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Biology ( Anglèis )

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Atlantic petrels are winter breeders, returning to their colonies from February to March in order to mate (3). Single eggs are laid from June to July, with young hatching in August and September, and fledging in December and January (3) (5). The birds are exclusively nocturnal whilst on land (5). Chicks grow at a very slow rate, suggesting poor at-sea feeding conditions (5). The age of first breeding, breeding frequency and longevity are not yet known for this species (2). Squid forms the bulk of the diet, although some crustaceans and fish will also be taken (2), and the Atlantic petrel possesses physical and behavioural adaptations geared towards catching such prey. The species' towering flight style gives it a commanding field of view, useful in detecting widely dispersed prey (3). Furthermore, few other gadfly petrels in the region have such an elongated bill as this species, which is equipped with a strongly hooked tip, thought to be an adaptation to snatching live, slippery squid from the sea surface (3).
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Conservation ( Anglèis )

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Gough Island is both a Nature Reserve and World Heritage Site, and while this provides good protection from human disturbance, it does not offer the Gough bunting any protection from the mouse predation that is driving it towards extinction (2). A study of the mice conducted by The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and funded by the UK government's Overseas Territories Environment Programme has shown that their eradication from the island is feasible. Unfortunately, however, until adequate funding is acquired this will not occur (7). Gough Island is widely recognised as having one of the most diverse bird colonies in the world, including four endangered species, and every effort should therefore be made to protect it and the rich biodiversity it hosts (8).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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The Atlantic petrel is one of the largest gadfly petrels (Pterodroma species), recognised by its striking white breast and abdomen that contrast with the uniformly black-brown plumage of the rest of the body (4). Particularly sharp colour demarcation exists from the brown upper breast to the white lower breast and belly (2). Sexes are alike (3).
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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This bird nests in colonies on islands, but is otherwise pelagic (2). Nesting occurs in burrows dug in peaty soils in fern-bush vegetation from 50 to 300 metres above sea level on Gough, and at higher elevations on Tristan (2).
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Range ( Anglèis )

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The Atlantic petrel is a seabird predominantly restricted to the South Atlantic, ranging from the east coast of South America to the west coast of Africa (2). Until recently, a breeding population existed on Tristan da Cunha, but this is now believed to be extinct. Today, Gough Island is the only location where this species still breeds, with an estimated population of around 1.8 million pairs (2).
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Status ( Anglèis )

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Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List (1).
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Threats ( Anglèis )

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Although still common, the Atlantic petrel qualifies as Endangered because it has a very small breeding range, with the vast majority of the population on just one island (2). Such a limited range places the bird at risk from chance events such as natural disasters or the introduction of mammalian predators (2) (6). On Gough, predation by the introduced house mouse (Mus musculus) is having a severe effect on the Atlantic petrel's breeding success, with just two percent of the chicks reaching fledging in 2007 (2). The large population of native southern skua (Catharacta antarctica) are also known to feed on seabirds including the Atlantic petrel (2). On Tristan Island, where the Atlantic petrel was once common, it was likely to have been driven into decline by hunting, as it was formerly one of the few sources of food for the islanders during winter (6). Although this exploitation has abated, predation by introduced rats appears to have driven the island's population to extinction (2).
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Atlantiese stormvoël ( Afrikaans )

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Die Atlantiese stormvoël (Pterodroma incerta) is 'n stormvoël en seldsame besoeker aan die kus van Suid-Afrika. Die voël is 42 – 45 cm groot en weeg 450 - 700 g met 'n vlerkspan van 95 - 105 sentimeter. Die voël is groot en bruin met 'n wit onderbors en pens. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Atlantic petrel.

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

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Atlantiese stormvoël: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Atlantiese stormvoël (Pterodroma incerta) is 'n stormvoël en seldsame besoeker aan die kus van Suid-Afrika. Die voël is 42 – 45 cm groot en weeg 450 - 700 g met 'n vlerkspan van 95 - 105 sentimeter. Die voël is groot en bruin met 'n wit onderbors en pens. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Atlantic petrel.

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Petrell de Schlegel ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El petrell de Schlegel (Pterodroma incerta) és un ocell marí de la família dels procel·làrids (Procellariidae), d'hàbits pelàgics, que habita l'Atlàntic Sud i cria a Tristan da Cunha.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Petrell de Schlegel Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Petrell de Schlegel: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El petrell de Schlegel (Pterodroma incerta) és un ocell marí de la família dels procel·làrids (Procellariidae), d'hàbits pelàgics, que habita l'Atlàntic Sud i cria a Tristan da Cunha.

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Pedryn yr Iwerydd ( Galèis )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pedryn yr Iwerydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: pedrynnod yr Iwerydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pterodroma incerta; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Schlegel's petrel. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Pedrynnod (Lladin: Procellariidae) sydd yn urdd y Procellariformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. incerta, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r pedryn yr Iwerydd yn perthyn i deulu'r Pedrynnod (Lladin: Procellariidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Oceanodroma jabejabe Oceanodroma jabejabe Oceanodroma macrodactyla Oceanodroma macrodactyla Oceanodroma monteiroi Oceanodroma monteiroi Pedryn Cynffon-fforchog Oceanodroma leucorhoa
Lesp1.jpg
Pedryn drycin Hydrobates pelagicus
Hydrobates pelagicus.jpg
Pedryn drycin cynffonfforchog Oceanodroma furcata
Oceanodroma furcata 1.jpg
Pedryn drycin du Oceanodroma melania
BlackStormPetrels.JPG
Pedryn drycin gyddfwyn Nesofregetta fuliginosa Pedryn drycin Madeira Oceanodroma castro
Band rumped storm petrel Andre Raine KESRP (21789178016).jpg
Pedryn drycin Matsudaira Oceanodroma matsudairae
012016-IMG 5713 Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma matsudairae) (8005427860).jpg
Pedryn drycin torchog Oceanodroma hornbyi
Hornby storm petrel1a.jpg
Pedryn drycin Tristram Oceanodroma tristrami
Tristams storm petrel.JPG
Pedryn drycin tywyll Oceanodroma markhami
MarkhamSP.jpeg
Pedryn drycin wynebwyn Pelagodroma marina
Godmanstormlg.jpg
Pedryn drycin y Galapagos Oceanodroma tethys
Galapagos storm petrel.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Pedryn yr Iwerydd: Brief Summary ( Galèis )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Pedryn yr Iwerydd (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: pedrynnod yr Iwerydd) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Pterodroma incerta; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Schlegel's petrel. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Pedrynnod (Lladin: Procellariidae) sydd yn urdd y Procellariformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn P. incerta, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Atlantic petrel ( Anglèis )

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The Atlantic petrel (Pterodroma incerta) is a gadfly petrel endemic to the South Atlantic Ocean. It breeds in enormous colonies on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island, and ranges at sea from Brazil to Namibia, with most records at sea being to the west of the breeding islands, and along the subtropical convergence.[2] Adults are about 43 cm long, powerful, large, stocky, dark in color with white belly.[3] Their head can appear to be grey in worn plumage. Brown undercoating of wings and tail. These petrels can live on average of 15 years of age.[3]

Population trends

Although the species exists in large numbers, the world population being estimated at around 5 million birds, it is listed as endangered by the IUCN. It is restricted to just two breeding islands and has declined historically due to exploitation for food. According to some studies, there are roughly 1.1 million mating pairs, but only about 25% of eggs survived.[4] This is making their large population numbers decrease rapidly. Gough Island was the location of study, since other islands are inaccessible due to the steep cliffs.[5] Due to reproduction mortality, this species can become locally extinct making their home range smaller.

Habitat and ecology

The species feeds mostly on squid, which comprise 87% of its diet in some studies; it will also feed on lanternfishes (Myctophidae) as they ascend to the surface at night, as well as on crustaceans and some fish.[2] This species is known for its nocturnal breeding habits.[4] The nesting locations are between 50 and 300 meters above sea level, located on cliffsides on Gough Island and formerly, at Tristan da Cunha it was upwards of 700 meters.[6] It nests in burrows dug in peaty soils in fern-bush vegetation.

Predators and threats

It is currently threatened by introduced house mice, which prey on recently-hatched chicks.[4] Mouse predation is particularly prevalent on Gough Island, whose mice have rapidly evolved to be about twice the size of their mainland counterparts through a phenomenon commonly known as island syndrome.[7]

Given their small breeding range, severe hurricanes also pose an intermittent threat to breeding populations.[8] Increasingly severe storms also threaten the availability and predictability of food sources such as squid.[3]

Conservation efforts

Starting around the 1970s, on Tristan da Cunha, they have programs to teach and learn about this species and why it is important for the ecosystem.[3] They also educate about the dangers that the birds are facing and research ways to implement protection for them in the future. Considering their populations numbers are high, their declining population is thought to be due to the mortality rate of eggs and young. Gough Island is a nature reserve and World Heritage site, there is a field station on this island to observe the Atlantic Petrels population.[6] Research on the House mouse is important to finding ways in reducing these predators' effect on the Atlantic Petrels.[3]

Actions proposed

Further studies on the House mouse and find ways to eradicate mice on Gough Island. Minimize the risk of introducing other species that are invasive to Gough Island and find methods better to understand this species on their habits.[4] Use measures of demographic mapping to better understand the island along with population trends.

It was formerly classified as a vulnerable species by the IUCN.[9] However, new research demonstrated the severe impact of predation by mice. Consequently, it was uplisted to endangered status in 2008.[10]

Footnotes

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2019). "Pterodroma incerta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22698084A152715347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22698084A152715347.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Klages, N.T.W.; Cooper, J. (1997). "Diet of the Atlantic petrel Pterodroma Incerta during breeding at South Atlantic Gough Island" (PDF). Marine Ornithology. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
  3. ^ a b c d e IUCN (2019-06-14). "Pterodroma incerta: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22698084A152715347". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22698084a152715347.en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Cuthbert, Richard; Hilton, Geoff (2004-06-01). "Introduced house mice Mus musculus: a significant predator of threatened and endemic birds on Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean?". Biological Conservation. 117 (5): 483–489. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.08.007. ISSN 0006-3207.
  5. ^ Dilley, Ben J.; Davies, Delia; Bond, Alexander L.; Ryan, Peter G. (2015-06-30). "Effects of mouse predation on burrowing petrel chicks at Gough Island". Antarctic Science. 27 (6): 543–553. doi:10.1017/s0954102015000279. ISSN 0954-1020. S2CID 86782992.
  6. ^ a b "Cooper, J. & Ryan, P.G.Management plan for the Gough Island Wildlife Reserve. Government of Tristan da Cuhna. (1994). 96pages. No price indicated. ISBN 09 03359 38 3". Antarctic Science. 6 (4): 544. December 1994. doi:10.1017/s0954102094260807. ISSN 0954-1020. S2CID 246043428.
  7. ^ Link to external site, this link will open in a new window (April 2021). "Evolution of boldness and exploratory behavior in giant mice from Gough Island". doi:10.1007/s00265-021-03003-6. ISSN 0340-5443. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Bugoni, Leandro; Sander, Martin; Costa, Erli Schneider (December 2007). "Effects of the First Southern Atlantic Hurricane on Atlantic Petrels (Pterodroma Incerta)". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 119 (4): 725–729. doi:10.1676/06-141.1. ISSN 1559-4491. S2CID 85595992.
  9. ^ BLI (2007)
  10. ^ BLI (2008a,b)

References

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Atlantic petrel: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The Atlantic petrel (Pterodroma incerta) is a gadfly petrel endemic to the South Atlantic Ocean. It breeds in enormous colonies on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island, and ranges at sea from Brazil to Namibia, with most records at sea being to the west of the breeding islands, and along the subtropical convergence. Adults are about 43 cm long, powerful, large, stocky, dark in color with white belly. Their head can appear to be grey in worn plumage. Brown undercoating of wings and tail. These petrels can live on average of 15 years of age.

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Atlantika petrelo ( Esperant )

fornì da wikipedia EO

La Atlantika petrelo (Pterodroma incerta) estas birdospecio de la genro de burdopetreloj endemia de Suda Atlantika Oceano. Ĝi reproduktiĝas en enormaj kolonioj de Tristan da Cunha kaj de Insulo Gough, kaj poste disiĝas mare el Brazilo al Namibio, kun plej vidaĵoj mare okcidente de la reproduktejaj insuloj, kaj laŭlonge de la subtropika konverĝo.

Tiu specio manĝas ĉefe kalmarojn, kio enhavas 87% el ties dieto laŭ kelkaj studoj; ili manĝas ankaŭ torĉofiŝoj (nome Miktofedoj) ĉar ili ascendas al surfaco nokte, same kiel krustulojn.

Kvankam la specio ekzistas en grandaj nombroj, nome la tutmonda populacio estis ĉirkaŭkalkulata je 5 milionoj da birdoj, la specio estis listita kiel Endanĝerita fare de la IUCN. La specio estas limigita al nu du reproduktejaj insuloj kaj malpliiĝis historie pro ekspluatado por manĝo, kaj nune oni supozas, ke ĝi estas minacata de enmetitaj hejmmusoj, kiuj atakas idojn, kio kondukas al malalta reprodukta sukceso.

Ĝi estis iam klasita kiel Vundebla specio fare de la IUCN.[1] Sed novaj studoj montris la drastan efikon de la predado fare de musoj. Sekve la specio estis suprenlistita al Endanĝerita statuso en 2008.[2]

Notoj

  1. BLI (2007)
  2. BLI (2008a,b)

Referencoj

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Atlantika petrelo: Brief Summary ( Esperant )

fornì da wikipedia EO

La Atlantika petrelo (Pterodroma incerta) estas birdospecio de la genro de burdopetreloj endemia de Suda Atlantika Oceano. Ĝi reproduktiĝas en enormaj kolonioj de Tristan da Cunha kaj de Insulo Gough, kaj poste disiĝas mare el Brazilo al Namibio, kun plej vidaĵoj mare okcidente de la reproduktejaj insuloj, kaj laŭlonge de la subtropika konverĝo.

Tiu specio manĝas ĉefe kalmarojn, kio enhavas 87% el ties dieto laŭ kelkaj studoj; ili manĝas ankaŭ torĉofiŝoj (nome Miktofedoj) ĉar ili ascendas al surfaco nokte, same kiel krustulojn.

Kvankam la specio ekzistas en grandaj nombroj, nome la tutmonda populacio estis ĉirkaŭkalkulata je 5 milionoj da birdoj, la specio estis listita kiel Endanĝerita fare de la IUCN. La specio estas limigita al nu du reproduktejaj insuloj kaj malpliiĝis historie pro ekspluatado por manĝo, kaj nune oni supozas, ke ĝi estas minacata de enmetitaj hejmmusoj, kiuj atakas idojn, kio kondukas al malalta reprodukta sukceso.

Ĝi estis iam klasita kiel Vundebla specio fare de la IUCN. Sed novaj studoj montris la drastan efikon de la predado fare de musoj. Sekve la specio estis suprenlistita al Endanĝerita statuso en 2008.

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Pterodroma incerta ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Pterodroma incerta: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El petrel de Schlegel, también fardela de alas oscuras, petrel cabeza parda, o petrel atlántico, (Pterodroma incerta), es una especie de petrel endémico del sur del océano Atlántico, habita desde Brasil hasta Namibia. Se reproduce en grandes colonias en Tristán de Acuña y la isla Gough, se estima que su población es de 5 000 000 de ejemplares, está clasificada como vulnerable. Se alimenta principalmente de calamares, de pequeños peces y crustáceos.​

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Petrel azpizuri ( Basch )

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Petrel azpizuria (Pterodroma incerta) Pterodroma generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Procellariidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Petrel azpizuri: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Petrel azpizuria (Pterodroma incerta) Pterodroma generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Procellariidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Valkovatsaviistäjä ( Finlandèis )

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Valkovatsaviistäjä (Pterodroma incerta) on ulappaliitäjien heimoon kuuluva valtamerilintu. Se elää Atlantin eteläosassa ja pesii vain Tristan da Cunhan saariryhmän Tristanin ja Goughin saarilla. Populaation koko on noin viisi miljoonaa yksilöä. Pesimäajan ulkopuolella valkovatsaviistäjät vaeltelevat eteläisellä Atlantilla Etelä-Amerikan ja Afrikan välillä. Hermann Schlegel kuvaili lajin holotyypin vuonna 1863.[2]

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Pterodroma incerta IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 19.6.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. IBC (englanniksi)
Tämä lintuihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Valkovatsaviistäjä: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Valkovatsaviistäjä (Pterodroma incerta) on ulappaliitäjien heimoon kuuluva valtamerilintu. Se elää Atlantin eteläosassa ja pesii vain Tristan da Cunhan saariryhmän Tristanin ja Goughin saarilla. Populaation koko on noin viisi miljoonaa yksilöä. Pesimäajan ulkopuolella valkovatsaviistäjät vaeltelevat eteläisellä Atlantilla Etelä-Amerikan ja Afrikan välillä. Hermann Schlegel kuvaili lajin holotyypin vuonna 1863.

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Pétrel de Schlegel ( Fransèis )

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Pterodroma incerta

Le Pétrel de Schlegel (Pterodroma incerta) est une espèce de oiseaux de la famille des Procellariidae. Il se reproduit uniquement sur les îles Tristan et Gough ; il fréquente les eaux du sud de l'Atlantique, entre les côtes africaines et sud-américaines.

Le nom français de l'espèce commémore son descripteur, l'ornithologue allemand Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884).

Références externes

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Pétrel de Schlegel: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Pterodroma incerta

Le Pétrel de Schlegel (Pterodroma incerta) est une espèce de oiseaux de la famille des Procellariidae. Il se reproduit uniquement sur les îles Tristan et Gough ; il fréquente les eaux du sud de l'Atlantique, entre les côtes africaines et sud-américaines.

Le nom français de l'espèce commémore son descripteur, l'ornithologue allemand Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884).

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Atlantska burnica ( Croat )

fornì da wikipedia hr Croatian

Atlantska burnica (lat. Pterodroma incerta) je morska ptica iz porodice zovoja koja je endem južnog Atlantskog oceana. Gnijezdi se u ogromnim kolonijama na otocima Tristan da Cunha i Goughu, a kreće se i na moru od Brazila do Namibije.

Većinom se hrani lignjama, koje prema nekim znanstvenim istraživanjima zauzimaju 87% njezine prehrane. Nekad se hrani i ribama iz porodice Myctophidae, jer se noću uzdižu na površinu, baš kao i rakovi.

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Schlegels stormvogel ( olandèis; flamand )

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Vogels

Schlegels stormvogel (Pterodroma incerta) is een vogel uit de familie van de stormvogels en pijlstormvogels (Procellariidae). Het is een bedreigde, endemische vogelsoort die alleen nog broedt op het onbewoonde eiland Gough bij Tristan da Cunha. De vogel heet in het Nederlands en het Frans naar Hermann Schlegel die de vogel in 1863 beschreef en als toenaam incerta gebruikte, wat zoiets als onzeker betekent (alsof hij twijfels had over de soortstatus).

Kenmerken

De vogel is 43 cm lang. Het is een middelgrote, fors gebouwde zeevogel, van boven en op de borst egaal chocoladebruin gekleurd. Het onderste deel van de borst en de buik zijn wit en tussen het bruin en het wit is een scherpe afscheiding. De ondervleugel, onderstaartdekveren en anaalstreek zijn bruin. De vogel lijkt op de donsstormvogel (P. mollis), maar deze soort heeft geen egaal bruine ondervleugels, maar enige tekening.[2]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze zeevogel komt voor in het hele zuiden van de Atlantische Oceaan tussen de 20 en 56° zuiderbreedte, maar is ook aangetroffen in de Indische Oceaan. Het huidige broedgebied is alleen nog het eiland Gough waar de vogel broedt in holen in de veengrond tussen varens op hoogten tussen de 50 en 300 m boven de zeeniveau. Buiten de broedtijd is het een vogel die voornamelijk op pijlinktvissen foerageert in open zee.[2]

Status

Schlegels stormvogel broedde op Tristan da Cunha en omliggende eilanden. Het verzamelen van de eieren en jongen van deze zeevogels was lang een belangrijke eiwitbron voor de bewoners. In de jaren 1940 nam daardoor de populatie af, in de jaren 1970 waren er nog 100 tot 200 broedparen, maar inmiddels is de vogel daar zeer waarschijnlijk uitgestorven. Op Cough is nog een grote kolonie. Aantalschattingen uit 2012 liggen tussen de 630.000 en 1.100.000 broedparen. Echter, uit onderzoek blijkt dat het broedsucces erg laag is, tussen de 2 en 20% van de jongen vliegt uit. Het blijkt dat de huismuis (Mus musculus) een belangrijke predator op de kuikens is. Schlegels stromvogel heeft dus een zeer klein broedgebied en daardoor is de kans op uitsterven aanwezig. Om deze redenen staat deze soort als bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[3][1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Schlegels stormvogel op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. a b Factsheet Pterodroma incerta. BirdLife International. Geraadpleegd op 31 mei 2015.
  3. (en) Wanless, R.M. et al, 2007. Can predation by invasive mice drive seabird extinctions? Biol. Letters.3: 241–244. full pdf
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Schlegels stormvogel: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Schlegels stormvogel (Pterodroma incerta) is een vogel uit de familie van de stormvogels en pijlstormvogels (Procellariidae). Het is een bedreigde, endemische vogelsoort die alleen nog broedt op het onbewoonde eiland Gough bij Tristan da Cunha. De vogel heet in het Nederlands en het Frans naar Hermann Schlegel die de vogel in 1863 beschreef en als toenaam incerta gebruikte, wat zoiets als onzeker betekent (alsof hij twijfels had over de soortstatus).

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Kvitbukpetrell ( norvegèis )

fornì da wikipedia NN

Kvitbukpetrell (Pterodroma incerta) er ein fugl i stormfuglfamilien.

Spire Denne biologiartikkelen er ei spire. Du kan hjelpe Nynorsk Wikipedia gjennom å utvide han.
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Grazina-de-barriga-branca ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

A grazina-de-barriga-branca, pardela-de-capuz,[1] freira-de-Schlegel ou fura-bucho-de-capuz[2] (nome científico: Pterodroma incerta) é uma espécie de ave marinha da família Procellariidae, encontrada no oceano Atlântico do Brasil à Namíbia.[3]

A espécie se alimenta principalmente de lulas, que representam 87% de sua dieta em alguns estudos; ela também se alimenta de peixes-lanterna (Myctophidae) conforme eles sobem à superfície à noite, bem como de crustáceos. [4]

Referências

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Grazina-de-barriga-branca: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

A grazina-de-barriga-branca, pardela-de-capuz, freira-de-Schlegel ou fura-bucho-de-capuz (nome científico: Pterodroma incerta) é uma espécie de ave marinha da família Procellariidae, encontrada no oceano Atlântico do Brasil à Namíbia.

A espécie se alimenta principalmente de lulas, que representam 87% de sua dieta em alguns estudos; ela também se alimenta de peixes-lanterna (Myctophidae) conforme eles sobem à superfície à noite, bem como de crustáceos.

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Vitbukig petrell ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Vitbukig petrell[2] (Pterodroma incerta) är en utrotningshotad fågel i familjen liror inom ordningen stormfåglar.[3]

Kännetecken

Utseende

Vitbukig petrell är en stor och kraftig brun och vit petrell med en kroppslängd på 43 centimeter. Ovan och på övre delen av bröstet är en mörkt chokladbrun, men huvudet kan verka grått om dräkten är sliten. En skarp kant skiljer bröstets mörka övre del från vit nedre del och buk. Undergump och undre stjärttäckare är bruna och undersidan av vingen är enfärgat brun. Liknande sammetspetrellen har mönster på undersidan av vingen medan trindadepetrellen har vita vingspeglar. Olikt andra Pterodroma-petreller kan den ses slå med vingarna när den glider över havet.[1]

Läte

Lätet sägs likna långvingad petrell (P. macroptera).[4]

Utbredning och systematik

Fågeln häckar enbart i ögruppen Tristan da Cunha och där troligen numera enbart på Goughön efter att arten inte synts till på huvudön på 35 år.[3][1]. Utanför häckningstid ses den i ett vidare område över södra Atlanten och ses regelbundet i Argentina, Brasilien, Falklandsöarna, Namibia och Sydafrika samt vid öarna Ascension och Tristan da Cunha.[3][1] Tillfälligt har den rört sig ner till Antarktis, Sydgeorgien och Sydsandwichöarna men också till Aqabaviken i Röda havet där två fynd gjorts i både Israel och Jordanien, 31 maj 1982 samt 18 april 1989.[1][5] Den behandlas som monotypisk, det vill säga att den inte delas in i några underarter.

Levnadssätt

Arten lever huvudsakligen av bläckfisk, som i vissa studier utgör 87% av dess föda, men intar också kräftdjur och prickfiskar när de kommer upp till ytan nattetid.[6] Den häckar i bohålor utgrävda i torvjord bland ormbunkar och buskar mellan 50 och 300 meters höjd på Gough, högre upp på Tristan.[1]

Status och hot

Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN kategoriserar arten som starkt hotad med tanke på det extremt begränsade utbredningsområdet samt upptäckten att predation av införda möss påverkar häckningsframgången starkt, vilket troligen kommer decimera populationen. Skulle det bekräftas att arten är utdöd på Tristan da Cunha kan arten uppgraderas till kategorin akut hotad (CR).[1] Arten är fortfarande relativt talrik, med ett bestånd på 1,8 miljoner vuxna individer.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f g h] Birdlife International 2012 Pterodroma incerta Från: IUCN 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2015-01-26.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
  3. ^ [a b c] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-01-01
  4. ^ Carboneras, C., Jutglar, F. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018). Atlantic Petrel (Pterodroma incerta). I: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (red.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (hämtad från https://www.hbw.com/node/52525 19 september 2018).
  5. ^ Mitchell, Dominic (2017). Birds of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East : An Annotated Checklist. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. sid. 51. ISBN 978-84-941892-9-6
  6. ^ Klages, N. T. W.; Cooper, J. 1997. Diet of the Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta during breeding at South Atlantic Gough Island. Marine Ornithology 25: 13-6.

Externa länkar

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Vitbukig petrell: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Vitbukig petrell (Pterodroma incerta) är en utrotningshotad fågel i familjen liror inom ordningen stormfåglar.

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Hải bão Đại Tây Dương ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Pterodroma incerta (tên tiếng Anh: Hải bão Đại Tây Dương) là một loại chim biển nhỏ thuộc chi Hải bão họ Procellariidae [1] , một loài đặc hữu ở phía Nam Đại Tây Dương. Chúng sống với số lượng rất lớn tại Tristan da Cunha, đảo Gough, và phạm vi trên biển từ Brasil tới Namibia, với hầu hết là tại các hòn đảo trên biển về phía tây thuộc vùng nhiệt đới.

Thức ăn của chúng bao gồm các loài mực, cá nhỏ kiếm ăn ban đêm và động vật giáp xác.

Mặc dù có số lượng lớn, ước tính trên thế giới tầm 5 triệu cá thể, nhưng chúng là loài nguy cấp trong sách đỏ của IUCN[2] bởi chúng chỉ sinh sản tại 2 hòn đảo thuộc Tristan da Cunha, cùng với đó là việc săn bắt để làm thực phẩm và tác động nghiêm trọng bởi những con chuột nhắt nhà khiến tỉ lệ con non sống sót rất thấp.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.
  2. ^ BLI (2008a,b)

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Hải bão Đại Tây Dương


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến chim này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Hải bão Đại Tây Dương: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Pterodroma incerta (tên tiếng Anh: Hải bão Đại Tây Dương) là một loại chim biển nhỏ thuộc chi Hải bão họ Procellariidae , một loài đặc hữu ở phía Nam Đại Tây Dương. Chúng sống với số lượng rất lớn tại Tristan da Cunha, đảo Gough, và phạm vi trên biển từ Brasil tới Namibia, với hầu hết là tại các hòn đảo trên biển về phía tây thuộc vùng nhiệt đới.

Thức ăn của chúng bao gồm các loài mực, cá nhỏ kiếm ăn ban đêm và động vật giáp xác.

Mặc dù có số lượng lớn, ước tính trên thế giới tầm 5 triệu cá thể, nhưng chúng là loài nguy cấp trong sách đỏ của IUCN bởi chúng chỉ sinh sản tại 2 hòn đảo thuộc Tristan da Cunha, cùng với đó là việc săn bắt để làm thực phẩm và tác động nghiêm trọng bởi những con chuột nhắt nhà khiến tỉ lệ con non sống sót rất thấp.

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Breeding Category ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Vagrant

Arferiment

Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK.

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Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
breeding on Tristan da Cunha

Arferiment

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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IUCN Red List Category ( Anglèis )

fornì da World Register of Marine Species
Vulnerable

Arferiment

Woehler E.J. (compiler) 2006. Species list prepared for SCAR/IUCN/BirdLife International Workshop on Antarctic Regional Seabird Populations, March 2005, Cambridge, UK.

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