dcsimg

Associations ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

There is no information about predation on Sowerby's beaked whales. Once they reach their adult size it is likely that they are protected from much predation. Killer whales and large sharks may target Sowerby's beaked whales.

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Mesoplodon bidens is bluish grey to slate grey in color, with a lighter underside, grey and white spots may be present on the body with limited scaring. Mesoplodon bidens have a long slender beak that contains a pair of teeth midway up the lower jaw. They have a long think body, long flippers for the Mesoplodon family, and no notch in the fluke. The dorsal fin is quite small with a rounded tip and may appear falcate. Young M. bidens have a light blusih grey to white underside, more prominant than in adults.

Range mass: 1000 to 1300 kg.

Range length: 5 to 5.5 m.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Life Expectancy ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

The is no data on the lifespan in M. bidens.

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sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Sowerby's beaked whales are found in cool to warm temperate offshore waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. They are usually observed in open water and most often seen in areas were depths range from 198 to 1524 m.

Range depth: 198 to 1524 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; saltwater or marine

Aquatic Biomes: pelagic

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drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Sowerby's beaked whales are found in temperate to sub arctic waters in the eastern and western North Atlantic. They are found around the British Isles and are known to occur from Newfoundland to Massachusetts. Sowerby's beaked whales occur as far north as Labrador in the west and in the Norwegian Sea in the east, southern limit is thought to be somewhere between 33ºN and 41ºN.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Native ); atlantic ocean (Native )

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sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

The diet of Sowerby's beaked whales consists mostly of squid, octopus, and fish. A necropsy of one individual showed stomach contents that included bottom-dwelling and deep water fish.

Animal Foods: fish; mollusks

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore , Molluscivore )

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Associations ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Little is known about the role of Sowerby's beaked whales in the northern Atlantic ecosystem. They are undoubtedly predators of marine organisms.

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sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Sowerby's beaked whales were once infrequently harvested by Norwegian whalers. They are no longer hunted actively.

Positive Impacts: food

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Sowerby's beaked whales are occasionally caught in fishing gear, damaging nets in the process. Arguably this is more traumatic for the whales than fishing crews.

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

There is very little data on Sowerby's beaked whales. As a result there is little information on population sizes, current or historic, to determine conservation status. This species is rarely seen in the open ocean, most records are from strandings.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix ii

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: data deficient

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sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Behavior ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

A young animal, that was kept in a dolphinarium for a few hours, was recorded using high frequency sound pulses to echolocate.

Communication Channels: acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; echolocation ; chemical

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drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

As with all beaked whales (Ziphiidae) there is very little data on M. bidens. This species was the first of the beaked whales to be described. It was described by John Sowerby in 1804.

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drit d'autor
The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

fornì da Animal Diversity Web

Nothing is known about the mating systems of M. bidens.

Little in known about general reproductive behavior of M. bidens. Mating is thought to occur in late winter, with births late in spring and gestation lasting about 12 months. Young are about 2.4 to 2.7 meters in length and weigh about 185 kg.

Breeding interval: Breeding interval is not known for Sowerby's beaked whales.

Breeding season: Mating is thought to occur in late winter.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 12 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Sowerby's beaked whale females provide milk for their young and protect them. There is no other available information on parental investment.

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
sitassion bibliogràfica
Mortensen, R. 2007. "Mesoplodon bidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mesoplodon_bidens.html
autor
Rachel Mortensen, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
editor
Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web

Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da Ecomare
Er zijn wereldwijd veel soorten spitssnuitdolfijnen, die veel op elkaar lijken. Van deze geheimzinnige dolfijnen is heel weinig bekend, ze zijn erg schuw. In de Noordzee wordt de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn het meeste gezien. In het uiterste noorden van de Noordzee komt deze spitssnuitdolfijn zelfs regelmatig voor, maar in het zuiden is hij zeldzaam. De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn komt vooral voor in de noordelijke Atlantische Oceaan en ook in de Middellandse Zee.
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Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da Ecomare
Worldwide, there are many species of beaked whales, all looking very much alike. There is hardly anything known about these mysterious whales, except that they are very shy. In the North Sea, Sowerby's beaked whales are seen most often. They are even found regularly in the extreme northern part of the North Sea, but are rarely observed in the south. In general, Sowerby's are found mostly in the northern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Sowerby's beaked whales are distributed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean (30-71° North), which includes the Norwegian Sea, Labrador Sea, Iceland, Baltic Sea, and south to Massachusetts, Madeira, and the Canaries. Reports of this species in Canadian waters are considered rare. They are not known to occur in the Mediterranean Sea. Strandings have occurred in Florida and Italy, but these are considered outside their normal range. Their distribution may vary depending on the movements of oceanographic currents. There are no known seasonal movements or migrations for this species. Population Trends
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Sowerby's beaked whales prefer the deep, cold temperate and subarctic waters of the North Atlantic Ocean, but have been reported near the ice pack as well.
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Species Description Weight: 2,200-2,900 lbs (1,000-1,315 kg) Length: 14.5-21 ft (4.5-5.5 m) Appearance: small to medium-sized charcoal gray body with a very long, slender beak and a bulge on the forehead area Lifespan: unknown, but sexually mature at around 7 years Diet: small fish like Atlantic cod and cephalopods like squid Behavior: they have a low profile at the surface and a small, inconspicuous blow, making them difficult to observe and identify at sea Sowerby's beaked whales, sometimes known as the "North Atlantic beaked whale," are little known members of the beaked whale family (Ziphiidae). As adults, Sowerby's beaked whales can reach estimated lengths of 14.5-21 ft (4.4-5.5 m) and weigh 2,200-2,900 lbs (1,000-1,318 kg). Males, which are generally larger, can be distinguished from females and juveniles by a pair of visible teeth that erupt from the slightly arched lower jaw. Females and juveniles have teeth as well, but the teeth remain hidden beneath the gum tissue of the mouth, and their jawline is straight. This species of beaked whale is difficult to observe and identify at sea due to a low profile at the surface and a small, inconspicuous blow. Sowerby's beaked whales have a small to medium-sized body with a very long, slender beak relative to other mesoplodonts, as well as a bulge on the forehead area. The beak often emerges at a steep angle when surfacing. They have a small, wide-based, slightly "falcate" "dorsal" fin located far down (about two-thirds) the animal's back. Most of the body has a charcoal gray coloration with a pale underside. The lower jaw is usually light gray or white. Calves are generally darker than adults. This species has less visible scarring than most other beaked whale species. Many species of beaked whales (especially those in the genus Mesoplodon) are very difficult to distinguish from one another (even when dead). At sea, they are challenging to observe and identify to the species level due to their cryptic, skittish behavior, a low profile, and a small, inconspicuous blow at the waters surface; therefore, much of the available characterization for beaked whales is to genus level only. Uncertainty regarding species identification of beaked whales often exists because of a lack of easily discernable or distinct physical characteristics. Sowerby's whales are usually found individually or in small, closely associated groups averaging between 3-10 individuals. Regular dives range from 10-15 minutes, but dives of at least 28 minutes reaching depths up to 4,920 ft (1,500 m) have been recorded. While diving, they use suction to feed on small fish (e.g., Atlantic cod) and cephalopods (e.g., squid) in deep waters. Sowerby's beaked whales may reach sexual maturity at about 7 years of age. Their breeding season may be from late winter to spring. A sexually mature female will give birth to a single newborn calf that is about 8-9 ft (2.4-2.7 m) long and weighs about 375 lbs (170 kg). The estimated lifespan of this species is unknown.
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Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed on 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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Did you know? ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
• Sowerby's beaked whale was the first living species of beaked whale to be discovered. • Sowerby's beaked whale's scientific species name (bidens) is derived from the Latin word bi for "two" and dens for "teeth.
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Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed on 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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External Morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Head Shape Melon is convex, though not bulbous and is defined posteriorly by the indentation at the blowhole. The forehead merges seamlessly to the long, narrow beak. The mouthline is sinusoidal, but not strongly arched. Coloration Dorsal coloration is bluish-gray or slate. Sides are lighter, grading to a white ventral surface. Gray or white scars, visible as linear streaks or round / oval spots, may be distributed irregularly on sides. This pattern is the same for both sexes. Size Adult body length ranges between 4.5 to 5.5 m. Recorded maximum body length for adult males and females is 5.5 m and 5.2 m, respectively. Body length at birth is 2.4 m. Most Likely Confused With: Mesoplodon europaeus Mesoplodon mirus
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Population Trends ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
For management purposes, Sowerby's beaked whales inhabiting U.S. waters have been placed in the Western North Atlantic stock. No current population estimates are available for this species of beaked whale. The status of the stock is unknown, but is classified as "strategic." This species may be relatively abundant in the North Sea. There are insufficient data to determine the population trends for this species, but they are probably not rare.
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Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed on 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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Skull morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Diagnostic features of the skull and mandible On the vertex of the dorsal skull, the premaxillary bone extends forward of the nasal and frontal. Separates from Berardius and Ziphius. A sulcus (groove) running along the middle of the combined surfaces of the nasal bones so depresses their middle that it is the lateral portion of each nasal bone that reaches farthest forward on the vertex. Separates from Tasmacetus and Indopacetus. When the skull is upright and the long axis of the anterior half of the beak is horizontal, a horizontal plane transecting the summit of either maxillary prominence transects the mesethmoid bone. Separates from Hyperoodon. Tooth alveoli of mandible overlap or are positioned slightly anterior to the mandibular symphysis. Separates from Berardius, Ziphius, Tasmacetus, Indopacetus, Hyperoodon, M. hectori, M. mirus, M. perrini, M. densirostris, M. ginkgodens, M. peruvianus, and M. stejnegeri Basirostral groove absent or present as a shallow groove that does not extend past the prominental notch. Separates from M. grayi and M. layardii. The maxillary prominences rise less than 10 mm higher than the height of the premaxillaries where the latter passes between the former. Separates from M. bowdoini, M. carlhubbsi, and M. europaeus.
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Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Marine Mammal Program
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Sowerby's Beaked Whale Range ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Map showing Sowerby's Beaked Whale range

Stranding Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Found in the temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Stranding records are more common in the eastern North Atlantic, with the bulk of stranding records from the British Isles and North Sea. The northern limit in the eastern Atlantic extends to 71o 30’ N in the Norwegian Sea; the western Atlantic range extends to Labrador. The southern limit lies between 33o and 41o N. Stranding records from Florida are probably extralimital. Water depths where sightings have occurred range from 200 to 1500 m.
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Threats ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
By catch from fishing gear, such as driftnets and gillnets off the U.S. Atlantic coast Hunting, cetaceans are targeted in Newfoundland and by Norwegian whalers off of Iceland and in the Barents Sea Underwater sounds and anthropogenic noise - anthropogenic noise levels in the world's oceans are an increasing habitat concern, particularly for deep-diving cetaceans like Sowerby's beaked whales that use sound to feed, communicate, and navigate in the ocean
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens). NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/beakedwhale_sowerbys.htm. Accessed on 23 Jan 2014.
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J Medby (jamiemedby)
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Tooth morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors
Tooth position A single pair of teeth is positioned midway between the apex of the beak and the posterior end of the mouth. Tooth exposure Erupted teeth in adult males are covered by gum tissue, with only the tip of tooth exposed. Teeth do not erupt in females or juveniles. Tooth shape In lateral profile, the anterior margin is weakly sinusoidal (convex proximally, concave distally) and is longer than the strongly convex posterior margin. A denticle is positioned at the top of the anterior edge of the tooth. When the denticle is not excessively worn, it extends well past the antero-dorsal edge of the tooth.
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Size ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
Males reach lengths of at least 5.5 m and females, 5.1 m. Newborns average 2.4 m.
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
autor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
Sowerby's beaked whales have the typical Mesoplodon body shape, but tend to have a very long (for Mesoplodon) beak and a bulge on the forehead. The 2 teeth of adult males erupt from the middle of the lower jaw, and are visible outside the closed mouth, although they are not particularly large. Coloration is not well known, but generally appears charcoal grey, with a lighter belly. White or light grey spots are common on the body of adults; however, young animals have less spotting. Can be confused with: Sowerby's beaked whales might be confused with other species of Mesoplodon and even bulls would be nearly impossible to distinguish at sea from related species. The limited distribution will help narrow the choices.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
autor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
Almost nothing is known of the natural history of this species beyond what has been learned from strandings, which have involved singles and pairs.Sowerby's beaked whales feed on squid and small fish. The breeding season appears to be late winter to spring.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
autor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
Some are known to have been taken in Newfoundland in a small-scale fishery. IUCN: Insufficiently known.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
autor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Mezoplodon Sowerby ( Breton )

fornì da wikipedia BR

Mezoplodon Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) a zo ur morvil dantek.

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Tiriad mezoplodon Sowerby.
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Mezoplodon Sowerby ha den keñver-ha-keñver.
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Zífid de Sowerby ( Catalan; Valensian )

fornì da wikipedia CA
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Aquest article o secció no cita les fonts o necessita més referències per a la seva verificabilitat.

El zífid de Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) és una espècie de cetaci odontocet. Fou el primer zífid a ser descrit. El seu nom, bidens, es refereix a les dues dents que té a la mandíbula, una característica que avui en dia se sap que és molt comuna en el seu gènere. Viu en aigües temperades-fredes de l'oceà Atlàntic nord.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Zífid de Sowerby Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Morfil Gylfinog Sowerby ( Galèis )

fornì da wikipedia CY

Mamal sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Ziphiidae ydy'r Morfil Gylfinog Sowerby sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: morfilod gylfinog Sowerby (Lladin: Mesoplodon bidens; Saesneg: Sowerby's beaked whale).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop, Môr y Gogledd, y Môr Du, y Môr Canoldir a Chefnfor yr Iwerydd ac ar adegau mae i'w ganfod ger arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Heb ei gwerthuso' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth gan nad oes data digonol.[1]

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan www.marinespecies.org; adalwyd 4 Mai 2014
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Morfil Gylfinog Sowerby: Brief Summary ( Galèis )

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Mamal sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Ziphiidae ydy'r Morfil Gylfinog Sowerby sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: morfilod gylfinog Sowerby (Lladin: Mesoplodon bidens; Saesneg: Sowerby's beaked whale).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop, Môr y Gogledd, y Môr Du, y Môr Canoldir a Chefnfor yr Iwerydd ac ar adegau mae i'w ganfod ger arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Heb ei gwerthuso' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth gan nad oes data digonol.

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Næbhval ( Danèis )

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Almindelig næbhval eller blot næbhval (Mesoplodon bidens) er en 4-5 meter lang sort tandhval, med en delfinagtig kropsform. Den vejer 1-1,3 ton. Som alle andre næbhvaler i slægten Mesoplodon er det kun hannen, der har tænder og kun en i hver underkæbe.

Udbredelse

Den er udbredt i hele Nordatlanten, hvor den ofte findes på dybt vand i forbindelse med oceaniske øer og undervandsbjerge. Den er bl.a. regelmæssigt forekommende i farvandet mellem De kanariske Øer. Almindelig næbhval er den eneste næbhval der kendes fra danske farvande. Her er den kendt fra 9 strandinger, senest ved LundeborgFyn i 1969, hvor et eksemplar på 5 meter drev i land og ved Stenderup Hage i Lillebælt i 1992.

Indtil 2006 havde man kun sparsom viden om næbhvalen. I 2006 opdagede blandt andre danske forskere at næbhvaler jager bl.a. dybhavsblæksprutter ved hjælp af ekkolokalisering på mellem 800 og 2.000 meter dybt vand. Næbhvaler kan være neddykket i op til 90 minutter. Næbhvalen lever omkring 95% af sit liv i neddykket tilstand og i de fleste tilfælde langt fra kontinentalsoklen. Dette blev opdaget ved at sætte måleudstyr på hvalen. Dette giver næbhvalen rekorden for det dybeste dyk kendt blandt pattedyr (2006). Kaskelothvalen er observeret på lignende dybder, men der er endnu ikke registrerede dyk der overgår den foreløbige rekord målt for næbhvalen.

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Henvisninger

Referencer

  1. ^ Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Mesoplodon bidens. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Hentet den 5 December 2010.
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Næbhval: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

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Almindelig næbhval eller blot næbhval (Mesoplodon bidens) er en 4-5 meter lang sort tandhval, med en delfinagtig kropsform. Den vejer 1-1,3 ton. Som alle andre næbhvaler i slægten Mesoplodon er det kun hannen, der har tænder og kun en i hver underkæbe.

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Sowerby-Zweizahnwal ( Alman )

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Der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal (Mesoplodon bidens), auch als Nordsee-Schnabelwal oder Flosser bezeichnet, ist eine Walart aus der Familie der Schnabelwale (Ziphiidae). Diese wurde 1804 als erste Walart aus der Gattung der Zweizahnwale entdeckt und erhielt ihren Namen nach ihrem Erstbeschreiber James Sowerby.

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Sowerby-Zweizahnwales.

Der Sowerby-Zweizahnwale ist über weite Teile des nördlichen Atlantik verbreitet. Im Westen reicht ihr Verbreitungsgebiet von Labrador bis Neuengland; den Schwerpunkt ihres Auftretens bildet jedoch der östliche Atlantik, wo die Tiere an den europäischen und nordafrikanischen Atlantikküsten von Island, Großbritannien und Irland sowie Norwegen bis Madeira und den Azoren verbreitet sind.[1] Auch in der Nordsee kommen sie vor sowie möglicherweise auch im östlichen Mittelmeer, wo die Art allerdings erst einmal dokumentiert angetroffen wurde.[1]

Mit mehr als 150 Strandungen, die meisten davon vor den Britischen Inseln, gehört die Art zu den am besten belegten Arten ihrer Familie, Sichtungen lebender Tiere sind jedoch wie bei allen Zweizahnwalen selten.

Beschreibung

Sowerby-Zweizahnwale können eine Länge von etwa 4,5 bis zu 5,5 Metern und ein Gewicht von bis zu 1,5 Tonnen erreichen.[1] Der Körper der Tiere ist spindelförmig mit dem größten Durchmesser etwa im Bereich der Körpermitte. Sie sind an der Oberseite dunkelblau, dunkelgrau oder fast schwarz gefärbt, die Unterseite und die Flanken sind heller. Der Körper älterer Männchen kann von langen, unpigmentierten Narbenlinien bedeckt sein, die Rivalenkämpfen entstammen. Der Schnauzenbereich und der Unterkiefer bilden eine schnabelähnliche lange Schnauze. Aus dieser ragen bei erwachsenen Männchen zwei dreieckige und stoßzahnähnliche Zähne aus dem Unterkiefer, bei Weibchen und Jungtieren sind diese bei geschlossenem Maul nicht sichtbar. Im Bereich der Kehle befinden sich zwei deutliche Gruben Diese Walart hat sehr kleine Flipper und eine kleine, sichelförmige Finne, die wie bei allen Schnabelwalen weit hinten am Körper sitzt, die verhältnismäßig breite Fluke ist am Rand gebogen und hat keine Mittelkerbe. Der Schwanzstiel ist seitlich abgeflacht.[1]

Lebensweise

Diese Wale sind Bewohner offener und tiefer Meeresbereich. Sie bevorzugen Gebiete mit einer Wassertiefe von 500 bis 2000 Metern, üblicherweise im Bereich von stark strukturierten Meeresbodenregionen, unterseeischen Gebirgen und am Kontinentalabhang. Die Tiere leben vor allem in kälteren Wasserbereichen mit Maximaltemperaturen von bis zu 15° Celsius.[1] Über die Gruppengröße gibt es unterschiedliche Angaben. Neben Sichtungen von paarweise lebenden Tieren (und paarweisen Strandungen) gibt es auch Berichte über Schulen, die aus drei bis zehn Tieren bestehen, darunter auch mehrere Männchen. Man geht davon aus, dass Gruppengrößen von bis zu 10 Tieren existieren, die meisten Schulen jedoch maximal 5 Tiere umfassen.[1]

Die Wale fressen vorwiegend kleinere Tintenfische und in der Tiefsee und am Meeresboden lebende Fische. Dabei ist der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal eine der wenigen Arten, für die dokumentiert ist, dass der Anteil der Fisch am Nahrungsspektrum größer ist als der von Tiefseetintenfischen. Sie bevorzugen Fischarten der tieferen pelagialen und benthischen Zone, darunter vor allem in der Tiefsee lebende Dorsche. Die Beutetiere erreichen Längen von 1 bis 6 % der Körperlänge der Wale, der größte Teil zwischen 2 und 3 %. Die Jagd findet entsprechend dem Nahrungsspektrum vor allem in größeren Meerestiefen statt, angenommen werden 500 bis fast 3000 Meter Wassertiefe. Dabei können die Tauchgänge über eine Stunde andauern bevor die Wale zum Atmen an die Oberfläche kommen.[1]

Männliche Tiere sind an ihren Narben am Rücken und an den Flanken leicht zu erkennen. Diese Narben rühren von Rivalenkämpfen her, die die Tiere mit ihren hervorragenden Zähnen austragen. Über die Paarung und die Fortpflanzung der Tiere liegen wie bei allen Schnabelwalen kaum Informationen vor. Man geht davon aus, dass die Paarungen und Geburten saisonal sind und die Geburten nach einer Tragzeit von etwa 12 Monaten im Frühjahr stattfinden.[1]

Systematik

Der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal ist eine eigenständige Art der Zweizahnwale (Mesoplodon) innerhalb der Zahnwale,[2] Er wurde 1804 von James Sowerby anhand eines Individuums, das an der schottischen Küste bei Elgin strandete, als Physeter bidens beschrieben und damit den Pottwalen zugeordnet. 1817 beschrieb Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville mit Delphinus sowerbensis eine weitere Art, auf deren Basis 1850 die Beschreibung und Etablierung der eigenständigen Gattung Mesoplodon durch Paul Gervais erfolgte. Delphinus sowerbensis wurde später mit Physeter bidens synonymisiert, wodurch der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal die Typusart für die Gattung wurde.[2]

Innerhalb der Art werden keine Unterarten unterschieden.[1][2]

Gefährdung

Aufgrund der sehr wenigen Daten zu den Beständen und Bestandsentwicklungen der Tiere wird der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal von der IUCN keiner Gefährdungskategorie zugeordnet, sondern als „data deficient“ gelistet.[3] Man nimmt an, dass die Art nicht vom Aussterben bedroht ist, sie könnte jedoch gefährdet sein. Sie sind nicht durch den kommerziellen Walfang bedroht, auch wenn Einzeltiere in der Vergangenheit von Walfängern getötet wurden. Allerdings geraten sie wahrscheinlich gelegentlich als Beifang in die Netze der Fischer.[3]

Vor allem in den letzten Jahren wurde der Einfluss von Unterwassergeräuschen, vor allem von unterseeisch eingesetzten Sonar und von Sprengungen auf verschiedene Wale, auch Schnabelwale untersucht und diskutiert. Es gibt deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass diese Lärmemissionen einen Einfluss auf Wale haben und unter anderem bei Delfinen und auch Schnabelwalen zu Strandungen führen. Inwieweit diese Emissionen den Sowerby-Zweizahwal betreffen ist nicht bekannt, es ist jedoch anzunehmen, dass er ebenfalls betroffen ist.[3] Zudem wurden in verschiedenen gestrandeten Walen Plastikreste gefunden, die auch als konkrete Todesursache in Einzelfällen diskutiert wurden.[3]

Der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal ist auf dem Appendix II des Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen (CITES) aufgenommen.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h i „Sowerby's Beaked Whale.“ In: C.D. MacLeod: Family Ziphiidae (Beaked Whales) In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 4. Sea Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2014; S. 356. ISBN 978-84-96553-93-4.
  2. a b c Mesoplodon bidens. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. a b c d e Mesoplodon bidens in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2006. Eingestellt von: B.L. Taylor, R. Baird, J. Barlow, S.M. Dawson, J. Ford, J.G. Mead, G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, P. Wade, R.L. Pitman, 1996. Abgerufen am 23. Mai 2020.

Literatur

  • „Sowerby's Beaked Whale.“ In: C.D. MacLeod: Family Ziphiidae (Beaked Whales) In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 4. Sea Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2014; S. 356. ISBN 978-84-96553-93-4.

Weblinks

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Sowerby-Zweizahnwal: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Sowerby-Zweizahnwal (Mesoplodon bidens), auch als Nordsee-Schnabelwal oder Flosser bezeichnet, ist eine Walart aus der Familie der Schnabelwale (Ziphiidae). Diese wurde 1804 als erste Walart aus der Gattung der Zweizahnwale entdeckt und erhielt ihren Namen nach ihrem Erstbeschreiber James Sowerby.

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Sowerby's nebbed whaul ( Scossèis )

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Sowerby's nebbed whaul is a sea mammal found aff the shores o Scotland an ootower the north Atlantic Ocean.

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Morvil Gelvin Sowerby ( Córnich )

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Morvil gelvin Sowerby yw enyval-mor, kevys en Kernow ha north Keynvor Iwerydh.

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Sowerby's beaked whale ( Anglèis )

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Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens), also known as the North Atlantic or North Sea beaked whale, is a species of toothed whale. It was the first mesoplodont whale to be described. James Sowerby, an English naturalist and artist, first described the species in 1804 from a skull obtained from a male that had stranded in the Moray Firth, Scotland, in 1800. He named it bidens, which derives from the two teeth present in the jaw, now known to be a very common feature among the genus.[3]

Physical description

Sowerby's beaked whale has a typical body shape for the genus, and is mainly distinguished by the male's dual teeth positioned far back in the mouth. The whale's beak is moderately long, and the melon is slightly convex. The colouration pattern is a grey with light countershading on the bottom, and frequently has cookie cutter shark bites and scars from teeth (in males). The whale reaches 5 metres (16 ft) in females and 5.5 metres (18 ft) in males, with a weight of 1000-1300 kilograms (2200-2900 lb). The gestation period lasts for 12 months and the young are born at a length of 2.4 to 2.7 metres (8 to 9 ft) with a weight of around 185 kilograms (400 lb).

Diet

The diet of Sowerby's beaked whales consists primarily of small mesopelagic and benthopelagic fish, with cephalopods accounting for a much smaller proportion of the diet.[4]

Population and distribution

Sowerby's beaked whale ranges from Nantucket to Labrador in the western North Atlantic and from Madeira to the Norwegian Sea in the eastern North Atlantic. They typically range in waters 200 to 1,500 metres (650 to 5,000 ft) deep. No population estimates have been made. In 1991, there were about 90 records of the species, 80 from the eastern North Atlantic and less than ten from the western North Atlantic; the majority of the records are from around the British Isles.[5]

On 10 January 2009, a female Sowerby's beaked whale was found at the port of Fethiye on the Aegean coast of Turkey, far away from her natural habitat. The whale was successfully saved and released back to the open sea.[6]

On 25 July 2015, biologists with the New England Aquarium investigated the death of a beaked whale in Massachusetts. The carcass of the 17-foot (5.2 m) long female, which weighed almost 1 short ton (0.91 t), was found on Plymouth Long Beach in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Biologists from the aquarium and the International Fund for Animal Welfare said they would perform a necrospy at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The whale was initially identified as a Sowerby's beaked whale, but the aquarium said a more thorough examination and consultation with additional experts was needed as staff had not seen a beaked whale since 2006.[7]

On 26 October 2018, a 4.2-metre (14 ft) whale was found beached near the town of Saltdean, on the UK coast. The carcass was subsequently taken to the Natural History Museum, London for post-mortem.[8] On 29 August 2019, a stranded whale was rescued from Dungarvan Bay, in southeast Ireland.[9] On the 4th July 2020, a whale became disorientated and strayed into Wicklow, harbour on the east coast of Ireland but was later discovered dead on Wicklow, beach.[10]

On 21 August 2020, a 3.86-metre (12.66 ft) female Sowerby's beaked whale washed up on the shore of a beach in Caister-on-Sea, Norfolk. Emergency services assisted the whale out to sea in an attempt to encourage the animal to live. Unfortunately the next morning a report was received to suggest the whale was stranded and deceased at Lowestoft, on the UK coast, following reported sights of 2 whales in the nearby towns of Brancaster and Blakeney in Norfolk earlier in the month.[11]

On successive days in October 2020, two Sowerby's beaked whales were washed up on separate beaches in East Lothian. Both animals died.[12] The necropsy revealed that one of the whales had an unusually high density of small gas bubbles in the lung tissue, and both whales showed signs of gas emboli in the mesenteric arteries. These symptoms are often associated with decompression sickness, however it was not clear if this was the cause in this case. The MOD later revealed that, one day before the first whale stranded, airborne ASW sonar exercises had been carried out within 80nm of the stranding sites. There was not enough evidence from the necropsy to confirm decompression sickness as the cause of death, so the Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme still consider these as live strandings. However, given the otherwise good physical health of the beaked whales combined with the unusual proximity in both time and location of their strandings, the use of sonar in the surrounding area should still be considered a possible factor in the stranding.[13]

Behaviour

A whale breaching

Sowerby's beaked whales are reclusive creatures that stay away from ships and are rarely sighted. The whales are occasionally seen in groups of up to 10 individuals (males, females, and calves) and have been known to strand in groups as well. They hunt at depths greater than 500m, and dive to more than 1000m while foraging. Their swimming and diving behaviours are more similar to deep-diving delphinids such as Risso’s dolphins and pilot whales than to other mesoplodonts. Compared to Blainville’s beaked whales, a mesoplodont of similar body size, Sowerby’s beaked whales swim faster while descending and while actively foraging. Their dives are also relatively short and generally last between 30 and 40 minutes. Sowerby’s beaked whales cover long distances between dives by swimming at speed just below the surface of the water, as opposed to the typical beaked whale strategy, where time near the surface is minimised by travelling on shallow dives at depths between 100 and 200m.[14]

Conservation

Skull of Sowerby's beaked whale.

The species has been hunted infrequently by Norwegians, but such practices have long since been abandoned. There are some deaths due to entanglement in fishing gear, but it is unlikely to be very damaging to the species. Sowerby's beaked whale is covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS)[15] and the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS).[16] The species is further included in the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia (Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU).[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pitman, R.L.; Brownell Jr.; R.L. (2020). "Mesoplodon bidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13241A50363686. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T13241A50363686.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Sharks and Whales (Carwardine et al. 2002), p. 358.
  4. ^ Pereira, J.N.; Neves, V.C.; Prieto, R.; Silva, M.A.; Cascao, I.; Oliveira, C.; Cruz, M.J.; Medeiros, J.V.; Barreiros, J.P.; Porteiro, F.M.; Clarke, D. (November 2011). "Diet of mid-Atlantic Sowerby's beaked whales Mesoplondon bidens". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 58 (11): 1084–1090. Bibcode:2011DSRI...58.1084P. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.08.004. hdl:10400.3/1574.
  5. ^ Klinowska, M. (1991). Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Cambridge, U.K.: IUCN.
  6. ^ Hürriyet daily newspaper: "Balinaymış". Published on January 12, 2009. Retrieved on January 12, 2009.
  7. ^ Caspari, Sarah (July 26, 2015). "Rarely seen beaked whale washes ashore in Massachusetts". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved July 26, 2015.
  8. ^ "Sad scenes as rare 14-foot whale washes up on beach". October 27, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  9. ^ Aherne, Sinead (30 August 2019). "Unusual rescue for County Waterford lifeboat crew". WLR FM. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  10. ^ O hOchtun, Ceaneacht (4 July 2020). "Whale in Wicklow harbour dies". Wicklow News. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  11. ^ "Rarely sighted whale washes up on Lowestoft beach". ITV News. 2020-08-22. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
  12. ^ "Two rare whales wash up and die on two beaches in East Lothian".
  13. ^ "SMASS Annual Report 2020" (PDF).
  14. ^ Visser, F.; Oudejans, M.G.; Keller, O.A.; Madsen, P.T.; Johnson, M. (12 May 2022). "Sowerby's beaked whale biosonar and movement strategy indicate deep-sea foraging niche differentiation in mesoplodont whales". Journal of Experimental Biology. 225 (9): jeb243728. doi:10.1242/jeb.243728.
  15. ^ Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas
  16. ^ Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
  17. ^ Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia

References

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Sowerby's beaked whale: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens), also known as the North Atlantic or North Sea beaked whale, is a species of toothed whale. It was the first mesoplodont whale to be described. James Sowerby, an English naturalist and artist, first described the species in 1804 from a skull obtained from a male that had stranded in the Moray Firth, Scotland, in 1800. He named it bidens, which derives from the two teeth present in the jaw, now known to be a very common feature among the genus.

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Nordmara mezoplodo ( Esperant )

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La Nordmara mezoplodo, Dudenta mezoplodoBekobaleno de Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens), konata ankaŭ kiel Nordatlantika aŭ Nordmara bekobaleno, estas specio de dentobaleno. Ĝi estis la unua mezoplodo kiu iĝis priskribita. James Sowerby, angla naturalisto kaj artisto, por la unua fojo priskribis la specion en 1804 el kranio akirita el masklo kiu estis surstrandigita en Moray Firth, Skotlando, en 1800. Li nomis ĝin bidens, kiu derivas el la du dentoj de la makzelo, nune konata kiel tre ofta trajto en tiu genro.[1]

Fizika priskribo

 src=
Profilo de ina plenkreskulo.

La Nordmara mezoplodo havas la tipan korpoformon de la genro, kaj estas distingita ĉefe pere de la duobla dento de la masklo situa tre malantaŭe en la buŝo. La beko estas mezlonga, kaj la melono estas iom konveksa. La kolormodelo estas griza kun hela kontraŭluo sube, kaj ofte videblas mordoj de ŝarkoj kaj cikatroj el dentoj (en maslloj). Tiu baleno atingas 5 metrojn ĉe inoj kaj 5.5 metrojn ĉe maskloj, kun pezo de 1000-1300 kilogramoj. La gravedperiodo daŭras 12 monatojn kaj la idoj estas naskitaj kun longo de 2.4 al 2.7 metroj kun pezo de ĉirkaŭ 185 kilogramoj.

Dieto

La dieto de la Nordmara mezoplodo konsistas el kalamaroj kaj malgrandaj fiŝoj.[2]

Notoj

  1. Sharks and Whales (Carwardine et al. 2002), p. 358.
  2. (Novembro 2011) “Diet of mid-Atlantic Sowerby's beaked whales Mesoplondon bidens”, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 58 (11), p. 1084–1090.
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Nordmara mezoplodo: Brief Summary ( Esperant )

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La Nordmara mezoplodo, Dudenta mezoplodo aŭ Bekobaleno de Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens), konata ankaŭ kiel Nordatlantika aŭ Nordmara bekobaleno, estas specio de dentobaleno. Ĝi estis la unua mezoplodo kiu iĝis priskribita. James Sowerby, angla naturalisto kaj artisto, por la unua fojo priskribis la specion en 1804 el kranio akirita el masklo kiu estis surstrandigita en Moray Firth, Skotlando, en 1800. Li nomis ĝin bidens, kiu derivas el la du dentoj de la makzelo, nune konata kiel tre ofta trajto en tiu genro.

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Mesoplodon bidens ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El zifio de Sowerby o del Atlántico norte (Mesoplodon bidens) es una especie de cetáceo odontoceto de la familia Ziphidae. Fue el primer zifio descrito. Su nombre, bidens, se deriva de los dos dientes en la mandíbula, que ahora se sabe son una característica muy común entre el género Mesoplodon.

Descripción

Su hocico es moderadamente largo, y el melón es ligeramente convexo. El patrón de coloración es gris con algunas zonas más claras. Su longitud llega a alcanzar los 5 metros en las hembras y 5,5 metros en los machos, con un peso de 1000-1300 kilogramos. El zifio de sowerby caza peces de tamaño reducido y realiza un gran consumo de cefalópodos pelágicos como los calamares.

Hábitat y distribución

Habita en las aguas templadas a frías del Atlántico norte, desde Massachusetts al golfo de Vizcaya, y de Labrador a Islandia y el norte de Noruega. Muy rara vez se avista en el gran norte y frecuenta sobre todo las costas de Europa occidental, llegando incluso a producirse avistamientos en el mar Mediterráneo (a lo largo de la costa de Italia). Se puede encontrar a una profundidad de entre 200 a 1500 metros.

Referencias

  1. Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). «Mesoplodon bidens». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 10 de agosto de 2015.

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Mesoplodon bidens: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El zifio de Sowerby o del Atlántico norte (Mesoplodon bidens) es una especie de cetáceo odontoceto de la familia Ziphidae. Fue el primer zifio descrito. Su nombre, bidens, se deriva de los dos dientes en la mandíbula, que ahora se sabe son una característica muy común entre el género Mesoplodon.

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Sowerby moko-balea ( Basch )

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Sowerby moko-balea (Mesoplodon bidens) Ziphiidae familiako zetazeoa da. Moko-baleen artean sailkatua izateko lehendabizikoa izan zen[1].

Erreferentziak

  1. Carwardine, Hoyt, Fordyce & Gill (1998). Whales & Dolphins: The Ultimate Guide to Marine Mammals. Londres: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-220105-4



Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Sowerby moko-balea: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Sowerby moko-balea (Mesoplodon bidens) Ziphiidae familiako zetazeoa da. Moko-baleen artean sailkatua izateko lehendabizikoa izan zen.

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Kaksihammasvalas ( Finlandèis )

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Kaksihammasvalas[3] eli pohjoisatlantinnokkavalas (Mesoplodon bidens) on nokkavalaiden heimoon kuuluva valaslaji. Sillä on erityisen pitkä, nokkamainen kuono. Vain koirailla on hampaat, ja niilläkin vain yksi hammaspari alaleuassa. Kaksihammasvalaiden arvellaan elävän syömällä syvänmerenkaloja ja mustekaloja, jotka ne nielaisevat kokonaisina.[4] Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on hammasvalas.[3]


Lähteet

  1. Mesoplodon bidens IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)
  2. Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby, 1804) WoRMS. Viitattu 9.12.2018.
  3. a b Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta: Maailman nisäkkäiden suomenkieliset nimet 2008. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto. Viitattu 9.12.2018.
  4. Sowerby’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens) ARKive. Viitattu 9.12.2018.
Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Kaksihammasvalas: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Kaksihammasvalas eli pohjoisatlantinnokkavalas (Mesoplodon bidens) on nokkavalaiden heimoon kuuluva valaslaji. Sillä on erityisen pitkä, nokkamainen kuono. Vain koirailla on hampaat, ja niilläkin vain yksi hammaspari alaleuassa. Kaksihammasvalaiden arvellaan elävän syömällä syvänmerenkaloja ja mustekaloja, jotka ne nielaisevat kokonaisina. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan ehdotus lajin uudeksi suomenkieliseksi nimeksi on hammasvalas.


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Baleine à bec de Sowerby ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Mesoplodon bidens

La baleine de Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens), aussi appelée mésoplodon de Sowerby est une espèce de cétacés de la famille des Ziphiidae. Elle fut la première baleine à bec décrite et la dénomination spécifique bidens fait référence à la paire de dents présentes à l'extrémité de la mandibule des mâles, caractéristique que l'on sait aujourd'hui commune à tous les mésoplodons.

Description

La baleine à bec de Sowerby a une silhouette typique commune à son genre, et se distingue principalement par la paire de dents du mâle située loin en arrière dans la bouche. Le bec du cétacé est moyennement long, et le melon est légèrement convexe. La coloration générale est grise, plus lumineuse sur la face ventrale pour l contre-illumination et on observe souvent les morsures laissées par les squalelets féroces ou les cicatrices laissées par les dents chez les mâles. La femelle adulte mesure jusqu'à 5 mètres, le mâle jusqu'à 5,5 m, pour un poids compris entre 1 000 et 1 300 kg.

La période de gestation dure 12 mois. À la naissance le petit mesure de 2.4 à 2,7 m pour un poids d'environ 185 kg[1].

Comportement

Les baleines à bec de Sowerby sont des créatures solitaires qui restent à l'écart des navires et sont rarement observées. Les baleines sont parfois en groupes de 8 à 10 individus (mâles, femelles et jeunes) et s'échouent parfois par groupes entiers. Ces baleines peuvent parfois plonger durant près de 30 minutes. On pense qu'elles se nourrissent principalement de calmars et de mollusques, mais des morues ont également été trouvées dans leur estomac.

Répartition et habitat

Cette espèce vit dans l'ouest de l'océan Atlantique depuis Nantucket jusqu'au Labrador et dans l'est de l'Atlantique de Madère jusqu'à la mer de Norvège. Elle vit généralement dans les eaux de 200 à 1 500 mètres de profondeur. Aucune estimation des populations n'a été faite.

Taxinomie

L'espèce fut décrite en 1804 par James Sowerby (à qui elle doit son nom vernaculaire) sous le protonyme de Physeter bidens.

Conservation

L'espèce a été chassée de manière marginale par les Norvégiens, mais ces pratiques ont été abandonnées depuis longtemps. On compte certaines morts dues à l'enchevêtrement dans les filets de pêche, mais ce phénomène a peu de chances d'être vraiment préjudiciable à l'espèce.

En 1989 le Cosepac signale son statut de conservation comme une « espèce préoccupante »[2].

Voir aussi

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références
  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. a et b (fr) Maurizio Würtz et Nadia Repetto (trad. Marie-Paule Duverne), Dauphins et Baleines, Paris, Gründ, 1999, 167 p. (ISBN 2-7000-3421-X), p. 150
  2. Cosepac 2006, p. 12.

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Baleine à bec de Sowerby: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Mesoplodon bidens

La baleine de Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens), aussi appelée mésoplodon de Sowerby est une espèce de cétacés de la famille des Ziphiidae. Elle fut la première baleine à bec décrite et la dénomination spécifique bidens fait référence à la paire de dents présentes à l'extrémité de la mandibule des mâles, caractéristique que l'on sait aujourd'hui commune à tous les mésoplodons.

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Míol mór socach na Mara Thuaidh ( Irlandèis )

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Ainmhí mór is ea míol mór socach na Mara Thuaidh.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Zifio de Sowerby ( Galissian )

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O zifio de Sowerby,[3] (Mesoplodon bidens), é unha especie de mamífero cetáceo odontoceto da familia dos zifíidos.

Foi o primeiro zifio descrito. O seu nome específico, bidens, fai referencia ao par de dentes presentes no extremo da mandíbula dos machos, que hoxe en día se sabe que é unha característica moi común no xénero Mesoplodon.

Taxonomía

Descrición

A especie foi descrita en 1804 polo naturalista e ilustrador inglés James Sowerby, en Transactions of the Linnaean Society, London 7: 310,[4][5] co nome de Physeter bidens.[6] Máis tarde foi separado do xénero do cachalote e incluído en Mesoplodon, xénero que foi creado en 1850 polo paleontólogo francés Paul Gervais.
Ao seu descritor e ao que debe o seu nome específico vulgar.

Sinonimia

Ademais de polo protónimo de Sowerby, e do nome actualmente válido, a especie foi coñecida tamén polos numerosos sinónimos seguintes:[4]

  • Aodon dalei Lesson, 1828
  • Delphinorhynchus micropterus F. Cuvier, 1836
  • Delphinorhynchus sowerbyi Gray, 1846
  • Delphinus micropteron Tomilin, 1957
  • Delphinus micropterus G. Cuvier, 1829
  • Delphinus sowerbensis Blainville, 1817
  • Delphinus sowerbi Eschricht, 1851
  • Delphinus sowerbyensis Eschricht, 1852
  • Delphinus sowerbyi Desmarest, 1822
  • Diodon sowerbaei Bell, 1837
  • Diodon sowerbi Hamilton, 1837
  • Diodon sowerbyi Lesson, 1828
  • Heterodon dalei Lesson, 1827
  • Mesodiodon sowerbyi Duvernoy, 1851
  • Mesoplodon sowerbensis Gervais, 1859
  • Mesoplodon sowerbiensis J. A. Allen, 1869
  • Micropteron bidens Malm, 1871
  • Micropteron sowerbiensis Van Beneden, 1868
  • Nodus dalei Gray, 1850
  • Ziphius sowerbiensis Gray, 1846

Características

 src=
Detalle da mandíbula do macho, co característico dente triangular.

Presenta a morfoloxía típica das especies do seu xénero, das que se distingue principalmente polo par de dentes triangulares dos machos situados cara a diante no medio da mandíbula, que poden emerxes das enxivas 3 ou 4 cm (nas femias e nos machos inmaturos quedan ocultos baixo as enxivas.
O corpo, fusiforme, é moi alongado, e algo comprimido lateralmente. É un zifio de tamaño mediano, de 4 a 5,5 m de lonxitude (as femias algo menores que os machos), e que alcanza entre os 1 000 e os 1 500 kg de peso.
O cranio presenta os maxilares superiores estreitos e alongados acabados en punta. A cabeza estréitase moito cara ao bico, que é moderadamente logo. A fronte é convexa e escasamente bulbosa, e presenta un avultamento diante do espiráculo. O melón é lixeiramente convexo.
A gorxa presenta unhas pregas a ambos os lados da cara, máis xuntas no bico e que se proxectan formando un "V" aberto.
A aleta dorsal é pequena e falciforme (en forma de fouciño), ás veces triangular, situada no terzo posterior do lombo e co extremo arredondado. As aletas pectorais son pequenas, e o animal dispón dunhas alforxas onde as pode repregar durante o mergullo. A aleta caudal está formada por dous lóbulos cóncavos e rematados en punta, non presentando fendedura entre eles.
A coloración é gris escura no dorso, aclarándose nos flancos até chegar á cor abrancazada ra rexión ventral; presentan un parche escuro ao redor dos ollos; as aletas pectorais son escuras polo doso. O corpo dos machos presenta frecuetemente numerosas cicatrices producidas polos dentes de machos rivais durante os enfrontamentos entre eles.[7]

Hábitat e distribución

 src=
Distribución do zifio de Sowerby.

O zifio de Sowerby habita case exclusivamente mas augas máis frías do Atlántico norte, desde as costas de Massachusetts (EE. UU.) e da península do Labrador (Canadá), polo oeste, até as de Islandia e Noruega (polo norte), ás do golfo de Biscaia (polo sur), no leste. É a especie do xénero Mesoplodon de disribución máis setentrional, coa maioría dos rexistros situados máis ao norte dos 30° N. Porén, moi rara vez se avista no gran norte, e frecuenta sobre todo as costas da Europa occidental. Así e todo rexistráronse un bo número de varamentos considerados fóra do límite da súa área de dispersión, tanto no mar Mediterráneo, como o golfo de México.[2] A súa presenza en augas próximas a Galicia é accidental.[7]

Viven xeralmente en augas de 200 a 1 500 m de profundidade.[8]

Bioloxía

Os zifios de Sowerby son animais solitarios que se manrteñen afastados dos barcos e por iso son raramente observados. Ás veces forman grupos de até 10 individuos.[7] Poden mergullarse até 30 min.

Pénsase (polos restos achados nos seus estómagos) que se alimentan principalmente de cefalópodos e de moluscos peláxicos, e tamén de pequenos peixes, como bacallaus inmaturos.[2][8]

Pouco é o que se sabe sobre a reprodución desta especie. A madurez sexual alcánzase aos 4 ou 5 anos en ambos os sexos. A xestación e o período de aleitamento poden durar até os dous anos, polo menos.[7] As crías miden entre 2,4 e 2,7 m ao neceren, e pesan até 185 kg.[8][9]

Estado de conservación

O zifio de Sowerby foi cazado de modo marxinal polos baleeiros noruegueses, pero esta práctica xa foi abandonada desde hai moito tempo. Rexístranse algunhas mortes debido ao quedaren enleados algúns individuos en redes de pesca, pero este fenómeno é pouco probábel que sexa realmente prexudicial para a especie.

Desde 1996 a Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais (UICN) vén cualificando o status da especie como DD (datos insuficientes), consideración que se mantén a día de hoxe (2016). Esta cualificación baséase en que non hai informacións sobre a abundancia global desta especie, nin as tendencias sobre a evolución desta. Porén crese que é puoco común, e que é potencialmente vulnerábel a ameazas de baixo nivel e non se pode descartar unha redución global do 30 % da súa poboación en tres xeracións.[2]

Notas

  1. Mesoplodon bidens en Fossilworks.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Taylor, B. L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S. M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J. G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R. L. (2008): Mesoplodon bidens na Lista vermella de especies ameazadas da UICN. Versión 2016-1. Consultada o 23-08-2016.
  3. Lahuerta e Vázquez (2000), p. 313.
  4. 4,0 4,1 Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby, 1804) no WoRMS.
  5. Mesoplodon bidens en MSW
  6. Physeter bidens Sowerby, 1804 no WoRMS.
  7. 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Díaz d'a Silva e Cartelle (2007), p. 124.
  8. 8,0 8,1 8,2 Mesoplodon bidens na ADW.
  9. Maurizio Würtz e Nadia Repetto (1999): Dauphins et Baleines. Paris: Gründ. ISBN 2-7000-3421-X, p. 150.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Outros artigos

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Zifio de Sowerby: Brief Summary ( Galissian )

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O zifio de Sowerby, (Mesoplodon bidens), é unha especie de mamífero cetáceo odontoceto da familia dos zifíidos.

Foi o primeiro zifio descrito. O seu nome específico, bidens, fai referencia ao par de dentes presentes no extremo da mandíbula dos machos, que hoxe en día se sabe que é unha característica moi común no xénero Mesoplodon.

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Norðursnjáldri ( Islandèis )

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Norðursnjáldri (fræðiheiti: Mesoplodon bidens), einnig svínhvalur, er meðalstór tannhvalur af svínhvalaættinni sem finnst í Norður-Atlantshafinu og við Ísland.

Lýsing

Norðsnjáldri er 5 til 5,5 metrar á lengd og allt að 1,5 tonn á þyngd. Hausinn er fremur lítill og frammjór og undir honum eru tvær húðfellingar sem liggja samsíða kjálkabeinunum. Trýnið er meðallangt og ekki afmarkað frá enninu. Oftast eru dýrin grá á lit, dekkri á baki en á kviði. Hornið er fremur lítið og aftan við mitt bak. Bægslin eru lítil en þó hlutfallslega stærri en á öðrum svínhvölum.

Það sérkennilegasta við norðursnjáldra og aðra svínhvali er að dýrið hefur bara eitt par af tönnum. Kýr norðursnjáldra eru þó tannlausar. Tennur tarfanna eru framan við miðju kjálkabeinsins.

Útbreiðsla og hegðun

Norðursnjáldri hefur einungis fundist í Norður-Atlantshafi og er bundinn við úthafið. Í hvalatalningum Hafrannsóknastofnunnar við Ísland hefur tegundin einungis fundist sunnan við landið.[1]

Lítið er vitað um fæðu norðursnjáldra, en sennilegast lifa þeir jöfnum höndum á fiski og smokkfiski.

Oftast halda dýrin sig í minni hópum 2 til 3 dýr en hafa sést í hópum með allt að 15 dýrum.

Veiðar og fjöldi

Afar lítið er vitað um útbreiðslu og fjölda norðursnjáldra og byggir tegundalýsing á rannsóknum á örfáum dýrum.

Neðanmálsgreinar

  1. Gísli Víkingsson o. fl. 2002

Heimildir

  • Ásbjörn Björgvinsson og Helmut Lugmayr, Hvalaskoðun við Ísland (Reykjavík: JPV Útgáfan, 2002).
  • Hammond, P.S., G. Bearzi, A. Bjørge, K. Forney, L. Karczmarski, T. Kasuya, W.F. Perrin, M.D. Scott, J.Y. Wang, R.S. Wells og B. Wilson, „Delphinus delphis“, 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2008).
  • Gísli A. Víkingsson, Þorvaldur Gunnlaugsson, Sverrir Halldórsson og Droplaug Ólafsdóttir, 2002, NASS-2001 - Icelandic shipboard survey report, Skýrsla til vísindanefndar IWC (SC/54/09)
  • Páll Hersteinsson (ritsj.), Íslensk spendýr (Reykjavík: Vaka-Helgafell, 2005). ISBN 9979-2-1721-9
  • Perrin, J., „Striped dolphins“ hjá W. Perrin, B. Wursig og J. Thewissen (ritstj.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Academic Press, 2002): 245–248. ISBN 0-12-551340-2.
  • Reeves, R., B. Stewart, P. Clapham og J. Powell, National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World (New York: A.A. Knopf, 2002). ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  • Sigurður Ægisson, Jón Ásgeir í Aðaldal, Jón Baldur Hlíðberg, Íslenskir hvalir fyrr og nú (Forlagið, 1997).
  • Stefán Aðalsteinsson, Villtu spendýrin okkar (Reykjavík: Bjallan, 1987).

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Norðursnjáldri: Brief Summary ( Islandèis )

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Norðursnjáldri (fræðiheiti: Mesoplodon bidens), einnig svínhvalur, er meðalstór tannhvalur af svínhvalaættinni sem finnst í Norður-Atlantshafinu og við Ísland.

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Mesoplodon bidens ( Italian )

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Il mesoplodonte di Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) è un cetaceo odontoceto della famiglia Ziphiidae. È stato il primo mesoplodonte ad essere stato descritto. Il suo nome, bidens, è dovuto ai due denti presenti sulla mandibola, caratteristica, questa, che è risultata poi molto comune tra i membri di questo genere.

Descrizione fisica

 src=
Francobollo raffigurante due mesoplodonti di Sowerby

Il mesoplodonte di Sowerby presenta la caratteristica forma del corpo dei membri del suo genere e il maschio si riconosce facilmente per la coppia di denti situati piuttosto all'indietro della bocca. Il rostro di questo zifide è abbastanza lungo e il melone è leggermente convesso. Ha una colorazione grigia con un'ombreggiatura più chiara sul dorso e frequentemente presenta (nei maschi) morsi e cicatrici provocati dai denti dello squalo cookie-cutter. Le femmine di questo cetaceo raggiungono i 5 metri e i maschi i 5,5 e pesano 1000-1300 chilogrammi. Il periodo di gestazione si protrae per 12 mesi e alla nascita il piccolo è lungo 2,4-2,7 metri e pesa circa 185 chilogrammi.

Popolazione e distribuzione

Il mesoplodonte di Sowerby è diffuso da Nantucket al Labrador nell'Atlantico occidentale e da Madera al mar di Norvegia nell'Atlantico orientale. Vive generalmente in acque profonde dai 200 ai 1500 metri. Non è mai stata fatta alcuna stima della popolazione. Nel Mediterraneo l'unico avvistamento è avvenuto al largo di Caprera[1].

Comportamento

 src=
Mesoplodonte di Sowerby che effettua il breaching

I mesoplodonti di Sowerby sono creature elusive che si tengono alla larga dalle imbarcazioni e vengono avvistate raramente. Questi zifidi vivono occasionalmente in gruppi da 8 a 10 individui (maschi, femmine e piccoli) e sappiamo anche che si spiaggiano in massa. Si crede che si nutrano principalmente di calamari e molluschi, ma nei loro stomaci sono stati trovati anche naselli. Sono in grado di immergersi restando in apnea per 30 minuti.

Conservazione

Questa specie è stata cacciata raramente dai norvegesi, ma questa pratica è stata abbandonata da lungo tempo. Ci sono state anche alcune morti provocate dall'intrappolamento nelle reti da pesca, ma è poco probabile che queste danneggino molto la specie.

Note

Bibliografia

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Mesoplodon bidens: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il mesoplodonte di Sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) è un cetaceo odontoceto della famiglia Ziphiidae. È stato il primo mesoplodonte ad essere stato descritto. Il suo nome, bidens, è dovuto ai due denti presenti sulla mandibola, caratteristica, questa, che è risultata poi molto comune tra i membri di questo genere.

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Gewone spitssnuitdolfijn ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn of Noordzee-spitssnuitdolfijn (Mesoplodon bidens) is een walvis uit de familie der spitssnuitdolfijnen (Ziphiidae). Het is een slecht bekende soort, die op open zee voorkomt en in de diepzee jaagt op pijlinktvissen. Hij wordt hierdoor zelden waargenomen, behalve bij een stranding.[2] De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn werd aan het begin van de negentiende eeuw ontdekt in Moray Firth, Schotland. De schedel van een gestrand mannetje werd bewaard, en viel in de handen van de schilder James Sowerby, die (met behulp van zijn eigen fantasie) het dier voor het eerst tekende.

Van alle soorten uit het geslacht Mesoplodon, strandt de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn het vaakst. Hierdoor wordt aangenomen dat dit de meest algemene soort uit het geslacht is. Doordat de soort zelden wordt waargenomen, heeft hij weinig te lijden gehad van de walvisvaart. Hij wordt het vaakst waargenomen in de noordelijke Noordzee, maar de soort wordt aangetroffen in alle koude en gematigde wateren van de Noordelijke Atlantische Oceaan.

Waarschijnlijk leeft deze soort alleen of in paren. De dieren worden gemiddeld 5 meter lang en 3,4 ton zwaar. De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn heeft slechts twee tanden, in de onderkaak. Bij volwassen mannetjes zijn deze tanden zichtbaar als de bek gesloten is. Ook heeft een mannetje een bult aan beide mondhoeken, en wordt hij iets langer, zo'n 5½ meter. Hij heeft kleine flippers en rugvin. Hij heeft een donkergrijze tot zwarte huid, met lichtere flanken en onderzijde. Jongen hebben een lichtere buik en minder vlekken.

Bij het jagen in de diepzee zuigt de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn waarschijnlijk zijn prooi op. Ook gebruikt hij waarschijnlijk echolocatie. Waarschijnlijk jaagt hij op pijlinktvis, maar ook op kleine scholenvissen. De paar- en werptijd is waarschijnlijk in de late winter en de lente, en de draagtijd dus een jaar. Het kalf van de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn is bij de geboorte ongeveer 2,4 meter lang. Het jong wordt gespeend als het een jaar oud is.

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Gewone spitssnuitdolfijn: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn of Noordzee-spitssnuitdolfijn (Mesoplodon bidens) is een walvis uit de familie der spitssnuitdolfijnen (Ziphiidae). Het is een slecht bekende soort, die op open zee voorkomt en in de diepzee jaagt op pijlinktvissen. Hij wordt hierdoor zelden waargenomen, behalve bij een stranding. De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn werd aan het begin van de negentiende eeuw ontdekt in Moray Firth, Schotland. De schedel van een gestrand mannetje werd bewaard, en viel in de handen van de schilder James Sowerby, die (met behulp van zijn eigen fantasie) het dier voor het eerst tekende.

Van alle soorten uit het geslacht Mesoplodon, strandt de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn het vaakst. Hierdoor wordt aangenomen dat dit de meest algemene soort uit het geslacht is. Doordat de soort zelden wordt waargenomen, heeft hij weinig te lijden gehad van de walvisvaart. Hij wordt het vaakst waargenomen in de noordelijke Noordzee, maar de soort wordt aangetroffen in alle koude en gematigde wateren van de Noordelijke Atlantische Oceaan.

Waarschijnlijk leeft deze soort alleen of in paren. De dieren worden gemiddeld 5 meter lang en 3,4 ton zwaar. De gewone spitssnuitdolfijn heeft slechts twee tanden, in de onderkaak. Bij volwassen mannetjes zijn deze tanden zichtbaar als de bek gesloten is. Ook heeft een mannetje een bult aan beide mondhoeken, en wordt hij iets langer, zo'n 5½ meter. Hij heeft kleine flippers en rugvin. Hij heeft een donkergrijze tot zwarte huid, met lichtere flanken en onderzijde. Jongen hebben een lichtere buik en minder vlekken.

Bij het jagen in de diepzee zuigt de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn waarschijnlijk zijn prooi op. Ook gebruikt hij waarschijnlijk echolocatie. Waarschijnlijk jaagt hij op pijlinktvis, maar ook op kleine scholenvissen. De paar- en werptijd is waarschijnlijk in de late winter en de lente, en de draagtijd dus een jaar. Het kalf van de gewone spitssnuitdolfijn is bij de geboorte ongeveer 2,4 meter lang. Het jong wordt gespeend als het een jaar oud is.

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Nordspisskval ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NN

Nordspisskval, Mesoplodon bidens, er ein tannkval i spisskvalfamilien. Han er hovudsakleg kjent frå kalde farvatn i Nord-Atlanterhavet, frå Massachusetts til Labrador i vest og frå Island til Noreg. Han vert sjeldan sett, og ein veit lite om han. Han held til nesten utelukkande i djupt vatn utanfor kontinentalsokkelen.[1]

 src=
Utbreiingsområdet til nordspisskvalen

Fotnotar

  1. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species på engelsk

Kjelder

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Nordspisskval
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Nordspisskval: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NN

Nordspisskval, Mesoplodon bidens, er ein tannkval i spisskvalfamilien. Han er hovudsakleg kjent frå kalde farvatn i Nord-Atlanterhavet, frå Massachusetts til Labrador i vest og frå Island til Noreg. Han vert sjeldan sett, og ein veit lite om han. Han held til nesten utelukkande i djupt vatn utanfor kontinentalsokkelen.

 src= Utbreiingsområdet til nordspisskvalen
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Nordspisshval ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NO

Nordspisshval (Mesoplodon bidens), også kalt spisshval og sowerbyspisshval, er en tannhval i nebbhvalfamilien. Den holder til på dypt hav fra Nordsjøen til Canada og lever trolig av ulike arter blekksprut og fisk. Det meste om denne hvalens biologi er ukjent.

Beskrivelse

Nordspisshvalen har en blålig skifergrå farge med lysere grå flanker og buk. Ungdyrene er vanligvis blekere i fargen og har færre arr enn voksne individer. Voksne hanndyr har to karakteristiske tenner som stikker ut og opp på hver side av underkjeven, omtrent midt på kjeven.

Nordspisshvalen blir normalt omkring 4-5,5 meter lang og veier gjerne cirka 900-1 100 kg som voksen.[3]

Nordspisshval er oftest observert i åpne havområder på mellom 200 og 1 500 meters dyp (mesopelagisk-bathypelagisk). Flest observasjoner finnes fra havområdene utenfor Storbritannia.[4]

Utbredelse

Nordspisshval er utbredt i det nordlige Atlanterhavet, fra kysten av Norge og sør til Nord-Afrika i øst, og fra Newfoundland og Labrador til Massachusetts i Nord-Amerika i vest. Det hersker en viss usikkerhet med hensyn til utbredelsesområdet til denne hvalen.

Observasjoner fra Norskehavet kan indikere at nordspisshvalen også (tidvis) finnes i polare strøk av dette havområdet, spesielt i øst.

Atferd

Nordspisshvalens dykk varer gjerne i 10-15 minutter (dykk opp mot 28 minutter har blitt registrert), og den er observert å komme opp til overflaten igjen mer enn 800 meter fra der den dykket. Den er observert å komme til overflaten etter et dykk i bratt vinkel og med hodet først, der den bytter ut luften gjennom 4-6 åndedrag over ett minutt. Blåsten er imidlertid knapt synlig.[5]

Nordspisshvalene er sosiale dyr som helst ferdes i par, men som også er observert i flokker på 3-10 dyr. Nordspisshvalen er også den hvalen i slekten Mesoplodon som oftest er observert som strandet.

Referanser

  1. ^ Artsdatabanken: Artsnavnebasen Artsnavn ble forandret fra «spisshval» til «nordspisshval» september 2009
  2. ^ Artsdatabanken, Norsk rødliste for arter 2015. Arkivert 22. desember 2015 hos Wayback Machine. Lenke sjekket 17. desember 2015
  3. ^ MarineBio.org. 2006. Mesoplodon bidens. Besøkt 6. januar 2009
  4. ^ Mottet, C. 2003. Texas Marine Mammal Standing Network. Arkivert 15. august 2016 hos Wayback Machine. Besøkt 6. januar 2009
  5. ^ Mortensen, R. and C. Yahnke. 2007. Mesoplodon bidens (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Besøkt 6. januar 2009

Eksterne lenker

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Nordspisshval: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NO

Nordspisshval (Mesoplodon bidens), også kalt spisshval og sowerbyspisshval, er en tannhval i nebbhvalfamilien. Den holder til på dypt hav fra Nordsjøen til Canada og lever trolig av ulike arter blekksprut og fisk. Det meste om denne hvalens biologi er ukjent.

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Dziobowal dwuzębny ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Dziobowal dwuzębny[3], wal dwuzębny[4], delfin Soverby’ego[5] (Mesoplodon bidens) – gatunek walenia z rodziny zyfiowatych (Ziphiidae). Gatunek słabo poznany.

Występowanie

Umiarkowanie ciepłe wody północnego Oceanu Atlantyckiego. Sporadycznie pojawia się w Morzu Bałtyckim. W polskich wodach odnotowany ostatnio w 1935[6].

Charakterystyka

Ciało o długości 4-5 m, masa 900-1100 kg. Ubarwienie niebieskoszare na grzbiecie, spodem jaśniejsze. Czasami występują szare lub białe plamy na skórze. Samce mają w dolnej szczęce dwa wystające zęby, a na grzbiecie małą, zaokrągloną na końcu płetwę grzbietową.

Dziobowale dwuzębne żywią się kałamarnicami, ośmiornicami i rybami.

Przypisy

  1. a b c d e Mesoplodon bidens, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. 2008, Mesoplodon bidens [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015-3 [dostęp 2015-09-23] (ang.).
  3. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 191. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. K. Kowalski (redaktor naukowy), A. Krzanowski, H. Kubiak, G. Rzebik-Kowalska, L. Sych: Ssaki. Wyd. IV. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1991, s. 399, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny. ISBN 83-214-0637-8.
  5. Wale dziobogłowe. onet.wiem. [dostęp 2015-09-23].
  6. Iwona Kuklik, Krzysztof E. Skóra, Radomił Koza, Kaszalot? Szczątki wieloryba na Mierzei Wiślanej

Bibliografia

  1. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Mesoplodon bidens. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2007-12-02]
  2. MarineBio.org: Mesoplodon bidens, Sowerby's Beaked Whale (ang.). [dostęp 2 grudnia 2007].
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Dziobowal dwuzębny: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL

Dziobowal dwuzębny, wal dwuzębny, delfin Soverby’ego (Mesoplodon bidens) – gatunek walenia z rodziny zyfiowatych (Ziphiidae). Gatunek słabo poznany.

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Baleia-bicuda-de-sowerby ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

A baleia-bicuda-de-sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) é um cetáceo da família dos zifiídeos (Ziphiidae) encontrado no norte do Atlântico e no mar Báltico. Registros no Mediterrâneo e no Golfo do México são de animais perdidos.

Referências

  1. Pitman, R.L.; Brownell Jr.; R.L. (2020). «Mesoplodon bidens». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T13241A50363686. doi:. Consultado em 18 de novembro de 2021
  • MEAD, J. G.; BROWNELL, R. L. (2005). Order Cetacea. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.) Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3ª edição. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 723-743.
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Baleia-bicuda-de-sowerby: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

A baleia-bicuda-de-sowerby (Mesoplodon bidens) é um cetáceo da família dos zifiídeos (Ziphiidae) encontrado no norte do Atlântico e no mar Báltico. Registros no Mediterrâneo e no Golfo do México são de animais perdidos.

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Sowerbys näbbval ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Sowerbys näbbval (Mesoplodon bidens) är en art i familjen näbbvalar. Arten var den första i släktet som blev upptäckt. Den blev upptäckt så sent som 1804 och är uppkallad efter den brittiska zoologen James Sowerby som beskrev arten på vetenskapligt sätt.

Kännetecken

Valen når en kroppslängd upp till 5,5 meter och en vikt omkring 1,5 ton. Ovansidan är mörkblå eller mörkgrå och undersidan är ljusare. Vuxna hannar har två förlängda tänder i underkäken som är synliga utanför munnen. Honor har också dessa två tänder men de är inte lika långa. Sowerbys näbbval har små bröstfenor och en liten ryggfena som, liksom hos alla näbbvalar, sitter långt bak på kroppen. Den stora stjärtfenan har en böjd kant och är inte kluven.

Utbredning

Valens habitat ligger i norra Atlanten. Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig från Labrador och New England i väst till Norge och Madeira i öst. De vistas ibland i Nordsjön och kanske även i Medelhavet. Hittills har omkring 150 individer strandat (de flesta vid Brittiska öarna) och därför är arten mera känd än andra näbbvalar. Ett exemplar, en 3,42 m lång hona hittades död utanför Karlshamn 2015[2]. Levande individer syns däremot sällan.

Levnadssätt

Arten lever huvudsakligen i det öppna havet. Den föredrar djup mellan 500 och 2000 meter. Angående deras sociala beteende finns olika uppgifter. De syns ibland i par och även strandningar av par är dokumenterade men det förekommer även grupper av tre till tio individer. Hannar känns lätt igen genom deras sår på rygg och sidorna. Dessa sår uppstår under strider för rätten att para sig. Enligt olika iakttagelser dyker de 10 till 15 minuter och det antas att de kan stanna längre under vattenytan. Födan utgörs huvudsakligen av mindre bläckfiskar samt av fiskar som lever vid havets botten.

Hot

Sowerbys näbbval blev inte mål för valfångst då arten var så sällsynt, men den fastnar ibland i fiskenät och drunknar. IUCN listar valen med kunskapsbrist.

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 24 februari 2009.
  1. ^ Mesoplodon bidensIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. 2008, besökt 25 februari 2009.
  2. ^ ”Ovanlig näbbval dog troligen av svält - SVA”. www.sva.se. http://www.sva.se/om-sva/pressrum/nyheter-fran-sva/nabbval-dog-av-svalt. Läst 7 december 2015.

Externa länkar

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Sowerbys näbbval: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Sowerbys näbbval (Mesoplodon bidens) är en art i familjen näbbvalar. Arten var den första i släktet som blev upptäckt. Den blev upptäckt så sent som 1804 och är uppkallad efter den brittiska zoologen James Sowerby som beskrev arten på vetenskapligt sätt.

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Sowerby gagalı balinası ( turch )

fornì da wikipedia TR

Sowerby gagalı balinası (Mesoplodon bidens), gagalı balinagiller (Ziphiidae) familyasından iki dişli balina (Mesoplodon) cinsine ait bir balina türü. İki dişli balina cinsinin 1804 yılında ilk keşfedilen türüdür. Keşfeden zoolog James Sowerby bu balinaya adını vermiştir.

Yayılım

Sowerby gagalı balinası Atlantik okyanusunun kuzeyinde yaşar. Ağırlıklı olarak okyanusun kuzey doğusunda raslanırlar. Bugüne kadar Avrupa'nın batı kıyılarında karaya vuran 150 civarında birey bilinmekte. Bundan dolayı bu tür hakkında diğer gagalı balinagillerden daha fazla bilgi toplanabilmiştir, ancak yaşayanlara diğerlerinde de olduğu gibi çok nadir raslanır. Akdenizde de varlığı mümkündür.

Özellikleri

Sowerby gagalı balinasının boyu 5,5 metre ve ağırlığı 1,5 tona kadar varır. Renkleri lacivert veya koyu gri olur. Erkeklerin iki azman dişi ağızdan çıkık durur. Yüzgeçleri küçük ve kuyruk yüzgeci büyüktür.

Yaşam şekli

Sowerby gagalı balinası açık denizlerin 500 - 2000 derinliği olan kısımlarını tercih eder. Çift olarak veya 3 - 10 bireyden oluşan gruplar içinde yaşar. Mürekkep balığı ve denizin tabanında yaşayan balıklar ile beslenir.

Dış bağlantılar

 src= Wikimedia Commons'ta Sowerby gagalı balinası ile ilgili medyaları bulabilirsiniz.
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Sowerby gagalı balinası: Brief Summary ( turch )

fornì da wikipedia TR

Sowerby gagalı balinası (Mesoplodon bidens), gagalı balinagiller (Ziphiidae) familyasından iki dişli balina (Mesoplodon) cinsine ait bir balina türü. İki dişli balina cinsinin 1804 yılında ilk keşfedilen türüdür. Keşfeden zoolog James Sowerby bu balinaya adını vermiştir.

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Ременезуб атлантичний ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK
  1. Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Mesoplodon bidens: інформація на сайті МСОП (версія 2008) (англ.) 30 June 2008
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Ременезуб атлантичний: Brief Summary ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK
Taylor, B.L., Baird, R., Barlow, J., Dawson, S.M., Ford, J., Mead, J.G., Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Mesoplodon bidens: інформація на сайті МСОП (версія 2008) (англ.) 30 June 2008
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Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby (danh pháp hai phần: Mesoplodon bidens) là một loài cá trong họ Ziphidae. Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby phân bố Đại Tây Dương phía tây và biển Na Uy ở phía đông Đại Tây Dương. Từ 200 đến 1500 mét sâu. Không có ước tính về dân số, tình trạng bảo tồn. Năm 1991, có khoảng 90 ghi nhận sự hiện diện loài này, 80 từ Bắc Đại Tây Dương phía đông và ít hơn 10 từ Tây Bắc Đại Tây Dương, phần lớn các ghi nhận sự hiện diện từ khắp nơi trên quần đảo Anh.

Ngày 10 tháng 1 năm 2009, cá voi mỏ khoằm Sowerby cái đã được tìm thấy tại cảng Fethiye trên bờ biển Aegean của Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, xa môi trường sống tự nhiên của nó.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cá voi (Cetacea) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby (danh pháp hai phần: Mesoplodon bidens) là một loài cá trong họ Ziphidae. Cá voi mõm khoằm Sowerby phân bố Đại Tây Dương phía tây và biển Na Uy ở phía đông Đại Tây Dương. Từ 200 đến 1500 mét sâu. Không có ước tính về dân số, tình trạng bảo tồn. Năm 1991, có khoảng 90 ghi nhận sự hiện diện loài này, 80 từ Bắc Đại Tây Dương phía đông và ít hơn 10 từ Tây Bắc Đại Tây Dương, phần lớn các ghi nhận sự hiện diện từ khắp nơi trên quần đảo Anh.

Ngày 10 tháng 1 năm 2009, cá voi mỏ khoằm Sowerby cái đã được tìm thấy tại cảng Fethiye trên bờ biển Aegean của Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ, xa môi trường sống tự nhiên của nó.

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Атлантический ремнезуб ( russ; russi )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Подотряд: Зубатые киты
Семейство: Клюворыловые
Вид: Атлантический ремнезуб
Международное научное название

Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby, 1804)

Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус
Status none DD.svg
Недостаточно данных
IUCN Data Deficient: 13241
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 180515NCBI 48745EOL 328566FW 69088

Атлантический ремнезуб, или североморский ремнезуб, или ремнезуб Соверби[1] (лат. Mesoplodon bidens) — вид китообразных семейства клюворыловых (Ziphiidae). В качестве первого представителя семейства был открыт и описан в 1804 году британским учёным Джеймсом Сауэрби.

Описание

 src=
Атлантический ремнезуб на почтовой марке Фарерских островов

Атлантические ремнезубы достигают длины до 5,5 м и массы до 1,5 т. На верхней стороне тела они окрашены в тёмно-синий либо тёмно-серый цвет, нижняя сторона и бока более светлые. У самцов из длинной морды выглядывают два небольших бивня, у самок и молодых особей они при закрытой пасти не видны. Плавники атлантического ремнезуба очень маленькие, спинной плавник расположен как у всех клюворылых относительно далеко сзади.

Распространение

Родиной атлантического ремнезуба является северная часть Атлантического океана. На западе его ареал достигает Лабрадора и Новой Англии, однако наибольшая плотность его популяции наблюдается на востоке, от побережья Норвегии до острова Мадейры. Он встречается также в Северном море, а также изредка в Средиземном море. До наших дней зарегистрировано более чем 150 выбросов на берег этого вида, большинство из них на Британских островах. Наблюдения живых представителей атлантического ремнезуба весьма редки.

Поведение

 src=
Соотношение размеров атлантического ремнезуба и человека

Эти киты населяют открытые морские пространства, предпочитая участки океана, где глубина составляет от 500 до 2000 м. О величине групп атлантических ремнезубов данные колеблются. Эти животные наблюдались в парах, а также группы от трёх до десяти особей, в том числе несколько взрослых самцов. Самцы легко отличаемы по шрамам на спине и боках, которые они наносят друг другу бивнями в ходе поединков во время брачного периода. Атлантический ремнезуб ныряет на глубину до 800 м, а время под водой может составлять до 15 минут. К пище этого вида относятся небольшие колеоидеи и рыбы, обитающие на дне моря.

Угрозы

Промышленная охота на атлантического ремнезуба ведётся редко, однако большую угрозу для него составляют рыболовецкие сети, в которых попадают и погибают представители этого вида. Данные о его численности слишком скудны, чтобы объективно оценить степень угрозы для атлантического ремнезуба.

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 118. — 10 000 экз.
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Атлантический ремнезуб: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

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Атлантический ремнезуб, или североморский ремнезуб, или ремнезуб Соверби (лат. Mesoplodon bidens) — вид китообразных семейства клюворыловых (Ziphiidae). В качестве первого представителя семейства был открыт и описан в 1804 году британским учёным Джеймсом Сауэрби.

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索氏中喙鯨 ( cinèis )

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二名法 Mesoplodon bidens
Sowerby, 1804

索氏中喙鯨梭氏中喙鯨(學名Mesoplodon bidens)僅在北大西洋發現,旧称索氏喙鲸,又被稱為北海喙鲸北大西洋中喙鯨北海中喙鯨。牠們是最早為人類所知的喙鯨,其種名源自拉丁文的「bi-」,意指「二個的」,與「dens」,意為「牙齒」,反映牠們口中只有二顆牙齒,當時以為這是牠們獨特的特徵,今日已知所有的中喙鯨和其他大多數喙鯨皆為如此。

基本資料

其他俗名:

  • 俄:Atlanticheski remzub、remzub Sowerbi
  • 法:dauphin de Dale、dauphin de Havre
  • 德:Sowerby-Zweizahnwal
  • 挪:spidshvalen
  • 荷:Gewone spitssnuitdolfijn
  • 丹:Næbhval

出生時身長體重:2.4m、約170kg

最大身長體重紀錄:雄-5.5m、雌-5m;體重1,000~1,300 kg

壽命:未知

外型特徵

梭氏中喙鯨與其他中喙鯨體型相近,嘴喙長度中等,背鰭小而呈鐮刀狀,位於背部中央後方,額隆凸出但不呈球狀。成年雄鯨下顎有兩顆突出的牙齒,約在尖端後方30公分處。灰色的長嘴喙在浮出海面時經常先露出水面,此時成年雄鯨的牙齒明顯可見。

背部呈藍灰至暗灰色,體側較淺,腹部為淺灰至白色。體表散佈許多白或灰色的長條傷痕與斑點(有時背部也有),在成年雄鯨身上尤其明顯。

分布

梭氏中喙鯨主要分布於北大西洋的冷溫帶海域,可說是喙鯨中分佈最偏北的一種,在東岸較常出現擱淺記錄,特別是英國愛爾蘭瑞典丹麥等地。已知的分布北限大致位於加拿大拉布拉多挪威的法羅群島之間,即挪威海(Norwegion Sea)北緯71度30分左右的海域;南限則可能在北緯33至41度之間,接近美國的捕鯨重鎮楠塔基特(Nantucket)。在墨西哥灣曾有一次擱淺記錄,但一般認為這已超過其正常分布範圍。目擊海域的深度自200至1,500公尺不等。

習性、生殖、食性

梭氏中喙鯨會由8至10頭親緣關係相近的個體組成小群體,其中包括成年雄鯨、雌鯨與幼鯨。海面目擊記錄很少,噴氣高度低矮且多分枝,曾有目擊者指出牠們在海面停留的短短1分鐘裡快速地換氣4-6次,然後下潛持續10-15分鐘。已知可潛水至少28分鐘以上,最深記錄約為800公尺深。有時會集體擱淺,最高紀錄為6頭。一般推測梭氏中喙鯨以魷魚為主要食物,不過在擱淺個體的內容物中曾發現可能是大西洋鱈魚(Atlantic Cod)的殘骸。其生殖情況不明。

現狀

梭氏中喙鯨的實際數量不明。雖然過去挪威捕鯨者在冰島外海與波羅的海作業時,有時會捕殺牠們,今日在全世界各地皆無捕獵。部分死亡原因為漁網纏繞致死,但如此造成的死亡率尚末構成主要威脅。

參考書目

1. Pieter A. Folken, Randall R. Reeves, etc. / illustrated by Pieter A. Folkens,《Guide to MARINE MAMMALS of the World》,Alfred A. Knopf, 2002: p280-281. ISBN 0-375-41141-0

2. Mark Carwardine / illustrated by Martin CammDorling,《DORLING KINDERSLEY HANDBOOKS: WHALES, DOLPHINS AND PORPOISES》,Dorling Kindersley, 1995: p114-115. ISBN 0-7513-2781-6

3. James G. Mead,《Beaked Whales of the Genus Mesoplodon》,edited by Sam H. Ridgway and Sir Richard Harrison, F.R.S. 《Handbook of Marine Mammals, Volume 4: River Dolphins and the Larger Toothed Whales》,Academic Press, 1989: p349-430. ISBN 0-12-588504-0

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索氏中喙鯨: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

索氏中喙鯨或梭氏中喙鯨(學名Mesoplodon bidens)僅在北大西洋發現,旧称索氏喙鲸,又被稱為北海喙鲸,北大西洋中喙鯨或北海中喙鯨。牠們是最早為人類所知的喙鯨,其種名源自拉丁文的「bi-」,意指「二個的」,與「dens」,意為「牙齒」,反映牠們口中只有二顆牙齒,當時以為這是牠們獨特的特徵,今日已知所有的中喙鯨和其他大多數喙鯨皆為如此。

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ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ ( Giaponèis )

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ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ ヒトとの大きさ比較
ヒトとの大きさ比較
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : 鯨偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla 亜目 : ハクジラ亜目 Odontoceti : アカボウクジラ科 Ziphiidae 亜科 : トックリクジラ亜科 Hyperoodontinae : オウギハクジラ属 Mesoplodon : ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ M. bidens 学名 Mesoplodon bidens
(Sowerby, 1804) 和名 ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ 英名 Sowerby's Beaked Whale ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ生息域
ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ生息域

ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ(ヨーロッパ扇歯鯨、Mesoplodon bidens)はハクジラ亜目アカボウクジラ科オウギハクジラ属に属する小型のクジラである。

大西洋に棲息し、オウギハクジラ属としては最初に新種として報告されたである。

種小名のbidensは下顎にある特徴的な2本の歯に由来する。

当初はヨーロッパオウギハクジラに固有の特徴であると考えられていたが、現在ではオウギハクジラ類一般に見られる特徴であることがわかっている。

英名のSowerby'sは、このクジラを新種として報告したイギリスの博物学者であるジェームズ・サワビー (James Sowerby) に由来する。

他の英名としてはNorth Atlantic Beaked Whale、North Sea Beaked Whaleなどが知られる。

身体[編集]

 src=
ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ切手

ヨーロッパオウギハクジラはオウギハクジラ類としては典型的な体型である。

雄の特徴である下顎の2本の歯は、口吻の先端から30cmほどの奥まった場所に位置し、口を閉じていても外から見ることができる。口はやや長く、頭部のメロンは少し膨らみ、噴気孔はそのすぐ背側にある。背鰭は小さく、尾鰭には切り込みが無い。[1]

体色は全身が灰色であるが、腹側は明るい灰色である。

ダルマザメによる噛み傷や、雄の場合には別の雄と争った際の歯の跡などがあることも多い。

成体の体長は雄が5m、雌が5.5m程度であり、体重は1,000から1,300kgである。

妊娠期間は約1年であり、産まれた直後の体長は2.4-2.7m、体重は190kgほどである。

生息域、生息数[編集]

アカボウクジラ科では最も北に分布する種で[1]、北大西洋のやや寒冷な海域、西側はアメリカマサチューセッツ州ナンタケット島 (en:Nantucket) からカナダラブラドール地方にかけて、東側はマデイラ諸島からノルウェー海、北はアイスランド近海にかけての海域に棲息する。

水深200mから1,500m程度の海域を好む。

全生息数は不明である。

IUCNレッドリストでは「情報不足」 (DD - Data Deficient) に分類されている。

生態[編集]

雄、雌、子供で構成される8頭から10頭程度の小さな群を成して行動することが多い。

集団座礁(マスストランディング)することも知られている。

主にイカを食べると考えられているが、解剖によってタラを食べることもわかっている。

30分近く潜水可能であることが知られている。

保護[編集]

以前はノルウェーによって少数が捕鯨の対象となっていたが、近年では捕獲されていない。

漁網などによる混獲の被害の報告が少数あるが、種の存続を脅かすほどの影響はないと考えられている。

脚注[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ a b 『世界哺乳類図鑑』 200頁

参考文献・外部リンク[編集]

  1. Cetacean Specialist Group, Mesoplodon bidens in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2006).
  2. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, William F. Perrin, Bernd Wursig, and J. G. M. Thewissen eds., Academic Press (2002). ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  3. Randall R. Reeves, Brent S. Steward, Phillip J. Clapham, and James A. Owell, Sea Mammals of the World, A & C Black, London (2002). ISBN 0-7136-6334-0
  4. Sowerby's Beaked Whale Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
  5. Mesoplodon bidens CMS (Conservation on Migratory Species)
  6. 海棲哺乳類図鑑「ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ」 国立科学博物館 動物研究部
  • ジュリエット・クラットン・ブロック 『世界哺乳類図鑑』 ダン・E・ウィルソン、新樹社〈ネイチャー・ハンドブック〉、ISBN 4-7875-8533-9。
執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語

ヨーロッパオウギハクジラ(ヨーロッパ扇歯鯨、Mesoplodon bidens)はハクジラ亜目アカボウクジラ科オウギハクジラ属に属する小型のクジラである。

大西洋に棲息し、オウギハクジラ属としては最初に新種として報告されたである。

種小名のbidensは下顎にある特徴的な2本の歯に由来する。

当初はヨーロッパオウギハクジラに固有の特徴であると考えられていたが、現在ではオウギハクジラ類一般に見られる特徴であることがわかっている。

英名のSowerby'sは、このクジラを新種として報告したイギリスの博物学者であるジェームズ・サワビー (James Sowerby) に由来する。

他の英名としてはNorth Atlantic Beaked Whale、North Sea Beaked Whaleなどが知られる。

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소워비부리고래 ( Corean )

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소워비부리고래 또는 북대서양부리고래(Mesoplodon bidens)는 부리고래과 이빨부리고래속에 속하는 고래의 일종이다.[2] 이빨부리고래속 중에서 가장 먼저 기술되었다. 영국의 자연학자 겸 화가인 소워비(James Sowerby)가 1800년에 스코틀랜드 모라이 퍼스(Moray Firth)에 좌초한 고래의 두개골로부터 1804년에 처음 기술했다. 종소명 "비덴스"(bidens)는 턱에 나 있는 2개의 이빨에서 유래했으며, 현재 이빨부리고래속에 포함되는 종들의 대표적인 특징이다.[3]

각주

  1. Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2008). Mesoplodon bidens. 《IUCN 적색 목록》 (IUCN) 2008: e.T13241A3424903. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T13241A3424903.en. 2018년 1월 12일에 확인함.
  2. Mead, J.G.; Brownell, R.L., Jr. (2005). 〈Order Cetacea〉 [고래목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 723–743쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Sharks and Whales (Carwardine et al. 2002), p. 358.
  • Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Edited by William F. Perrin, Bernd Wursig, and J.G.M Thewissen. Academic Press, 2002. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
  • Sea Mammals of the World. Written by Randall R. Reeves, Brent S. Steward, Phillip J. Clapham, and James A. Owell. A & C Black, London, 2002. ISBN 0-7136-6334-0
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소워비부리고래: Brief Summary ( Corean )

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소워비부리고래 또는 북대서양부리고래(Mesoplodon bidens)는 부리고래과 이빨부리고래속에 속하는 고래의 일종이다. 이빨부리고래속 중에서 가장 먼저 기술되었다. 영국의 자연학자 겸 화가인 소워비(James Sowerby)가 1800년에 스코틀랜드 모라이 퍼스(Moray Firth)에 좌초한 고래의 두개골로부터 1804년에 처음 기술했다. 종소명 "비덴스"(bidens)는 턱에 나 있는 2개의 이빨에서 유래했으며, 현재 이빨부리고래속에 포함되는 종들의 대표적인 특징이다.

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Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자

Diet ( Anglèis )

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squid and small fish

Arferiment

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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North Atlantic (Eastern and Western), including North sea; considered rare in Canadian waters

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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also in shelf areas

Arferiment

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Jacob van der Land [email]

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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offshore

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

IUCN Red List Category ( Anglèis )

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Data Deficient (DD)

Arferiment

IUCN (2008) Cetacean update of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Perrin, William [email]