Dolichopteryx longipes ist eine Tiefseefischart aus der Familie der Gespensterfische (Opisthoproctidae). Er kommt möglicherweise circumpolar zwischen 45° und 27° nördlicher Breite in Meerestiefen von 500 bis 2400 Metern vor. Nachgewiesen wurden die Fische u. a. im Kalifornienstrom und im Südchinesischen Meer.
Dolichopteryx longipes wird 18 cm lang, hat eine langgestreckte, hechtartige, großköpfige Gestalt mit einer Rücken- und Afterflosse, die kurz vor der Schwanzflosse sitzen. Seine Bauchflossen sind sehr lang und sitzen weit hinten. Die Rückenflosse wird von zehn bis elf, die Afterflosse von acht bis neun Flossenstrahlen gestützt. Eine Linie dunkler Chromatophoren erstreckt sich entlang der fast ventral gelegenen Seitenlinie. Dolichopteryx longipes hat 46 bis 47 Wirbel. Leuchtorgane fehlen.
Wie bei einigen anderen Gespensterfischen sind auch die Augen von Dolichopteryx longipes bemerkenswert und zeigen einige besondere Anpassungen. Neben Röhrenaugen, die mit einer Linse versehen und nach oben gerichtet sind, hat der Fisch Sekundäraugen, die von unten kommendes Licht auffangen, an einer kristallinen Spiegelschicht aus Guanin reflektieren und auf eine zweite Netzhaut werfen.
Dolichopteryx longipes ist eine mesopelagische Art, die für gewöhnlich unterhalb von 450 Metern lebt. Sie ernährt sich von kleinen Krebstieren, vor allem von Ruderfußkrebsen. Eier und Larven sind planktonisch.
Dolichopteryx longipes ist eine Tiefseefischart aus der Familie der Gespensterfische (Opisthoproctidae). Er kommt möglicherweise circumpolar zwischen 45° und 27° nördlicher Breite in Meerestiefen von 500 bis 2400 Metern vor. Nachgewiesen wurden die Fische u. a. im Kalifornienstrom und im Südchinesischen Meer.
The brownsnout spookfish or brown-snout spookfish (Dolichopteryx longipes) is a species of barreleye in the family Opisthoproctidae.[1][2][3] It and the glasshead barreleye fish are the only vertebrates known to employ a mirror, in addition to a lens, to focus an image in its eyes.[4][5] This species probably has a worldwide tropical and temperate distribution; in the Atlantic Ocean it is known from Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Pacific Ocean it is known from the California Current region and the South China Sea. It is found in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones at a depth of 500–2,400 meters (1,600–7,900 ft), but usually occurs below 1,000 meters (3,300 feet). In the Gulf of Mexico it is found shallower, at 310–460 meters (1,020–1,510 ft).[3][6]
The body of D. longipes is slender, the depth 12.6–14.3% of the standard length. The head comprises 29-32.4% of the standard length, with a long, pointed snout.[6] The eyes are cylindrical and face upward, with an accessory outgrowth to the side, and are covered with a silvery layer called the "argentea" for camouflage.[4] The upper jaw is toothless, and there is a single row of small teeth in the lower jaw. There are 13 fin rays in the pectoral fins, 10–11 rays in the dorsal fin, 8–9 rays in the pelvic fins, and 8–9 rays in the anal fin. The pelvic fins are elongated, and there may be an adipose fin. The body is transparent, covered by thin scales. There are four pairs of blotches on the peritoneal cavity beneath the gut, a line of chromatophores below the lateral line to the position of dorsal fin, and two blotches on the base of the tail. The snout is dusky in color.[6] The maximum known length is 18 cm (7.1 in).[3]
The diet of D. longipes consists primarily of copepods and other small crustaceans, though as food is scarce in the deep sea it may take anything it can catch.[5][3] Reproduction is oviparous, with pelagic eggs and larvae. The larvoid juveniles and adults are covered in a gelatinous sheath. Flexion (the curvature of the notochord in the formation of the caudal fin) occurs at around a standard length of 13 mm (0.51 in), and metamorphosis at a standard length of 30 mm (1.2 in). The pectoral and pelvic fins form early, as does the stomach on the left side.[7]
Adult D. longipes exhibit paedomorphic characteristics found in the juveniles of other opisthoproctids, such as poorly developed muscles (for example the lack of ventral muscles, meaning the gut is enclosed only by the peritoneum and the skin), rudimentary scales and coloration, and the placement of the pectoral and pelvic fins on peduncles that are not connected to the body by muscles. Developed gonads have been observed in a 36 mm (1.4 in) male and a 40 mm (1.6 in) female.[8] Their lifespan is 5 years.[7]
D. longipes is unusual in that it uses both refractive and reflective optics in sight. The main tubular eye contains a lateral ovoid swelling called a "diverticulum", largely separated from the eye by a septum. The retina lines most of the interior of the eye, and there are two corneal openings, one directed up and the other down, that allow light into the main eye and the diverticulum respectively. The main eye employs a lens to focus its image, as in other fishes. However, inside the diverticulum the light is reflected and focused onto the retina by a curved composite mirror derived from the retinal tapetum, composed of many layers of small reflective plates possibly made of guanine crystals, acting as the reflector equivalent of a Fresnel lens.[9] The split structure of the D. longipes eye allows the fish to see both up and down at the same time. In addition, the mirror system is superior to a lens in gathering light. It is likely that the main eye serves to detect objects silhouetted against the sunlight, while the diverticulum serves to detect bioluminescent flashes from the sides and below.[4]
The brownsnout spookfish or brown-snout spookfish (Dolichopteryx longipes) is a species of barreleye in the family Opisthoproctidae. It and the glasshead barreleye fish are the only vertebrates known to employ a mirror, in addition to a lens, to focus an image in its eyes. This species probably has a worldwide tropical and temperate distribution; in the Atlantic Ocean it is known from Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the Pacific Ocean it is known from the California Current region and the South China Sea. It is found in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zones at a depth of 500–2,400 meters (1,600–7,900 ft), but usually occurs below 1,000 meters (3,300 feet). In the Gulf of Mexico it is found shallower, at 310–460 meters (1,020–1,510 ft).
El pez duende de hocico marrón (Dolichopteryx longipes) es una especie de pez marino actinopterigio.[2][3] Su nombre viene del griego dolichos (largo) + pteryx (ala, aleta)[4] + longipes por sus largas aletas pélvicas.[5]
La longitud máxima descrita es de 18 cm.[2] Sin espinas en las aletas, con radios blandos de 10 a 11 en la aleta dorsal y 8 a 9 en la anal, cuerpo deprimido, las aletas pectorales son cortas y las aletas ventrales largas, cabeza relativamente grande, no tiene órganos de luz ventrales pero sí una línea de cromatóforo oscuros a lo largo del cuerpo por debajo de la línea lateral.[6]
Es un pez marino batipelágico de aguas profundas, oceanódromo,[7] que vive en un rango de profundidad entre 500 y 2.400 metros.[8] Se distribuye de forma probablemente muy amplia por aguas tropicales y templadas del norte del océano Atlántico[9] y norte del océano Pacífico, abundante en California[10] y el mar de la China Meridional.[8]
Se alimentan principalmente de pequeños crustáceos, en particular los copépodos.[5] Ovíparo, las larvas son plantónicas.[10]
El pez duende de hocico marrón (Dolichopteryx longipes) es una especie de pez marino actinopterigio. Su nombre viene del griego dolichos (largo) + pteryx (ala, aleta) + longipes por sus largas aletas pélvicas.
Dolichopteryx longipes Dolichopteryx generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Opisthoproctidae familian sailkatzen da.
Dolichopteryx longipes Dolichopteryx generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Opisthoproctidae familian sailkatzen da.
Dolichopteryx longipes est un poisson des abysses ayant la particularité d'utiliser des miroirs pour focaliser la lumière, et non uniquement un cristallin comme chez les autres vertébrés connus. Il possède en effet une paire d'yeux dont chacun est divisé en un lobe équipé d'un cristallin (ouvert côté dorsal) et un lobe équipé pour former une image par réflexion (ouvert côté ventral)[1].
Schéma d'un œil bilobé de Dolichopteryx longipes. 1 : lobe ouvert côté ventrale ;a : rétine ;b : couche réfléchissante ;2 : lobe ouvert côté dorsal ;c : cristallin ;d : rétine. Dolichopteryx longipes est un poisson des abysses ayant la particularité d'utiliser des miroirs pour focaliser la lumière, et non uniquement un cristallin comme chez les autres vertébrés connus. Il possède en effet une paire d'yeux dont chacun est divisé en un lobe équipé d'un cristallin (ouvert côté dorsal) et un lobe équipé pour former une image par réflexion (ouvert côté ventral).
Dolichopteryx longipes is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van hemelkijkers (Opisthoproctidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1888 door Vaillant.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
O Dolichopteryx longipes é uma espécie de peixe que vive no fundo do Oceano Pacífico e, de acordo com estudos realizados na Universidade de Tübingen, na Alemanha, trata-se do único animal vertebrado que desenvolveu espelhos para enxergar em ambientes com pouca luz, buscando flashes da luz bioluminescente de outros animais.[1]
O Dolichopteryx longipes é uma espécie de peixe que vive no fundo do Oceano Pacífico e, de acordo com estudos realizados na Universidade de Tübingen, na Alemanha, trata-se do único animal vertebrado que desenvolveu espelhos para enxergar em ambientes com pouca luz, buscando flashes da luz bioluminescente de outros animais.
长头胸翼魚，為輻鰭魚綱水珍魚目後肛魚科的其中一種，為深海魚類，分布於全球溫帶與熱帶海域，棲息深度500-2400公尺，體長可達18公分，棲息在大洋區，以小型甲殼類為食，生活習性不明。
