Aequorea victoria, o aequorea forskalea, és una medusa bioluminescent de la costa occidental de Nord-amèrica.
Aequorea victoria ist eine Quallenart aus dem Pazifischen Ozean, die im Bereich der Nordamerikanischen Küste von Kalifornien bis Vancouver vorkommt. Sie ernährt sich hauptsächlich von Krebstieren, kann aber auch andere Kammquallen fressen.
Der Durchmesser des Glockenkörpers der Qualle im ausgewachsenen Zustand beträgt je nach Umweltbedingungen und Lebensraum 8 bis 20 cm. Diese Quallenart gehört zur Familie Aequoreidae. Sie wird wie alle ihre Artgenossen hauptsächlich von der Strömung getrieben. Da auch Abfallstoffe, die in den Ozean gelangt sind, mit diesen Strömungen verbreitet werden, sind die Quallen einer erhöhten Schadstoffkonzentration ausgesetzt.
Aequorea victoria haben hell fluoreszierende Punkte um den Seitenrand des Glockenkörpers. Die Bestandteile, die für diese Biolumineszenz benötigt werden, umfassen ein Ca2+-aktiviertes Photoprotein, genannt Aequorin, das ein blaues Licht ausstrahlt. Zusätzlich kann Aequorin über den Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer Energie an das grün fluoreszierende Protein übertragen, welches für ein grünes Leuchten verantwortlich ist.[1] Das Licht wird in der Qualle in mehr als 100 dünnen lichtproduzierenden Organen produziert, die den äußeren Glockenkörper umlagern.
Osamu Shimomura, der Entdecker von Aequorin und GFP, bezweifelt, dass Aequorea victoria eine eigene Art ist. Seiner Meinung nach hat der Artname Aequorea aequorea mit der Erstbeschreibung von Forskal 1775 Vorrang. Die Art hat normalerweise eine hohe morphologische Variabilität, sodass die Beschreibung von Aequorea victoria als eigene Art anhand von morphologischen Unterschieden nicht gerechtfertigt ist. Für eine sichere Unterscheidung fehlen genetische Daten.[2]
Das fluoreszierende Protein aus Aequorea victoria wird vor allem in der Molekularbiologie in vielen Fällen als Reportergen eingesetzt. Die Gene für das grün fluoreszierende Protein (GFP) und das Aequorin sind isoliert und kloniert worden und können dadurch gentechnisch hergestellt werden.
Im Jahr 2008 wurde der Nobelpreis für Chemie für die „Entdeckung und Weiterentwicklung des grün fluoreszierenden Proteins“ an Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie und Roger Tsien verliehen.
Aequorea victoria ist eine Quallenart aus dem Pazifischen Ozean, die im Bereich der Nordamerikanischen Küste von Kalifornien bis Vancouver vorkommt. Sie ernährt sich hauptsächlich von Krebstieren, kann aber auch andere Kammquallen fressen.
Der Durchmesser des Glockenkörpers der Qualle im ausgewachsenen Zustand beträgt je nach Umweltbedingungen und Lebensraum 8 bis 20 cm. Diese Quallenart gehört zur Familie Aequoreidae. Sie wird wie alle ihre Artgenossen hauptsächlich von der Strömung getrieben. Da auch Abfallstoffe, die in den Ozean gelangt sind, mit diesen Strömungen verbreitet werden, sind die Quallen einer erhöhten Schadstoffkonzentration ausgesetzt.
Aequorea victoria haben hell fluoreszierende Punkte um den Seitenrand des Glockenkörpers. Die Bestandteile, die für diese Biolumineszenz benötigt werden, umfassen ein Ca2+-aktiviertes Photoprotein, genannt Aequorin, das ein blaues Licht ausstrahlt. Zusätzlich kann Aequorin über den Förster-Resonanzenergietransfer Energie an das grün fluoreszierende Protein übertragen, welches für ein grünes Leuchten verantwortlich ist. Das Licht wird in der Qualle in mehr als 100 dünnen lichtproduzierenden Organen produziert, die den äußeren Glockenkörper umlagern.
Aequorea victoria, also sometimes called the crystal jelly, is a bioluminescent hydrozoan jellyfish, or hydromedusa, that is found off the west coast of North America.
The species is best known as the source of aequorin (a photoprotein), and green fluorescent protein (GFP); two proteins involved in bioluminescence. Their discoverers, Osamu Shimomura and colleagues, won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on GFP.
Almost entirely transparent and colorless, and sometimes difficult to resolve, Aequorea victoria possess a highly contractile mouth and manubrium at the center of up to 100 radial canals that extend to the bell margin. The bell margin is surrounded by uneven tentacles, up to 150 of them in fully-grown specimens. The tentacles possess nematocysts that aid in prey capture, although they have no effect on humans. Specimens larger than 3 cm usually possess gonads for sexual reproduction, which run most of the length of the radial canals and are visible in the photos in this article as whitish thickenings along the radial canals. The bell margin is ringed with the muscular velum, which is typical of hydromedusae, and aids in locomotion through muscular contraction of the bell. Larger specimens are frequently found with symbiotic hyperiid amphipods attached to the subumbrella, or even occasionally living inside the gut or radial canals.
Aequorea victoria are found along the North American west coast of the Pacific Ocean from the Bering Sea to southern California. The medusa part of the life cycle is a pelagic organism, which is budded off a bottom-living polyp in late spring. The medusae can be found floating and swimming both nearshore and offshore in the eastern Pacific Ocean;[1] this species is particularly common in Puget Sound.
In September 2009, Aequorea victoria was spotted in the Moray Firth, an unusual occurrence, as crystal jellies had never been seen or reported in British waters. The specimen was put on display in Macduff Marine Aquarium in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Aequorea species can be fairly difficult to tell apart, as the morphological features on which identifications are made are mostly the numbers of tentacles, numbers of radial canals, numbers of marginal statocysts, and size. These features are fairly plastic, and the numbers of tentacles and radial canals increase in all species of Aequorea with size. One other species is occasionally found in the same geographical range as Aequorea victoria; this other form has been called Aequorea coerulescens. While A. coerulescens is apparently generally found offshore in the eastern Pacific Ocean, rare specimens have been collected in central California and in Friday Harbor, North Puget Sound.[2] While morphologically similar to Aequorea victoria, the Aequorea coerulescens form is larger (roughly the size of a dinner plate) with many more radial canals. Animals of sizes intermediate between these two forms are also rather intermediate in appearance, making morphological identifications difficult.
This species is thought to be synonymous with Aequorea aequorea of Osamu Shimomura, the discoverer of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Shimomura together with Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[3] for the discovery and development of this protein as an important biological research tool. Originally the A. victoria name was used to designate the variant found in the Pacific, and the A. aequorea designation was used for specimens found in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The species name used in GFP purification was later disputed by M.N. Arai and A. Brinckmann-Voss (1980),[4] who decided to separate them on the basis of 40 specimens collected from around Vancouver Island. Shimomura notes that this species in general shows great variation: from 1961 to 1988 he collected around 1 million individuals in the waters surrounding the Friday Harbor Laboratories of University of Washington, and in many cases there were pronounced variations in the form of the jellyfish.
Aequorea victoria have a dimorphic life history, alternating between asexual benthic polyps and sexual planktonic medusae in a seasonal pattern.[5] Aequorea victoria juvenile medusae are asexually budded off hydroid colonies in late spring; these free-living hydromedusae will spend all of their lives in the plankton. The medusa spends its first stage of life growing quickly, and after reaching approximately 3 cm will begin producing gametes for reproduction. Each medusa is either a male or a female. The eggs and spermatozoa mature daily in the medusa gonads, given enough food, and are free-spawned into the water column in response to a daily light cue, where they are fertilized and eventually settle out to form a new hydroid colony. The hydroids live on hard or rocky substrates on the bottom, where they asexually bud new tiny jellyfish each springtime in response to some (still unknown) environmental cue(s). The medusa form generally lives approximately 6 months, roughly from late spring into the autumn.[2]
Aequorea victoria typically feed on soft-bodied organisms, but the diet may also include some crustacean zooplankton such as copepods, crab zoëals, barnacle nauplii & other larval planktonic organisms. Gelatinous organisms consumed include ctenophores, appendicularians and other hydromedusae, including rarely other Aequorea victoria if conditions are appropriate.[6] Prey is ensnared in long tentacles containing nematocysts, and ingested with a highly contractile mouth that can expand to consume organisms half the medusae's size. Due to their voracious nature, Aequorea victoria density can be inversely correlated to zooplankton density, indicating a competitive presence in shared environments.[6]
The swimming velocity of Aequorea victoria does not increase as their body size increases which deems them as inefficient swimmers. Therefore, they require direct contact with their prey in order to feed which is effectively done through energetic propulsion in which pressure allows them to passively move in their environment.[7]
Aequorea medusae are eaten by the voracious scyphozoa Cyanea capillata, commonly called the lion's mane jelly, as well as ctenophores, siphonophorae and other hydromedusae, including documented cases of cannibalism.[6] Many larger specimens are found with the parasitic hyperiid amphipod Hyperia medusarum attached to the either the subumbrella or exumbrella; these amphipods may burrow into the jelly, but such activities are not lethal to the jellyfish.
This jellyfish is capable of producing flashes of blue light by a quick release of calcium (Ca2+), which interacts with the photoprotein aequorin. The blue light produced is in turn transduced to green by the now famous green fluorescent protein (GFP). This transduction of energy is called Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Both aequorin and GFP are important fluorescent markers frequently employed in biochemical research.
In 1961, Shimomura and Johnson isolated the protein aequorin, and its small molecule cofactor, coelenterazine, from large numbers of Aequorea jellyfish at Friday Harbor Laboratories.[9] They discovered, after initially finding bright luminescence on adding seawater to a purified sample, that calcium ions (Ca2+) were required to trigger bioluminescence. This research also marked the beginning of research into green fluorescent protein which was summarized by Shimomura.[9] In 1967, Ridgeway and Ashley microinjected aequorin into single muscle fibers of barnacles, and observed transient calcium ion-dependent signals during muscle contraction.
For his research into GFP, Osamu Shimomura was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize for chemistry, together with Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien.[10]
This discovery led to great advancements in the field of medicine because it allows for further understanding in treatments and medical diagnoses through research in cells and bacteria.[11]
Aequorea victoria, also sometimes called the crystal jelly, is a bioluminescent hydrozoan jellyfish, or hydromedusa, that is found off the west coast of North America.
The species is best known as the source of aequorin (a photoprotein), and green fluorescent protein (GFP); two proteins involved in bioluminescence. Their discoverers, Osamu Shimomura and colleagues, won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on GFP.
La medusa de cristal (Aequorea victoria) es una medusa bioluminiscente del orden Hydroida, de las costas occidentales de Norteamérica.
Esta medusa es capaz de producir flashes de luz azul por un rápido desarrollo químico de Ca2+ interactuando con la fotoproteína aequorina. Esa luz producida es transducida a verde por la ahora famosa proteína verde fluorescente (GFP). Ambas aecuorina y la GFP son importantes herramientas de los estudios biológicos. Aequorea victoria es una medusa estacional. Desaparecen completamente del agua en otoño. Solamente pequeñas colonias de pólipos permanecen en el piso marino. En primavera, reaparecen y arrancan el ciclo otra vez. Se encuentran en aguas abiertas de la costa de Norteamérica, desde California central hasta Vancouver.[1]
Shimomura y Johnson, en 1961, aislaron la proteína aecuorina, y su pequeña molécula cofactor, coelenterazina, de un gran número de Aequorea en los Laboratorios Friday Harbor. Descubrieron, después de haber inicialmente encontrado luminiscencia al agregar agua de mar a una muestra purificada, donde se necesitaban iones calcio (Ca2+) para activar la bioluminescencia. Este estudio marcó el comienzo de investigación en la proteína verde fluorescente.[2]
Ridgeway y Ashley (1967) microinyectaron aecuorina en fibras musculares simples de percebes, y observaron iones calcio transitorios dependientes de las señales durante la contracción muscular.
La medusa de cristal (Aequorea victoria) es una medusa bioluminiscente del orden Hydroida, de las costas occidentales de Norteamérica.
Esta medusa es capaz de producir flashes de luz azul por un rápido desarrollo químico de Ca2+ interactuando con la fotoproteína aequorina. Esa luz producida es transducida a verde por la ahora famosa proteína verde fluorescente (GFP). Ambas aecuorina y la GFP son importantes herramientas de los estudios biológicos. Aequorea victoria es una medusa estacional. Desaparecen completamente del agua en otoño. Solamente pequeñas colonias de pólipos permanecen en el piso marino. En primavera, reaparecen y arrancan el ciclo otra vez. Se encuentran en aguas abiertas de la costa de Norteamérica, desde California central hasta Vancouver.
Shimomura y Johnson, en 1961, aislaron la proteína aecuorina, y su pequeña molécula cofactor, coelenterazina, de un gran número de Aequorea en los Laboratorios Friday Harbor. Descubrieron, después de haber inicialmente encontrado luminiscencia al agregar agua de mar a una muestra purificada, donde se necesitaban iones calcio (Ca2+) para activar la bioluminescencia. Este estudio marcó el comienzo de investigación en la proteína verde fluorescente.
Ridgeway y Ashley (1967) microinyectaron aecuorina en fibras musculares simples de percebes, y observaron iones calcio transitorios dependientes de las señales durante la contracción muscular.
Aequorea victoria est une méduse bioluminescente rencontrée sur les côtes ouest de l’Amérique du Nord.
Cette méduse est capable d’émettre une lumière fluorescente pour faciliter la prédation sur des proies, . Ces cellules contiennent une protéine, la GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) qui, lorsqu’elle est excitée, émet de la lumière vers 504 nm. Cette protéine présente un intérêt en recherche en biologie en tant que marqueur.
Aequorea victoria est une méduse bioluminescente rencontrée sur les côtes ouest de l’Amérique du Nord.
Cette méduse est capable d’émettre une lumière fluorescente pour faciliter la prédation sur des proies, . Ces cellules contiennent une protéine, la GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) qui, lorsqu’elle est excitée, émet de la lumière vers 504 nm. Cette protéine présente un intérêt en recherche en biologie en tant que marqueur.
Aequorea victoria è una specie di Idrozoo della famiglia Aequoreidae.
È una medusa bioluminescente reperibile sulle coste ad ovest del Nord America.
Questa specie esprime una proteina, denominata Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), che ha la proprietà di emettere una fluorescenza di colore verde e che viene utilizzata come marker in biologia molecolare.[2]
Aequorea victoria è una specie di Idrozoo della famiglia Aequoreidae.
È una medusa bioluminescente reperibile sulle coste ad ovest del Nord America.
Aequorea victoria, ook wel kristalkwal, is een bioluminescerende kwal die leeft aan de westkust van Noord-Amerika. Hij kan blauwe lichtflitsen veroorzaken door snel Ca2+ vrij te maken dat een interactie aangaat met het fosfo-proteïne aequorine. Dit blauwe licht wordt omgezet in groen licht door groen fluorescent proteïne (GFP) dat bij moleculairbiologisch onderzoek in de fluorescentiemicroscopie gebruikt wordt.
Aequorea victoria, ook wel kristalkwal, is een bioluminescerende kwal die leeft aan de westkust van Noord-Amerika. Hij kan blauwe lichtflitsen veroorzaken door snel Ca2+ vrij te maken dat een interactie aangaat met het fosfo-proteïne aequorine. Dit blauwe licht wordt omgezet in groen licht door groen fluorescent proteïne (GFP) dat bij moleculairbiologisch onderzoek in de fluorescentiemicroscopie gebruikt wordt.
Aequorea victoria é uma água-viva ou hidromedusa bioluminescente, que se encontra ao largo da costa oeste da América do Norte. Esta espécie é considerada sinônima de Aequorea aequorea de Osamu Shimomura, o descobridor da proteína verde fluorescente (GFP). Shimomura, juntamente com Martin Chalfie e Roger Y. Tsien receberam o Prêmio Nobel de Química 2008 para a descoberta e desenvolvimento desta proteína como uma importante ferramenta de pesquisa biológica.[1] Originalmente, a espécie Aequorea victoria deveria designar a variante encontrada no Pacífico, e a designação Aequorea foi usada para espécimes encontrados no Atlântico e no Mediterrâneo.[2] O nome da espécie utilizada na purificação de GFP foi posteriormente contestada por MN Arai e A. Brinckmann-Voss (1980), que decidiram separá-las com base em 40 amostras recolhidas em torno da Ilha Vancouver. Osamu Shimomura observa que esta espécie, em geral, mostra uma grande variação: entre 1961 e 1988, recolheu cerca de 1 milhão de indivíduos nas águas que cercam oss Friday Harbor Laboratories da Universidade de Washington, e em muitos casos houve variações acentuadas na forma de água-viva. Em setembro de 2009, Aequorea victoria foi encontrado no Moray Firth, uma ocorrência incomum, uma vez que geleias-de-cristal nunca tinham sido vistas ou relatadas em águas britânicas. O espécime está agora em exposição em Macduff Marine Aquarium em Aberdeenshire, Escócia.
Aequorea victoria é uma água-viva ou hidromedusa bioluminescente, que se encontra ao largo da costa oeste da América do Norte. Esta espécie é considerada sinônima de Aequorea aequorea de Osamu Shimomura, o descobridor da proteína verde fluorescente (GFP). Shimomura, juntamente com Martin Chalfie e Roger Y. Tsien receberam o Prêmio Nobel de Química 2008 para a descoberta e desenvolvimento desta proteína como uma importante ferramenta de pesquisa biológica. Originalmente, a espécie Aequorea victoria deveria designar a variante encontrada no Pacífico, e a designação Aequorea foi usada para espécimes encontrados no Atlântico e no Mediterrâneo. O nome da espécie utilizada na purificação de GFP foi posteriormente contestada por MN Arai e A. Brinckmann-Voss (1980), que decidiram separá-las com base em 40 amostras recolhidas em torno da Ilha Vancouver. Osamu Shimomura observa que esta espécie, em geral, mostra uma grande variação: entre 1961 e 1988, recolheu cerca de 1 milhão de indivíduos nas águas que cercam oss Friday Harbor Laboratories da Universidade de Washington, e em muitos casos houve variações acentuadas na forma de água-viva. Em setembro de 2009, Aequorea victoria foi encontrado no Moray Firth, uma ocorrência incomum, uma vez que geleias-de-cristal nunca tinham sido vistas ou relatadas em águas britânicas. O espécime está agora em exposição em Macduff Marine Aquarium em Aberdeenshire, Escócia.
Aequorea victoria är en bioluminiscerende manet från Nordamerikas västkust. Maneten producerar GFP, grönt fluorescerande protein, som används inom biologisk forskning.
Djurets huvudsakliga föda är kräftdjur men den äter i viss mån andra maneter. Manetens diameter ligger beroende på habitat och miljöns kvalitet mellan 8 och 20 centimeter. Aequorea victoria driver liksom andra maneter med havsströmmarna genom vattnet. Det nämnda proteinet skapas i 100 särskilda organ som är fördelade längs manetens kant.
GFP upptäcktes av forskaren Osamu Shimomura och hans forskarkolleger lyckades sedan med att framställa proteinet genom genetisk modifiering, därför fick han tillsammans med Martin Chalfie och Roger Tsien nobelpriset i kemi 2008.[1][2]
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Aequorea victoria är en bioluminiscerende manet från Nordamerikas västkust. Maneten producerar GFP, grönt fluorescerande protein, som används inom biologisk forskning.
Djurets huvudsakliga föda är kräftdjur men den äter i viss mån andra maneter. Manetens diameter ligger beroende på habitat och miljöns kvalitet mellan 8 och 20 centimeter. Aequorea victoria driver liksom andra maneter med havsströmmarna genom vattnet. Det nämnda proteinet skapas i 100 särskilda organ som är fördelade längs manetens kant.
GFP upptäcktes av forskaren Osamu Shimomura och hans forskarkolleger lyckades sedan med att framställa proteinet genom genetisk modifiering, därför fick han tillsammans med Martin Chalfie och Roger Tsien nobelpriset i kemi 2008.
維多利亞多管發光水母（學名：Aequorea victoria），又名水晶水母、水晶果凍水母，是一種分佈在北美洲西岸能發光的水母。它們曾被認為是下村脩所發現的Aequorea aequorea的異名。下村脩聯同馬丁·查爾菲及錢永健因發現及改造了綠色熒光蛋白而獲得了2008年的諾貝爾化學獎。原先維多行亞多管發光水母是用來描述分佈在太平洋的變種，而aequorea則是指分佈在大西洋及地中海的群落。這個起初的分法受到質疑，而下村脩亦確認它們之間有很大的不同處。
維多利亞多管發光水母差不多是完全透明及沒有顏色的，有時難於分辨。它們的口伸縮幅度很大，連同垂管位於中央，輻管數量達100條，一直延伸到傘膜邊緣。傘膜邊緣由多達150條不平均的觸鬚包圍，觸鬚上有刺細胞可以幫助捕捉獵物，不過對人類就沒有效。大於3厘米的水母一般都有繁殖用的性腺，性腺沿輻管延伸。傘膜周圍有肌肉的緣膜，當伸縮肌肉時就可以幫助運動。較大標本的下傘經常有𧊕亞目出沒，有時甚至會棲息在輻管內。
維多利亞多管發光水母分佈在太平洋西岸，由白令海至南加利福尼亞州。底棲的水螅形會於春末長出水母體，水母體會飄浮及游到東太平洋近岸及離岸地區。[1]
多管水母屬的物種幾乎很難分辨，但在形態上可以從觸鬚的數量、輻管的數量、邊緣耳囊的數量及大小來作出分辨。不過這些特徵是會改變的，觸鬚及輻管的數量往往會隨著大小而改變。青色多管水母有時會出沒於維多利亞多管發光水母的分佈地。青色多管水母一般都會出沒有東太平洋的離岸地區，很少會在加利福尼亞州中部及星期五港（英语：Friday Harbor）（Friday Harbor）。[2]青色多管水母的外形上較維多利亞多管發光水母大，輻管也較多。另外也會有在兩者體型之間的水母，使用分辨更為困難。
維多利亞多管發光水母的生命模式是二形的，介乎無性的水螅形及有性的水母體。[3]無性的幼水母體會於春末出生，其畢生都是浮游的。水母體的第一個階段生長得很快，當長約3厘米時就會長出配子進行有性繁殖。每一隻水母體只有一個性別：雄性或雌性。在水母體的性腺內每天都有卵及精子成熟，提供足夠的食物後，它們就會被排到水柱進行受精及形成水螅群落。水螅生長在堅硬或岩石材質的海底，並會於春天在未知的環境提示下無性地長出水母。水母體一般壽命為6個月，由春末至秋天止。[2]
維多利亞多管發光水母吃軟體生物，與及一些甲殼類的浮游動物，如橈腳類、蟹的蚤狀幼體、藤壺幼生及其他浮游生物。它們也會吃凝膠狀生物，包括櫛水母、尾海鞘綱及其他水螅和水母（包括同種的）。[4]它們會用觸鬚誘捕獵物，並將之吞下。它們可以吞下其體形一半的食物。維多利亞多管發光水母的密度是與浮游動物的密度成反比，顯示在同一環境下存在著競爭。[4]
多管水母屬的水母體是獅鬃水母、櫛水母、管水母及其他水螅和水母的獵物，它們也會同類相食。[4]很多較大型的都會有寄生的水母鉗𧊕依附在下傘或上傘，甚至在水母中挖穴而不致命。
維多利亞多管發光水母能夠放出藍色的熒光。這是透過快速釋放與水母素相互作用的鈣離子（Ca2+）生成的。所放出的藍光會被綠色熒光蛋白轉變為綠光。水母素和綠色熒光蛋白都是生物學研究的重要工具。
於1961年，下村脩等人從大量的多管水母屬中分離了水母素及腔腸素。[6]他們發現生物發光是由鈣離子引發的。這項研究開展了對綠色熒光蛋白的研究。[6]於1967年，研究人員將水母素注入藤壺的肌肉組織內，觀察肌肉運動時的鈣離子訊號。
下村脩因聯同馬丁·查爾菲及錢永健對綠色熒光蛋白的研究而獲得了2008年的諾貝爾化學獎。[7]
維多利亞多管發光水母（學名：Aequorea victoria），又名水晶水母、水晶果凍水母，是一種分佈在北美洲西岸能發光的水母。它們曾被認為是下村脩所發現的Aequorea aequorea的異名。下村脩聯同馬丁·查爾菲及錢永健因發現及改造了綠色熒光蛋白而獲得了2008年的諾貝爾化學獎。原先維多行亞多管發光水母是用來描述分佈在太平洋的變種，而aequorea則是指分佈在大西洋及地中海的群落。這個起初的分法受到質疑，而下村脩亦確認它們之間有很大的不同處。
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 刺胞動物門 Cnidaria 綱 : ヒドロ虫綱 Hydrozoa 目 : 軟クラゲ目 Leptomedusae 科 : オワンクラゲ科 Aequoreidae 属 : オワンクラゲ属 Aequorea 種 : オワンクラゲ A. coerulescens 学名 Aequorea coerulescens オワンクラゲ（御椀水母、御椀海月）は、ヒドロ虫綱に属するクラゲ様の無脊椎動物。日本各地の沿岸で見られる。傘は碗を逆さにしたような形をしており、透明で内側の放射管がはっきりと外側から見える。最大傘径は20cmにおよび、ヒドロ虫綱で最大。刺激を受けると生殖腺を青白く発光させる。
主に春から夏にかけて見られる。水面に浮き、ほとんど動かないが、他のクラゲや小魚などを大きな口を開けて丸呑みする。
クラゲの中では比較的生命力が強く、飼育も容易であるが、餌を工夫しないと人工繁殖の成体は発光しなくなる（→参照）。
日本沿岸でみられる本種 A. coerulescens は、欧米でみられる A. victoria よりもやや大きいとされるが、現状では別種なのか同種の亜種なのかわかっていない。今のところ A. victoria についても和名をオワンクラゲとしており、下村が緑色蛍光タンパク質を発見したのもこの A. victoria からである。
オワンクラゲ（御椀水母、御椀海月）は、ヒドロ虫綱に属するクラゲ様の無脊椎動物。日本各地の沿岸で見られる。傘は碗を逆さにしたような形をしており、透明で内側の放射管がはっきりと外側から見える。最大傘径は20cmにおよび、ヒドロ虫綱で最大。刺激を受けると生殖腺を青白く発光させる。
主に春から夏にかけて見られる。水面に浮き、ほとんど動かないが、他のクラゲや小魚などを大きな口を開けて丸呑みする。
クラゲの中では比較的生命力が強く、飼育も容易であるが、餌を工夫しないと人工繁殖の成体は発光しなくなる（→参照）。
