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Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay 1877

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Pelagic species which occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 75154).
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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Adults are common in prawn trawling grounds and are most abundant closer to the coast. They feed predominantly on benthic prey consisting mainly of crustaceans and teleosts (Ref. 6908). They exhibit diel vertical migration, possibly following the movement of crustaceans along the water column. Continuous spawning during the year (Ref. 6904). Juveniles are often encountered in estuaries. Caught mainly on hook-and-line and by spearing; also with gill nets and other artisanal gear. This species is an excellent sports fish (Ref. 9894).
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Importance ( Anglèis )

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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
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分布 ( Anglèis )

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分布於台灣南部、南中國海、新幾內亞、印尼及澳洲等海域。
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利用 ( Anglèis )

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一般漁法以蝦拖網、底拖網、流刺網等捕獲。清蒸或煎食皆宜,或加工鹽漬處理。
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描述 ( Anglèis )

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體呈橢圓形,側扁而高,隨著成長,身體逐漸向後延長。背部輪廓略陡直。吻鈍。下頜略突出上頜。脂性眼瞼發達,覆蓋住眼後1/3處。上頜末端延伸至瞳孔後緣下方。體被圓鱗,由胸鰭基部向下延伸至臀鰭基尾後方之胸部則裸露無鱗。側線前部強度彎曲,直走部始於第一背鰭第5-6硬棘之下方,直走部全為稜鱗。第二背鰭與臀鰭同形,前方鰭條呈彎月形,不延長為絲狀;胸鰭長,鐮刀狀;無離鰭。體背橄欖綠,腹部銀白色。通常有許多暗藍色之斑點散佈於兩側。各鰭淡色;背鰭及尾鰭則另具有黑色緣。
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棲地 ( Anglèis )

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主要為砂泥底質水域底棲性之魚種,有隨捕食獵物而做垂直迴游的分布。有全年持續產卵之習性。肉食性,主要以甲殼類及小魚為食,尤其是對蝦類。
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Caranx bucculentus ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Caranx bucculentus és un peix teleosti de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[1]

Morfologia

Pot arribar als 66 cm de llargària total.[2]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a les costes del sud-oest del Pacífic: des de la Mar d'Arafura i la Mar de Timor fins a la costa est d'Austràlia.[2]

Referències

  1. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  2. 2,0 2,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

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Caranx bucculentus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Caranx bucculentus és un peix teleosti de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Bluespotted trevally ( Anglèis )

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The bluespotted trevally (Caranx bucculentus), also known as the wide-mouthed trevally, is a species of moderately large marine fish in the jack family Carangidae. The bluespotted trevally is distributed through the tropical east Indian and west Pacific Oceans, ranging from Taiwan in the north to Australia in the south. It is an inshore species, found in sandy, muddy and seagrass environments, often in large bays. The bluespotted trevally is distinguished by dark blue spots on its upper body, as well as a number of more detailed anatomical features. It is a benthopelagic predator, taking a variety of crustaceans including crabs and prawns as a juvenile, before shifting to a more fish-dominated diet as an adult. It is one of the most common predators in the Gulf of Carpentaria of northern Australia, and is considered the most important predator of commercially important prawn species. Sexual maturity is reached at 110 mm in length and one year of age, with spawning occurring year round with a peak in spring. Growth is estimated to be 82.2 mm per year for both sexes, reaching a maximum known length of 66 cm. Bluespotted trevally are commonly taken as bycatch in prawn fisheries, however are of little commercial value and often discarded. They are occasionally taken by anglers on lures and baits, but are considered mediocre table fare.

Taxonomy and naming

The bluespotted trevally is classified within the genus Caranx, one of a number of groups known as the jacks or trevallies. Caranx itself is part of the larger jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, part of the order Carangiformes.[2] The species was first scientifically described by the Australian zoologists Haynes Gibbes Alleyne and Sir William John Macleay based on a specimen collected off Cape Grenville, Queensland, which was later designated to be the holotype.[3] They named the species Caranx bucculentus, with the specific epithet meaning 'with full cheeks' in Latin, referring to the species' wide mouth gape. In the original volume of Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales in which the species was described, the specific name is spelled as bucculantus in the legend, but is considered to be a typographical error and ignored.[4] The species placement in Caranx has never been challenged and no attempts have been made to independently rename the species, making it one of the few members of Caranx to have no synonyms.[5] The commonly used name of 'bluespotted trevally' is in reference to the fishes' body markings, with 'wide-mouthed trevally' also infrequently used.[6]

Description

The short, sharply curved front section of the lateral line and blue spots distinguish the species

The bluespotted trevally is a moderately large fish, growing to a known maximum length of 66 cm.[7] It has a body shape characteristic of many of the larger species of Caranx, possessing a strongly compressed, oblong form with the dorsal profile, particularly anteriorly, much more convex than the ventral profile.[8] The dorsal fin is in two distinct sections, the first consisting of eight spines while the second has one spine and 18 or 19 soft rays. The anal fin consists of two detached spines anteriorly followed by one spine and 15 to 17 soft rays,[8] while the pelvic fin has 1 spine followed by 18 soft rays.[9] The species lateral line is very strongly curved over a short length, becoming straight before the origin of the second dorsal fin, with this straight section over 2.5 times the length of the curved section. The curved section contain 40 to 50 scales while the straight section contains no scales, but 33 to 39 strong scutes.[9] The breast is naked ventrally, with this area extending to behind the origin of the pelvic fins and diagonally to the base of pectoral fins. The eyes have a moderately well-developed posterior adipose eyelid which usually extends to the posterior edge of the pupil. The upper jaw contains an outer row of strong canines and an inner band of villiform teeth, while the lower jaw has only a single band of conical teeth. The species has 26 to 31 gill rakers in total and 24 vertebrae.[8]

The bluespotted trevally is a pale olive green above, fading to a more silvery white below, with adults having numerous small blue spots on the upper half of their bodies. The upper end of the opercle has a large dark spot, with a black spot also present at the upper base of the pectoral fins. All the fins are yellow green.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The bluespotted trevally inhabits the tropical waters of the East Indian-West Pacific Ocean, and is restricted to a smaller range than most of its relatives. The species range extends from the waters of the South China Sea around Taiwan and Borneo south through eastern Indonesia and the Arafura Sea around Papua New Guinea.[5] The species is commonly found off northern Australia, especially the Gulf of Carpentaria, but is occasionally seen as far south as Gladstone, Queensland.[7]

The bluespotted trevally is an inshore fish, generally inhabiting coastal waters throughout its range. The species is known to inhabit shallow bays over sand, mud, and rarely seagrass bottoms, as well as slightly deeper waters in bays.[10] Extensive sampling across the Gulf of Carpentaria indicates the maximum biomass for the species occurs at around 28.1 m depth, indicating the species preferentially inhabits substrate of this depth.[11]

Biology

A bluespotted trevally taken from northern Queensland

Considerable research has been conducted on the bluespotted trevally in comparison to most other Indo-Pacific carangids, with this being partly due to the discovery of its abundance and importance in northern Australian shallow water ecosystems. It is one of the top ten most abundant secondary consumers in the system and the most important predator of commercially important prawn species.[12] Successive sampling periods over a period between 1986 and 1991 found no systematic seasonal variations in the species abundance, although interannual variations in numbers occurred. The species also appears to undergo diel vertical migrations as evidenced by markedly decreased catches in demersal night trawls, possibly in response to prey movement.[11]

Bluespotted trevally are predatory fish, consuming a range of crustaceans and fish. Studies in the Gulf of Carpentaria and in particular, Albatross Bay, indicate the species is most common over known prawn grounds. A shift in diet happens with age, with young fish less than 275 mm in length taking penaeids, brachyurans, other crustaceans, echinoderms, and molluscs, while larger fish take mostly small fish.[13] The smaller trevally tend to forage during the day, taking species of small noncommercial species of prawns, while the larger fish took larger, commercially important species at night. Experimental studies indicate the species has low success foraging in seagrass beds and over soft strata where penaeids burrow during the day, but increased efficiency during the night when the prawns emerge to forage.[14] There appears to be little seasonal variation in diet.[11][13]

Bluespotted trevally reach sexual maturity at around 110 mm in length, usually after their first year of life. This is much earlier than other members of the genus, which attain similar lengths and reach maturity in their second or third years of life.[11] The species spawns year round in the Gulf of Carpentaria with a peak in spring, with between 18,000 and 650,000 eggs released during spawning. The bluespotted trevally grows at a rate of around 82.2 mm per year.[11] Intensive feeding experiments indicate the species can increase its weight by 3.7% and 2.7% of its body weight per day when fed prawns and pilchards, respectively.[15]

Relationship to humans

Despite the large populations of bluespotted trevally, particularly in northern Australia, no major fishery is based around the species. They are taken by trawls and hook-and-line methods throughout their range,[8] but form a considerable proportion of some prawn-trawler bycatches.[16] Despite this, they are generally considered of no worth due to their mediocre reputation as table fish, as well as the possibility of ciguatera poisoning from larger specimens.[17]

Bluespotted trevally are occasionally caught by recreational fishermen on various baits and lures, and are considered to a good sport fish, but tend to be overshadowed by giant trevally and bluefin trevally in reputation.[17]

References

  1. ^ Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Carpenter, K.E.; Motomura, H.; Larson, H.; Matsuura, K. (2018). "Caranx bucculentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T20430510A67871515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T20430510A67871515.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 380–387. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  3. ^ Alleyne, Haynes G.; William J. Macleay (1877). "The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 1 (3–4): 261–281. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.12412. ISSN 0370-047X.
  4. ^ California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology (February 2009). "Caranx bucculentus". Catalog of Fishes. CAS. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
  5. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Caranx bucculentus" in FishBase. February 2009 version.
  6. ^ Hosese, D.F.; Bray, D.J.; Paxton, J.R.; Alen, G.R. (2007). Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 35 (2) Fishes. Sydney: CSIRO. p. 1150. ISBN 978-0-643-09334-8.
  7. ^ a b c Randall, John Ernest; Roger C. Steene; Gerald R. Allen (1997). Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-8248-1895-4.
  8. ^ a b c d Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem, eds. (2001). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9.
  9. ^ a b Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao (1999). "A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records". Zoological Studies. 38 (1): 33–68.
  10. ^ Blaber, Stephen J.M. (1997). Fish and Fisheries of Tropical Estuaries. Singapore: Springer. p. 367. ISBN 0-412-78500-5.
  11. ^ a b c d e Brewer, D.T.; S.J.M. Blaber; D.A. Milton; J.P. Salini (1994). "Aspects of the biology of Caranx bucculentus (Teleostei: Carangidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia". Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 45 (3): 413–427. doi:10.1071/MF9940413.
  12. ^ Blaber, S.J.M.; D. T. Brewer; J. P. Salini; J. Kerr (1990). "Biomasses, catch rates and abundances of demersal fishes, particularly predators of prawns, in a tropical bay in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia". Marine Biology. 107 (3): 397–408. doi:10.1007/BF01313421. S2CID 84524187.
  13. ^ a b Brewer, D.T.; Blaber, S.J.M.; Salini, J.P. (1989). "Feeding biology of Caranx bucculentus Alleyne and Macleay (Teleostei: Carangidae) in Albatross Bay, Gulf of Carpentaria, with special reference to predation on penaeid prawns". Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 40 (6): 657–668. doi:10.1071/MF9890657.
  14. ^ Laprise, R.; S.J.M. Blaber (1991). "Predation by Moses perch, Lutjanus russelli, and blue-spotted trevally, Caranx bucculentus, on juvenile brown tiger prawn, Penaeus esculentus: effects of habitat structure and time of day". Journal of Fish Biology. 40 (4): 627–635. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02610.x.
  15. ^ Smith, R.L.; J.P. Salini; S.J.M. Blaber (1992). "Food intake and growth in the blue-spotted trevally, Caranx bucculentus Alleyne and Macleay 1877, with reference to predation on penaeid prawns". Journal of Fish Biology. 40 (3): 315–324. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02578.x.
  16. ^ Stobutzki, Nona C.; Margaret J. Miller; Peter Jones; John P. Salini (2001). "Bycatch diversity and variation in a tropical Australian penaeid fishery; the implications for monitoring". Fisheries Research. 53 (3): 283–301. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00273-3.
  17. ^ a b Horrobin, P. (1997). Guide to Favourite Australian Fish. Singapore: Universal Magazines. pp. 90–91.

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Bluespotted trevally: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The bluespotted trevally (Caranx bucculentus), also known as the wide-mouthed trevally, is a species of moderately large marine fish in the jack family Carangidae. The bluespotted trevally is distributed through the tropical east Indian and west Pacific Oceans, ranging from Taiwan in the north to Australia in the south. It is an inshore species, found in sandy, muddy and seagrass environments, often in large bays. The bluespotted trevally is distinguished by dark blue spots on its upper body, as well as a number of more detailed anatomical features. It is a benthopelagic predator, taking a variety of crustaceans including crabs and prawns as a juvenile, before shifting to a more fish-dominated diet as an adult. It is one of the most common predators in the Gulf of Carpentaria of northern Australia, and is considered the most important predator of commercially important prawn species. Sexual maturity is reached at 110 mm in length and one year of age, with spawning occurring year round with a peak in spring. Growth is estimated to be 82.2 mm per year for both sexes, reaching a maximum known length of 66 cm. Bluespotted trevally are commonly taken as bycatch in prawn fisheries, however are of little commercial value and often discarded. They are occasionally taken by anglers on lures and baits, but are considered mediocre table fare.

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Caranx bucculentus ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Caranx bucculentus es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 66 cm de longitud total.[1]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en las costas del suroeste del Pacífico: desde el Mar de Arafura y el Mar de Timor hasta la costa este de Australia.

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Caranx bucculentus: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Caranx bucculentus es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Caranx bucculentus ( Basch )

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Caranx bucculentus Caranx generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Caranx bucculentus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Caranx bucculentus: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Caranx bucculentus Caranx generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Caranx bucculentus ( olandèis; flamand )

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Vissen

Caranx bucculentus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van horsmakrelen (Carangidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1877 door Alleyne & Macleay.

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Verspreidingsgebied van Caranx bucculentus
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Caranx bucculentus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
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Caranx bucculentus ( polonèis )

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Caranx bucculentusgatunek średniej wielkości ryby morskiej z rodziny ostrobokowatych (Carangidae). Występuje w strefie międzyzwrotnikowej, we wschodniej części Oceanu Indyjskiego i na zachodzie Pacyfiku. Obszar ten rozciąga się od Tajwanu na północy, po Australię na południu. Jest to gatunek żyjący przy brzegu, często w dużych zatokach. Najczęściej znajdowany w piasku, błocie, pomiędzy trawą morską. Caranx bucculentus wyróżnia się spośród innych gatunków swojego rodzaju ciemnoniebieskimi punktami na górnej części ciała, jak również kilkoma bardziej szczegółowymi cechami anatomicznymi. Jest to bental-pelagialny drapieżnik, żywiący się w okresie dorastania wszelkiego rodzaju skorupiakami, łącznie z krabami i krewetkami. Natomiast w wieku dorosłym w jego diecie przeważają ryby. To jeden z pospolitszych drapieżników w Zatoce Karpentarskiej, znajdującej się na północ od Australii. Uważa się, że to głównie on żywi się bardzo cennymi z ekonomicznego punktu widzenia gatunkami krewetek. Dojrzałość płciową osiąga przy 110 mm wzdłuż, po roku życia. Tarło odbywa cały rok, najczęściej wiosną. Szacuje się, że ryba niezależnie od płci rośnie 82,2 mm na rok, aż do osiągnięcia maksymalnego rozmiaru. Największy, jaki dotychczas zanotowano wynosi 66 cm. Caranx bucculentus są powszechnie poławiane w łowiskach krewetek, jednak mają małą wartość handlową, więc rybacy często się ich pozbywają. Są od czasu do czasu zatrzymywane przez wędkarzy, jednak uważa się je za niezbyt smaczne jedzenie.

Taksonomia i nazewnictwo

Caranx bucculentus sklasyfikowana została w rodzaju Caranx, jednej z grup zaliczanych do rodziny ostrobokowatych, w podrzędzie okoniowców, rzędzie okoniokształtnych[1].

Gatunek po raz pierwszy został opisany przez australijskich zoologów – Haynesa Gibbsa Alleyne i Sir Williama Johna Macleay na podstawie zebranych okazów z Cape Grenville w Queensland, spośród których wybrano holotypy[2]. Badacze nazwali gatunek Caranx bucculentus. Epitet gatunkowy w języku łacińskim znaczy: „z wypchanymi policzkami”, co odnosi się do szerokiego pyska. W pierwotnym wydaniu Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, w którym gatunek został opisany, został zamieszczony epitet gatunkowy bucculantus, jednak przyjęło się, że była to literówka i zostało to zignorowane[3]. Gatunek nie był nigdy przenoszony z rodzaju Caranx. Nie podjęto żadnych prób, by go przemianowywać, co spowodowało, że jest on jednym z niewielu przedstawicieli Caranx, który nie posiada żadnych synonimów[4]. W języku angielskim funkcjonuje nazwa zwyczajowa „bluespotted trevally”, lub rzadziej „wide-mouthed trevally”[5].

Morfologia

Jest to średniej wielkości ryba, dorastająca do 66 cm (to maksymalna długość, jaką zanotowano)[6]. Posiada charakterystyczną cechę, wspólną dla wielu większych gatunków z rodzaju Caranx – silnie bocznie spłaszczoną sylwetkę grzbietową, zwłaszcza z przodu, która jest jednak dużo bardziej wypukła, niż brzuszna[7]. Ma dwie płetwy grzbietowe, pierwsza składa się z ośmiu promieni twardych, podczas gdy druga z jednego promienia twardego i 18, lub 19 promieni miękkich. Płetwa odbytowa zbudowana z dwóch kolców z przodu, za którym położony jest kolejny kolec i od 15 do 17 promieni miękkich[7], podczas gdy płetwa brzuszna złożona jest z jednego kolca i 18 promieni miękkich[8]. Linia naboczna, u tego gatunku, jest bardzo silnie wygięta na krótkim odcinku. Staje się jednak prosta przed początkiem drugiej płetwy grzbietowej. Część prosta jest ponad 2,5 razy dłuższa, niż wygięta. Odcinek zakrzywiony jest widoczny na 40–50 łuskach, podczas gdy odcinek prosty nie obejmuje łusek, ale od 33 do 39 ostrych tarczek kostnych[8].

Przypisy

  1. Caranx bucculentus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.) [dostęp 28 lutego 2009]
  2. Haynes G.H.G. Alleyne Haynes G.H.G., The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition, William J.W.J. Macleay, „Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales”, 3-4, 1, 1877, s. 261-281, ISSN 0370-047X .???
  3. California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology: Caranx bucculentus. W: Catalog of Fishes [on-line]. CAS, luty 2009. [dostęp 2009-02-16].
  4. Caranx bucculentus. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 28 lutego 2009]
  5. D.F. Hosese: Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 35 (2) Fishes. Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Alen, G.R.. Sydney: CSIRO, 2007, s. 1150. ISBN 978-0-643-09334-8.
  6. John Ernest Randall: Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Roger C. Steene, Gerald R. Allen. University of Hawaii Press, 1997, s. 161. ISBN 0-8248-1895-4.
  7. a b Kent E. Carpenter: FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Volker H. Niem (eds.). Rzym: FAO, 2001, s. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9.
  8. a b Pai-LeiP.L. Lin Pai-LeiP.L., A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records, Shao, Kwang-Tsao, „Zoological Studies”, 1, 38, 1999, s. 33–68 [dostęp 2009-03-19] .???

Linki zewnętrzne

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Caranx bucculentus: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

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Caranx bucculentus – gatunek średniej wielkości ryby morskiej z rodziny ostrobokowatych (Carangidae). Występuje w strefie międzyzwrotnikowej, we wschodniej części Oceanu Indyjskiego i na zachodzie Pacyfiku. Obszar ten rozciąga się od Tajwanu na północy, po Australię na południu. Jest to gatunek żyjący przy brzegu, często w dużych zatokach. Najczęściej znajdowany w piasku, błocie, pomiędzy trawą morską. Caranx bucculentus wyróżnia się spośród innych gatunków swojego rodzaju ciemnoniebieskimi punktami na górnej części ciała, jak również kilkoma bardziej szczegółowymi cechami anatomicznymi. Jest to bental-pelagialny drapieżnik, żywiący się w okresie dorastania wszelkiego rodzaju skorupiakami, łącznie z krabami i krewetkami. Natomiast w wieku dorosłym w jego diecie przeważają ryby. To jeden z pospolitszych drapieżników w Zatoce Karpentarskiej, znajdującej się na północ od Australii. Uważa się, że to głównie on żywi się bardzo cennymi z ekonomicznego punktu widzenia gatunkami krewetek. Dojrzałość płciową osiąga przy 110 mm wzdłuż, po roku życia. Tarło odbywa cały rok, najczęściej wiosną. Szacuje się, że ryba niezależnie od płci rośnie 82,2 mm na rok, aż do osiągnięcia maksymalnego rozmiaru. Największy, jaki dotychczas zanotowano wynosi 66 cm. Caranx bucculentus są powszechnie poławiane w łowiskach krewetek, jednak mają małą wartość handlową, więc rybacy często się ich pozbywają. Są od czasu do czasu zatrzymywane przez wędkarzy, jednak uważa się je za niezbyt smaczne jedzenie.

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藍點鰺 ( cinèis )

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二名法 Caranx bucculentus
Alleyne & Macleay,1877 藍點鰺大致分布范围
藍點鰺大致分布范围

蓝点鲹英语:bluespotted trevally学名Caranx bucculentus)又稱大口鰺擬浪人鰺,俗名為甘仔魚、瓜仔,是一种数量较大的海洋类,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鰺科的其中一個。蓝点鲹分布在东印度洋和西太平洋热带海域,北至台湾,南至澳大利亚。蓝点鲹是一种沿岸魚,生活在多泥沙和多海藻的环境,常见于比较大的海湾。蓝点鯵的明显特征是身体上部有深蓝色的斑点,蓝点鲹幼年时捕食底栖性鱼和螃蟹和虾等各种甲壳亚门動物,成年后食物以鱼为主。蓝点鲹是澳大利亚北部卡奔塔利亚湾最常见的食肉鱼类之一,被认为是一些经济虾类最重要的天敌。 蓝点鲹长到110毫米长和1岁的时候达到性成熟,产卵高峰期为春季。雌雄性蓝点鲹生长速度约为每年82.2毫米,已知能长到的最大长度为66厘米。蓝点鲹是捕虾作业的常见副产品,但由于商业价值低而常被抛弃。蓝点鲹是一种普通的食用鱼,偶尔会被钓到。

分类和命名

蓝点鲹归为鲈形目鲈亚目鲹科鲹属英语Caranx[1]

蓝点鲹的生物分类最早是由澳大利亚动物学家海恩斯·吉布斯·阿莱恩 (Haynes Gibbs Alleyne)和威廉·约翰·麦克利英语William John Macleay爵士以澳大利亚昆士兰州格伦维尔岬英语Cape Grenville海域收集到的一枚标本为基础描述的,这枚标本后来被定为正模標本[2]。他们将此物种命名为Caranx bucculentus种加词在拉丁文里的意思是“圆圆的脸颊”,这指的是其大嘴巴。这一命名最早由新南威尔士林奈学会英语Linnean Society of New South Wales的论文集报道,刻印为bucculantus,应该是一种误植,但就此流传了下来[3]。蓝点鲹的分类从未被质疑,也没有别人进行独立命名,因此成为鲹属为数不多的几种没有异名的物种之一[4]。该物种的俗名为蓝点鲹(bluespotted trevally),以其身上的斑点命名,另一不太常用的俗名为大嘴鲹(wide-mouthed trevally)[5]

描述

 src=
蓝点鲹侧线前半部分短而弯曲,身上的蓝点是其特点。

蓝点鲹是一种比较大型的鱼,已知最大长度为66厘米[6]。体形具有鲹属中多种大型鱼类的特点,背部轮廓线呈强压缩的 矩形,尤其前部比腹部轮廓线更凸出[7]背鳍有明显不同的两部分,第一部分含有8根背刺,第二部分含有1根背刺和18到19根软鳍条组成。 臀鳍有两根分离的背刺,随后是1根背刺和15到17根软鳍条[7],而腹鳍含有1跟背刺和18根软鳍条[8]。蓝点鲹的体侧线有一小段极度弯曲,在背鳍前一段变成直线,直线部分是弯曲部分长度的2.5倍,弯曲部分含有40到50片,而直线部分没有鳞,而是有33到39片强壮的 鳞甲[8]。胸部前側没有鳞,这片区域一直延伸到腹鳍根部的后面,斜对 胸鳍根部。蓝点鲹的眼睛有比较充分发育的后脂眼睑英语adipose eyelid,脂眼睑常延伸到瞳孔后边缘。上有两层齿,外层是一排强壮的犬齿,内层为一圈绒毛状齿,而下颚只有一圈锥齿。蓝点鲹共有26到31根鳃耙英语gill raker和24块椎骨.[7]

蓝点鲹上部为浅橄欖綠色,下部颜色逐渐变浅为银白色,成年藍點鰺上半身有许多小蓝点。 鳃盖上端有一个大黑点,胸鳍根部也有一个大黑点。所有的都是黄绿色的。[6]

分布和栖息地

蓝点鲹栖息地为东印度洋——西太平洋热带水域,范围小于其近亲物种。栖息地从台湾婆罗洲周围的南海向南扩展到东印度尼西亚巴布亚新几内亚周围的阿拉弗拉海[4]。蓝点鲹在北澳大利亚海域非常常见,尤其在卡奔塔利亞灣,在南方昆士兰州格拉德斯通偶尔可见 [6]

蓝点鲹是一种近海渔,一般生活在栖息范围的沿岸水域,栖息在浅海灣,这样的水域多少海草,在较深水的海湾也有分布[9]。卡奔塔利亞灣抽样研究显示,蓝点鲹的生物质最多分布的深度28.1米,这个深度是蓝点鲹最喜欢生活的深度[10]

生物学

 src=
在北昆士兰捕获的一只蓝点鲹

与其他印度洋——太平洋鲹科动物相比,蓝点鲹得到显著的研究,部分原因是这种鱼在北澳大利亚浅水生态系统里分布很多并非常重要,是该生态系统十大最常见次级消费者之一,是一些有重要商业价值的虾的最重要的天敌[11]。在1986年到1991年时期的连续抽样研究发现,蓝点鲹数量没有系统性季节变化,尽管有年际变化。蓝点鲹有昼夜垂直迁移英语diel vertical migration的情况,可能是应对天敌运动,证据是水底夜间拖網粵文拖網捕获的蓝点鲹显著减少[10]

蓝点鲹是食肉鱼,捕食各种甲壳亚门动物和鱼类。卡奔塔利亞灣,尤其是阿尔巴特洛斯湾研究表明,蓝点鲹是捕虾区最常见的虾类天敌。蓝点鯵食物会随着年龄的增长而变化,小于275毫米的幼鱼以对虾螃蟹、甲壳亚门动物、棘皮动物软体动物等为食,而较大的蓝点鯵以主要以小鱼为食[12]。小蓝点鯵常在白天觅食,主要吃没有商业价值的虾类,而大蓝点鯵常在晚上觅食,捕食商业价值很高的物种。实验研究表明,蓝点鯵在海草床觅食成功率比在软地层要低,因为对虾白天藏身于软地层的洞里,但是晚上虾类出来觅食,这会提高蓝点鯵的觅食成功率[13]。 蓝点鯵食物几乎没有季节变化[10][12]

蓝点鯵在长到约110毫米长时达到性成熟,大约1岁之后,这要远远早于鲹属其他物种,其他物种一般要到2或3岁达到性成熟,但体长比蓝点鯵小[10]。卡奔塔利亚湾海域的蓝点鯵产卵高峰期为春季,产卵数在18,000到650,000之间。蓝点鯵每年长约82.2毫米。[10] 大规模食饵实验表明,蓝点鯵被喂食对虾和沙丁鱼时,体重增长分别为每年3.7%和2.7%[14]

与人类关系

蓝点鯵尽管数量巨大,尤其在北澳大利亚地区,但在渔业里没有地位,会被拖网捕到或被垂钓钓到[7],但是捕虾网里会捕获到大量蓝点鯵[15]。蓝点鯵一般被视为价值不高的食用鱼,并且可能含有雪卡毒素[16]

蓝点鯵是一种较好的游钓鱼,但是逊色于珍鲹蓝鳍鲹.[16]

参考资料

  1. ^ Caranx bucculentus. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. [16 February 2008] (英语).
  2. ^ Alleyne, Haynes G.; William J. Macleay. The Ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 1877, 1 (3-4): 261–281. ISSN 0370-047X.
  3. ^ California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology. Caranx bucculentus. Catalog of Fishes. CAS. February 2009 [2009-02-16].[永久失效連結]
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). Caranx bucculentus in FishBase. 2009年February月版本
  5. ^ Hosese, D.F.; Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. and Alen, G.R. Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 35 (2) Fishes. Sydney: CSIRO. 2007: 1150. ISBN 978-0-643-09334-8. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Randall, John Ernest; Roger C. Steene; Gerald R. Allen. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press. 1997: 161. ISBN 0-8248-1895-4.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). Rome: FAO. 2001: 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao. A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records. Zoological Studies. 1999, 38 (1): 33–68.
  9. ^ Blaber, Stephen J.M. Fish and Fisheries of Tropical Estuaries. Singapore: Springer. 1997: 367. ISBN 0-412-78500-5.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Brewer, D.T.; S.J.M. Blaber, D.A. Milton & J.P. Salini. Aspects of the biology of Caranx bucculentus (Teleostei: Carangidae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 1994, 45 (3): 413–427. doi:10.1071/MF9940413. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  11. ^ Blaber, S.J.M.; D. T. Brewer, J. P. Salini & J. Kerr. Biomasses, catch rates and abundances of demersal fishes, particularly predators of prawns, in a tropical bay in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Marine Biology. 1990, 107 (3): 397–408. doi:10.1007/BF01313421. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Brewer, D.T.; Blaber, S.J.M. & Salini, J.P. Feeding biology of Caranx bucculentus Alleyne and Macleay (Teleostei: Carangidae) in Albatross Bay, Gulf of Carpentaria, with special reference to predation on penaeid prawns. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 1989, 40 (6): 657–668. doi:10.1071/MF9890657. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  13. ^ Laprise, R.; S.J.M. Blaber. Predation by Moses perch, Lutjanus russelli, and blue-spotted trevally, Caranx bucculentus, on juvenile brown tiger prawn, Penaeus esculentus: effects of habitat structure and time of day. Journal of Fish Biology. 1991, 40 (4): 627–635. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02610.x. 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  14. ^ Smith, R.L.; J.P. Salini; S.J.M. Blaber. Food intake and growth in the blue-spotted trevally, Caranx bucculentus Alleyne and Macleay 1877, with reference to predation on penaeid prawns. Journal of Fish Biology. 1992, 40 (3): 315–324. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02578.x. 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  15. ^ Stobutzki, Nona C.; Margaret J. Miller, Peter Jones & John P. Salini. Bycatch diversity and variation in a tropical Australian penaeid fishery; the implications for monitoring. Fisheries Research. 2001, 53 (3): 283–301. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00273-3. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 Horrobin, P. Guide to Favourite Australian Fish. Singapore: Universal Magazines. 1997: 90–91.

外部链接

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藍點鰺: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

蓝点鲹(英语:bluespotted trevally,学名:Caranx bucculentus)又稱大口鰺、擬浪人鰺,俗名為甘仔魚、瓜仔,是一种数量较大的海洋类,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鰺科的其中一個。蓝点鲹分布在东印度洋和西太平洋热带海域,北至台湾,南至澳大利亚。蓝点鲹是一种沿岸魚,生活在多泥沙和多海藻的环境,常见于比较大的海湾。蓝点鯵的明显特征是身体上部有深蓝色的斑点,蓝点鲹幼年时捕食底栖性鱼和螃蟹和虾等各种甲壳亚门動物,成年后食物以鱼为主。蓝点鲹是澳大利亚北部卡奔塔利亚湾最常见的食肉鱼类之一,被认为是一些经济虾类最重要的天敌。 蓝点鲹长到110毫米长和1岁的时候达到性成熟,产卵高峰期为春季。雌雄性蓝点鲹生长速度约为每年82.2毫米,已知能长到的最大长度为66厘米。蓝点鲹是捕虾作业的常见副产品,但由于商业价值低而常被抛弃。蓝点鲹是一种普通的食用鱼,偶尔会被钓到。

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술전갱이 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

Bluespotted trevally.jpg

술전갱이(학명:Caranx bucculentus)전갱이목 전갱이과에 속하는 물고기이다. 몸길이는 66cm로 중형물고기에 속한다.

특징과 먹이

술전갱이는 전갱이목 전갱이과의 어류 중에서 몸이 아름다운 은색을 가지고 있는 어류 중에 하나이다. 은색의 몸을 바탕으로 검은 점들이 나 있고 눈과 입이 매우 큰 어종이다. 양턱에는 작은 이빨들이 줄지어 나 있으며 지느러미는 대부분 회색이지만 등지느러미는 갈색을 띄고 있으며 등지느러미가 2개이다. 등지느러미는 제2등지느러미와 배지느러미가 각각 위와 아래로 솟구쳐 있다. 먹이로는 멸치, 청어, 정어리, 꽁치와 같은 작은물고기, 오징어와 같은 두족류, 갑각류를 모두 잡아먹는 육식성물고기에 속한다.

서식지와 어획

술전갱이의 주요서식지는 서부 태평양이며 대만에서 오스트레일리아에 이르는 지역까지 광범위하게 서식하고 있다. 수심 7M~63M의 산호초연안에서 주로 서식하는 표해수대의 어류이다. 술전갱이는 식용으로도 이용이 되는데 주로 회, 초밥, 구이로 가장 많이 먹는다.

같이 보기

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