar a su pariente, la corvina roja (Sciaenops ocellatus). Es una de las 2 especies del género Pogonias.

Aunque muchos especímenes se encuentran en el rango de 2-14 kg, la corvina negra es bien conocida por ser la más grande de la familia de las corvinas, con algunos ejemplares superando los 50 kg y una longitud de 170 cm.[1]​ Son frecuentemente negros y/o grisáceos, con las formas juveniles con rayas negras sobre el cuerpo gris. Lleva barba.

Su dentadura es redondeada y tienen fuertes mandíbulas capaces de triturar ostras y otras conchas.

Su distribución comprende el noroeste Océano Atlántico: Nueva Escocia a Florida, Golfo de México, Caribe. En Sudamérica la reemplaza una especie afín: Pogonias courbina.[2]

Referencias

  1. Pogonias cromis en Smithsonian Marine Station (SMS) at Fort Pierce (inglés, consultada en 9 de febrero de 2010)
  2. Azpelicueta M. de las M., Delpiani S. M., Cione A. L., Oliveira C., Marceniuk A. P., and Díaz de Astarloa J. M. (2019). Morphology and molecular evidence support the validity of Pogonias courbina (Lacepède, 1803) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), with a redescription and neotype designation. PLoS ONE 14(6): e0216280.

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Pogonias cromis: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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La corvina negra (Pogonias cromis) es una especie de pez de agua salada, similar a su pariente, la corvina roja (Sciaenops ocellatus). Es una de las 2 especies del género Pogonias.

Aunque muchos especímenes se encuentran en el rango de 2-14 kg, la corvina negra es bien conocida por ser la más grande de la familia de las corvinas, con algunos ejemplares superando los 50 kg y una longitud de 170 cm.​ Son frecuentemente negros y/o grisáceos, con las formas juveniles con rayas negras sobre el cuerpo gris. Lleva barba.

Su dentadura es redondeada y tienen fuertes mandíbulas capaces de triturar ostras y otras conchas.

Su distribución comprende el noroeste Océano Atlántico: Nueva Escocia a Florida, Golfo de México, Caribe. En Sudamérica la reemplaza una especie afín: Pogonias courbina.​

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Pogonias cromis ( Basch )

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Pogonias cromis Pogonias generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sciaenidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Pogonias cromis FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

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Pogonias cromis: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Pogonias cromis Pogonias generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sciaenidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Trommelvis ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Vissen

De trommelvis (Pogonias cromis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van ombervissen (Sciaenidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). In Amerika, waar hij algemeen voorkomt langs de Atlantische kust, noemt men hem kanaalbaars en traliebaars. De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 170 cm bij een gewicht van 77 pond. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 43 jaar.

Leefomgeving

De trommelvis komt in zeewater en brak water voor. De vis prefereert een subtropisch klimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Atlantische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 10 m onder het wateroppervlak.

Relatie tot de mens

De trommelvis is voor de visserij van aanzienlijk commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd. De soort kan worden bezichtigd in sommige openbare aquaria.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Trommelvis: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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De trommelvis (Pogonias cromis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van ombervissen (Sciaenidae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). In Amerika, waar hij algemeen voorkomt langs de Atlantische kust, noemt men hem kanaalbaars en traliebaars. De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 170 cm bij een gewicht van 77 pond. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 43 jaar.

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Pogonias cromis ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Pogonias cromis, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como miraguaia ou corvina-preta, é uma espécie de peixe teleósteo, perciforme, da família dos cienídeos.[1] Chega a medir até 1,50 metro de comprimento, chegando a pesar até 51kg. Sua coloração varia entre cinza, marrom e negro, com quatro ou cinco faixas verticais escuras. É a única espécie do gênero Pogonias (monotípico).

Outras denominações populares da espécie incluem: burriquete, graúna, miragaia, perombeba, piraúna, vaca e quindunde.

Referências

  1. a b Chao, L., Vieira, J.P., Brick Peres, M. & Haimovici, M. (2020). Pogonias cromis (em inglês). IUCN 2020. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2020 Versão e.T162912433A82667283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T162912433A82667283.en Página visitada em 28 de outubro de 2021.
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Pogonias cromis: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Pogonias cromis, popularmente conhecida no Brasil como miraguaia ou corvina-preta, é uma espécie de peixe teleósteo, perciforme, da família dos cienídeos. Chega a medir até 1,50 metro de comprimento, chegando a pesar até 51kg. Sua coloração varia entre cinza, marrom e negro, com quatro ou cinco faixas verticais escuras. É a única espécie do gênero Pogonias (monotípico).

Outras denominações populares da espécie incluem: burriquete, graúna, miragaia, perombeba, piraúna, vaca e quindunde.

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Svart trumfisk ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Svart trumfisk[2] (Pogonias cromis) är en salt- och brackvattensfisk i familjen havsgösfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

Utseende

En avlång fisk, något sammantryckt från sidorna, med krökt rygg, kort nos med liten mun och 12 till 13 korta skäggtömmar under hakan. Den har endast tänder i matstrupen, som används för att krossa den ofta hårdskaliga födan. Ryggfenan är delad i två delar av en djup inskärning; den främre har 11 taggstrålar, och den bakre 19 till 23 mjukstrålar. Analfenan har 2 taggstrålar och 5 till 7 mjukstrålar, medan stjärtfenan är tvärt avhuggen eller ingröpt.[3] Vanligtvis är fisken silverfärgad till svart, ofta med ett brunaktigt, metalliskt skimmer, men färgen kan vara mycket variabel. Fenorna är mörka till helt svarta. Yngre fiskar har vanligen 4 till 6 svarta tvärstrimmor längs sidorna.[3] Äldre fiskar får ofta vitaktiga undersidor. Fiskar som lever i grumliga eller mörka vatten är vanligen mörkare än andra.[4] Som mest kan arten bli 170 cm lång och väga 51,3 kg.[5]

Vanor

Den svarta trumfisken lever som vuxen nära sand- och dybottnar i grunda kustvatten och flodmynningar, gärna i närheten av mussel- och ostronbankar. Ynglen lever bland sjögräs i flodmynningar, för att när de blir litet äldre söka sig till mer näringsrika vatten i närheten. Ungfiskarna föredrar dybottnar utan växtlighet i inte för salta vatten, fortfarande gärna i flodmynningar. Även om äldre individer förekommer i vatten med högre salthalt, förefaller de att ogilla alltför höga koncentrationer. Arten föredrar temperaturer mellan 12 och 33 °C. Plötsliga temperaturfall under vintern leder ofta till att fiskarna vandrar till djupare vatten, men kan också orsaka massdöd.[3]

Som många andra medlemmar av familjen kan arten ge ifrån sig ett trummande ljud med hjälp av muskler i simblåsan.[4]

Den kan bli upp till 43 år gammal i Floridas vatten, och upp mot 58 år vid Atlantkusten.[3]

Föda

Larverna lever av djurplankton, ungfiskarna tar mjuka kräftdjur, ringmaskar och småfisk, medan de vuxna fiskarna tar hårdskaliga djur som krabbor, som de krossar med sina svalgtänder, räkor och småfisk.[4]

Fortplantning

Den svarta trumfisken blir könsmogen vid en ålder mellan 2 och 6 år, motsvarande en längd mellan 45 och 70 cm, lägre för hanen än honan. Lektiden varierar beroende på geografiskt läge; i Mexikanska golfen och kring Florida leker den från november till april, i de senare vattnen med en topp under februari till mars, medan den utanför Texas leker från februari till juli, med en topp under de två första månaderna.[3] Själva leken kan äga rum i många olika biotoper, havsvikar, öppet hav, flodmynningar och även längre upp i floder. Hanarna ger sig till känna genom djupa, trummande läten. Honorna svarar endast de nätter som deras äggstockar är fulla med ägg. Under parningen jagar hanen honan och knuffar till henne på sidorna, varvid hon lägger ägg som hanen befruktar. De kläcks inom ett dygn.[4]

Utbredning

Utbredningsområdet omfattar den amerikanska östkusten från Nova Scotia i Kanada till Florida i USA, Mexikanska golfen, Antillerna (mindre vanlig) och kusterna i södra Västindien; vidare från Orinocoflodens delta i Venezuela till Argentina.[5]

Ekonomisk användning

Arten anses vara en mycket god matfisk, som främst är föremål för sportfiske. Endast fiskar under en längd av 50 cm används, på grund av att äldre individer ofta angrips av inälvsmaskar.[6] Ett smärre kommersiellt fiske bedrivs även, främst kring Mexikanska golfen.[4] Den förekommer även i allmänna akvarier.[5]

Referenser

  1. ^ Pogonias cromis Linnaeus, 1766” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=169288. Läst 17 maj 2012.
  2. ^ ”Europaparlamentets och rådets förordning (EG) nr 217/2009 av den 11 mars 2009 om avlämnande av statistikuppgifter om fångster och fiskeriaktiviteter från medlemsstater som bedriver fiske i Nordatlantens västra del (omarbetning)”. EU:s översättningstjänst. 11 mars 2009. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?mode=dbl&lang=sv&ihmlang=sv&lng1=sv,sv&lng2=bg,cs,da,de,el,en,es,et,fi,fr,ga,hu,it,lt,lv,mt,nl,pl,pt,ro,sk,sl,sv,&val=492483:cs&page=. Läst 17 maj 2012.
  3. ^ [a b c d e] K Hill (12 oktober 2005). Pogonias cromis Black drum” (på engelska). Smithsonian Marine Station. http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/Pogoni_cromis.htm. Läst 17 maj 2012.
  4. ^ [a b c d e] Cris Peterson (2001). Pogonias cromis Banded drum” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan). http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pogonias_cromis.html. Läst 17 maj 2012.
  5. ^ [a b c] Luna, Susan M. (15 november 2011). Pogonias cromis Linnaeus, 1766 Black drum” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Pogonias-cromis.html. Läst 17 maj 2012.
  6. ^ ”Black Drum (Pogonias cromis)” (på engelska). Texas Park and Wildlife Department. http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/blackdrum/. Läst 17 maj 2012.
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Svart trumfisk: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Svart trumfisk (Pogonias cromis) är en salt- och brackvattensfisk i familjen havsgösfiskar som finns i västra Atlanten.

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Бородатый тёмный горбыль ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Отряд: Acanthuriformes
Подотряд: Scianoidei
Семейство: Горбылёвые
Род: Бородатые тёмные горбыли (Pogonias Lacepède, 1801)
Вид: Бородатый тёмный горбыль
Международное научное название

Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, 1766)

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ITIS 169288NCBI 329431EOL 207370FW 83282

Бородатый тёмный горбыль[1], или барабанщик[1] (лат. Pogonias cromis) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства горбылёвых (Sciaenidae). Единственный вид рода Pogonias.

Крупная морская рыба с длиной тела до 1,7 м, массой до 50 кг. Тело довольно длинное, сжатое с боков и покрытое ктеноидной чешуей (т. е. чешуей крупной формы, с зубчиками), морда выпуклая. На нижней челюсти много мелких усиков. Два отдельных спинных плавника. Плавательный пузырь большой, с очень толстыми стенками и с многочисленными отростками, разветвляющимися между мускулами. Внутри него находится большой железистый орган.

Окраска тела буровато-зелёного цвета с чёрным пятном в пазухе грудных плавников. Эта рыба может издавать звуки, похожие на бой барабана. Происхождение их ещё недостаточно выяснено. Полагают, что они происходят вследствие трения друг о друга больших и плоских зубов, покрывающих глоточные кости, причем плавательный пузырь является резонатором.

Продолжительность жизни составляет свыше 40 лет.

Вид обитает в Атлантическом океане, у берегов Северной и Центральной Америки.

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 288. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
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Бородатый тёмный горбыль: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию

Бородатый тёмный горбыль, или барабанщик (лат. Pogonias cromis) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства горбылёвых (Sciaenidae). Единственный вид рода Pogonias.

Крупная морская рыба с длиной тела до 1,7 м, массой до 50 кг. Тело довольно длинное, сжатое с боков и покрытое ктеноидной чешуей (т. е. чешуей крупной формы, с зубчиками), морда выпуклая. На нижней челюсти много мелких усиков. Два отдельных спинных плавника. Плавательный пузырь большой, с очень толстыми стенками и с многочисленными отростками, разветвляющимися между мускулами. Внутри него находится большой железистый орган.

Окраска тела буровато-зелёного цвета с чёрным пятном в пазухе грудных плавников. Эта рыба может издавать звуки, похожие на бой барабана. Происхождение их ещё недостаточно выяснено. Полагают, что они происходят вследствие трения друг о друга больших и плоских зубов, покрывающих глоточные кости, причем плавательный пузырь является резонатором.

Продолжительность жизни составляет свыше 40 лет.

Вид обитает в Атлантическом океане, у берегов Северной и Центральной Америки.

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多鬚石首魚 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Pogonias cromis
Linnaeus, 1766

多鬚石首魚輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目石首魚科的其中一,分布西大西洋區,從加拿大新斯科細亞加勒比海阿根廷海域,體長可達170公分,棲息在沿海沙泥底質海域、河口區,屬肉食性,以甲殼類魚類軟體動物為食,可做為食用魚及觀賞魚。

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多鬚石首魚: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

多鬚石首魚為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目石首魚科的其中一,分布西大西洋區,從加拿大新斯科細亞加勒比海阿根廷海域,體長可達170公分,棲息在沿海沙泥底質海域、河口區,屬肉食性,以甲殼類魚類軟體動物為食,可做為食用魚及觀賞魚。

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Diet ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Feeds mainly on crustaceans, molluscs and fishes

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia to northern Mexico, including southern Florida; then from southern Brazil to Argentina. Rare in Antilles and southward

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Found usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters, especially in areas with large river runoffs.

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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benthic

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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