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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 114 years (wild)
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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From Volcanic Bay, Japan through the Bering Sea to off Southern California.

Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

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Body elongate. One lateral line with 190-195 scales, running along body axis. Dorsal fins well separated, the first with 19 to 27 spines; second dorsal fin with 16 to 20 soft rays, subequal to anal in size and form, and opposite in position. Anal fin with 3 spines and 15-19 soft rays. Pectoral with 16. Gillrakers 62-65. Adults (shown) are blackish or greenish gray above; usually with slightly paler blotches or chain-like pattern on upper back; paler below. At 30-61 cm often greenish, with faint stripes on back. Young under 15 cm are blue, black above; white below. Occasionally solid yellow, albino, or other unusual colors.

Arferiment

Amaoka, K. - 1984Anoplopomatidae. In: H. Masuda; K. Amaoka; C. Araga; T. Uyeno; T. Yoshino (eds.). The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai Univ. Press.320.

Size ( Anglèis )

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Attains over 100 cm.

Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Lives on mud bottom at depths between 300 and 600 m or deeper (adults to 1829 m). Young in shallow water.Feeds on crustaceans, worms and small fishes.Often migratory. Spawning occurs the spring. Known to live more than 20 years.

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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Caught by trawl net, traps and longlines. The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 26 188 t. The countries with the largest catches were USA (21 888 t) and Canada (4 300 t). Mostly quick-frozen and marketed in the Orient. Also utilized fresh, dried/salted and smoked, can be steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked. Its liver oil is rich in vitamin "A" and "D".

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Is an omnivorous predatory fish of the continental slope of the northern Pacific. Its food includes planktonic, benthic, nectobenthic and nectonic organisms (Ref. 42024).
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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Dorsal spines (total): 19 - 27; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 20; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 15 - 19
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Migration ( Anglèis )

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

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Dorsal fins well separated; 2nd dorsal fin sub equal to anal fin in size and form, and opposite in position. Reaches over 1 m in SL.
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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Most of the catch is marketed in Japan (Ref. 28499). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988), can be steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The liver oil is rich in vitamin A and D (Ref. 4925). Reported to reach 57 kg in Ref. 2850.
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Importance ( Anglèis )

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fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: likely future use; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: very high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Kohlenfisch ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Der Kohlenfisch (Anoplopoma fimbria) ist eine von zwei Fischarten aus der Familie der Skilfische (Anoplopomatidae) und die einzige Art der Gattung Anoplopoma.

Merkmale

Kohlenfische werden maximal 1,20 Meter lang, können über 50 kg schwer werden und erreichen ein Alter von über 100 Jahren. Sie haben einen langgestreckten Körper mit zwei durch eine deutliche Lücke voneinander getrennten Rückenflossen. Die Afterflosse ist symmetrisch zur zweiten Rückenflosse. Ihr Körper ist von kleinen, leicht ctenoiden Schuppen bedeckt. Jungfische unter einer Länge von 15 cm sind blau-schwarz auf der Oberseite und weiß auf der Bauchseite. Tiere mit einer Länge zwischen 30 und 60 cm sind oft grünlich, mit einem Streifenmuster auf der Rückenseite. Ausgewachsene Fische sind oberseits schwärzlich (Name) oder grüngrau, mit einigen helleren Flecken, und auf der Bauchseite heller. Es gibt auch abweichende Farben, rein gelbliche Tiere oder Albinos.

Habitat, Verbreitung und Lebensgewohnheiten

Der Kohlenfisch ist über den gesamten Nordpazifik von Japan über die Beringsee und Alaska bis zum mittleren Baja California und der Isla de Cedros verbreitet. Sein Habitat sind schlammige Meeresböden in 300 bis 2700 Metern Tiefe. Kohlenfische ernähren sich räuberisch von kleineren Fischen, Krill, Quallen und Kopffüßern.

Nutzung

Der Kohlenfisch ist in Japan ein begehrter Speisefisch, sein Fleisch hat einen hohen Gehalt an langkettigen Omega-3-Fettsäuren (EPA und DHA). Beim Fang werden oft Pottwale angelockt, die von den Leinen fressen.[1]

Literatur

  • Eschmeyer, Herald, Hamann: Pacific Coast Fishes, Peterson Field Guides, ISBN 0-395-33188-9

Einzelnachweise

  1. Wale fressen Fischern die Fangleinen leer. Spiegel Online, 3. August 2018.
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Kohlenfisch: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Kohlenfisch (Anoplopoma fimbria) ist eine von zwei Fischarten aus der Familie der Skilfische (Anoplopomatidae) und die einzige Art der Gattung Anoplopoma.

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Sablefish ( Anglèis )

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The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma.[1] In English, common names for it include sable (US), butterfish (US), black cod (US, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), snowfish (ปลาหิมะ; Thailand), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species.[2] The US Food and Drug Administration accepts only "sablefish" as the acceptable market name in the United States; "black cod" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a statement of identity for this species.[3] The sablefish is found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean at depths of 300 to 2,700 m (980 to 8,860 ft) and is commercially important to Japan.[4][5]

Description

The sablefish is a species of deep-sea fish common to the North Pacific Ocean.[6] Adult sablefish are opportunistic piscivores, preying on Alaskan pollock, eulachon, capelin, herring, sandlance, and Pacific cod, as well as squid, euphausiids, and jellyfish.[7] Sablefish are long-lived, with a maximum recorded age of 94 years[8] although the majority of the commercial catch in many areas is less than 20 years old.[9][10]

Sablefish growth varies regionally, with larger maximum sizes in Alaska,[10] where total lengths up to 114 cm (45 in) weights up to 25 kg (55 lb) have been recorded.[11] However, average lengths are typically below 70 cm (28 in) and 4 kg (8.8 lb).[11][10]

Tagging studies have indicated that sablefish have been observed to move as much as 2,000 km (1,200 mi) before recapture with one study estimating an average distance between release and recapture of 602 km (374 mi), with an average annual movement of 191 km (119 mi).[12][13]

Fisheries

Sablefish are typically caught in bottom trawl, longline and pot fisheries. In the Northeast Pacific, sablefish fisheries are managed separately in three areas: Alaska, the Canadian province of British Columbia, and the west coast of the contiguous United States (Washington, Oregon, and California). In all these areas catches peaked in the 1970s and 80s and have been lower since that time due to a combination of reduced populations and management restrictions.[9][14][10] The sablefish longline fishery in Alaska has been certified as sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council[15] as is the US West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl fishery which includes sablefish.[16]

Longline fisheries in Alaska frequently experience predation of sablefish by killer whales and sperm whales which remove the fish from the hooks during the process of retrieving the gear.[17][18][19]

Sablefish aquaculture is an area of active research.[20]

Culinary Use

Sablefish (gindara) kasuzuke from a market in San Francisco, California
A restaurant prepared meal of Alaskan sablefish.

The white flesh of the sablefish is soft-textured and mildly flavored. It is considered a delicacy in many countries. When cooked, its flaky texture is similar to Patagonian toothfish (Chilean sea bass). The meat has a high fat content and can be prepared in many ways, including grilling, smoking, or frying, or served as sushi. Sablefish flesh is high in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA. It contains about as much as wild salmon.[21]

Smoked sablefish, often called simply "sable", has long been a staple of New York appetizing stores, one of many smoked fish products usually eaten with bagels for breakfast in American Jewish cuisine.[22][23]

In Japanese cuisine, the black cod (gindara) is often cooked saikyo yaki style, marinated for several days in sweet white miso or sake lees (kasuzuke) then broiled.[24] The Japanese-Peruvian-American chef Nobu Matsuhisa introduced his version of gindara saikyo yaki at his restaurant in Los Angeles, and brought it to his New York restaurant Nobu in 1994, where it is considered his signature dish, under the name "Black Cod with Miso".[25][26][22] Kasuzuke sablefish is popular in Seattle thanks to a large Japanese community in that area.[27]

Mercury content

Studies of accumulated mercury levels find average mercury concentrations from 0.1 ppm,[28] 0.2 ppm,[29] and up to 0.4 ppm.[30] The US Food and Drug Administration puts sablefish in the "Good Choices" category in their guide for pregnant women and parents, and recommends one 4-ounce serving (uncooked) a week for an adult, less for children.[31][32] On the other hand, the Alaska epidemiology section considers Alaska sablefish to be "low in mercury" and advises "unrestricted consumption" of sablefish for all populations.[33]

References

  1. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2022). "Anoplopoma fimbrata" in FishBase. August 2022 version.
  2. ^ "Common Names List - Anoplopoma fimbria". Fishbase.org. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  3. ^ "Seafood List Search Returns". Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  4. ^ Sonu, Sunee C. (October 2014). "Supply and Market for Sablefish in Japan" (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS. NOAA-TM-NMFS-WCR-102.
  5. ^ Burros, Marian (16 May 2001). "The Fish That Swam Uptown". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  6. ^ "Anoplopoma fimbria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
  7. ^ Yang, M-S and M. W. Nelson 2000. Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska in 1990, 1993, and 1996. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-112. 174 p.
  8. ^ Kimura, Daniel K., A. M. Shaw and F. R. Shaw 1998. Stock Structure and movement of tagged sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, in offshore northeast Pacific waters and the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on migration and growth. Fish. Bull. 96:462-481.
  9. ^ a b Hanselman DH, Rodgveller CJ, Lunsford CR, Fenske, KH (2017), Assessment of the Sablefish stock in Alaska in: Stock assessment and fishery evaluation report for the groundfish resources of the GOA and BS/AI (PDF), North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave., Suite 306 Anchorage, AK 99501, USA, pp. 307–412
  10. ^ a b c d Haltuch MA, Johnson KF, Tolimieri N, Kapur MS, Castillo-Jordán CA (2019), Status of the sablefish stock in U.S. waters in 2019, Pacific Fisheries Management Council, 7700 Ambassador Place NE, Suite 200, Portland, OR, U.S.A.
  11. ^ a b "Sablefish Species Profile, Alaska Department of Fish and Game". www.adfg.alaska.gov. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  12. ^ Beamish, R. J.; McFarlane, C. A. (1988). "Resident and Dispersal Behavior of Adult Sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria) in the Slope Waters off Canada's West Coast". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 45 (1): 152–164. doi:10.1139/f88-017. ISSN 0706-652X.
  13. ^ Hanselman, Dana H.; Heifetz, Jonathan; Echave, Katy B.; Dressel, Sherri C. (2015). "Move it or lose it: movement and mortality of sablefish tagged in Alaska". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72 (2): 238–251. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2014-0251. ISSN 0706-652X.
  14. ^ DFO (2016), A revised operating model for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in British Columbia, Canada (PDF), DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2016/015
  15. ^ "US North Pacific sablefish - MSC Fisheries". fisheries.msc.org. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  16. ^ "US West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl - MSC Fisheries".
  17. ^ Peterson, Megan J.; Carothers, Courtney (1 November 2013). "Whale interactions with Alaskan sablefish and Pacific halibut fisheries: Surveying fishermen perception, changing fishing practices and mitigation". Marine Policy. 42: 315–324. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2013.04.001. ISSN 0308-597X.
  18. ^ Sigler, Michael F.; Lunsford, Chris R.; Straley, Janice M.; Liddle, Joseph B. (2008). "Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean". Marine Mammal Science. 24 (1): 16–27. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00149.x. ISSN 0824-0469.
  19. ^ Sperm whales steal from a fishing boat - Alaska: Earth's Frozen Kingdom - Episode 1 - BBC Two, 3 February 2015, archived from the original on 21 December 2021, retrieved 24 August 2018
  20. ^ "Jamestown S'Klallam, NOAA Partner on Black Cod Broodstock Program". Northwest Treaty Tribes. 27 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria". FishWatch. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  22. ^ a b Marian Burros, "The Fish that Swam Uptown", New York Times, May 16, 2001, page F1
  23. ^ Leah Koenig, "A Smoked Fish Primer", The Forward July 1, 2016
  24. ^ "Miso-marinated broiled fish", recipe in Elizabeth Andoh, Washoku: Recipes from the Japanese Home Kitchen, 2012, ISBN 030781355X, p. 229
  25. ^ Nobu Matsuhisa, Nobu: A Memoir, 2019, ISBN 1501122800, p. 47
  26. ^ Ruth Reichl, "Restaurants", New York Times, October 7, 1994, p. C24
  27. ^ Loomis, Susan Herrmann (26 June 1988). "Seattle's Sake-Marinated Fish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  28. ^ "Fish Consumption Advice for Alaskans - A Risk Management Strategy To Optimize the Public's Health" (PDF).
  29. ^ "Human Health Risk Assessment of Mercury in Fish and Health Benefits of Fish Consumption". 9 March 2007.
  30. ^ "Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990–2012)". FDA. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
  31. ^ U.S. Food & Drug Administration, "Eating Fish: What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know" [1]
  32. ^ U.S. Food & Drug Administration, "Questions & Answers from the FDA/EPA Advice on What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know about Eating Fish" [2]
  33. ^ "2014 Updated Fish Consumption Advice for Alaskans" (PDF).

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Sablefish: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma. In English, common names for it include sable (US), butterfish (US), black cod (US, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), snowfish (ปลาหิมะ; Thailand), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species. The US Food and Drug Administration accepts only "sablefish" as the acceptable market name in the United States; "black cod" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a statement of identity for this species. The sablefish is found in muddy sea beds in the North Pacific Ocean at depths of 300 to 2,700 m (980 to 8,860 ft) and is commercially important to Japan.

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Anoplopoma fimbria ( Basch )

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Anoplopoma fimbria Anoplopoma generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Anoplopomatidae familian.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Anoplopoma fimbria FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Anoplopoma fimbria: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Anoplopoma fimbria Anoplopoma generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Anoplopomatidae familian.

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Anoplopoma fimbria ( Fransèis )

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Le charbonnier[1] (Anoplopoma fimbria) est une espèce de poissons téléostéens, c'est le seul représentant de son genre Anoplopoma (monotypique). On l'appelle parfois morue charbonnière parce qu'elle remplace la morue de l'atlantique dans les marchés bien que ce poisson ne soit pas une véritable morue. Ce poisson peut aller jusqu'à 2 740 m de profondeur. Il peut atteindre jusqu'à 1,20 m de longueur. On trouve le charbonnier dans le nord de l'océan Pacifique.

Voir aussi

Références taxonomiques

Genre
Espèce

Notes et références

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Anoplopoma fimbria: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Le charbonnier (Anoplopoma fimbria) est une espèce de poissons téléostéens, c'est le seul représentant de son genre Anoplopoma (monotypique). On l'appelle parfois morue charbonnière parce qu'elle remplace la morue de l'atlantique dans les marchés bien que ce poisson ne soit pas une véritable morue. Ce poisson peut aller jusqu'à 2 740 m de profondeur. Il peut atteindre jusqu'à 1,20 m de longueur. On trouve le charbonnier dans le nord de l'océan Pacifique.

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Svartþorskur ( Islandèis )

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Svartþorskur einnig nefndur Drungi (fræðiheiti: Anoplopoma fimbria) er botnfiskur af drungaætt en hún inniheldur aðeins eina aðra tegund, Erilepis zonifer. Jafnfram er hann eina tegundin af ættkvíslinn anoplopoma. Svartþorskar eru sérstaklega góðir til matreiðslu vegna mikillar fitu og eru hátt verðlagðir út af mjög ríku og mjúku bragði og einstakri silkimjúkri áferð.

Lýsing

Svartþorskurinn er ílangur, dökkgrár að lit með hvítann maga, hold þeirra er perluhvítt og roðið dökkt. Hann er með tvo bakugga og tvo kviðugga, getur orðið allt að 115 cm að lengd og vegið 25 kíló. Meðalstærð svartþorsksins er þó um 70 cm og 3,7 kíló[1].

Svarþorskar eru langlífir en þeir geta orðið allt að 90 ára gamlir. Þegar þeir hafa náð kynþroska hrygna þeir árlega. Þeir leggja um 110 egg á hvert gramm, svo að meðalstór svartþorskur leggur um 407.000 egg. Hrygning fer fram í djúpsjó á um 300-500 metra dýpi, í köldum sjó og fer því hrygningartíminn eftir staðsetningu, en oftast er hann þó í janúar-febrúar eða í apríl[2]. Eggin þeirra eru slétt og um það bil 2 mm í þvermál. Þau þróast hratt á dýpi sjávar en seiðin má finna á yfirborðinu, oft fljótandi þar um, eða í landi en þar liggja þau þangað til þau ná um 30-40 cm stærð. Um tveggja til þriggja ára aldur vegur ungur svartþorskur nálægt 1,4 kílóum og þá byrja þeir að flytja sig í dýpri sjó. 5 ára eru þeir síðan orðnir um 60 cm langir og karlmennirnir þroskaðir. Hrygnan verður svo fullþroskuð 6 og hálfs árs. Um það bil sem svartþorskarnir þroskast verða þeir færir um æxlun.

Lifnaðarhættir

800x598-Carte-Alaska-R.jpg

Svartþorskar finnast við strendur Norðaustur-Kyrrahafs allt frá Baja í Mexíkó og til Alaska. Í Norðvestur-Kyrrahafinu finnast þeir frá Síberíu í Beringshafi og til Komandorskíje-eyja í Rússlandi.

Fullorðnir svartþorskar eru botnfiskar og halda sig á sjávarbotni. Þeir finnast á 150 til 1500 metra dýpi, meðfram landgrunnshlíð í dölum eða fjörðum.

Fæða

Svartþorskar ferðast mikið um, en rannsóknir hafa sýnt flutninga allt yfir 4000 kílómetra á 6-7 ára tímabili. Vegna þess þarf svartþorskurinn oft að aðlagast nýjum aðstæðum og borðar hann því nánast allt sem í boði er. Fæða hans fer mikið eftir staðsetningu, aldri og árstíma. Hún samanstendur af minni fiskum, smokkfiskum, kolkröbbum, krabbadýrum og ormum. Svartþorskarnir eru einnig étnir af öðrum dýrum og eru yngri fiskarnir oftast étnir af öðrum stærri fiskum en stærri svartþorskarnir étnir af búrhvölum [3].

Veiði á svartþorski

Veiðum á svartþorski hefur verið stjórnað vel og er hann ekki ofveiddur. Nóg er af honum á Kyrrahafssvæðinu við Alaska og Kanada. Svartþoskurinn sem veiddur er við Alaska og Bresku Kólumbíu er álitinn besti kosturinn fyrir neytendur [4]. Svartþorskur er veiddur í djúpsjó út af strönd kyrrahafs. Hann er aðallega veiddur í línu, gildru eða net [5]. Afli Bandaríkjamanna árið 2012 var um 40 milljón pund, þar af 31 milljónir punda frá Alaska og restin frá Washington, Oregon og Kaliforníu. Verðið var að mestu frá 4-7 $ á hvert pund eftir stærð fisksins [6].

Fiskeldi

Frá og með árinu 2010 er svartþorskur ekki hafður í fiskeldi í Bandaríkjunum. Hins vegar er hafið eldi á svartþorski í bresku Kólumbíu. Eldi á svartþorski vekur áhyggjur vegna hugsanlegra neikvæðra áhrifa, svo sem sjúkdómum, sníkjudýrum eða erfðafræðilegum ógnum við villtra stofna, eyðilegging umhverfis, heilsufarsáhætta fyrir neytendur og efnahagsleg áhrif á fiskiðnaðinn [7].

Markaðir, menning og afurðir

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Sashimi

Svartþoskur er verðmætur vegna af mjög ríku og mjúku bragði og einstakri, silkimjúkri áferð. Há fituprósenta veldur ríku bragði og einstarki áferð sem gerir fiskinn fullkominn til reykingar. Svartþorskur er stundum nefndur smjörfiskur vegna mikils smjörbragðs, en hann er mjög vinsæll um allan heim og hefur því mörg mismunandi nöfn. Svartþorskurinn er mikill eðalfiskur og finnst því á fínustu sjávaréttaveitingastöðum um allan heim. Mikið af svartþorskinum sem veiddur er í Bandaríkjunum og Kanada er seldur til Japan, þar sem hann er eftirsóttur og seldur háu verði í sushigerð[8]. Vegna þess hversu langlífur svartþorskurinn getur orðið í djúpum og köldum sjó, inniheldur hann mikið af fitu í formi omega-3 sem gerir hann að mjög hollum fisk. Af öllum hvítum fiskum, hefur svartþorskurinn hæsta omega-3 hlutfallið, jafnvel hærra en margar tegundir laxa [9].

Tilvísanir

Heimildaskrá

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Svartþorskur: Brief Summary ( Islandèis )

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Svartþorskur einnig nefndur Drungi (fræðiheiti: Anoplopoma fimbria) er botnfiskur af drungaætt en hún inniheldur aðeins eina aðra tegund, Erilepis zonifer. Jafnfram er hann eina tegundin af ættkvíslinn anoplopoma. Svartþorskar eru sérstaklega góðir til matreiðslu vegna mikillar fitu og eru hátt verðlagðir út af mjög ríku og mjúku bragði og einstakri silkimjúkri áferð.

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Anoplopoma fimbria ( Italian )

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Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814), conosciuto come carbonaro[1] o con i nomi inglesi di blackcod o sablefish, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Anoplopomatidae. È l'unico membro del genere Anoplopoma.

Distribuzione e habitat

Diffuso nell'Oceano Pacifico settentrionale sulle coste asiatiche e nordamericane a sud fino al Giappone settentrionale e alla Bassa California[2].

Vive su fondi fangosi a profondità tra 305 e 2740 metri di profondità. I giovanili hanno abitudini pelagiche e si trovano vicino alle coste. Allo stadio giovanile può effettuare lunghe migrazioni fino a 3700 km in 6-7 anni[2].

Descrizione

A. fimbria ha corpo affusolato e bocca ampia. Risulta piuttosto simile al merluzzo nonostante non vi sia una stretta affinità filogenetica tra le due specie[3]. Due pinne dorsali ben separate, la seconda delle quali opposta e identica alla pinna anale. Pinna caudale biloba[2].

La colorazione dell'adulto è brunastra o nerastra sul dorso con macchie chiare spesso disposte in file; il ventre è chiaro. Gli esemplari più piccoli sono di solito verdastri con strisce indistinte nella regione dorsale. I giovanili ancora nella fase pelagica sono blu sui fianchi, neri sul dorso e bianchi nella regione ventrale[4].

Misura fino a 120 cm ma normalmente non supera gli 80. Peso massimo riportato 57 kg[2].

Biologia

Si tratta di una specie a vita lunga che ha una longevità massima nota di 94 anni[2].

Alimentazione

Predatore: si nutre di pesci, crostacei e vermi marini[2].

Pesca

Importante per la pesca commerciale. La maggior parte delle catture viene smerciata sui mercati giapponesi dove viene particolarmente apprezzato. L'olio estratto dal fegato è ricco di vitamina A e Vitamina D. La pesca di questa specie nelle acque statunitensi è certificata come sostenibile dal Marine Stewardship Council. È in fase di studio la possibilità di allevare questa specie in piscicoltura[2].

Note

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Anoplopoma fimbria: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814), conosciuto come carbonaro o con i nomi inglesi di blackcod o sablefish, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Anoplopomatidae. È l'unico membro del genere Anoplopoma.

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Zandvis ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Vissen

De zandvis, Pacifische koolvis of zwarte kabeljauw (Anoplopoma fimbria), is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Anoplopomatidae (koolvissen) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van schorpioenvisachtigen (Scorpaeniformes).

Kenmerken

De flanken van deze slankgebouwde vis zijn zilverkleurig, met aan de toppen van de aarsvin en staartvin wat oranje of lichtrood. De rugvin is ver naar achteren geplaatst. De rugzijde vertoont een grijsgroene tot zwarte schutkleur, vaak met vlekken of strepen. De buikzijde is wit. De ogen bevatten een dun huidlaagje ter bescherming tegen schurend zand. Deze vis kan een lengte bereiken van 120 cm en een gewicht tot 57 kg. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 62 jaar.

Leefwijze

Het voedsel van zandvissen bestaat uit ongewervelde bodemdieren. Ze hebben een onderstandige bek met zintuigpapillen die helpt bij het voedselzoeken.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Anoplopoma fimbria is een zoutwatervis en een bodemdier. De vis prefereert een diepwaterklimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Grote Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot 2740 m onder het wateroppervlak. Hij komt voor in de zuidwestelijke Indische Oceaan, van Mozambique tot de Kaap langs zandige kusten.

Relatie tot de mens

Anoplopoma fimbria is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd. De soort kan worden bezichtigd in sommige openbare aquaria.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
  • David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
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Zandvis: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

De zandvis, Pacifische koolvis of zwarte kabeljauw (Anoplopoma fimbria), is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Anoplopomatidae (koolvissen) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van schorpioenvisachtigen (Scorpaeniformes).

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Anoplopoma ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Anoplopoma[2][3], dorszyk czarny[2][3], karbonela[4](Anoplopoma fimbria)gatunek ryby z rodziny anoplopomowatych (Anoplopomatidae). Jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Anoplopoma.

Występowanie

Anoplopoma jest spotykana na szelfach i stokach północnego Pacyfiku, na głębokościach od 50 do 2700 metrów, najliczniej na 100–300 m. Osiąga przeciętnie 40–70 cm długości i masę 2–10 kg, maksymalnie do 100 cm i do 45 kg[4].

Znaczenie gospodarcze

Jest jedną z cenniejszych ryb Oceanu Spokojnego[4], z tego powodu nazwaną „sterletem Pacyfiku”[3]. Ma duże znaczenie dla gospodarki rybnej w Japonii. Jest wysoko cenioną rybą jadalną w wielu krajach – dla swojego słodkiego smaku i puszystej budowy. Jej wątroba zawiera duże ilości witaminy A[4].

Przypisy

  1. Anoplopoma fimbria, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
  3. a b c Ryby. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1976, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny.
  4. a b c d Stanisław Rutkowicz: Encyklopedia ryb morskich. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1982. ISBN 83-215-2103-7.

Bibliografia

  • Anoplopoma fimbria. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 1 stycznia 2011]
  • http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/fishwatch/species/sablefish.htm
  • Yang, M-S and M. W. Nelson 2000. Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska in 1990, 1993, and 1996. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-112. 174 p.
  • Kimura, Daniel K., A. M. Shaw and F. R. Shaw 1998. Stock Structure and movement of tagged sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, in offshore northeast Pacific waters and the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on migration and growth. Fish. Bull. 96:462-481.
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Anoplopoma: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

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Anoplopoma, dorszyk czarny, karbonela(Anoplopoma fimbria) – gatunek ryby z rodziny anoplopomowatych (Anoplopomatidae). Jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Anoplopoma.

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Peixe-carvão-do-pacífico ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

O peixe-carvão-do-pacífico (Anoplopoma fimbria) é um dos membros da família Anoplopomatidae e a única espécie do género Anoplopoma.

Habita fundos marinhos lodosos no Pacífico Norte a profundidades entre os 300 e os 2 700 metros e é uma espécie comercialmente importante no Japão. É também considerado uma iguaria em muitos outros países devido aos seus sabor adocicado e textura.

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Cá than ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Cá than, (danh pháp hai phần: Anoplopoma fimbria), là một trong hai thành viên của họ cá có danh pháp khoa học là Anoplopomatidae (họ Cá than) và là loài duy nhất trong chi Anoplopoma. Nó được tìm thấy tại các đáy nhiều bùn của khu vực bắc Thái Bình Dương ở độ sâu từ 300 tới 2.700 m, có giá trị kinh tế quan trọng tại Nhật Bản.

Nó cũng được coi là đặc sản tại nhiều quốc gia vì thịt có vị ngọt và kết cấu như bông.

Giá trị dinh dưỡng

Thịt cá than chứa nhiều axít béo omega 3 chuỗi dài có lợi cho sức khỏe như EPADHA. Hàm lượng các axít béo này tương tự như ở cá hồi hoang dã.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

Bằng tiếng Anh:


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Lớp Cá vây tia này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá than: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Cá than, (danh pháp hai phần: Anoplopoma fimbria), là một trong hai thành viên của họ cá có danh pháp khoa học là Anoplopomatidae (họ Cá than) và là loài duy nhất trong chi Anoplopoma. Nó được tìm thấy tại các đáy nhiều bùn của khu vực bắc Thái Bình Dương ở độ sâu từ 300 tới 2.700 m, có giá trị kinh tế quan trọng tại Nhật Bản.

Nó cũng được coi là đặc sản tại nhiều quốc gia vì thịt có vị ngọt và kết cấu như bông.

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Угольная рыба ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Подотряд: Рогатковидные
Надсемейство: Аноплопоматоподобные (Anoplopomatoidea)
Семейство: Аноплопомовые
Род: Угольные рыбы (Anoplopoma Ayres, 1859)
Вид: Угольная рыба
Международное научное название

Anoplopoma fimbria (Pallas, 1814)

Синонимы
  • Gadus fimbria Pallas, 1814
  • Anoplopoma merlangus Ayres, 1859
  • Scombrocottus salmoneus Peters, 1872
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Систематика
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 167123NCBI 229290EOL 206154

У́гольная ры́ба[1], или аноплопо́ма[1][2] (лат. Anoplopoma fimbria) — вид глубоководных промысловых рыб из семейства аноплопомовых, единственный представитель рода Anoplopoma.

Описание

Тело торпедовидной формы с тонким хвостовым стеблем. Голова удлинённая без шипов и гребней, с конечным ртом и острыми зубами, по бокам рыла имеются две ноздри. Два спинных плавника разделены широким промежутком. В первом спинном плавнике 17—30 жёстких неветвистых лучей, а во втором — один жёсткий и 16—20 мягких ветвистых лучей. Анальный плавник с 3 слабыми колючими лучами и 15—19 мягкими лучами расположен на уровне второго спинного плавника. В брюшных плавниках одна колючка и 5 мягких лучей. Мелкая ктеноидная чешуя покрывает всё тело и голову, в боковой линии 190—195 чешуек[3][4].

Верхняя сторона тела чёрная с синеватым отливом, бока несколько светлее, а брюхо серое.

Максимальная длина тела 120 см, масса — 14 кг[5], максимальная продолжительность жизни — 65 лет[6].

Распространение

Обитает в северной части Тихого океана от Берингова пролива вдоль побережья Камчатки и тихоокеанской стороны Курильских островов до острова Хонсю. Вдоль западного побережья Северной Америки распространена от Аляски до острова Седрос в Нижней Калифорнии.

Глубоководный вид, встречающийся на глубине от 300 до 2700 м. Личинки и мальки ведут пелагический образ жизни в приповерхностных слоях[5].

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Угольная рыба, отдыхающая на мягком грунте на глубине 300 м

Промысловое значение

Характеризуется высокими вкусовыми качествами и является ценным объектом глубоководного промысла.

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 383. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  2. Моисеев Р. С., Токранов А. М. и др. Каталог позвоночных Камчатки и сопредельных морских акваторий. — Петропавловск-Камчатский: Камчатский печатный двор, 2000. — С. 26. — ISBN 5-85857-003-8.
  3. Нельсон Д. С. Рыбы мировой фауны / Пер. 4-го перераб. англ. изд. Н. Г. Богуцкой, науч. ред-ры А. М. Насека, А. С. Герд. — М.: Книжный дом «ЛИБРОКОМ», 2009. — С. 460. — ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0.
  4. Промысловые рыбы России. В двух томах / Под ред. О. Ф. Гриценко, А. Н. Котляра и Б. Н. Котенёва. — М.: изд-во ВНИРО, 2006. — Т. 1. — С. 509—511. — 656 с. — ISBN 5-85382-229-2.
  5. 1 2 Угольная рыба (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
  6. R. J B.eamish, G. A. McFarlane. Reevaluation of the interpretation of annuli from otoliths of a long-lived fish, Anoplopoma fimbria (англ.) // Fisheries Research : journal. — 2000. — Vol. 46, no. 1-3. — P. 105—111. — DOI:10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00137-5.
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Угольная рыба: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию

У́гольная ры́ба, или аноплопо́ма (лат. Anoplopoma fimbria) — вид глубоководных промысловых рыб из семейства аноплопомовых, единственный представитель рода Anoplopoma.

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銀鱈 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Anoplopoma fimbria
Pallas, 1814

裸蓋魚學名Anoplopoma fimbria)又名銀鱈魚裸頭魚,是輻鰭魚綱鮋形目黑鮋亞目裸蓋魚亞目黑鮋科的其中一,经常被与真正的鳕鱼混为一谈。后在南極海域發現南極犬齒細鱗魚的魚類,外觀雖與裸蓋魚完全不同,但也被稱為銀鱈魚,且市價更高。

分布

本魚分布於北太平洋,包括日本北部、勘察加半島白令海海岸、阿拉斯加加利福尼亞州等海域。一般栖于近底层(水深0-2740米),属冷水性底栖鱼类。

深度

水深0至2740公尺。

特徵

本魚體相當延長而稍側扁,呈圓筒形。頭尖形;口中大,上頜略長於下頜。齒細小,呈齒帶,上下頜、鋤骨、腭骨均具齒。頭部及身體均被弱小圓鱗。背鰭分離,具有硬棘19至27枚、軟條15至19枚;臀鰭硬棘3枚、軟條15至19枚;尾鰭深叉型。體背深藍灰色或綠灰色;體腹灰色或淡色;除第一背鰭後,各鰭均具有黑色外緣。體長可達120公分。

生態

冷水域之深海魚類,本魚卵為大洋性漂浮卵,隨著成長逐漸由水表面而不斷遷移至較深水域。雜食性,大都以蠕蟲或小魚為食。

經濟利用

食用魚,一般皆以煙薰食之。其肝具有豐富的維他命A及D。在中国大陆市场上被以“鳕鱼”的名称出售。 然而,另一种较常见的名称“油鱼” ,即“异鳞蛇鲭”,常被拿来冒充裸盖鱼,但肌肉及内脏富含蜡质油脂,多吃会导致腹泻。

参考文献

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銀鱈: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

裸蓋魚(學名:Anoplopoma fimbria)又名銀鱈魚、裸頭魚,是輻鰭魚綱鮋形目黑鮋亞目裸蓋魚亞目黑鮋科的其中一,经常被与真正的鳕鱼混为一谈。后在南極海域發現南極犬齒細鱗魚的魚類,外觀雖與裸蓋魚完全不同,但也被稱為銀鱈魚,且市價更高。

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ギンダラ ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
ギンダラ 4sablefish 500.jpg
ギンダラ
Anoplopoma fimbria
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii 亜綱 : 新鰭亜綱 Neopterygii 上目 : 棘鰭上目 Acanthopterygii : カサゴ目 Scorpaeniformes 亜目 : ギンダラ亜目 Anoplopomatoidei : ギンダラ科 Anoplopomatidae : ギンダラ属 Anoplopoma : ギンダラ A. fimbria 学名 Anoplopoma fimbria
(Pallas, 1814) 和名 ギンダラ (銀鱈) 英名 Sablefish

ギンダラ (銀鱈、英: Sablefish、学名: Anoplopoma fimbria)は、カサゴ目ギンダラ科に属する魚類。別名、ナミアラホクヨウムツなど。ギンダラ科には他にアブラボウズが含まれるのみで、本種だけでギンダラ属Anoplopoma)を構成する。肉食の大型深海魚で、食用に漁獲される。

最大全長120 cm[1]。全身が黒褐色をしている。和名のとおり外見がタラによく似ているが、タラではなくアイナメホッケに近い魚である。下顎にひげがなく、背鰭が2基しかないことでタラ類と区別できる。ちなみにタラの背鰭は3基、アイナメやホッケの背鰭は1基である。食用として同じように扱われるメルルーサはタラ目・メルルーサ科、マジェランアイナメはスズキ目・ノトテニア科(ノトセニア科とも)の魚で、それぞれ分類が異なる。

特徴[編集]

体長は、1m を越え重量は、13kg 程度になる個体もある。食性は肉食性で、魚類甲殻類頭足類などなんでも食べる。寿命は20年以上とみられる。

分布[編集]

駿河湾北海道内浦湾以北からアリューシャン列島、アメリカ・カリフォルニア州沿岸までの北太平洋に分布する。特に大陸棚斜面と北東太平洋の海山付近の水深300-2000mほどの深海の泥底に生息する。冬に産卵し、孵化した稚魚は浅い海で生活するが、成長するにつれ深海で生活するようになる。分布密度には偏りがあり、アジア側で低くアラスカからカナダ沖合で高い。

人による利用[編集]

おもな漁法は、底引き網と延縄による。漁期は周年。 北太平洋での漁業は、19世紀後半に北米の漁民によって始められた。日本では北洋底引き網漁として1933年から本格的な船団による操業が始まった。戦争による中断を挟み、1954年に再開され、1962年には29,800tの漁獲があった。また、当時は大陸棚斜面で底引き網漁を行う技術は未熟で延縄漁が中心であった。1972年には、史上最高の56,000t を漁獲したが、1973年から漁獲量規制が導入され漁獲量は減少し、1977年の200海里の漁業規制実施以降も減少していった。

食材[編集]

大きな魚だけに丸のまま出回ることはほとんどなく、販売時には切り身となっている。肉は白身で脂肪分が多い。煮付け塩焼き粕漬け味噌漬けなど様々な料理で食べられる。

参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ FishBase_Anoplopoma fimbria

出典[編集]

関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ギンダラに関連するカテゴリがあります。

外部リンク[編集]

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ギンダラ: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語

ギンダラ (銀鱈、英: Sablefish、学名: Anoplopoma fimbria)は、カサゴ目ギンダラ科に属する魚類。別名、ナミアラ・ホクヨウムツなど。ギンダラ科には他にアブラボウズが含まれるのみで、本種だけでギンダラ属(Anoplopoma)を構成する。肉食の大型深海魚で、食用に漁獲される。

最大全長120 cm。全身が黒褐色をしている。和名のとおり外見がタラによく似ているが、タラではなくアイナメホッケに近い魚である。下顎にひげがなく、背鰭が2基しかないことでタラ類と区別できる。ちなみにタラの背鰭は3基、アイナメやホッケの背鰭は1基である。食用として同じように扱われるメルルーサはタラ目・メルルーサ科、マジェランアイナメはスズキ目・ノトテニア科(ノトセニア科とも)の魚で、それぞれ分類が異なる。

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은대구 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

은대구(Anoplopoma fimbria)는 농어목 은대구과에 속하는 물고기이다. 몸길이는 보통 60~80cm지만 은대구 중에서 큰 것은 1m를 넘은 중대형 어류에 속한다.

특징과 먹이

은대구는 이름에 대구가 들어가지만 대구와는 달리 대구목이 아닌 농어목인 어류이다. 같은 친척인 큰은대구에 비해선 몸집이 작은 것도 은대구의 특징이다. 두개의 등지느러미를 가지고 있고 등과 옆면은 어두운 회색을 하고 있으며 배는 흰색을 하고 있다. 또한 친척인 큰은대구와는 달리 몸에 하얀 반점이나 줄무늬가 없다. 먹이로는 멸치, 청어, 정어리 등의 작은물고기들과 오징어와 같은 두족류갑각류를 잡아먹는 육식성의 어류에 속한다.

서식지와 어획

은대구는 주로 북부 태평양에서 서식하며 일본북아메리카에 주로 서식한다. 주로 150~200m에서 서식하지만 깊게는 300m~2700m의 깊은 심해에서도 서식하는 물고기이다. 은대구는 먹을 수가 있는 식용의 물고기로서 일본캐나다, 미국에선 은대구가 식용으로 이용되며 은대구의 요리는 매우 귀한 별미로 취급된다.

같이 보기

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Diet ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
North Pacific: Bering Sea coasts of Kamchatka, Russia and Alaska southward to Hatsu Shima I., southern Japan and Cedros I., central Baja California, Mexico

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305-1,829 m depth. Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and nearshore waters.

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
benthic

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Known from seamounts and knolls

Arferiment

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.

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