- Colombo, Ratgama-Kellei.
[[ soldier ]]. Siam meridional (Kabin, 1896, Kaznakov!).
— [[ worker ]], [[ male ]]. — Bangkok (Dr DE Keyzer).
Pheidologeton diversus, nom vulgar en anglès: East Indian harvesting ant, és una espècie de formiga del gènere Pheidologeton que està distribuïda a Àsia.[1][2][3]
P. diversus és un insecte eusocial i els seus individus presenten variacions per a realitzar les seves tasques socials. El pes sec de les obreres més grosses potser 500 vegades superior al de lesobreres més petites.[1]
S'han descrit les següents subespècies, algunes d'elles es mantenen en terraris:[1][3][4]
Pheidologeton diversus, nom vulgar en anglès: East Indian harvesting ant, és una espècie de formiga del gènere Pheidologeton que està distribuïda a Àsia.
Carebara diversa (common name East Indian harvesting ant),[1][3] is a species of marauder ant widely distributed throughout Asia.[2][4][5]
C diversa is a eusocial insect and individuals have continuous allometric variation in size and morphology to facilitate task allocation and partitioning of work. Minor workers are between 1.3 and 2.5 mm in length, but major workers are much larger. Between the smallest minor and largest major workers there are many intermediate forms. The largest workers can have heads approximately 12 times as large as those of their smallest counterparts. The dry weight of a large major worker can be approximately 550 times as heavy of that of its smallest counterpart. These size-related morphological differences correspond with their division of labor. For example, small, young, minor workers specialize in caring for the larvae but extend their activities as they grow older.[2]
Minor workers have yellowish brown to reddish brown bodies. Their mandibles each have five "teeth" and their antennal scapes are short and do not exceed the posterior margin of the head. Minor workers have rectangular heads with weakly convex posterior margins in full face view[2]
Major workers have reddish brown to blackish brown bodies. Their heads are proportionately larger and almost square with convex posterior margin in frontal view. Mandibles of major workers are large and triangular, with an acute apical "tooth". Their masticatory margins lack distinct "teeth". Their eyes are relatively small and their antennal scapes are half as long as their heads.[2]
C. diversa forms large colonies which are often found in soil or under rocks. This species preys on small animals such as insects and also collects nectivorous materials. These ants regularly form long columns for foraging and sometimes roof these trails with arcades constructed of soil particles.[2] They use pheromone trails to maintain these lines and if these trails are obstructed it causes chaos and crowding. One study showed that 94% of individuals failed to cross an obstacle in the foraging path and that eventually the column creates a detour around such obstructions.[6] The minors of this species are often observed to be 'hitching a ride' on the large majors so as to save energy while moving along the trail.
Due to their raids, Carebara species are often compared to army ants, but there are some important differences:
Carebara species have been described as very aggressive when hunting or defending their nest, but there are contradictory reports about how they react to other ant species: Generally, Carebara species are said to avoid fights with other ant species (a keeper has reported he almost lost his colony to a Lasius niger invasion and watched Carebara evading smaller Pheidole pieli, but a keeper who intentionally kept C. diversa with a Crematogaster species in the same terrarium reported that Carebara workers had attacked and killed Crematogaster workers. Carebara supermajor castes can tear off human skin and can rip out flesh.
C. diversa is widely distributed from India through Southeast Asia to Taiwan and the Philippines.[2][5] Field records of it occurring in Japan are limited although it has been found on two very southern points: Okinawa Island and on Chicchi-jima Island. Specimens taken at the Camp Zama U.S. Air Force base in Kanagawa Prefecture are believed to have originated from commercial introduction from Southeast Asia.[2]
Regarded as "pseudo-army-ants", Carebara diversa and Carebara affinis are popular pets, but they are said to be very sensitive and difficult to keep; even some experienced antkeepers have lost their colonies just after a few months. One antkeeper who goes by the YouTube name AntsCanada (real name Mikey Bustos), however, has managed to successfully keep a thriving colony of this species, among the other colonies of ants in his collection.[7]
It seems not possible to keep real army ants in a formicarium (ant farm) for a longer time because of their nomadic lifestyle, the continuous growth of the colony, and the immense need of food (some army-ant species are also highly selective when it comes to food). In trials performed by zoos and museums, the army-ant colonies died within weeks or months.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Carebara diversa (common name East Indian harvesting ant), is a species of marauder ant widely distributed throughout Asia.
Pheidologeton diversus is een mierensoort uit de onderfamilie van de Myrmicinae.[1][2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1851 door Jerdon.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Pheidologeton diversus é uma espécie de formiga do gênero Pheidologeton, pertencente à subfamília Myrmicinae.[1]
Pheidologeton diversus é uma espécie de formiga do gênero Pheidologeton, pertencente à subfamília Myrmicinae.
Pheidologeton diversus (лат.) — вид средних и мелких по размеру полукочевых муравьёв рода Pheidologeton из подсемейства Myrmicinae семейства Formicidae.
Широко распространены в Азии[1][2][3] Встречаются от Индии через юго-восточную Азию до Тайваня и Филиппин.[1][3][4]. Известны находки на юге Японии: Окинава и Chicchi-jima Island. Находки на военной базе ВВС США Camp Zama (Kanagawa Prefecture) признаны случайно интродуцированными из южной Азии[1].
Аллометрия ярко наблюдается у рабочей касты этого вида. Мелкие рабочие особи имеют длину всего 1,3—2,5 мм, а крупные солдаты достигают 1 см. Между этими крайними формами рабочей касты наблюдается множество переходных типов рабочих. Крупнейшие солдаты в 10 раз длиннее мелких, а по сухой массе превышают их в 500 раз.
Мелкие рабочие имеют окраску от желтой до красно-коричневой. Их мандибулы имеют 5 зубцов, а скапус усиков короткий и не выходит за пределы заднего края головы[1].
Крупные рабочие (солдаты) имеют окраску от красно-коричневой до черной. Их мандибулы крупные и треугольные с одним апикальным зубцом. Жевательный край мандибул без зубцов. Их глаза сравнительно мелкие, а скапус усика вдвое короче длины головы[1].
Муравьи Pheidologeton diversus формируют большие колонии, которые часто располагаются в почве или под камнями. Охотятся на беспозвоночных животных и собирают нектароносные соки растений. Регулярно формируют длинные колонны для фуражировки и иногда покрывают дорожки галереями, построенными из частиц почвы.
Pheidologeton diversus это один из примерно 30 видов рода Pheidologeton[5]. Выделяют несколько подвидов:[1][3][6]
Pheidologeton diversus (лат.) — вид средних и мелких по размеру полукочевых муравьёв рода Pheidologeton из подсемейства Myrmicinae семейства Formicidae.
