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Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

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Observers frequently confuse Atlantic white-sided dolphins with white-beaked dolphins since the latter also have conspicuous areas of white on their flanks. It has been reported that the white-beaked dolphin is by far the commonest dolphin in Shetland coastal waters, as exemplified by ferry crossings between Grutness and Fair Isle and research cruises that have been conducted east of Shetland (Shetland Wildlife 1999).

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Lundrigan, B. and D. Tarr 2000. "Lagenorhynchus albirostris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lagenorhynchus_albirostris.html
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Behavior ( Anglèis )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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White-beaked dolphins are hunted along the coasts of several Northern Atlantic countries including Norway, Iceland and Newfoundland. Like other North Atlantic marine mammals, white-beaked dolphins are poisoned by organochlorides, other anthropogenic compounds, and heavy metals. The impact of these factors on the population are unknown. Some populations have apparently grown in the last thirty years or so, while others (including those in the Gulf of Maine) have declined (Reeves 1999).

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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The principle prey of the white-beaked dolphin includes clupeids, gadids and hake. Other fish, squid, octopus and benthic crustaceans are also eaten (Reeves et al. 1999).

Animal Foods: fish; mollusks; aquatic crustaceans

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore )

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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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North Atlantic and adjacent waters from Davis Strait and Cape Cod to Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, Portugal and possibly Turkey (Nowak 1999).

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris generally occurs in cool waters. This species moves north into Davis Strait during the spring and summer, then moves back in the autumn and spends the winter as far south as Cape Cod (Nowak 1999).

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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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The white-beaked dolphin has a robust body, with a short, thick beak about 5-8 cm long in adults. The beak is distinctly set off from the melon. The dorsal fin is at mid-body. It is proportionally large (up to 15% of body length), often rounded at the peak, and strongly recurved. Both the dorsal fin and the flukes apparently decrease in size relative to other body dimensions as the dolphin ages. The pointed flippers can be up to 19% of the total adult length. The thickened tail stock tapers gradually, in marked contrast to that of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Reeves 1999).

The coloration of this species shows considerable variability. The beak of most white-beaked dolphins is white, often mottled with light grey or with greyish or blackish spots, but in some, it is almost entirely grey (though paler than the head). The dark dorsal field anterior to the dorsal fin is sometimes separated from the dark melon by a transverse light grey stripe, a brownish-grey patch or a bold whitish "chevron" around and behind the blowhole. It may extend downwards from the melon to encircle the eye. In front of the dark grey zones on the sides, there is a paler grey, rather ill-defined thoracic patch. Above and behind this patch, between the dark grey dorsal and lateral fields, the body is varying shades of light grey to nearly white. The whitish or light grey flank pigmentation extends dorsally onto the back behind the dorsal fin. The underside is white, with the white central part of the abdomen forming a narrow band between two pale grey patches. The flukes, the tail stock immediately in front of the flukes, and the flippers, are generally dark, but often spotted or marbled with white near the insertions of the flippers and on the undersides of the flukes. Four to six hair follicles are present on each side of the upper jaw. Hairs are present on the upper lip of young individuals (Reeves et al. 1999).

Average mass: 200 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Barbara Lundrigan, Michigan State University
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Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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Calves are born between June and September. At birth they are about 115 cm long and weigh 40 kg. They reach sexual maturity at a length of 1.95 m ( http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/jaap/lag-albi.htm).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

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Biology ( Anglèis )

fornì da Arkive
The white-beaked dolphin is an extremely active, fast-swimming species. They often ride the bow of boats and may be seen breaching (leaping out of the water and landing back in the water with a splash) or clearing the water when swimming fast (5). It is a social species that forms groups of between 1 to 35 individuals, but occasionally groups of up to 1,500 have been observed (6). It feeds on schooling fish, crustaceans and cephalopods (2). A single calf is born in summer (7), measuring 1.2 metres in length at birth (2). A range of vocalisations including bursts of clicks and squeals are used to communicate, and may also be important in detecting prey and navigation (7).
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Conservation ( Anglèis )

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A UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species, the white-beaked dolphin is protected in UK waters by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Orders, 1985; it is illegal to intentionally kill, injure, or harass any cetacean (whale or dolphin) species in UK waters (4). The Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans in the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS) has been signed by seven European countries, including the UK. Provision is made under this agreement to set up protected areas, promote research and monitoring, pollution control and increase public awareness (4).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Despite the common and Latin names (albirostris means 'white beak' (2)), the short, stocky beak of the white-beaked dolphin is not always white. It may be black and white, grey and white, completely white or even black in colour in certain parts of the range (5). This large dolphin has a rotund body, with a high dorsal fin placed in the centre of the back, behind which there is a characteristic greyish white patch that allows this species to be easily identified (5). The back, tail and flippers are black or grey in colour, and the belly is white or pale grey (5).
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Prefers cool waters (6), and spends most of the year in deep offshore waters, but may move closer to shore in summer (5). It is found widely over the continental shelf, but especially along the shelf edge (8).
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Range ( Anglèis )

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Inhabits northern oceans (5), the distribution reaches north to Iceland, the Greenland Sea and around central-west Greenland (4), but this species is rarely seen further south than Britain and Ireland (5). It is common in UK and Irish waters, most often seen in the central and northern North Sea to north-west Scotland, but it also occurs less frequently in southern Ireland, the western Channel, and the Irish Sea (4). This species is most common in UK waters between June and September, but it is present throughout the year in northern British waters (4).
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Status ( Anglèis )

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Classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1). Listed on Annex IV of the EC Habitats Directive, Appendix II of the Bonn Convention (North and Baltic Sea populations) and Appendix II of the Bern Convention (3). All cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are listed on Annex A of EU Council Regulation 338/97; they are therefore treated by the EU as if they are included in CITES Appendix I, so that commercial trade is prohibited. In the UK all cetaceans are fully protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 and the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Order, 1985 (4).
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Threats ( Anglèis )

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Known threats include environmental changes and the risk of entanglement in fishing nets (by-catch) and subsequent suffocation (5). Furthermore, this species has been hunted in Norway, the Faroe Islands and Greenland; this still persists in some areas (5).
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Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da Ecomare
Witsnuitdolfijnen zijn onstuimige zwemmers en surfen graag op boeggolven van schepen. Ze leven in groepen van zes tot twintig dieren. De witsnuit komt sinds ongeveer 1955 regelmatig in de Noordzee voor en is nu de meest algemene dolfijnensoort in de Noordzee. Waarschijnlijk leven er in de Noordzee tussen de 7000 en 8000 witsnuitdolfijnen. De laatste jaren zien onderzoekers wel een daling in het aantal witsnuiten. Hoe dat komt is nog onduidelijk, maar de opwarming van het zeewater wordt als mogelijke oorzaak gezien.
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Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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White-beaked dolphins are boisterous swimmers and like to surf in the waves of ship bows. They live in groups of six to twenty animals. Since around 1955, the white-beaked dolphin is seen regularly in the North Sea. It is presently the most common dolphin species in the North Sea. There are probably between 7000 and 8000 white-beaked dolphins swimming here. Scientists have seen a decline in recent years. It is still unclear; however the warming up of the seawater is seen as a possible cause.
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Diagnostic Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
White-beaked dolphins are extremely robust. The beak is short and thick, but set-off from the melon by a crease. The dorsal fin is tall and falcate, with a pointed tip. The colour pattern is highly variable, but the animals are mostly black to dark grey. The beak and most of the belly are white to light grey, and the beak, especially, is often mottled. An area of light grey with an indistinct border originating on the upper flank broadens to cover most of the tail stock. There is often dark or light flecking in the region between the eye and the flipper. Each half of each jaw is lined with 22 to 28 sharp teeth. Can be confused with: White-beaked dolphins are most likely to be confused with Atlantic white-sided dolphins (p. 146) from which they can be distinguished by differences in coloration and beak length. In the few areas where they overlap with bottlenose dolphins (p. 154), care must be taken to distinguish between these 2; colour-pattern differences are most useful.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Size ( Anglèis )

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Adults are up to 3.2 m in length (males grow larger than females). Newborns are between 1.2 and 1.6 m.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
Groups of less than 50 are most common, but herds of many hundreds have been seen. These animals are active, often leaping and breaching. While feeding they sometimes associate with large whales. There appears to be a calving peak in summer and early autumn, but not much is known about reproduction in this species. White-beaked dolphins feed on a variety of small schooling fishes, squid, and crustaceans.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Benefits ( Anglèis )

fornì da FAO species catalogs
There is a long history of hunting for white-beaked dolphins in Norway, the Faeroe Islands, Greenland, and Labrador. Hunting in some areas continues today. Incidental catches in fishing gear occur, but are not thought to be high enough to represent a threat to this species. IUCN: Insufficiently known.
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Marine mammals of the world. Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood & M.A. Webber - 1993. FAO species identification guide. Rome, FAO. 320 p. 587 figs. . 
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN

Delfin beg gwenn ( Breton )

fornì da wikipedia BR
lang="br" dir="ltr">

An delfin beg gwenn (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) a zo ur morvil dantek.

Tiriad an delfin beg gwenn.
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Dofí de musell blanc ( Catalan; Valensian )

fornì da wikipedia CA

El dofí de musell blanc (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) és un mamífer marí de la família dels delfínids (dofins), dins el subordre dels odontocets. És un dels dofins més grans (110–120 cm en néixer i 250–270 cm a l'adultesa). El dofí es caracteritza pel seu musell curt i gruixut de color blanc crema i per la seva aleta dorsal molt corbada. És endèmic de l'oceà Atlàntic nord i viu en una zona que va des del Cap Cod, la desembocadura del riu Sant Llorenç i Groenlàndia meridional a l'oest, passant per Islàndia al centre, fins al nord de França i Svalbard a l'est.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Dofí de musell blanc Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Dofí de musell blanc: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Dolffin Pigwyn ( Galèis )

fornì da wikipedia CY

Mamal sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Delphinidae ydy'r Dolffin Pigwyn sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: dolffiniaid pigwyn (Lladin: Lagenorhynchus albirostris; Saesneg: White-beaked dolphin).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop a Chefnfor yr Iwerydd ac ar adegau mae i'w ganfod ger arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Lleiaf o Bryder' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth.[1]

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan www.marinespecies.org; adalwyd 4 Mai 2014
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Dolffin Pigwyn: Brief Summary ( Galèis )

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Mamal sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Delphinidae ydy'r Dolffin Pigwyn sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: dolffiniaid pigwyn (Lladin: Lagenorhynchus albirostris; Saesneg: White-beaked dolphin).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop a Chefnfor yr Iwerydd ac ar adegau mae i'w ganfod ger arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Lleiaf o Bryder' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth.

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Plískavice bělonosá ( Cech )

fornì da wikipedia CZ

Plískavice bělonosá (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) je druh kytovce z čeledi delfínovití (Delphinidae). Je to endemický druh obývající sever Atlantského oceánu.

Popis

Jedná se o robustní druh delfína s krátkým krémově bílým zobákem. Má srpovitě zakřivenou hřbetní ploutev. Jsou lehce zaměninitelní za plískavici bělobokou, jsou však větší a nemají po stranách žluté pruhy. Dospělci měří na délku od 2,3 až 3,1 metru a váží od 180 do 354 kilogramů.

Galerie

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku White-beaked dolphin na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]

Externí odkazy

Pahýl
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Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.
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Plískavice bělonosá: Brief Summary ( Cech )

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Plískavice bělonosá (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) je druh kytovce z čeledi delfínovití (Delphinidae). Je to endemický druh obývající sever Atlantského oceánu.

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Hvidnæse ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Hvidnæsen (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er en stor delfin med en længde på op til omkring 3 meter. I østlige bestande er det korte og tykke næb hvidt, mens det mod vest generelt er mørkere. Rygfinnen er karakteristisk høj og seglformet, især hos hanner. Hvidnæsen kaldes ligesom andre delfiner undertiden for springeren. Den hører hjemme i det nordlige Atlanterhav og findes i et bånd over oceanet fra Cape Cod, det sydlige Grønland, rundt om Island til Svalbard. Enkelte individer kan vandre ind i Østersøen eller ned til Biscayen.[2]

Det er den næstmest almindelige hvalart i Danmark efter marsvinet.[3] Den yngler i Nordsøen, hvad fundet af nyfødte kalve på den jyske vestkyst understøtter.

Hvidnæsen er ikke i så høj grad tilpasset arktiske forhold som f.eks. hvidhvalen og narhvalen. Hvidnæsen kan nemt forveksles med hvidskæving. Hvidnæsen er dog typisk større og har ikke det gule bånd på haleroden. Den globale population menes at være mindst hundrede tusinde individer.[1]

Hvidnæsen er akrobatisk og socialt anlagt. De rider ofte på skibes bovbølger på hurtige både, og hopper fri af vandoverfladen. Hvidnæsen er set i selskab med spækhuggere og finhvaler samt andre delfinarter.[3]

Billeder

Kilder

  1. ^ a b Hammond, P.S., et al. (2012). Lagenorhynchus albirostris. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Hentet den 31. oktober 2017.
  2. ^ Hans J. Baagøe, Thomas Secher Jensen (2007): Dansk Pattedyratlas. ISBN 978-87-02-05506-1. Læs online
  3. ^ a b Cawardine, Mark (1995), Hvaler og delfiner i farver, oversat af Carl Christian Kinze, Politikens Forlag, s. 212-213, ISBN 87-567-5636-4.
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Hvidnæse: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Hvidnæsen (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er en stor delfin med en længde på op til omkring 3 meter. I østlige bestande er det korte og tykke næb hvidt, mens det mod vest generelt er mørkere. Rygfinnen er karakteristisk høj og seglformet, især hos hanner. Hvidnæsen kaldes ligesom andre delfiner undertiden for springeren. Den hører hjemme i det nordlige Atlanterhav og findes i et bånd over oceanet fra Cape Cod, det sydlige Grønland, rundt om Island til Svalbard. Enkelte individer kan vandre ind i Østersøen eller ned til Biscayen.

Det er den næstmest almindelige hvalart i Danmark efter marsvinet. Den yngler i Nordsøen, hvad fundet af nyfødte kalve på den jyske vestkyst understøtter.

Hvidnæsen er ikke i så høj grad tilpasset arktiske forhold som f.eks. hvidhvalen og narhvalen. Hvidnæsen kan nemt forveksles med hvidskæving. Hvidnæsen er dog typisk større og har ikke det gule bånd på haleroden. Den globale population menes at være mindst hundrede tusinde individer.

Hvidnæsen er akrobatisk og socialt anlagt. De rider ofte på skibes bovbølger på hurtige både, og hopper fri af vandoverfladen. Hvidnæsen er set i selskab med spækhuggere og finhvaler samt andre delfinarter.

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Weißschnauzendelfin ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Der Weißschnauzendelfin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) ist ein Meeressäuger aus der Gattung der Kurzschnauzendelfine (Lagenorhynchus). Er lebt nur im Nordatlantik und stellt dort den Vertreter seiner Gattung mit dem nördlichsten Verbreitungsgebiet überhaupt dar.

Merkmale

Mit einer Größe von 1,10 bis 1,20 Metern bei der Geburt und einer durchschnittlichen Größe von 2,75 Metern im Erwachsenenalter gehört der Weißschnauzendelfin zu den größeren Delfinen. Die Tiere erreichen ein Gewicht bis zu 350 Kilogramm, Männchen sind etwas größer als die Weibchen.

Der Weißschnauzendelfin ist durch seine kurze kräftige cremefarbene Schnauze gekennzeichnet, auf die auch der Name dieser Art zurückgeht. Diese ist auch anatomisch deutlich vom Kopf abgesetzt. Ein weiteres deutliches Merkmal ist die sichelförmig nach hinten gebogene Rückenflosse, die als Finne bezeichnet wird. Die Brustflossen oder Flipper sind an der Basis sehr breit und an der Spitze leicht abgerundet. Der Schwanzstiel ist bauch- und rückenseits gekielt, der Hinterrand der Schwanzflosse oder Fluke ist konkav gerundet und mäßig eingekerbt.

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Modell-Weißschnauzendelfin

Der Rücken und die Seiten des Wales sind dunkelgrau bis schwarz, wobei sich an den Seiten jeweils zwei hellgraue Felder befinden, die auch ineinander übergehen können. Sämtliche Flossen sind ebenfalls schwarz, der Bauch und die Kehle dagegen weiß gefärbt. Bezüglich der Färbung besteht allerdings eine hohe Variabilität. So kann die Unterseite der Fluke mit weißen Flecken gesprenkelt sein oder eine dunkle Streifung vom Mund zur Brustflosse ziehen. Besonders die Form und die Verschmelzung der Seitenflecke variieren sehr stark.

Die Tiere haben mit 88 bis 93 Wirbeln die größte Wirbelanzahl aller Wale. Die Anzahl der kegelförmigen Zähne liegt mit 22 bis 25 Paar je Kiefer hingegen verglichen mit anderen Delfinen relativ niedrig.

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Skelett eines Weißschnauzendelfins

Der Weißschnauzendelfin wird oft mit dem Weißseitendelfin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) verwechselt, obgleich dieser im Allgemeinen weiter im Norden anzutreffen ist. Des Weiteren ist der Weißschnauzendelfin gewöhnlich größer und hat keine gelben Streifen auf seiner Seite.

Verbreitung

Der Weißschnauzendelfin ist nur im Nordatlantik verbreitet und daher eine endemische Art. Das Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich in einem Band über den Ozean von Cape Cod, der Mündung des Sankt-Lorenz-Stroms und Südgrönland im Westen, um Island, hinüber nach Nordfrankreich und Spitzbergen im Osten.

In europäischen Gewässern ist er vor allem um Island verbreitet, daneben findet man ihn häufig vor Norwegen, Großbritannien, Irland, Deutschland, den Niederlanden und Dänemark. Regelmäßige Sichtungen stammen auch aus der westlichen Ostsee. Aus Nordfrankreich sind bislang erst wenige Sichtungen und Strandungen bekannt. Aus den Meeresgebieten südlich des Ärmelkanals sind keine derartigen Ereignisse bekannt, weshalb angenommen werden kann, dass der Delfin wahrscheinlich dort nicht vorkommt.

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Verbreitung des Weißschnauzendelfins

Wie auch andere Wale wandern die Weißschnauzendelfine im Frühjahr nordwärts, oft bis an den Rand des Packeises. Im Winter halten sich die Tiere in gemäßigteren Bereichen des Nordatlantik auf.

Lebensweise

Die Weißschnauzendelfine leben vor allem im Pelagial der Gewässer, kommen jedoch auch bis an die Küsten und in die küstennahen Bereiche. Zur Jagd und in der Paarungszeit treten die Weißschnauzendelfine in Schulen von 6 bis 30 Tieren auf, es wurden aber auch schon Gruppen von bis zu 1.500 Tieren beobachtet. Auch gemischte Gruppen mit anderen Kleinwalen, vor allem dem Großen Tümmler (Tursiops truncatus) und dem Weißseitendelfin, sowie mit Großwalen wie dem Finnwal (Balaenoptera physalus) wurden gesichtet.

Die Meeressäuger ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Schwarmfischen bis zur Größe von Makrelen und Tintenfischen. Gelegentlich nehmen sie auch Beutetiere zu sich, die auf dem Meeresboden leben, etwa verschiedene Krebstiere. Als Feinde sind besonders bei den jungen Delfinen wahrscheinlich Haie und der Große Schwertwal (Orcinus orca) zu nennen, Belege dafür gibt es allerdings keine.

Die Größe der Population wird auf mehrere hunderttausend Exemplare geschätzt, wobei die Tiere im Osten ihres Verbreitungsgebietes häufiger vorkommen als im Westen.

Fortpflanzung und Entwicklung

Man nimmt aufgrund von untersuchten Tieren an, dass die Geschlechtsreife etwa ab einer Länge von 2,50 Metern beginnt. Dies kann jedoch nicht auf das Alter übertragen werden, da Wachstumsuntersuchungen fehlen.

Aufgrund der Häufung von Jungtieren bei Strandungen im Juli bis September wird angenommen, dass die Geburtszeit in den Hochsommer fällt, über die Trächtigkeitsdauer und die Paarungszeiten sowie die Paarungsgebiete ist dagegen nichts bekannt.

Die Geburtslänge der Weißschnauzendelfine beträgt etwa 1,20 Meter, doch weder die Wachstumsrate noch das maximale Alter der Tiere sind bekannt.

Systematik

Der Weißschnauzendelfin wurde als erste Art der Gattung Lagenorhynchus 1846 von John Edward Gray beschrieben.

In die gleiche Gattung der Kurzschnauzendelfine werden außerdem vier weitere Arten eingeordnet. Dabei handelt es sich um den Weißstreifendelfin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), den Schwarzdelfin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), den Peale-Delfin (Lagenorhynchus australis) und den Stundenglasdelfin (Lagenorhynchus cruciger). Phylogenetische Untersuchungen zu dieser Gruppe existieren bislang nicht.

Bedrohung und Schutz

Der Weißschnauzendelfin wird als Art mit nur sehr geringer wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung eingestuft. Es gab in der Vergangenheit durch Fischerei und Walfänge an den Küsten Kanadas, Grönlands und Skandinaviens gelegentliche Fänge der Tiere, sie waren jedoch meist nicht gezielt auf diese Wale gerichtet. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurden Weißschnauzendelfine offensichtlich regelmäßig im Osten Kanadas von Indianern in Buchten getrieben und dort getötet. 1983 wurden fünf Tiere lebend für das Aquarium in Mystic (Connecticut) gefangen. Weitere Berichte über Lebendfänge gibt es nicht.

Wie bei vielen anderen Walen stellt auch für die Weißschnauzendelfine die Verschmutzung der Meere eine Belastung dar, genaue Zahlen dazu existieren jedoch nicht. In seiner Speckschicht konnten verschiedene fettlösliche Umweltgifte wie polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) und Schwermetalle wie Blei, Cadmium und Quecksilber festgestellt werden. Auch eine Belastung mit Heptachlorepoxid, dem Abbauprodukt des ehemals weit verbreiteten, in Deutschland aber inzwischen verbotenen Pflanzenschutzmittels Heptachlor, konnte für diese Art nachgewiesen werden.

Der Weißschnauzendelfin fällt wie alle Kleinwale nicht unter die Schutzbestimmungen der Internationalen Walfangkommission (IWC). Er ist allerdings durch das Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommen im Anhang II gelistet, ein internationaler Handel mit entsprechenden Delfinprodukten ist entsprechend untersagt. Hinzu kommen spezielle Gesetze in verschiedenen Staaten, die die Jagd und den Handel mit Delfinen reglementieren.

Literatur

  • Anders Galatius, Carl Christian Kinze: Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Cetacea: Delphinidae). Mammalian Species 48 (933), 5. August 2016; S. 35–47. DOI:10.1093/mspecies/sew003
  • J. Niethammer, F. Krapp (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 6. Meeressäuger, T 1a. Wale und Delphine 1. Aula, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-89104-559-X
  • R. R. Reeves, B. S. Stewart, P. J. Clapham, J. A. Powell: Sea Mammals of the World. A Complete Guide to Whales, Dolphins, Seals, Sea Lions and Sea Cows. Black, London 2002, ISBN 0-7136-6334-0
  • Mark Carwardine: Wale und Delfine. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3768824736
  • Mark Carwardine: Delphine – Biologie, Verbreitung, Beobachtung in freier Wildbahn. Naturbuch, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-226-1
  • Ralf Kiefner: Wale und Delfine weltweit. Jahr Top Special, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-86132-620-5
  • Gérard Soury: Das große Buch der Delphine. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 1997, ISBN 3-7688-1063-1
  • Maurizio Würtz, N. Repetto: Underwater World. Dolphins and Whales. White Star Guides, Vercelli 2003, ISBN 88-8095-943-3
  • Tsuneo Nakamura: Dolphins. Chronicle Books, San Francisco 1997, ISBN 0-8118-1621-4

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Weißschnauzendelfin: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Weißschnauzendelfin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) ist ein Meeressäuger aus der Gattung der Kurzschnauzendelfine (Lagenorhynchus). Er lebt nur im Nordatlantik und stellt dort den Vertreter seiner Gattung mit dem nördlichsten Verbreitungsgebiet überhaupt dar.

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White-beaked dolphin ( Anglèis )

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The white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is a marine mammal belonging to the family Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins) in the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales).

Taxonomy

The species was first described by the British taxonomist John Edward Gray in 1846. Due to its relative abundance in European waters, it was among the first of the genus Lagenorhynchus (lagenos, Latin for "bottle" or "flask"; rhynchos, "beak" or "snout") to be known to science. Its specific name, albirostris, translates to "white beak", a reference to the color of the species' beak, a diagnostic (albeit variable) trait useful in identification.[3]

Description

Skeleton

The white-beaked dolphin is a robust species of dolphin with a short beak. Adults can reach 2.3 to 3.1 m (7 ft 7 in to 10 ft 2 in) long and weigh 180 to 354 kg (397 to 780 lb). Calves are 1.1 to 1.2 m (3 ft 7 in to 3 ft 11 in) long at birth and probably weigh about 40 kg (88 lb).[4] The upper body and flanks are dark grey with light grey patches, including a 'saddle' behind the dorsal fin, while the underside is light grey to almost white in color. The flippers, fluke, and the tall, falcate, dorsal fin are all a darker grey than the body. As the common name implies, the beak is usually white in color, but it may be a dark, ashy grey, in some older individuals.[5]

White-beaked dolphins have 25 to 28 teeth in each jaw, although the three teeth closest to the front of the mouth are often not visible, failing to erupt from the gums. They have up to 92 vertebrae, more than any other species of oceanic dolphin. Although the young are born with two to four whiskers on each side of the upper lip, these disappear as they grow, and, as in other odontocetes, the adults are entirely hairless.[6] The humerus of the right flipper has been recorded as being longer and more robust than that on the left, indicating a degree of lateralized behavior.[7]

Distribution and habitat

Off the coast of Iceland

The white-beaked dolphin is endemic to the cold temperate and subarctic waters of the North Atlantic Ocean, most commonly in seas less than 1,000 m (3,300 ft) deep.[8] They are found in a band stretching across the ocean from Cape Cod, the mouth of the St. Lawrence River and southern Greenland in the west, around Iceland in the centre, and across in the west from northern France to Svalbard; however, they are not well adapted to truly Arctic conditions.[9] Due to the fact they are not fully adapted to Arctic conditions, they are more vulnerable to predators, most notably polar bears.[10] Within this wider region, white-beaked dolphins are most commonly found in four locales: on the Labrador Shelf close to southwestern Greenland, around Iceland, off the northern and eastern coasts of Britain, and off the coast of Norway.[6] In the Faroe Islands between Iceland and the United Kingdom the White-beaked dolphin is at risk of being hunted during drive catches of the long-finned pilot whales. They may also be incidentally trapped in the purse-sein and trawl nets of the area.[11] There are no recognised subspecies.

The dolphin may easily be misidentified as the Atlantic white-sided dolphin, although the white-beaked is commonly found further north. The white-beaked dolphin is also typically larger, and does not have yellow streaks on its side.

Biology and behavior

Off the coast of Scotland

The population, breeding pattern, and life expectancy of the dolphin are all unknown, although most sources estimate several hundred thousand individuals, more densely populated in the eastern North Atlantic than the west.

White-beaked dolphins feed predominantly on gadoid fishes, particularly cod, haddock, and whiting.[12][13] They are social animals, most commonly found in groups of less than ten,[6] but sometimes in much larger associations of over a hundred individuals.[14] Their sonar clicks have a peak frequency of 115 kHz,[15] while their social whistles are at around 35 kHz, and can be audible to others of their species at distances of up to 10 km (6.2 mi).[16]

White-beaked dolphins are acrobatic; they will frequently ride on the bow wave of high-speed boats and jump clear of the sea's surface. Although they are normally much slower, they can swim at up to 30 km/h (19 mph) and can dive to at least 45 m (148 ft) depth.[6] They are social feeders and have frequently been observed feeding with killer, fin, and humpback whales, as well as other dolphin species.

Mating probably takes place in the summer,[17] with calves being born in the following year, between June and September.[13] Females reach their adult size at around five years of age, and are sexually mature at six to ten years, while males reach adult size at around ten years, and reach sexual maturity about two years later than females.[6]

Conservation

The North and Baltic Sea populations of the white-beaked dolphin are listed on Appendix II[18] of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), since they have an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements.[19]

In addition, the white-beaked dolphin is covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS).[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ Kiszka, J.; Braulik, G. (2018). "Lagenorhynchus albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T11142A50361346. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T11142A50361346.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ Reeves, Randall; Brent Stewart; Phillip Clapham & James Powell (2002). National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. Knopf. pp. 395–397. ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  4. ^ Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. (2006). Whales, Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World. Princeton Field Guides. pp. 199–200. ISBN 9780691127569.
  5. ^ Bertulli, C.G.; et al. (July 2016). "Color patterns in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from Iceland". Marine Mammal Science. 32 (3): 1072–1098. doi:10.1111/mms.12312.
  6. ^ a b c d e Galatius, A. & Kinze, C.C. (August 2016). "Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Cetacea: Delphinidae)". Mammalian Species. 48 (933): 35–47. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sew003.
  7. ^ Galatius, A. (2006). "Bilateral directional asymmetry of the appendicular skeleton of the white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)". Aquatic Mammals. 32 (2): 232–235. doi:10.1578/AM.32.2.2006.232.
  8. ^ Hansen, R.G. & Heide-Jørgensen, M.P. (November 2013). "Spatial trends in abundance of long-finned pilot whales, white-beaked dolphins and harbour porpoises in West Greenland". Marine Biology. 160 (11): 2929–2941. doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2283-8. S2CID 84752148.
  9. ^ Polar bears eating dolhins as waters warm Bloomberg News, retrieved June 12, 2015
  10. ^ Aars, J.; Andersen, M; Brenière, A.; Blanc, S. (2015). "White-beaked dolphins trapped in the ice and eaten by polar bears". Polar Research. 34: 26612. doi:10.3402/polar.v34.26612.
  11. ^ Francoise Van Bressem, Burville, Sharpe, Berggren, Van Waerebeek, Marie, Ben, Matt, Per, Koen. "Visual health assessment of white-beaked dolphins off the coast of Northumberland, North Sea, using underwater photography". Wiley Online Library. Marine Mammal Science. Retrieved 26 March 2021. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Jansen, O.E.; et al. (December 2010). "Are white-beaked dolphins Lagenorhynchus albirostris food specialists? Their diet in the southern North Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 90 (8): 1501–1508. doi:10.1017/S0025315410001190. S2CID 55878106.
  13. ^ a b Canning, S.J.; et al. (September 2008). "Seasonal distribution of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in UK waters with new information on diet and habitat use". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 88 (6): 1159–1166. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000076. S2CID 85215744.
  14. ^ Fall J. & Skern-Mauritzen, M. (May 2014). "White-beaked dolphin distribution and association with prey in the Barents Sea". Marine Biology Research. 10 (10): 957–971. doi:10.1080/17451000.2013.872796. S2CID 86542432.
  15. ^ Rasmussen, M.H. & Miller, L.A. (2002). "Whistles and clicks from white-beaked dolphins, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, recorded in Faxaflói Bay, Iceland" (PDF). Aquatic Mammals. 28 (1): 78–89.
  16. ^ Rasmussen, M.H.; et al. (January 2006). "Source levels and harmonic content of whistles in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 120 (1): 510–517. Bibcode:2006ASAJ..120..510R. doi:10.1121/1.2202865. PMID 16875247.
  17. ^ Galatius, A.; Jansen, O.E. & Kinze, C.C. (July 2012). "Parameters of growth and reproduction of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from the North Sea". Marine Mammal Science. 29 (2): 348–355. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00568.x.
  18. ^ "Appendix II Archived 11 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine" of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). As amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008. Effective: 5 March 2009.
  19. ^ Convention on Migratory Species page on the White-beaked dolphin
  20. ^ Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas
  • Whales Dolphins and Porpoises, Mark Carwardine, Dorling Kindersley Handbooks, ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell, ISBN 0-375-41141-0

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White-beaked dolphin: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is a marine mammal belonging to the family Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins) in the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales).

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El delfín de hocico blanco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) es una especie de cetáceo odontoceto de la familia Delphinidae que habita las aguas del Atlántico Norte.

Descripción

Mide alrededor de 2,5-2,7 metros en la edad adulta. Se caracteriza por su cara de color blanco y hocico redondeado. No se encuentra tan bien adaptado como la beluga a las condiciones del Ártico.

Población y distribución

Endémico del Atlántico Norte se puede ver en las costas de Nueva Inglaterra, Groenlandia, hasta el norte de Francia.

Referencias

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Delfines de hocico blanco.

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El delfín de hocico blanco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) es una especie de cetáceo odontoceto de la familia Delphinidae que habita las aguas del Atlántico Norte.

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Valgekoondelfiin ( Éston )

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Valgekoondelfiin

Valgekoondelfiin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) on delfiinlaste sugukonda kuuluv mereimetaja.

Valgekoondelfiinist on teada leid 2008. aastal Tallinna lahest[viide?].

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Izurde muturzuri ( Basch )

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Izurde muturzuri (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) Lagenorhynchus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Delphinidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Gray (1846) 17 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 84. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Izurde muturzuri: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Izurde muturzuri (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) Lagenorhynchus generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Delphinidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Valkokuonodelfiini ( Finlandèis )

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Valkokuonodelfiini eli kirjokuonodelfiini eli valkonokkadelfiini (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) on Pohjois-Atlantilla elävä delfiinilaji, jonka maailmanlaajuisen kannan kooksi arvioidaan yli satatuhatta yksilöä. Molekyylianalyysien perusteella se ei ole läheistä sukua muille valkokuvedelfiinilajeille (Lagenorhynchus), joten sen taksonominen luokittelu saattaa muuttua. Myös Pohjois-Atlantin itä- ja länsiosissa elävistä valkokuonodelfiineistä on löydetty morfologisia eroavaisuuksia.[1] Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta on ehdottanut lajille uutta suomenkielistä nimeä kirjokuonodelfiini.[2]

Koko ja ulkonäkö

 src=
Koko suhteessa ihmiseen.

Valkokuonodelfiinin pullea ruumis painaa keskimäärin 200 kilogrammaa, mutta suurimmat yksilöt voivat kasvaa 350 kg:n painoisiksi[3]. Lajilla on lyhyt, leveä kuono, joka on 5–8 senttimetriä pitkä. Koko ruumis on noin 2,8 metrin mittainen.[3] Suhteellisen pitkä, kaareva selkäevä on kärjestä pyöreä ja sijaitsee keskellä selkää. Sekä selkä- että rintaevät pienenevät iän myötä suhteessa muun ruumiin kokoon. Toisin kuin valkokuvedelfiinillä, valkokuonodelfiinin paksu pyrstö kapenee haarojen tyveä kohti.[4]

Valkokuonodelfiinien väritys vaihtelee suuresti. Niiden kuono on yleensä valkoinen ja harmaiden tai mustien täplien peitossa – se voi kuitenkin olla myös täysin harmaa. Selkäevän etupuoli ja otsakumpu ovat tummat. Joskus niitä erottaa toisistaan poikittainen vaaleanharmaa juova, harmaanruskea läiskä tai valkoinen alue, joka ympäröi puhallusreikää ja joillakin yksilöillä myös silmiä. Sivuilla on tummanharmaat alueet, joiden etupuolella rinnassa on vaaleampi, epämääräisenmuotoinen laikku. Laikun yläpuolella ja takana delfiinin iho on kirjavanharmaa tai lähes valkoinen selkäevän taakse asti. Vatsapuolella on keskellä kapea valkoinen nauha ja reunoilla vaaleanharmaat läiskät. Pyrstö ja rintaevät ovat yleensä tummat, ja pyrstönhaarojen alapuolella ja evien tyvessä on valkoisia täpliä. Yläleuan molemmissa puoliskoissa on 4–6 karvatuppea, mutta karvoja niissä on vain poikasilla.[4]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Valkokuonodelfiinit elävät Pohjois-Atlantin viileissä ja subarktisissa vesissä. Pohjois-Amerikassa niitä esiintyy Cape Codin niemimaalta Davisinsalmeen ulottuvalla vyöhykkeellä. Euroopassa valkokuonodelfiinejä tavataan Islannin, Färsaarten, Ison-Britannian ja Norjan aluevesillä. Levinneisyysalue ulottuu etelässä Ranskan rannikolle ja pohjoisessa Huippuvuorille sekä Novaja Zemljalle. Itämeressä ne ovat kuitenkin erittäin harvinaisia.[1]

Valkokuonodelfiinit pysyttelevät enimmäkseen avomerellä, mannerjalustan ja sen reunan tuntumassa, missä vesi on enintään 200 metriä syvää. Pohjois-Amerikan rannikolla ne ovat siirtyneet 1970-luvun jälkeen kauemmas avomerelle lähelle mannerjalustan reunaa valkokuvedelfiinien syrjäyttäminä.[1]

Lajia ei ole tavattu nykyisen Suomen merialueilla. Neuvostoliitolle luovutettuihin alueisiin kuuluvan Terijoen Kuokkalasta pyydystettiin kesällä 1935 valkokuonodelfiini, jonka jäännöksiä säilytetään nykyisin Helsingin yliopiston kokoelmissa.[3][5] Korppoon saaristossa liikkui marraskuussa 2006 kaksi delfiiniä, joita aluksi luultiin valkokuonodelfiineiksi, mutta jotka myöhemmin osoittautuivat tavallisiksi delfiineiksi (Delphinus delphis).[6][7]

Elintavat ja käyttäytyminen

Valkokuonodelfiinien elintavat tunnetaan varsin huonosti. Niiden pääasiallista ravintoa ovat pienet parvikalat (turska, kolja, pikkuturska, partaturska, kummeliturska ja valkoturska) sekä äyriäiset ja kalmarit.[1] Sukukypsyyden ne saavuttavat noin 1,95 metrin pituisina. Poikaset syntyvät kesä- ja syyskuun välillä ja ovat syntyessään noin 115 senttimetriä pitkiä ja painavat 40 kilogrammaa.[4]

Valkokuonodelfiinit elävät parvissa, joihin kuuluu yleensä alle kolmekymmentäviisi mutta joskus jopa satoja tai tuhansia delfiinejä. Suuret parvet ovat kuitenkin harvinaisia ja muodostuvat todennäköisesti pienemmistä osaparvista.[4] Valkokuonodelfiinit voivat muodostaa myös sekaparvia muiden delfiinien kanssa tai hakeutua suurten hetulavalaiden vanaveteen etsiessään ravintoa.[1] Ne ovat taitavia hyppäämään jopa kohtisuoraan ylös vedestä ja uivat usein laivojen vierellä tai edessä.[4]

Valkokuonodelfiinejä pyydetään jonkin verran ihmisravinnoksi Norjassa, Färsaarilla, Gröönlannissa, Islannissa ja Labradorin niemimaalla. Niitä uhkaavat myös ympäristömyrkyt, kuten organokloriinit ja raskasmetallit, sekä joutuminen sivusaaliiksi kalaverkkoihin.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b c d e f g h Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B.: Lagenorhynchus albirostris IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 31.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta: Maailman nisäkkäiden suomenkieliset nimet (vahvistamaton ehdotus nisäkkäiden nimiksi) luomus.fi. 2008. Viitattu 28.9.2010.
  3. a b c Delfiinit tekevät kuolemaa. Tieteen Kuvalehti, 2007, nro 15, s. 75. ISSN 0903-5583.
  4. a b c d e Lundrigan, Barbara ja Tarr, Diana: Lagenorhynchus albirostris – White-beaked dolphin (html) Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology. Viitattu 7. maaliskuuta 2010. (englanniksi)
  5. Haukkovaara, Olli, 1997: Suomen ja pohjoisen Itämeren valaat, ver. 2.0. Nisäkäsverkko-postituslista ja uutisryhmä, 7.4.1997. URL: http://www.metla.fi/org/snis/suomen.valaat.html#lagealbi
  6. Halkka, Antti: Korppoon delfiinien visiitti jäi lyhyeksi. Suomen Luonto, 2006, nro 12, s. 12. Suomen luonnonsuojeluliitto.
  7. Itämeriportaali 14.11.2006: Saaristomeren delfiinit löytyivät kuolleina Luettu 6.1.2011

Aiheesta muualla

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Valkokuonodelfiini: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Valkokuonodelfiini eli kirjokuonodelfiini eli valkonokkadelfiini (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) on Pohjois-Atlantilla elävä delfiinilaji, jonka maailmanlaajuisen kannan kooksi arvioidaan yli satatuhatta yksilöä. Molekyylianalyysien perusteella se ei ole läheistä sukua muille valkokuvedelfiinilajeille (Lagenorhynchus), joten sen taksonominen luokittelu saattaa muuttua. Myös Pohjois-Atlantin itä- ja länsiosissa elävistä valkokuonodelfiineistä on löydetty morfologisia eroavaisuuksia. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta on ehdottanut lajille uutta suomenkielistä nimeä kirjokuonodelfiini.

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Dauphin à nez blanc ( Fransèis )

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris

Le dauphin à nez blanc (Lagenorhynchus alabastrites), aussi appelé dauphin à bec blanc ou encore lagénorhynque à bec blanc (Gray, 1846) est présent dans les eaux de l'Atlantique Nord. Il a un aileron très recourbé et un nez blanc.

Description

Cette espèce de dauphin est généralement de couleur très foncée, ses teintes variant du noir au bleu très foncé, à l'exception du bec et de la zone ventrale qui, eux, sont blancs. On note aussi la présence d'une zones plus claire sur son dos et ses flancs, derrière la nageoire dorsale. Le dauphin à bec blanc possède un aileron dorsal relativement développé et courbé qui, comme pour les autres dauphins, se situe au milieu de son dos. Son bec (ou Rostre) est relativement court mais néanmoins bien distinct[1].

Les individus adultes mesurent entre 2,3 m et 3,1 m., pour un poids allant de 180 à 354 kg. À la naissance les nouveau-nés pèsent environ 40 kg[2].

Habitat

Le dauphin à bec blanc est présent dans les eaux fraîche à froides de l'Atlantique Nord. On le retrouve sur les cotes nord-est des Amériques, la moitié sud du Groenland, ainsi que sur les cotes européennes, jusqu'au golfe de Gascogne, il est également considéré comme commun en Mer du Nord[1]. Cette espèce semble préférer les eaux peu profondes, à savoir moins de 200 m de profondeur[2].

Comportement

Le dauphin à bec blanc est une espèce grégaire, pouvant former des groupes allant jusqu'à 1500 individus, mais préférant généralement se déplacer par groupe de 6 à 10. Ils nagent à une vitesse moyenne allant de 19 à 37 km/h. Le dauphin à bec blanc saute très rarement hors de l'eau, il semble également éviter de s'approcher des bateaux, ce qui ne facilite pas son observation[1].

Alimentation

Il s'agit d'une espèces principalement piscivore, se nourrissant notamment de morues, de harengs et de merlans. Il lui arrive également de se nourrir de céphalopodes et de crustacés[1].

Reproduction

Les individus s'accouplent de juin à août dans les eaux froides et en automne dans les eaux plus chaudes[1]. La gestation dure environ 10 mois[2].

Notes et références

  1. a b c d et e A. Moreau, V. Levet, Mammifères marins du monde édition:EDDL, 127p.
  2. a b et c Graillot, Océane. Le dauphin à bec blanc. Thèse d'exercice, Médecine vétérinaire, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse -ENVT, 2015, 116 p.

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Dauphin à nez blanc: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris

Le dauphin à nez blanc (Lagenorhynchus alabastrites), aussi appelé dauphin à bec blanc ou encore lagénorhynque à bec blanc (Gray, 1846) est présent dans les eaux de l'Atlantique Nord. Il a un aileron très recourbé et un nez blanc.

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Deilf shocbhán ( Irlandèis )

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Ainmhí mara is ea an deilf shocbhán.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Údair agus eagarthóirí Vicipéid
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Arroaz careto ( Galissian )

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 src=
Arroaces caretos nadando.

O arroaz careto,[1] Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray, 1846, é unha especie de cetáceo odontoceto da familia dos delfínidos que habita nas augas do Atlántico Norte.

Descrición

Mide ao redor de 2,5-2,7 m na idade adulta. Caracterízase pola súa cara de cor branca co fociño arredondado.

Non está tan ben adaptado como a beluga ás condicións do Ártico.

Poboación e distribución

Endémico do Atlántico Norte, pódese ver nas costas de Nova Inglaterra, Groenlandia e, polo leste, até o norte de Francia.

Notas

  1. Lahuerta Mouriño, Fernando e Vázquez Álvarez, Francisco X (2000): Vocabulario multilingüe de organismos acuáticos. Santiago: Xunta de Galicia. ISBN 84-453-2913-8, p. 317.

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

Outros artigos

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Arroaz careto: Brief Summary ( Galissian )

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 src= Arroaces caretos nadando.

O arroaz careto, Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gray, 1846, é unha especie de cetáceo odontoceto da familia dos delfínidos que habita nas augas do Atlántico Norte.

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Hnýðingur ( Islandèis )

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Hnýðingur eða blettahnýðir (fræðiheiti: Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er hvalur af höfrungaætt og undirættbálk tannhvala. Hnýðingur er náskyldur leiftri (Lagenorhynchus acutus), en er talsvert stærri og frábrugðinn í litamynstri.

Lýsing

 src=
Módell af hnýðingi

Hnýðingar eru meðal stærstu höfrunga, þeir eru 1,1-1,2 m við fæðingu og verða fullvaxin dýr um 3 metra löng og vega 250-370 kílógrömm. Lítill munur er á stærð kynjanna en kýrnar eru þó heldur minni en tarfarnir. Hvalurinn er fremur gildvaxinn miðað við aðra höfrunga en samt mjög rennilegur. Latneskt tegundarheiti hnýðinga, albirostris, vísar til hinnar hvítu trjónu. Hún er stutt en fremur gild og ennið fremur lágt. Hornið er stórt og aftursveigt. Skrokklitur er misjafn milli einstaklinga en yfirleitt svartur eða dökkgrár en kviðurinn hvítur eða ljósgrár.

Útbreiðsla og hegðun

 src=
Beinagrind hnýðings

Útbreiðsla hnýðings er um norðanvert Norður-Atlantshaf og norður í Norður-Íshaf. Suðurmörk útbreiðslusvæðisins eru um það bil við landamæri Bandaríkjanna og Kanada i vestri og við Norður-Frakkland í austri. Í norðri nær svæðið allt að Nuuk á vesturströnd Grænlands og í austri norður fyrir Scoresbysund og allt norðaustur til Svalbarða. Hnýðingur er mun algengari við strendur Evrópu en við Norður-Ameríku.[2]

Hnýðingar halda sig yfirleitt á grunnsævi þó svo að þá megi oft sjá í stórum hópum á úthafssvæðum. Hnýðingar eru langalgengasta tegund höfrunga við strendur Íslands. Þeir sjást við suðvesturströnd Íslands einkum frá því í júní og fram í ágúst. Þéttleiki hnýðinga í Faxaflóa á sumrin tengist útbreiðslu sandsílis.

Fæðuöflun hnýðinga er að mestu óþekkt, en fáeinar rannsóknir sem hafa farið fram benda til þessa að ýmsar tegundir þorskfiska séu aðaluppistaða en einnig smokkfiskur, síld og loðna

Hnýðingar halda sig oftast í fremur litlum hópum, um eða innan við tíu dýr. Ekki er þó óalgengt að stærri hópar sjáist, allt að 1500 dýr.

Algengt er að hnýðingar elti skip og báta og syndi um stund í bógöldunni. Þeir stökkva gjarnan og þá oft nánast lóðrétt upp úr sjónum.

Eins og aðrar höfrungategundir gefa hnýðingar frá sér ýmis hljóð til samskipta. Tíðnisvið hljóðanna hjá hnýðingum er hærra en hjá nokkurri annarri höfrungategund.[3]

Veiðar og fjöldi

Ekkert er vitað um heildarstofnstærð hnýðings á útbreiðslusvæðinu. Við talningu Hafrannsóknarstofnunar á stórhvölum hafa minni hvalir einnig verið taldir og gögn þaðan benda til að fjöldi hnýðinga við Ísland nemi að minnsta kosti nokkrum tugum þúsunda.

Nokkuð var um veiðar á hnýðingi við Ísland á öldum áður. Einkum virðast veiðarnar hafa farið fram þegar dýrin urðu innlyksa í hafís og voru þau þá skutluð og dregin upp á ísinn.[4] Árið 1894 er t.d. getið um að 20-30 hnýðinga hafi rekið á land í Furufirði [5] Þeir hafa einnig verið veiddir í minna mæli á hafi úti með byssum, skutlum og í net.

Tilvísanir

  1. Hammond o.fl. 2008
  2. Northridge o.fl. 1997
  3. Rasmussen og Miller, 2002
  4. Bjarni Sæmundsson 1932
  5. Lögberg, 16. tölublað (03.03.1894), Blaðsíða 2

Heimildir

  • Ásbjörn Björgvinsson og Helmut Lugmayr, Hvalaskoðun við Ísland (Reykjavík: JPV Útgáfan, 2002).
  • Bjarni Sæmundsson, Íslensk dýr II: Spendýrin (Reykjavík: Bókaverslun Sigfúsar Eymundssonar, 1932).
  • Bloch D. og E. Fuglø, Nordatlantens vilde pattedyr (Tórshavn: Føroya Skúlabókagrunnur, 1999).
  • Evans P.G.H., The natural history of whales and dolphins (London: Christopher Helm, 1987).
  • Hammond, P.S., G. Bearzi, A. Bjørge, K. Forney, L. Karczmarski, T. Kasuya, W.F. Perrin, M.D. Scott, J.Y. Wang, R.S. Wells og B. Wilson, „Lagenorhynchus albirostris“, 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2008).
  • Northridge S., M. Tasker, A. Webb, K. Camphuysen og M. Leopold. White-beaked Lagenorhynchus albirostris and Atlantic white-sided dolphin L. acutus distibution in Northwest European and US North Atlantic Waters. „Report of the International Whaling Commision“ 47 (1997): 797-805.
  • Gísli A. Víkingsson og Droplaug Ólafsdóttir, Hnýðingur Í: Páll Hersteinsson (ritsj.), Íslensk spendýr (Reykjavík: Vaka-Helgafell 2005). ISBN 9979-2-1721-9
  • Rasmussen M.H. og L.A. Miller, „Whistles and clicks from white-beaked dolphins, Lagenorhynchus albirostri, recorded in Faxaflói Bay, Iceland“, Aquatic Mammals 28 (2002): 78-89.
  • Sigurður Ægisson, Jón Ásgeir í Aðaldal, Jón Baldur Hlíðberg, Íslenskir hvalir fyrr og nú (Reykjavík: Forlagið, 1997).
  • Stefán Aðalsteinsson, Villtu spendýrin okkar (Reykjavík: Bjallan, 1987).

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Hnýðingur: Brief Summary ( Islandèis )

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Hnýðingur eða blettahnýðir (fræðiheiti: Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er hvalur af höfrungaætt og undirættbálk tannhvala. Hnýðingur er náskyldur leiftri (Lagenorhynchus acutus), en er talsvert stærri og frábrugðinn í litamynstri.

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris ( Italian )

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Il lagenorinco rostrobianco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris (J. E. Gray, 1846)) è un mammifero marino appartenente alla famiglia dei Delfinidi (Delphinidae). È l'unica specie del genere monotipico Lagenorhynchus J. E. Gray, 1846.

Descrizione

 src=
Lo scheletro.

Il lagenorinco rostrobianco è un delfinide dalla struttura robusta e dal rostro corto. Gli adulti misurano 2,3-3,1 m di lunghezza e pesano 180-354 kg. Alla nascita, i neonati sono lunghi 1,1-1,2 m e probabilmente pesano circa 40 kg.[2] La parte superiore del corpo e i fianchi sono di colore grigio scuro con zone grigio chiaro, compresa una sorta di «sella» dietro alla pinna dorsale, mentre la parte inferiore va dal grigio chiaro fin quasi al bianco. Le pinne pettorali, la pinna caudale e la pinna dorsale, alta e falcata, sono tutte di un grigio più scuro di quello del corpo. Come indica il nome, il rostro è generalmente di colore bianco, ma può anche essere più scuro, color grigio cenere, in alcuni esemplari anziani.[3]

I lagenorinchi rostrobianco hanno da 25 a 28 denti in ciascuna mascella, ma i tre denti più vicini alla parte anteriore della bocca spesso non sono visibili, in quanto non escono dalla gengiva. Hanno fino a 92 vertebre, più di qualsiasi altra specie di delfinide. Sebbene i piccoli nascano con due-quattro vibrisse su ciascun lato del labbro superiore, queste scompaiono con la crescita e, come gli altri odontoceti, gli adulti sono completamente glabri.[4] L'omero della pinna pettorale destra è più lungo e robusto di quello sinistro, stando a indicare un certo grado di comportamento lateralizzato.[5]

Distribuzione e habitat

 src=
Esemplari al largo dell'Islanda.

Il lagenorinco rostrobianco è endemico delle acque temperato-fredde e subartiche dell'Atlantico settentrionale e si incontra soprattutto in zone con profondità inferiore ai 1000 m.[6] È diffuso in una fascia di territorio che si estende da un lato all'altro dell'oceano, da Capo Cod, dalla foce del San Lorenzo e dalla Groenlandia meridionale a ovest, attraverso l'Islanda al centro, fino alla zona che va dalla Francia settentrionale alle Svalbard a est; tuttavia, non è particolarmente adattato alle condizioni artiche propriamente dette.[7] È proprio a causa di questo motivo che nelle zone più settentrionali è più vulnerabile ai predatori, in particolare agli orsi polari.[8] All'interno di questo vasto areale, è possibile trovare più comunemente i lagenorinchi in quattro località: sulla piattaforma continentale del Labrador vicino alla Groenlandia sud-occidentale, intorno all'Islanda, al largo delle coste settentrionali e orientali della Gran Bretagna e al largo della costa della Norvegia.[4] Nelle isole Fær Øer, tra l'Islanda e il Regno Unito, il lagenorinco rostrobianco rischia di essere catturato durante le battute di caccia ai globicefali; inoltre, può anche finire accidentalmente intrappolato nelle reti a circuizione e nelle reti a strascico.[9] Non ci sono sottospecie riconosciute.

La specie può essere facilmente confusa con il lagenorinco acuto, nonostante occupi comunemente un areale più settentrionale. Inoltre, è anche generalmente più grande e non ha striature gialle sul fianco.

Biologia

 src=
Esemplari al largo della Scozia.

I dati riguardanti le abitudini riproduttive e l'aspettativa di vita, nonché l'entità della popolazione, sono del tutto sconosciuti, sebbene la maggior parte delle fonti stimi quest'ultima a diverse centinaia di migliaia di individui, con una densità maggiore nell'Atlantico orientale rispetto a quello occidentale.

I lagenorinchi rostrobianco si nutrono prevalentemente di pesci della famiglia dei gadidi, come merluzzi, eglefini e merlani.[10][11] Sono animali sociali, che vivono comunemente in gruppi inferiori alle dieci unità,[4] ma talvolta in associazioni molto più grandi di oltre un centinaio di individui.[12] I click del loro sonar hanno una frequenza di picco di 115 kHz,[13] mentre i fischi sociali sono dell'ordine dei 35 kHz e possono essere udibili da altri membri della stessa specie a distanze che possono raggiungere i 10 km.[14]

I lagenorinchi rostrobianco sono animali acrobatici: spesso cavalcano l'onda di prua delle imbarcazioni veloci e saltano fuori dalla superficie del mare. Sebbene siano generalmente molto più lenti, possono nuotare fino a 30 km/h e sono in grado di immergersi ad almeno 45 m di profondità.[4] Collaborano tra loro per cacciare e vengono spesso osservati mentre si alimentano in compagnia di orche, balenottere comuni e megattere, nonché di altre specie di delfini.

Gli accoppiamenti hanno luogo probabilmente in estate[15] e i piccoli nascono l'anno successivo, tra giugno e settembre.[11] Le femmine raggiungono la taglia adulta intorno ai cinque anni e la maturità sessuale tra i sei e i dieci anni, mentre i maschi raggiungono la taglia adulta intorno ai dieci anni e la maturità sessuale circa due anni dopo rispetto alle femmine.[4]

Tassonomia

La specie venne descritta per la prima volta dal tassonomista britannico John Edward Gray nel 1846. A causa della sua relativa abbondanza in acque europee, fu tra le prime specie del genere Lagenorhynchus (dal greco lagenos, «bottiglia» o «fiasco», e rhynchos, «becco» o «muso») a essere nota alla scienza. Il suo appellativo specifico, albirostris, letteralmente «becco bianco», si riferisce alla colorazione del rostro, una caratteristica diagnostica (seppur variabile) utilizzata per la corretta identificazione della specie.[16]

Conservazione

Le popolazioni del mare del Nord e del mar Baltico figurano nell'Appendice II[17] della Convenzione sulla conservazione delle specie migratrici degli animali selvatici (CMS), in quanto richiederebbero o trarrebbero un significativo beneficio da accordi internazionali specifici.[18]

Inoltre, il lagenorinco rostrobianco rientra nell'Accordo sulla conservazione dei piccoli cetacei del Mar Baltico, dell'Atlantico nord-orientale, del Mare d'Irlanda e del Mare del Nord (ASCOBANS).[19]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Kiszka, J. & Braulik, G. 2018, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ H. Shirihai e B. Jarrett, Whales, Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World, Princeton Field Guides, 2006, pp. 199-200, ISBN 9780691127569.
  3. ^ C. G. Bertulli et al., Color patterns in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from Iceland, in Marine Mammal Science, vol. 32, n. 3, luglio 2016, pp. 1072-1098, DOI:10.1111/mms.12312.
  4. ^ a b c d e A. Galatius e C. C. A. Kinze, Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in Mammalian Species, vol. 48, n. 933, agosto 2016, pp. 35-47, DOI:10.1093/mspecies/sew003.
  5. ^ A. Galatius, Bilateral directional asymmetry of the appendicular skeleton of the white-beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), in Aquatic Mammals, vol. 32, n. 2, 2006, pp. 232-235, DOI:10.1578/AM.32.2.2006.232.
  6. ^ R. G. Hansen e M. P. Heide-Jørgensen, Spatial trends in abundance of long-finned pilot whales, white-beaked dolphins and harbour porpoises in West Greenland, in Marine Biology, vol. 160, n. 11, novembre 2013, pp. 2929-2941, DOI:10.1007/s00227-013-2283-8.
  7. ^ Polar bears eating dolhins as waters warm, su Bloomberg News. URL consultato il 12 giugno 2015.
  8. ^ J. Aars, M. Andersen, A. Brenière e S. Blanc, White-beaked dolphins trapped in the ice and eaten by polar bears, in Polar Research, vol. 34, 2015, p. 26612, DOI:10.3402/polar.v34.26612.
  9. ^ Marie Francoise Van Bressem, Ben Burville, Matt Sharpe, Per Berggren e Koen Van Waerebeek, Visual health assessment of white-beaked dolphins off the coast of Northumberland, North Sea, using underwater photography, su Wiley Online Library, Marine Mammal Science. URL consultato il 26 marzo 2021.
  10. ^ O. E. Jansen et al., Are white-beaked dolphins Lagenorhynchus albirostris food specialists? Their diet in the southern North Sea, in Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 90, n. 8, dicembre 2010, pp. 1501-1508, DOI:10.1017/S0025315410001190.
  11. ^ a b S. J. Canning et al., Seasonal distribution of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) in UK waters with new information on diet and habitat use, in Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, vol. 88, n. 6, settembre 2008, pp. 1159-1166, DOI:10.1017/S0025315408000076.
  12. ^ J. Fall e M. Skern-Mauritzen, White-beaked dolphin distribution and association with prey in the Barents Sea, in Marine Biology Research, vol. 10, n. 10, maggio 2014, pp. 957-971, DOI:10.1080/17451000.2013.872796.
  13. ^ M. H. Rasmussen e L. A. Miller, Whistles and clicks from white-beaked dolphins, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, recorded in Faxaflói Bay, Iceland (PDF), in Aquatic Mammals, vol. 28, n. 1, 2002, pp. 78-89.
  14. ^ M. H. Rasmussen et al., Source levels and harmonic content of whistles in white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 120, n. 1, gennaio 2006, pp. 510-517, Bibcode:2006ASAJ..120..510R, DOI:10.1121/1.2202865, PMID 16875247.
  15. ^ A. Galatius, O. E. Jansen e C. C. Kinze, Parameters of growth and reproduction of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) from the North Sea, in Marine Mammal Science, vol. 29, n. 2, luglio 2012, pp. 348-355, DOI:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00568.x.
  16. ^ Randall Reeves, Brent Stewart, Phillip Clapham e James Powell, National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, Knopf, 2002, pp. 395-397, ISBN 0-375-41141-0.
  17. ^ Appendix II (PDF), su Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 11 giugno 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 giugno 2011).
  18. ^ Odontocetes - the Toothed Whales, su Convention on Migratory Species.
  19. ^ Lagenorhynchus albirostris, su ASCOBANS: Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas.

Bibliografia

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il lagenorinco rostrobianco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris (J. E. Gray, 1846)) è un mammifero marino appartenente alla famiglia dei Delfinidi (Delphinidae). È l'unica specie del genere monotipico Lagenorhynchus J. E. Gray, 1846.

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Dolfin Berparuh Putih ( malèis )

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Dolfin Berparuh Putih (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) merupakan mamalia lautan dalam keluarga Delphinidae (dolfin) dalam suborder Odontoceti (paus bergigi).

Taxonomi

Spesies ini pertama kali digambarkan oleh pakar taksonomi British John Edward Gray pada tahun 1846. Disebabkan ia banyak terdapat di laut Eropah, ia merupakan antara genus Lagenorhynchus (lagenos, Latin bagi "botol" atau "kelalang"; rhynchos, "paruh" atau "muncung") yang diketahui oleh sains. Nama saintifiknya , albirostris, diterjemah sebagai "paruh putih", rujukan kepada warna paruh spesies ini, diagnostik sifat (walaupun pembolehubah) yang berguna bagi mengenal pasti.[1]

Penerangan

Dolfin Berparuh Putih adalah spesis dolfin yang lasak dengan paruh yang pendek. Dolfin dewasa boleh mencapai panjang sehingga 2.3 meter (7 kaki 7 inci) 3.1 meter (10 kaki) dan berat 180 hingga 354 kg (400-780 paun). Anak memiliki panjang sekitar 1.1 meter (3 kaki 7 inci) hingga 1.2 meter (3 kaki 11 inci) ketika dilahirkan dan berat kira-kira 40 kg (88 paun). [2] Dolfin ini memiliki ciri paruh pendek tebal putih berkrim dan sirip dorsal berbentuk sabit (melengkung).

Pembahagian

Dolfin Berparuh Putih adalah endemik di Lautan Atlantik Utara dan ditemui dalam jalur merentasi lautan dari Tanjung Cod, muara Sungai St. Lawrence dan selatan Greenland di barat, sekitar Iceland di tengah dan merentas ke barat di utara Perancis ke Svalbard; bagaimanapun, ia tidak begitu menyesuaikan diri dengan keadaan Artik seperti mana beluga atau narwhal. Dolfin ini mudah boleh disalah kenali sebagai Dolfin Putih Sebelah Pasifik, sungguhpun Dolfin Putih Sebelah Pasifik hanya biasa terdapat di sebelah utara. Dolfin Putih Sebelah Pasifik juga biasanya lebih besar, dan tidak memiliki jalur-jalur kuning di sebelah.

Tingkah laku

Bilangan, pola pembiakan, dan jangka hayat ikan lumba-lumba ini semuanya tidak diketahui, walaupun kebanyakan sumber menganggarkan beberapa ratus ribu individu, dengan populasi lebih padat di timur Atlantik Utara berbanding di sebelah barat.

Dolfin Berparuh Putih merupakan haiwan akrobatik dan sosial . Mereka sering menunggang gelombang hadapan bot berkelajuan tinggi dan melompat jauh dari permukaan laut. Dolfin Berparuh Putih adalah pemakan berkelompok dan sering dilihat mencari makan bersama-sama dengan Paus Pembunuh, Paus Fin, dan Paus Kelasa, serta lain-lain spesies ikan lumba-lumba.

Gambar

Pemuliharaan

Populasi Dolfin Berparuh Putih Laut Utara dan Laut Baltik disenaraikan di Lampiran II "Appendix II", kerana mereka mempunyai status pemuliharaan yang tidak menguntungkan atau mampu mendapat manfaat ketara daripada kerjasama antarabangsa yang dianjurkan oleh perjanjian yang disesuaikan khusus.

Di samping itu, Dolfin Berparuh Putih dilindungi di bawah Perjanjian Pemuliharaan Cetaceans Kecil Baltik, Timur Laut Atlantik, Irish dan Laut Utara (ASCOBANS).

Rujukan

  1. ^ Reeves, Randall, Brent Stewart, Phillip Clapham and James Powell (2002). National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. Knopf. m/s. 395–397. ISBN ISBN 0-375-41141-0 Check |isbn= value: invalid character (bantuan).Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)
  2. ^ Shirihai, H. and Jarrett, B. (2006). Whales, Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World. Princeton Field Guides. m/s. 199–200. ISBN 0-61-12757-2 Check |isbn= value: length (bantuan).Selenggaraan CS1: Pelbagai nama: senarai pengarang (link)

Sumber

  • Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. (2008). Lagenorhynchus albirostris. Senarai Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN 2008. IUCN 2008. Dicapai pada 24 March 2009. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  • Whales Dolphins and Porpoises, Mark Carwardine, Dorling Kindersley Handbooks, ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell, ISBN 0-375-41141-0

Pautan luar

Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Dolfin Berparuh Putih

Templat:Cetacea

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Dolfin Berparuh Putih: Brief Summary ( malèis )

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Dolfin Berparuh Putih (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) merupakan mamalia lautan dalam keluarga Delphinidae (dolfin) dalam suborder Odontoceti (paus bergigi).

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Witsnuitdolfijn ( olandèis; flamand )

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De witsnuitdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is een soort dolfijn.

Kenmerken

De witsnuitdofijn Lagenorhynchus albirostris is een middelgrote, zwaargebouwde, bonte dolfijn. De sikkelvormige (concave) rugvin is hoog en opvallend. Kenmerkend is het lichtgrijze rugzadel en de lichtgrijze veeg over de flank die onder de rugvin langs omhoog loopt tot over de kop ter hoogte van het blaasgat. Witsnuitdolfijnen hebben een korte, wittige (maar soms ook grijze!) snuit, zwarte flippers en rugvin en een zwarte staart. Volwassen dieren hebben een gemiddelde lengte van ongeveer 2.40 meter (minimaal 1.2m, maximaal 3m). De lengte bij de geboorte bedraagt ruim een meter.

Volwassen mannetjes kunnen 300 kg wegen en meer dan 3 meter lang worden. Ze kunnen maximaal 5 minuten duiken, maar gebruikelijk is dat ze om de 20 seconden ademhalen.

Gedrag en groepsgrootte

Witsnuitdolfijnen komen meestal in groepjes van 2-6 exemplaren voor. Bij uitzondering worden grotere samenscholingen gezien en het gebeurt niet vaak dat er groepen van meer dan 100 dieren worden waargenomen. Dergelijke grote troepen vermengen zich soms met de verwante witflankdolfijn, maar het samengaan van deze beide soorten is vermoedelijk zelden van lange duur. Het gedrag van beide soorten verschilt namelijk nogal. Snel zwemmende witsnuitdolfijnen scheuren het wateroppervlak als het ware open, waarbij veel schuim en een hoge sikkelvormige rugvin zichtbaar zijn. Snel zwemmen wordt vaak afgewisseld met trage bewegingen, waarbij allerlei kanten op gezwommen wordt, meestal kriskras door elkaar heen. Hierbij draait de hoge rugvin aan de oppervlakte langs en zijn het witte rugzadel en de witte veeg over de flank (vóór de rugvin) de meest geschikte kenmerken. Witsnuitdolfijnen zwemmen graag voor de boeg van schepen mee, maar meestal niet veel langer dan enkele minuten. Sportvissers en jachten in de Zuidelijke Bocht komen vroeg of laat allemaal wel zo’n troepje tegen. Een ander markant gedrag van de witsnuitdolfijn zijn de verticale sprongen uit het water omhoog ("breaching"). Dergelijke dieren landen op rug, buik of flank en lijken wel een zo groot mogelijke plons te willen veroorzaken. Meestal blijft het bij drie of vier sprongen, waarna de dieren weer gewoon gaan zwemmen. Regelmatige, horizontale sprongen, zoals bij snel zwemmende tuimelaars of gewone dolfijnen, worden eigenlijk nooit gezien.

Vanwege de wittige tekening op de flanken worden witsnuitdolfijnen vaak (ten onrechte) voor de witflankdolfijn aangezien. Eigenlijk lijken deze beide soorten alleen in naam op elkaar en verwarring tussen Gewone Dolfijn en Witflankdolfijn ligt veel meer voor de hand

Voedsel

Het zijn sociale dieren die in groepen jagen op vissen die in scholen zwemmen zoals de haring of de makreel.

Verspreiding en voorkomen

Ze komen in het Noordelijk halfrond voor in wateren met temperaturen tussen de 6 en 20 graden Celsius. Voornamelijk in water met een diepte van 60 tot enkele honderden meters. In de Noordzee is het veruit de talrijkste dolfijnensoort, waarvan de grootste aantallen zich in Schotse wateren ophouden. Ook in de Nederlandse Noordzee is de witsnuitdolfijn na de bruinvis de meest voorkomende walvisachtige. Deze dolfijnen benaderen de kust zelden of nooit, maar sportvissers of zeiljachten op een tiental kilometers uit de kust maken al een heel grote kans om een groepje van deze dolfijnen te ontmoeten. De laatste jaren zijn er vele tientallen waarnemingen verzameld (zie de verwijzing naar de Marine Mammal Database hieronder)

Aanspoeling

Op Ameland, oostpunt, zijn op 27 december 2009 twee witsnuitdolfijnen aangespoeld, een moeder en een jong. Bij de ontdekking was de jonge dolfijn dood en de moeder was erg verzwakt en aangepikt door meeuwen. In overleg met het Dolfinarium Harderwijk werd besloten haar te laten inslapen. De dode dieren werden voor onderzoek naar Naturalis in Leiden gebracht.

In 2011 zijn twee levende witsnuitdolfijnen aangespoeld. De eerste is na een intensive behandeling helemaal hersteld en zal kunnen worden uitgezet. De tweede, een jong dier, is op 4 december gestrand. De volgende dag werd besloten om haar te laten inslapen vanwege haar slechte gezondheid en haar leeftijd.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Meij S.E.T. van der & C.J. Camphuysen 2006. Distribution and diversity of whales and dolphins (Cetacea) in the southern North Sea: 1970-2005. Lutra 49(1): 3-28.
  • Strandingen
  • Kaarten met waarnemingen op waarneming.nl:
Geslachten en soorten van dolfijnen (Delphinidae)
Australodelphis:Australodelphis mirusCephalorhynchus:Kortsnuitdolfijn (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) · Witbuikdolfijn (Cephalorhynchus eutropia) · Havisidedolfijn (Cephalorhynchus heavisidii) · Hectordolfijn (Cephalorhynchus hectori)Delphinus:Kaapse dolfijn (Delphinus capensis) · Gewone dolfijn (Delphinus delphis)Feresa:Dwerggriend (Feresa attenuata)Globicephala:Indische griend (Globicephala macrorhynchus) · Griend (Globicephala melas)Grampus:Gramper (Grampus griseus)Lagenodelphis:Sarawakdolfijn (Lagenodelphis hosei)Lagenorhynchus:Witflankdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus acutus) · Witsnuitdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) · Dolfijn van Peale (Lagenorhynchus australis) · Zandloperdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) · Witgestreepte dolfijn (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) · Donkergestreepte dolfijn (Lagenorhynchus obscurus)Lissodelphis:Noordelijke gladde dolfijn (Lissodelphis borealis) · Zuidelijke gladde dolfijn (Lissodelphis peronii)Orcaella:Irrawaddydolfijn (Orcaella brevirostris) · Australische snubvindolfijn (Orcaella heinsohni)Orcinus:Orka (Orcinus orca)PlatalearostrumHoekmans stompsnuitdolfijn (Platalearostrum hoekmani) †Peponocephala:Witlipdolfijn (Peponocephala electra)Pseudorca:Zwarte zwaardwalvis (Pseudorca crassidens)Sotalia:Tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) · Costero (Sotalia guianensis)Sousa:Chinese witte dolfijn (Sousa chinensis) · Kameroendolfijn (Sousa teuszii)Stenella:Slanke dolfijn (Stenella attenuata) · Clymenedolfijn (Stenella clymene) · Gestreepte dolfijn (Stenella coeruleoalba) · Atlantische vlekdolfijn (Stenella frontalis) · Langsnuitdolfijn (Stenella longirostris)Steno:Snaveldolfijn (Steno bredanensis)Tursiops:Langbektuimelaar (Tursiops aduncus) · Tuimelaar (Tursiops truncatus)
Wikispecies Wikispecies heeft een pagina over Lagenorhynchus albirostris.
Wikimedia Commons Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Lagenorhynchus albirostris op Wikimedia Commons.
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Witsnuitdolfijn: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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De witsnuitdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) is een soort dolfijn.

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Kvitnos ( norvegèis )

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Kvitnos (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er ein tannkval i delfinfamilien, som lever i kalde tempererte til polare farvatn i det nordlege Atlanterhavet.[1] I norske farvatn finst det ein bestand på om lag 100 000 dyr.[2]

Fotnotar

  1. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species på engelsk
  2. Artsdatabanken.no

Kjelder

Bakgrunnsstoff

Commons-logo.svg Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Kvitnos
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Kvitnos: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

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Kvitnos (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) er ein tannkval i delfinfamilien, som lever i kalde tempererte til polare farvatn i det nordlege Atlanterhavet. I norske farvatn finst det ein bestand på om lag 100 000 dyr.

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Kvitnos ( norvegèis )

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Kvitnos (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) tilhører gruppen med klassiske delfiner og er en av de største artene med delfiner.

Beskrivelse

Kvitnos blir omkring 2,5-3 meter lang og kan veie opp mot 350 kg. Den kjennetegnes ved sin korte, tykke, kremhvite snute (både overkjeven og underkjeven) og en svært krum ryggfinne. Kalvene er cirka 110-120 cm lange ved fødselen og veier omkring 40 kg.

Arten kan lett forveksles med kvitskjeving, men denne arten finnes vanligvis lenger sør. Kvitnosen er dessuten større og har ikke gule striper langs sidene. Kvitskjeving har heller ikke hvit overkjeve.

Utbredelse

Arten finnes i et belte over det nordlige Atlanterhavet, fra Cape Cod, munningen av St. Lawrence-elva og Grønland i vest, rundt Island, og fra nordlige Frankrike til Svalbard i øst. Arten er også vanlig langs hele norskekysten, og den regnes som den mest tallrike delfinarten i Barentshavet.

Arten er mest tallrik rundt De britiske øyer, men forskere antar at det finnes en østlig og en vestlig bestand i Nord-Atlanteren. Disse bestandene skiller seg fysisk fra hverandre gjennom forskjeller i hodets utforming, men det er uklart om det er to ulike underarter det er snakk om.

Atferd

Kvitnos er ikke like godt tilpasset arktiske forhold som hvithval og narhval. Populasjonen, paringsmønstrene og livslengden til denne delfinen er ukjent, skjønt mange kilder anslår flere hundre tusen individer, tettere i den østre delen av Nord-Atlanteren enn i den vestre. Arten kalver gjerne sent på sommeren eller tidlig på høsten.

Kvitnos er akrobatiske og sosiale dyr. De rir ofte på baubølgene til båter og hopper over vannflaten. Arten jakter i flokk, herunder også i samarbeid med andre delfinarter. Fravorittmaten består blant annet av sild, lysing, småtorsk, hyse og lodde.

Eksterne lenker

zoologistubbDenne zoologirelaterte artikkelen er foreløpig kort eller mangelfull, og du kan hjelpe Wikipedia ved å utvide den.
Det finnes mer utfyllende artikkel/artikler på .
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Kvitnos: Brief Summary ( norvegèis )

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Kvitnos (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) tilhører gruppen med klassiske delfiner og er en av de største artene med delfiner.

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Delfinowiec białonosy ( polonèis )

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Delfinowiec białonosy[5], delfin białonosy[6] (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny delfinowatych (Delphinidae). Gatunek słabo poznany.

Występowanie

Chłodne i umiarkowanie ciepłe wody północnego Oceanu Atlantyckiego[3][4]. Pojawia się w Morzu Bałtyckim. W polskich wodach odnotowany po raz pierwszy w 1862 w pobliżu Kołobrzegu, a ostatnio w 1998[7].

Pokarm

Głównym składnikiem diety delfina białonosego według badań Jefferson i innych z 1993 roku są ryby jak dorsz (Gadus morhua), śledź oceaniczny (Clupea harengus), plamiak (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), karlik (Trisopterus minutus), bielmik (Trisopterus luscus), witlinek (Merlangius merlangus), gromadnik (Mallotus villosus) i morszczuk zwyczajny (Merluccius merluccius)[8]. Późniejsze badania wykazały także Scomber, Pleuronectes, Limanda, Eleginus i Hyperoplus[9].

Charakterystyka

Ciało o długości 3-3,5 m, na grzbiecie i bokach czarne, spodem białe. Delfiny białonose są zwierzętami socjalnymi, pływają w stadach złożonych zwykle z kilkudziesięciu osobników, rzadziej pojedynczo. Żywią się rybami. Biologia rozrodu gatunku jest słabo poznana. Młode tuż po porodzie mierzą około 115 cm przy wadze 40 kg. Dojrzałość płciową osiągają po osiągnięciu 1,95 m.

Przypisy

  1. a b c d Lagenorhynchus albirostris, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. J. E. Gray. On the British Cetacea. „The Annals and Magazine of Natural History”. 17, s. 84, 1846 (ang.).
  3. a b c Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Lagenorhynchus albirostris. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 8 stycznia 2009]
  4. a b Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K.A., Karkzmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y. , Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. 2012, Lagenorhynchus albirostris [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015.2 [dostęp 2015-09-13] (ang.).
  5. Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 188. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  6. K. Kowalski (redaktor naukowy), A. Krzanowski, H. Kubiak, G. Rzebik-Kowalska, L. Sych: Ssaki. Wyd. IV. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1991, s. 43, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny. ISBN 83-214-0637-8.
  7. Iwona Kuklik, Krzysztof E. Skóra: Delfin białonosy (pol.). [dostęp 2 grudnia 2007].
  8. Jefferson TA, Leatherwood S, Webber MA. FAO Species identification guide. „Marine mammals of the world”, s. 320, 1993.
  9. Reves RR, Smeenk C, Brownell L, Kinze CC. Atlantic white-sided dolphin – Lagenorhynchus acutus (Gray, 1828). „Handbook of Marine Mammals”. 6, s. 31-56, 1999.

Bibliografia

  1. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Lagenorhynchus albirostris. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2 grudnia 2007]
  2. CMS: Lagenorhynchus albirostris (Gray, 1846) (ang.). [dostęp 2 grudnia 2007].

Zobacz też

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Delfinowiec białonosy: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL

Delfinowiec białonosy, delfin białonosy (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny delfinowatych (Delphinidae). Gatunek słabo poznany.

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Golfinho-de-bico-branco ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

O golfinho-de-bico-branco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) é um mamífero marinho pertencente à família dos golfinhos (Delphinidae), subordem dos Odontoceti ou baleias dentadas. É um dos maiores golfinhos, tendo cerca de 1,1 a 1,2 m de comprimento ao nascer, crescendo até atingir por volta de 3 m, em média, na idade adulta. O golfinho-de-bico-branco é caracterizado por seu bico curto e espesso, assumindo uma cor branco-creme e uma nadadeira dorsal bastante falciforme.

O golfinho-de-bico-branco é distribuído ao norte do Oceano Atlântico e é encontrado em bandos no cabo Cod, na entrada do rio São Lourenço e ao sudoeste da Groenlândia, perto da Islândia, e entre o noroeste da França até Svalbard. Os golfinhos-de-bico-branco não se adaptaram muito bem às condições árticas como as belugas ou os narvais.

Podem ser facilmente confundidos com os golfinhos-de-laterais-brancas-do-atlântico (Lagenorhynchus acutus), apesar de os golfinhos-de-bico-branco serem comumente encontrados mais ao norte. Também são mais largos e não possuem listras amarelas dos lados.

Sua população, padrões de comportamento e expectativa de vida são desconhecidas, embora a maioria das fontes estimem várias centenas de milhares de indivíduos, mais densamente povoados ao leste do que ao oeste do Atlântico Norte.

São animais acrobatas e sociais. Com freqüência, pegam carona na rabeira das ondas formadas por navios em alta velocidade, e saltam por sobre a superfície do mar. São socializáveis, vistos freqüentemente alimentando-se junto com as orcas, baleias-fin e jubarte, bem como também com outras espécies de golfinhos.

Fotos

Referências

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Golfinho-de-bico-branco: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

O golfinho-de-bico-branco (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) é um mamífero marinho pertencente à família dos golfinhos (Delphinidae), subordem dos Odontoceti ou baleias dentadas. É um dos maiores golfinhos, tendo cerca de 1,1 a 1,2 m de comprimento ao nascer, crescendo até atingir por volta de 3 m, em média, na idade adulta. O golfinho-de-bico-branco é caracterizado por seu bico curto e espesso, assumindo uma cor branco-creme e uma nadadeira dorsal bastante falciforme.

O golfinho-de-bico-branco é distribuído ao norte do Oceano Atlântico e é encontrado em bandos no cabo Cod, na entrada do rio São Lourenço e ao sudoeste da Groenlândia, perto da Islândia, e entre o noroeste da França até Svalbard. Os golfinhos-de-bico-branco não se adaptaram muito bem às condições árticas como as belugas ou os narvais.

Podem ser facilmente confundidos com os golfinhos-de-laterais-brancas-do-atlântico (Lagenorhynchus acutus), apesar de os golfinhos-de-bico-branco serem comumente encontrados mais ao norte. Também são mais largos e não possuem listras amarelas dos lados.

Sua população, padrões de comportamento e expectativa de vida são desconhecidas, embora a maioria das fontes estimem várias centenas de milhares de indivíduos, mais densamente povoados ao leste do que ao oeste do Atlântico Norte.

São animais acrobatas e sociais. Com freqüência, pegam carona na rabeira das ondas formadas por navios em alta velocidade, e saltam por sobre a superfície do mar. São socializáveis, vistos freqüentemente alimentando-se junto com as orcas, baleias-fin e jubarte, bem como também com outras espécies de golfinhos.

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Vitnos ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Vitnos eller vitnosdelfin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) är en art i familjen delfiner som förekommer i kalla och tempererade områden av norra Atlanten.

Kännetecken

Med en kroppslängd på 1,10 till 1,20 meter vid födelsen samt en genomsnittlig längd omkring 2,75 meter är vitnosen en av de större delfinerna. Dessa djur når en kroppsvikt upp till 350 kilogram och hannar är lite större än honor.

Som namnet antyder har delfinen en kort och kraftig nos med vitfärgad hud. Den skärformiga ryggfenan är böjd bakåt. Vitnosens bröstfenor har en bred bas och slutet är avrundat. Stjärtfenan har en mindre tydlig inbuktning i mitten.

Ryggen och sidorna har en mörkgrå till svart grundfärg. På sidorna finns vitaktiga fläckar som ibland hänger ihop. Ofta finns ytterligare mönster på delfinens kropp som kan vara mycket variabel.

Arten har 88 till 93 kotor i ryggraden vad som är det största antalet hos alla valar. Antalet av de konformiga tänderna är med 22 till 25 per käkhalva jämförelsevis litet.

Vitnosen förväxlas ibland med vitsiding (Lagenorhynchus acutus) men den sistnämnda förekommer vanligen längre norrut. Ett annat skiljedrag är att vitnosen är större och att den saknar den gulaktiga strimman på sidan.

Utbredning

Arten är endemisk för norra Atlanten och angränsande havsregioner. Den förekommer från Cape Cod och mynningen av Saint Lawrencefloden i Nordamerika förbi Grönlands södra spets och Island till norra Frankrike och Spetsbergen. Den iakttas ofta i Nordsjön och även flera gånger i Östersjön. I Europa finns vitnosen särskilt ofta kring Island och i större antal vid Norges, Storbritanniens, Irlands, Tysklands, Nederländernas och Danmarks kustlinjer. Den är inte känd från havszoner söder om Engelska kanalen.

Som andra valar vandrar den under våren norrut, ibland fram till packisen. Under vintern vistas den i tempererade regioner.

Levnadssätt

Vitnosen vistas främst i pelagiska regioner men finns även nära kusterna. Under parningstiden och för att jaga bildas grupper av 6 till 30 individer. I enstaka fall har grupper av 1 500 individer iakttagits. Det förekommer även blandade grupper med andra delfiner som öresvin (Tursiops truncatus) och vitsiding eller med större valar som sillvalen (Balaenoptera physalus).

Vitnosen livnär sig främst av stimfisk som makrill eller bläckfiskar. Ibland äter den även bytesdjur som den hittar på havsbotten som till exempel kräftdjur. Som naturliga fiender, särskild för unga individer, antas hajar och späckhuggare (Orcinus orca) men hittills finns inga bevis för teorin.

Populationens storlek uppskattas med flera hundratusen individer. Beståndet i Atlantens östra delar är större än i västra delar.

Fortplantning

På grund av undersökningar antas att vitnosen blir könsmogen när den blev 2,50 meter lång. Åldern vid denna tidpunkt kan variera då individerna inte växer lika snabbt.

Mellan juli och september strandar särskilt många ungdjur och därför antas att de flesta födelser sker under högsommaren. Angående parningstider och dräktigheten är ingenting känt. Det finns inte heller uppgifter om vitnosens livslängd.

Systematik

Vitnosen beskrevs 1846 som andra art i släktet Lagenorrhynchus av John Edward Gray. På så sätt skilde samma auktor vitnosen som självständig art från vitsiding (Lagenorrhynchus acutus) som redan beskrevs 1828.

Idag finns i samma släkte ytterligare fyra arter.

Hot och skyddsåtgärder

Vitnosen har hittills ingen särskild ekonomisk betydelse. Arten fångades tidigare av fiskare vid Kanadas, Grönlands och Skandinaviens kustlinjer men denna jakt var egentligen inte avsedd på vitnosen utan på fisk eller andra valarter. Den enda jakten som direkt syftade på vitnosen gjordes under 1800-talet av amerikanska indianer. 1983 fångades tre levande individer för ett akvarium i Mystic, Connecticut.

Liksom flera andra valar hotas arten av havet förorening. Ett större antal miljögifter som polyklorerade bifenyler (PCB) och tungmetaller som bly, kadmium och kvicksilver hittades i djurets späckskikt.

Som alla mindre valar saknas vitnosen i skyddslistan av International Whaling Commission. Däremot listas den hos CITES i appendix II och därför är det förbjuden att handla produkter från vitnosen. I vissa stater finns lag som beträffar jakt och handel med delfiner.

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 13 december 2008.

Tryckta källor och annan litteratur

  • Mark Carwardine: Wale und Delfine. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 2003, ISBN 3-7688-1456-4
  • Mark Carwardine: Delfine - Biologie, Verbreitung, Beobachtung in freier Wildbahn. Naturbuch, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89440-226-1 (främst bilder)
  • Ralf Kiefner: Wale und Delfine weltweit. Jahr Top Special, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-86132-620-5
  • J. Niethammer, F. Krapp (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Säugetiere Europas. Band 6. Meeressäuger, T 1a. Wale und Delphine 1. Aula, Wiesbaden 1994, ISBN 3-89104-559-X
  • Randall R. Reeves, B. S. Stewart, P. J. Clapham, J. A. Powell: See Mammals of the World. A complete Guide to Whales, Dolphins, Seals, Sea Lions and Sea Cows. A&C Black, London 2002, ISBN 0-7136-6334-0
  • Gérard Soury: Das große Buch der Delphine. Delius Klasing, Bielefeld 1997, ISBN 3-7688-1063-1 (främst bilder)
  • Maurizio Würtz, N. Repetto: Underwater World. Dolphins and Whales. White Star Guides, Vercelli 2003, ISBN 88-8095-943-3
  • Tsuneo Nakamura: Dolphins. Chronicle Books, San Francisco 1997, ISBN 0-8118-1621-4 (främst bilder)

Noter

  1. ^ Lagenorhynchus albirostrisIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Hammond, P.S. et. al. (2008), besökt 12 januari 2009.

Externa länkar

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Vitnos: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Vitnos eller vitnosdelfin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) är en art i familjen delfiner som förekommer i kalla och tempererade områden av norra Atlanten.

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Beyaz gagalı yunus ( turch )

fornì da wikipedia TR

Beyaz gagalı yunus (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) Lagenorhynchus cinsindeki altı yunus türünden biridir ve Kuzey Atlantik Okyanusu'nun ılık ve serin sularında bulunur.

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons'ta Beyaz gagalı yunus ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'te Beyaz gagalı yunus ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur.
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Beyaz gagalı yunus: Brief Summary ( turch )

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Beyaz gagalı yunus (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) Lagenorhynchus cinsindeki altı yunus türünden biridir ve Kuzey Atlantik Okyanusu'nun ılık ve serin sularında bulunur.

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Lagenorhynchus albirostris ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK

Опис

З розміром від 1,10 до 1,20 метра при народженні, і середнім розміром 2,75 метра в зрілому віці, цей вид є одним з найбільших дельфінів. Тварини можуть важити до 350 кілограмів, самці трохи більші, ніж самиці. Спина і боки від темно-сірого до чорного кольору. Всі плавці чорні, живіт і горло контрастно білого кольору.

У тварин є від 88 до 93 хребців це найбільше число серед всіх китоподібних. Кількість конічних зубів від 22 до 25 пар на щелепу, це відносно низька кількість порівняно з іншими дельфіновими.

Поведінка

Харчуються безліччю дрібної пелагічної (яка перебуває у середніх шарах) риби, а також донною рибою, кальмарами та ракоподібними.

Загрози і захист

Була довга історія дрібного полювання, полювання в деяких районах триває і сьогодні, наприклад, біля південно-західного узбережжя Гренландії. Як і на інших північноатлантичних морських ссавців, на цей вид впливає забруднення води хлорорганічними сполуками, іншими антропогенними сполуками і важкими металами.

Посилання

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Cá heo mõm trắng ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Lagenorhynchus albirostris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Delphinidae, bộ Cetacea. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1846.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjørge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. (2008). Lagenorhynchus albirostris. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 3 năm 2009.
  2. ^ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Lagenorhynchus albirostris”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Lagenorhynchus albirostris tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Cá voi (Cetacea) này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá heo mõm trắng: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Lagenorhynchus albirostris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Delphinidae, bộ Cetacea. Loài này được Gray mô tả năm 1846.

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Беломордый дельфин ( russ; russi )

fornì da wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Муляж беломордого дельфина

Примечания

  1. Млекопитающие. Большой энциклопедический словарь / науч. ред. д. б. н. И. Я. Павлинов. — М.: ACT, 1999. — С. 67. — 416 с. — ISBN 5-237-03132-3.
  2. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 114. — 10 000 экз.
  3. WBD Identification (англ.). Ketos Ecology. Проверено 15 августа 2010. Архивировано 4 мая 2012 года.
  4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris: Information (англ.). Animal Diversity Web. Проверено 15 августа 2010. Архивировано 4 мая 2012 года.
  5. Беломордый дельфин на сайте ИПЭЭ РАН


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 src= Муляж беломордого дельфина
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ハナジロカマイルカ ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
ハナジロカマイルカ White beaked dolphin.jpg
ハナジロカマイルカ
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 哺乳綱 Mammalia : 鯨偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla 亜目 : ハクジラ亜目 Odontoceti : マイルカ科 Delphinidae : カマイルカ属 Lagenorhynchus : ハナジロカマイルカ
L. albirostris 学名 Lagenorhynchus albirostris
Gray, 1846 英名 White-beaked Dolphin

生息地

ハナジロカマイルカ(鼻白鎌海豚、Lagenorhynchus albirostris)はクジラ目ハクジラ亜目マイルカ科カマイルカ属に属するイルカである。

概要[編集]

ハナジロカマイルカはカマイルカ属としては最も大きく、生まれた時は1.1から1.2mで、成長すると3m程度になる。ハナジロカマイルカの特徴は名前の通りの乳白色の短めの口吻である。背びれは後方に湾曲している。

大西洋に固有の種であるが、イッカク科イッカクシロイルカ(ベルーガ)程には北極圏には適応していない。同じく大西洋に棲むタイセイヨウカマイルカと良く間違われるが、一般的にハナジロカマイルカの方が大西洋の北方に棲息している。またタイセイヨウカマイルカと比べると、より大きく、かつ体の側面に黄色の模様がないといった違いがある。

ハナジロカマイルカの生息数、出産や子育て、寿命などははっきりしていないが、およそ数十万頭が北大西洋の東側を中心に生息していると見られる。

ハナジロカマイルカは活動的で社会的な動物である。人間のボートが作る波に乗って跳躍することもしばしばある。シャチナガスクジラザトウクジラなどと一緒に餌を食べている様子がしばしば観察されている。

参考文献[編集]

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関連項目[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにハナジロカマイルカに関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ハナジロカマイルカに関連するカテゴリがあります。 [icon]
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執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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ハナジロカマイルカ: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語

ハナジロカマイルカ(鼻白鎌海豚、Lagenorhynchus albirostris)はクジラ目ハクジラ亜目マイルカ科カマイルカ属に属するイルカである。

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흰부리돌고래 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

흰부리돌고래(Lagenorhynchus albirostris)는 참돌고래과 낫돌고래속에 속하는 고래의 일종이다.[2]

특징

흰부리돌고래는 낫돌고래속 중에서 가장 크고, 태어났을 때 1.1~1.2m이고 다 자라면 3m에 이른다. 흰부리돌고래의 특징은 이름 그대로 짧고 흰 부리이다. 등지느러미는 뒷쪽으로 굽어 있다.[1]

각주

  1. Hammond, P.S.; Bearzi, G.; Bjørge, A.; Forney, K.; Karczmarski, L.; Kasuya, T.; Perrin, W.F.; Scott, M.D.; Wang, J.Y.; Wells, R.S.; 외. (2012). Lagenorhynchus albirostris. 《IUCN 적색 목록》 (IUCN) 2012: e.T11142A17875454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T11142A17875454.en. 2018년 1월 16일에 확인함.
  2. Mead, J.G.; Brownell, R.L., Jr. (2005). 〈Order Cetacea〉 [고래목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 723–743쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  • Whales Dolphins and Porpoises, Mark Carwardine, Dorling Kindersley Handbooks, ISBN 0-7513-2781-6
  • National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World, Reeves, Stewart, Clapham and Powell, ISBN 0-375-41141-0
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Biology ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
White-beaked dolphins feed on living, benthic, shallow water fish. Their food varies according to the region and probably depends on the local availability. The stomach content of those washed ashore at the Belgian coast consisted amongst others of whiting, cod, haddock, hake, herring, plaice, mackerel and cephalopods and some benthic crustaceans. These dolphins are mostly found living far offshore, normally in shoals of 6 to 20, although in one exceptional case of more than 1500. They are often observed together with the Atlantic white-sided dolphin. They are powerful swimmers who love to surf on bow waves of ships.

Arferiment

Stienen, E.W.M.; Van Waeyenberge, J.; Kuijken, E. (2003). Zeezoogdieren in Belgisch mariene wateren [Marine mammals in Belgian marine waters]. Rapport Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, A.2003.152. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel, Belgium. 15 pp.

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Diet ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
clupeids, gadids and hake are the principal diet. Other fish, cephalopods and benthic crustaceans are also eaten.

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Pelagic Northern waters

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
temperate to subpolar, mostly in deep water

Arferiment

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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inshore to mainly offshore

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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IUCN Red List Category ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Least Concern (LC)

Arferiment

IUCN (2008) Cetacean update of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Morphology ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Distinguishing characteristics: robust body, with a short, thick beak about 5-8 cm long in adults. The beak is distinctly set off from the melon. The dorsal fin is at mid-body. It is proportionally large (up to 15% of body length), often rounded at the peak, and strongly recurved. Both the dorsal fin and the flukes apparently decrease in size relative to other body dimensions as the dolphin ages. The pointed flippers can be up to 19% of the total adult length. The thickened tail stock tapers gradually. The beak of most white-beaked dolphins is white, often mottled with light grey or with greyish or blackish spots, but in some it is almost entirely grey (though paler than the head). The dark dorsal field anterior to the dorsal fin is sometimes separated from the dark melon by a transverse light grey stripe, a brownish-grey patch or a bold whitish "chevron" around and behind the blowhole that may extend downwards from the melon to encircle the eye.

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North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Morphology ( Anglèis )

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White-beaked dolphins are rather large, robust dolphins. The back is dark grey and black, with a lighter ‘saddlespot’ behind the dorsal fin. A dark grey to whitish line can be found above the eye which continues over the flanks to the anus. The colour is highly variable. The body is fairly stocky. The beak is rather short and the flippers are large and pointed.

Arferiment

Stienen, E.W.M.; Van Waeyenberge, J.; Kuijken, E. (2003). Zeezoogdieren in Belgisch mariene wateren [Marine mammals in Belgian marine waters]. Rapport Instituut voor Natuurbehoud, A.2003.152. Instituut voor Natuurbehoud: Brussel, Belgium. 15 pp.

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