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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 8 years (wild)
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Pectoral fin swimming ( Anglèis )

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Shiner perch swim primarily using their pectoral fins, which is called labriform swimming. One pectoral fin beat cycle is comprised of three phases: (1) abduction, when the fins are moving away from the body; (2) adduction, when the fins are moving towards the body; and (3) the refractory period, when the fins are tucked against the body.

Thrust and lift forces are generated during both abduction and adduction. The proportion of the fin cycle occupied by these two phases increases as the fish swims faster; accordingly, the proportion occupied by the refractory period decreases. Both frequency and amplitude of the fin beat increase as the fish swims faster (Webb 1973).

Shiner perch also show evidence of synchronizing mouth opening for ventilation with adduction (Webb 1975).

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Feeds on zoobenthos and plants (Ref. 27547).
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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19 - 22; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 22 - 25; Vertebrae: 33 - 37
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Life Cycle ( Anglèis )

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Viviparous. Mating is preceded by courtship. The male moves slowly toward the female, who retreats. Her flight stimulates pursuit by up to 10 males. During the pursuit, males attempt to bring their anal regions in contact with that of the female. One male heads off the female, urging her away from the group of males and also driving them away. The female is conducted to the shelter of a rock or other object, where the courtship dance begins. In this dance, the male, with dorsal fin fully erect, swims by means of his pectoral fin in a figure eight pattern over the female, udulating in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The male then stops, faces the female head to head, quivers, then moves his jaws and undulates his dorsal fin. He then moves beside the female, facing in the same direction, and repeats the movements. Finally, the male tilts on his side, the female tilts slightly away from hin, and the anal regions are brought in contact with each other. Copulation lasts less than a second. Gestation takes five to six months. Bears 3 to 36 young. Female carries the developing young (Ref. 205). Males are mature and ripe at birth. Juvenile females are mated soon after being born (Ref. 27547).
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Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

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Distinguished by the rather deep, compressed body, the large scales, and the three spines in the anal fin (Ref. 27547). Lateral line slightly arched, complete (Ref. 27547). Generally silvery, with back dusky to greenish; middle of sides toward head are scales with groups of fine black dots on them, forming about eight longitudinal stripes; the stripes are often interrupted, especially in females, by three pale yellow, vertical bands; paired fins colorless; dorsal and caudal fins plain or dusky; anal fin usually colorless, sometimes with a yellow blotch toward the front (Ref. 27547). Breeding males may be almost solid black and develop fleshy lobes on both sides of anal fin (Ref. 27547).
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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Usually in shallow water, around eelgrass beds, piers and pilings and commonly found in bays and quiet back waters (Ref. 2850). Also in calm areas of exposed coast (Ref. 2850). Enter estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 114138) [noted from freshwaters in Ref. 2850, but it is unlikely or rarely]. Found in loose schools or aggregations (Ref. 2850, Ref. 114138). Young feed mainly on copepods, while adults eat various small crustaceans, mollusks, and algae (Ref. 27547). Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205). Exhibit seasonal onshore-offshore movements (Ref. 27547).
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Importance ( Anglèis )

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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: occasionally; price category: unknown; price reliability:
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Cymatogaster aggregata ( Catalan; Valensian )

fornì da wikipedia CA
 src=
Il·lustració del 1906

Cymatogaster aggregata és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels embiotòcids i l'única del gènere Cymatogaster.[5]

Descripció

  • Pot arribar a fer 20,3 cm de llargària màxima (normalment, en fa 11,5).
  • Cos comprimit, generalment platejat i amb el dors de fosc a verdós.
  • 8-11 espines i 19-22 radis tous a l'aleta dorsal i 3 espines i 22-25 radis tous a l'anal.
  • 33-37 vèrtebres.
  • Línia lateral lleugerament arquejada i completa.
  • Presenta vuit ratlles longitudinals, les quals són sovint interrompudes (especialment en les femelles) per tres bandes de color groc clar.
  • Aleta anal generalment incolora i, de vegades, amb una taca groga.
  • Els mascles reproductors poden ésser de color quasi negre i desenvolupar lòbuls carnosos en ambdós costats de l'aleta anal.[6][7][8]

Alimentació

Els juvenils mengen principalment copèpodes, mentre que els adults es nodreixen de crustacis petits, mol·luscs i algues.[9]

Depredadors

És depredat per Leptocottus armatus,[10] Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Sarda chiliensis chiliensis, la bacora (Thunnus alalunga), Sebastes caurinus, la foca comuna (Phoca vitulina)[11] i el tauró lleopard (Triakis semifasciata).[12][13][14]

Hàbitat

És un peix d'aigua dolça, marina i salabrosa; demersal i de clima subtropical que viu fins als 146 m de fondària.[6][15]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba al Pacífic oriental: des de Wrangell (el sud-est d'Alaska)[16][17] fins a la badia de San Quintín (el nord de la Baixa Califòrnia, Mèxic).[18][6][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

Observacions

És inofensiu per als humans i la seua esperança de vida és de 9 anys.[28][6]

Referències

  1. Gibbons W. P., 1854. Description of four new species of viviparous fish, read before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Monday evening, May 15, 1854. Daily Placer Times and Transcript for Wednesday, May 18, 1854. P. 2 (newspaper). Daily Placer Times and Transcript . p. 2, col. 3.
  2. uBio (anglès)
  3. Gibbons, W. P., 1854. Description of four new species of viviparous fish, read before the California Academy of Natural Sciences, Monday evening, May 15, 1854. Daily Placer Times and Transcript for Wednesday, May 18, 1854. P. 2 (newspaper). Daily Placer Times and Transcript (newspaper): p. 2, col. 3.
  4. Catalogue of Life (anglès)
  5. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  6. 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 FishBase (anglès)
  7. Morrow, J.E., 1980. The freshwater fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 248 p.
  8. Hugg, D.O., 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. i Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater (Maryland), Estats Units.
  9. Morrow, J.E., 1980.
  10. Armstrong, J.L., D.A. Armstrong i S.B. Mathews, 1995. Food habits of estuarine staghorn sculpin, Leptocottus armatus, with focus on consumption of juvenile Dungeness crab, Cancer magister. Fish. Bull. 93:456-470.
  11. Browne, P., J.L. Laake i R.L. DeLong, 2002. Improving pinniped diet analyses through identification of multiple skeletal structures in fecal samples. Fish. Bull. 100:423-433.
  12. FishBase (anglès)
  13. Iverson, K.L., 1962. Albacore food habits. P. 11-46. A: L. Pinkas, M. S. Oliphant i I. L. K. Iverson (eds.). Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna, and bonito in California waters. Fish. Bull.152.
  14. Oliphant, M.S., 1962. Pacific bonito food habits. P. 64-82. A: L. Pinkas, M. S. Oliphant i I. L. K. Iverson (eds.). Food habits of Albacore, Bluefin tuna, and Bonito in California waters. Fish. Bull. 152.
  15. Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald i H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 336 p.
  16. Quast, J.C. i E.L. Hall, 1972. List of fishes of Alaska and adjacent waters with a guide to some of their literature. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-658, 47 p.
  17. Evermann, B.W. i E.L. Goldsborough, 1907. The fishes of Alaska. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 26: 219-360.
  18. Escobar-Fernández, R. i M. Siri, 1997. Nombres vernáculos y científicos de los peces del Pacífico mexicano. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Sociedad Ictiológica Mexicana, A.C. Mexico.
  19. Clemens, W.A. i G.V. Wilby, 1961. Fishes of the Pacific coast of Canada. 2a edició. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada Bull. (68): 443 p.
  20. Dorn, P., L. Johnson i C. Darby, 1979. The swimming performance of nine species of common California inshore fishes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 108(4):366-372.
  21. Eigenmann, C.H., 1894. Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons; a contribution to the ontogeny of viviparous fishes. P. 401-478. A: C.L. Eigenmann (ed.). On the viviparous fishes of the Pacific coast of North America. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 12:381-478.
  22. Goodson, G., 1988. Fishes of the Pacific coast. Alaska to Peru including the Gulf of California and the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 267 p.
  23. Hart, J.L., 1973. Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p.
  24. Hobson, E.S. i J.R. Chess, 1986. Relationships among fishes and their prey in a nearshore sand community off southern California. Environ. Biol. Fish. 17(3):201-226.
  25. Hobson, E.S., W.N. McFarland i J.R. Chess, 1981. Crepuscular and nocturnal activities of Californian nearshore fishes, with consideration of their scotopic visual pigments and the photic environment. Fish. Bull. 79:1-30.
  26. Lamb, A. i P. Edgell, 1986. Coastal fishes of the Pacific northwest. Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., la Colúmbia Britànica, el Canadà. 224 p.
  27. Richardson, J.S., T.J. Lissimore, M.C. Healey i T.G. Northcote, 2000. Fish communities of the lower Fraser River (Canada) and a 21-year contrast. Environ. Biol. of Fish 59:125-140.
  28. Shanks, A.L. i G.L. Eckert, 2005. Population persistence of California Current fishes and benthic crustaceans: a marine drift paradox. Ecol. Monogr. 75:505-524.


Bibliografia

  • Anònim, 2000. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, Sud-àfrica.
  • Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
  • Anònim, 2002. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West, NY 10024-5192, Estats Units.
  • Breder, C.M. i D.E. Rosen, 1966. Modes of reproduction in fishes. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. 941 p.
  • Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed.), 1998. Catalog of fishes. Publicació especial de la California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 3 vols. 2905 p.
  • Hinegardner, R. i D.E. Rosen, 1972. Cellular DNA content and the evolution of teleostean fishes. Am. Nat. 106(951): 621-644.
  • Jones, R., 1999. Haida names and utilization of common fish and marine mammals. P. 39-48. A: N. Haggan i A. Beattie (eds.). Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Hecate Strait Ecosystem. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 7(3). 65 p.
  • Jones, R., S. Watkinson i D. Pauly, 2001. Accessing traditional ecological knowledge of first nations in British Columbia through local common names in FishBase. Aboriginal Fish. J. 7(1):13-19.
  • Lindsey, C.C., 1978. Form, function and locomotory habits in fish. P. 1-100. A: W. S. Hoar i D. J. Randall (eds.). Fish Physiology VII. Academic Press, Nova York.
  • Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
  • Ricker, W.E., 1973. Russian-English dictionary for students of fisheries and aquatic biology. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa.
  • Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
  • Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
  • Sambilay, V.C. Jr., 1990. Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20.
  • Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.


Enllaços externs

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Cymatogaster aggregata: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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 src= Il·lustració del 1906

Cymatogaster aggregata és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels embiotòcids i l'única del gènere Cymatogaster.

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Cymatogaster aggregata ( Alman )

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Cymatogaster aggregata ist ein Fisch aus der Familie der Brandungsbarsche (Embiotocidae). Er lebt an den Felsküsten und den Tangwäldern des nordöstlichen Pazifik von der Wrangell-Insel an der Küste des südlichen Alaskas bis zur Bahia San Quintin im nördlichen Niederkalifornien. Die Fische halten sich vor allem in ruhigem, flachen Wasser, in Seegraswiesen, Buchten und Häfen auf und schwimmen auch in Brack- und Süßwasser. Sie leben in kleinen Schwärmen. In seinem Verbreitungsgebiet ist Cymatogaster aggregata der häufigste Brandungsbarsch.

Merkmale

Die Fische werden höchstens 18 bis 20 cm lang, erreichen meist aber nur 10 bis 13 cm. Sie werden 9 Jahre alt. Sie sind silberfarben, der Rücken grünlich oder dunkel. Auf den Seiten befinden sich acht Schuppenreihen mit kleinen schwarzen Punkten. Vor allem bei Weibchen werden die Streifen oft von drei hellgelben senkrechten Streifen unterbrochen. Oberhalb des Auges ist der Kopf konkav eingedellt. Auf beiden Kopfseiten, über der Oberlippe befindet sich oft ein kleiner, dunkler Fleck. Männliche Tiere sind während des Sommers dunkler, die gelben senkrechten Streifen treten nur im Winter auf. Die Seitenlinienorgan ist vollständig und etwas nach oben gewölbt. Unterscheidet sich von anderen Brandungsbarschen durch die großen Schuppen und die drei Flossenstachel in der Afterflosse. Die paarigen Flossen sind farblos, die Afterflosse normalerweise auch, zeigen aber manchmal vorn einen gelben Fleck, Rücken- und Schwanzflosse sind dunkel.

Lebensweise

Während der Fortpflanzungszeit sind die Begattungsorgane (Brandungsbarsche haben eine innere Befruchtung) der Männchen auf beiden Seiten der Afterflosse deutlich zu sehen. Die Paarung findet vor allem im Sommer statt, die Männchen sind dann oft ganz schwarz. Die Jungfische werden im folgenden Frühling oder Sommer geboren. Weibchen von 15 cm Länge können 20 Jungfische gebären, die bei der Geburt etwa 3,8 cm lang sind.

Cymatogaster aggregata ernährt sich von kleinen Krebstieren, Weichtieren und Algen, die Larven und Jungfische von Copepoden.

Literatur

  • Eschmeyer, Herald, Hamann: Pacific Coast Fishes. Peterson Field Guides, ISBN 0-395-33188-9

Weblinks

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Cymatogaster aggregata: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Cymatogaster aggregata ist ein Fisch aus der Familie der Brandungsbarsche (Embiotocidae). Er lebt an den Felsküsten und den Tangwäldern des nordöstlichen Pazifik von der Wrangell-Insel an der Küste des südlichen Alaskas bis zur Bahia San Quintin im nördlichen Niederkalifornien. Die Fische halten sich vor allem in ruhigem, flachen Wasser, in Seegraswiesen, Buchten und Häfen auf und schwimmen auch in Brack- und Süßwasser. Sie leben in kleinen Schwärmen. In seinem Verbreitungsgebiet ist Cymatogaster aggregata der häufigste Brandungsbarsch.

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Shiner perch ( Anglèis )

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The shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) is a common surfperch found in estuaries, lagoons, and coastal streams along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California. It is the sole member of its genus. The shiner perch is also known as seven-eleven and shiner seaperch.[2]

Dissected pregnant female

Shiner perches are similar to tule perches, deep-bodied with a dusky greenish back and silvery sides that have a pattern combining fine horizontal bars with three broad yellow vertical bars. Breeding males turn almost entirely black, the barred pattern being obscured by dark speckles. Shiner perches are distinguished from tule perches by having fewer dorsal fin spines, just 8–9 vs the 15–19 of the tule perch. The rayed part of the dorsal fin has 18 to 23 rays. The anal fin has 3 spines followed by 22–25 rays.

They are one of the most common fish in the bays and estuaries of their range, favoring beds of eelgrass, and often accumulating around piers as well. They feed on zooplankton such as copepods, but have been observed to bottom feed as well.

They are often found with parasitic isopods such as the Elthusa californica feeding off of them from their opercular cavity of the gill chamber.

References

  • Peter B. Moyle, Inland Fishes of California (University of California Press, 2002), pp. 428–429
  • Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Cymatogaster aggregata" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
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Shiner perch: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) is a common surfperch found in estuaries, lagoons, and coastal streams along the Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California. It is the sole member of its genus. The shiner perch is also known as seven-eleven and shiner seaperch.

Dissected pregnant female

Shiner perches are similar to tule perches, deep-bodied with a dusky greenish back and silvery sides that have a pattern combining fine horizontal bars with three broad yellow vertical bars. Breeding males turn almost entirely black, the barred pattern being obscured by dark speckles. Shiner perches are distinguished from tule perches by having fewer dorsal fin spines, just 8–9 vs the 15–19 of the tule perch. The rayed part of the dorsal fin has 18 to 23 rays. The anal fin has 3 spines followed by 22–25 rays.

They are one of the most common fish in the bays and estuaries of their range, favoring beds of eelgrass, and often accumulating around piers as well. They feed on zooplankton such as copepods, but have been observed to bottom feed as well.

They are often found with parasitic isopods such as the Elthusa californica feeding off of them from their opercular cavity of the gill chamber.

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Cymatogaster aggregata ( Basch )

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Cymatogaster aggregata Cymatogaster generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Embiotocidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Cymatogaster aggregata FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Cymatogaster aggregata: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Cymatogaster aggregata Cymatogaster generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Embiotocidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Cymatogaster aggregata ( Fransèis )

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Cymatogaster aggregata est une espèce de poissons téléostéens (Teleostei), la seule espèce du genre Cymatogaster (monotypique).

Références taxonomiques

Genre
Espèce
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Cymatogaster aggregata: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Cymatogaster aggregata est une espèce de poissons téléostéens (Teleostei), la seule espèce du genre Cymatogaster (monotypique).

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Cymatogaster aggregata ( olandèis; flamand )

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Vissen

Cymatogaster aggregata is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van brandingbaarzen (Embiotocidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1854 door Gibbons.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Cymatogaster aggregata. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
Geplaatst op:
22-10-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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墨西哥海鱮 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Cymatogaster aggregata
Gibbons, 1854

墨西哥海鱮学名Cymatogaster aggregata),又名灰海鱮[2]黑眼鱸,為隆頭魚亞目海鯽科下的一屬(海鱮屬),本屬已知的種類僅此一種。目前已知生活的深度(水深)最深約 146 公尺[3],可做為食用魚、觀賞魚及遊釣魚。

分布地區

 src=
雄魚
 src=
懷孕的雌魚

已知分布於太平洋東部,北至美國阿拉斯加州蘭格爾,南至墨西哥加利福尼亞灣海域(甚至可能分布於南美洲西北部沿海)[4]

辨識特徵

一般體長約 11 至 15 公分左右,最大可長至 20.3 公分。身體呈扁長形且相當深厚,背鰭具 8 至 11 條硬棘與 19 至 22 條軟條,臀鰭具 3 條硬棘與 22 至 25 條軟條。側線略呈弓形且完整。體色呈銀色,背部呈鉛灰色(有些個體略呈暗綠色),體側有 3 至 4 條左右的淡黃色條紋,胸鰭與腹鰭透明無色,臀鰭多為透明;雄性體側部分區塊鱗片顏色較深(形成約 8 條左右的縱帶)。繁殖期的雄性體色可能幾近純黑,且通常在臀鰭的兩邊具肉質葉[5]

生態習性

常生活在海草(尤其是大葉藻)生長的海域及半鹹水域、海灣(如碼頭)或河口[3]。屬肉食性,稚魚以橈足類等浮游生物為食,成魚則以甲殼類軟體動物藻類等為食;也有紀錄顯示本種會進行季節性的向陸及離陸的運動[5]。墨西哥海鱮為胎生魚類,卵在雌魚體內孵化(雄魚以精莢使雌魚體內受精),幼魚則以尾鰭先出來的方式生下來[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ NatureServe. Cymatogaster aggregata. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012 [15 November 2011].
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中野博美, 松澤誠二著. 張東君譯. 魚的時間 [魚の時間]. 維京國際. 2007: p.15 與 p.26. ISBN 978-986-7428-62-2. 引文格式1维护:冗余文本 (link)
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Eschmeyer W.N., E.S. Herald & H. Hammann. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1999年8月. ISBN 978-061-8002-12-2.
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Cymatogaster aggregata in FishBase. 2012年10月版本
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 James Edwin Morrow. The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. University of. B.C. Animal Resources Ecology Library. 1980. ISBN 978-088-2401-34-8.

擴展閱讀

 src= 維基物種中有關墨西哥海鱮的數據

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墨西哥海鱮: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

墨西哥海鱮(学名:Cymatogaster aggregata),又名灰海鱮或黑眼鱸,為隆頭魚亞目海鯽科下的一屬(海鱮屬),本屬已知的種類僅此一種。目前已知生活的深度(水深)最深約 146 公尺,可做為食用魚、觀賞魚及遊釣魚。

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