Melanerpes aurifrons (Wagler 1829)

Melanerpes aurifrons, ye una especie d'ave piciforme, perteneciente a la familia Picidae, subfamilia Picinae, del xéneru Melanerpes.^[1]

Subespecies

• Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons (Wagler, 1829)
• Melanerpes aurifrons canescens (Salvin, 1889)
• Melanerpes aurifrons dubius (Cabot, 1844)
• Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839)
• Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi (Dickerman, 1987)
• Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus (Bond, 1936)
• Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway, 1885)
• Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway, 1888)
• Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862)
• Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838)
• Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis (Russell, 1963)

Localización

Esta especie d'ave y les sos subespecies alcuéntrense n'Estaos Xuníos, Méxicu y Guatemala.^[2]

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

Ar speg tal aour^{(Daveoù a vank)} a zo ur spesad evned, Melanerpes aurifrons an anv skiantel anezhañ.

Anvet e voe Picus Aurifrons (kentanv) da gentañ-penn (e 1829) gant al loenoniour alaman Johann Georg Wagler (1800-1832).

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Bevañ a ra diwar amprevaned (akridi, c'hwiled ha merien en o zouez) hag ivez diwar frouezh, hugennoù, maiz ha mez.

Annez

Kavout a reer ar spesad eus douaroù izel mervent Oklahoma ha gwalarn Texas da greisteiz-kreiz Mec'hiko^[1].

Liammoù diavaez

• (en) Melanerpes aurifrons war al lec'hienn BirdLife International.
• (en) Melanerpes aurifrons war lec'hienn an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Notennoù ha daveennoù

El picot frontdaurat (Melanerpes aurifrons) és un ocell de la família dels pícids (Picidae) que habita boscos oberts, garrigues i encara ciutats, des de l'est de Durango, centre de Chihuahua, oest, nord, centre i sud de Texas i sud-oest d'Oklahoma, cap al sud, a través de Mèxic i oest i centre d'Hondures. Està absent des de l'est d'Hondures fins al nord de Nicaragua.

La població que habita des de Mèxic central cap al sud, és considerada una espècie de ple dret per alguns autors: Melanerpes santacruzi

Referències

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cnocell eurfron (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: cnocellau eurfron) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Melanerpes aurifrons; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Golden-fronted woodpecker. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Cnocellod (Lladin: Picidae) sydd yn urdd y Piciformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn M. aurifrons, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Teulu

Mae'r cnocell eurfron yn perthyn i deulu'r Cnocellod (Lladin: Picidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

Der Goldstirnspecht (Melanerpes aurifrons) ist eine Spechtart aus der Gattung Melanerpes innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Echten Spechte (Picinae).

Merkmale

Der Goldstirnspecht gehört mit einer Größe von 27 cm und einem Durchschnittsgewicht von 87 g^[1] zu den mittelgroßen Spechten. Die Flügellängen betragen zwischen 12,7 cm beim Weibchen und 13,3 cm beim Männchen. Ebenso differieren die Schnabellängen der Männlichen Tiere mit 32,2 mm zu der der Weibchen mit 28,3 mm^[1]. Er besitzt eine gelbe Stirn oberhalb seines Schnabels, welche namensgebend für diese Vogelart ist. Sein Kopf und sein Rumpf sind graufarben, der Nacken ist orange-rötlich. Das Flügelgefieder besitzt ein schwarz-weiß gestreiftes Muster. Das Männchen hat einen roten Scheitelfleck.

Vorkommen

Der Goldstirnspecht ist in den mittelamerikanischen Staaten Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, sowie in Ost-Mexiko und in den US-Bundesstaaten Texas und Oklahoma verbreitet. Er ist in Waldgebieten sowie in Park- und Gartenanlagen beheimatet. Er brütet in Baumhöhlen. Seine Nahrung besteht überwiegend aus Insekten und Käfern.

Lebensweise

Er sucht seine Nahrung hauptsächlich in den oberen Regionen der Bäume^[1].

Unterarten

weibl. und männl. Goldstirnspecht

Laut Integrated Taxonomic Information System sind 11 Unterarten des Goldstirnspechts gültig. Es handelt sich hierbei um:

• Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons (Wagler, 1829)
• Melanerpes aurifrons canescens (Salvin, 1889)
• Melanerpes aurifrons dubius (Cabot, 1844)
• Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839)
• Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi (Dickerman, 1987)
• Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus (Bond, 1936)
• Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway, 1885)
• Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway, 1888)
• Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862)
• Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838)
• Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis (Russell, 1963)

Literatur

• Donald and Lilian Stokes: Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Eastern Region. Little, Brown and Company, Boston 1996, ISBN 0-316-81809-7.

Einzelnachweise

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Dieter Blume: Spechte fremder Länder. Neue Brehm-Bücherei Nr. 434, A. Ziemsen-Verlag, Wittenberg; 1971, S. 71.

Velasquez's woodpecker male on wild papaya

The golden-fronted woodpecker (Melanerpes aurifrons) is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in the southern United States, Mexico and parts of Central America.

Taxonomy and systematics

The golden-fronted woodpecker's taxonomy has not been settled. The American Ornithological Society, the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assign it 12 subspecies. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) treats it as a monotypic species, and assigns the other 11 subspecies to Velasquez's woodpecker (Melanerpes santacruzi).^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

This article follows the IOC monotypic-species model.

Male in flight, Texas

Description

The golden-fronted woodpecker is 22 to 26 cm (8.7 to 10 in) long and weighs 65 to 102 g (2.3 to 3.6 oz). Males and females have the same plumage except for the pattern on their heads. Adult males have a red crown and a golden orange to yellow nape with a gap between them; females have a grayish crown and a paler yellow nape. On adults of both sexes the rest of the head is various shades of gray. Their upperparts are mostly barred black and white, with white uppertail coverts that have a few black spots. Their flight feathers are black with variable amounts of white on the primaries. Their tail is mostly black with variable amounts of white on the outermost three pairs of feathers. Their underparts are smoke gray to drab gray with light blackish bars on the flanks and undertail coverts and a yellow patch on the belly. Their iris is deep red to reddish brown, their bill is black to grayish black, and their legs and feet are grayish green to greenish gray. Juveniles are duller overall than adults, with little or no orange on the nape, indistinct barring on the upperparts, and fine dusky streaks on the underparts. Males have a small red crown patch and females just a few red feathers there.^[7]

Distribution and habitat

The golden-fronted woodpecker is found from southwestern Oklahoma through central Texas onto the Mexican Plateau as far as Jalisco, San Luis Potosí, and Hidalgo. It is a casual visitor to New Mexico and has strayed further north and east. It inhabits both mesic and xeric landscapes. It favors the latter, which include mesquite brushlands and riparian woodlands. It also frequents urban parks and suburban areas.^[7][8]

Behavior

Movement

The golden-fronted woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.^[7]

Feeding

The golden-fronted woodpecker's diet is adult and larval arthropods, some aerial insects, much fruit and nuts, and corn. It has been observed predating other birds' eggs. The species forages mainly in trees, especially on major limbs and typically below 6 m (20 ft). It also forages on open or grassy ground but seldom under brush. It takes its food by gleaning, pecking, probing, and least frequently by aerial flycatching.^[7]

Breeding

The golden-fronted woodpecker usually remains paired year-round, and is territorial even outside the nesting season. In Texas it breeds between March and July, and often produces two broods per year. Both sexes excavate the nest cavity in the trunk or limb of a tree, both live and dead. It also sometimes uses utility poles, fence posts, and nest boxes. The cavity is usually between 2 and 9 m (7 and 30 ft) above the ground. Most clutches are of four or five eggs, and both sexes incubate. The incubation period is 12 to 14 days and fledging occurs about 30 days after hatch.^[7]

Vocal and non-vocal sounds

The golden-fronted woodpecker's call is "a loud harsh kirrr or a hard tig tig" that is often repeated in a series. Its drumming is "short and relatively slow".^[9]

Status

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has not assessed the golden-fronted woodpecker separately from Velasquez's woodpecker. The golden-fronted woodpecker sensu lato is considered to be of Least Concern, with a stable population.^[1] It is considered common in much of Texas; population data from Mexico is sparse. It "appears to adjust well to human-altered environments, occupying parks and urban areas."^[7]

References

Melanerpes aurifrons es una especie de ave piciforme, perteneciente a la familia Picidae, subfamilia Picinae, del género Melanerpes.^[1]​ Comúnmente conocido como pájaro carpintero cheje.

Subespecies

• Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons (Wagler, 1829)
• Melanerpes aurifrons canescens (Salvin, 1889)
• Melanerpes aurifrons dubius (Cabot, 1844)
• Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839)
• Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi (Dickerman, 1987)
• Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus (Bond, 1936)
• Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway, 1885)
• Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway, 1888)
• Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862)
• Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838)
• Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis (Russell, 1963)

Localización

Esta especie de ave y las subespecies son localizadas en Estados Unidos, México, Guatemala y Honduras,^[2]​ como también es posible verlas en la región Andina de Colombia.

Referencias

Melanerpes aurifrons Melanerpes generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Picidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

Kanpo estekak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Melanerpes
• Picidae

Melanerpes aurifrons

Le Pic à front doré (Melanerpes aurifrons) est une espèce d'oiseaux appartenant à la famille des Picidae.

Description morphologique

Comportement

Répartition et habitat

L'aire de répartition de cette espèce s'étend du centre-sud des États-Unis au centre du Mexique^[1].

Systématique

Suivant les travaux de García-Trejo et al. (2009), 10 des 11 sous-espèces qui constituaient cette espèce sont séparées pour constituer la nouvelle espèce Melanerpes santacruzi^[1]. Le Pic à front doré est donc désormais un taxon monotypique (c'est-à-dire non divisé en sous-espèces).

Le Pic de Hoffmann (Melanerpes hoffmannii) était autrefois considéré par certains auteurs comme une sous-espèce de Melanerpes aurifrons (sensu lato).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

De goudvoorhoofdspecht (Melanerpes aurifrons) is een vogel uit de familie Picidae.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor van de zuidelijk-centrale Verenigde Staten tot centraal Mexico.

Externe link

• Avibase

Dzięciur złotoczelny (Melanerpes aurifrons) – gatunek ptaka z rodziny dzięciołowatych (Picidae). Występuje głównie na terenach Ameryki Północnej.

Morfologia

Średniej wielkości dzięcioł. Długi, czarny dziób, przód głowy żółty. Samca cechuje czerwona czapeczka. Wierzch ciała w drobne, czarno-białe paseczki. Zewnętrzne sterówki ogona także czarno-biało paskowane. Spód ciała i nogi szare.

Wymiary

• długość ciała: 22-26 cm
• rozpiętość skrzydeł: 43 cm
• masa ciała: 65-102 g

Biotop

Świetliste lasy.

Pożywienie

Owady, owoce, nasiona, okazjonalnie ptasie jaja i jaszczurki.

Lęgi

Najprawdopodobniej dwa lęgi^[4]. Gniazdo znajduje się w sosnach limbach albo pniach martwych drzew. Składa 4-7 białych jaj, inkubacja trwa 12-14^[4] dni dni. Pisklęta klują się nagie i ślepe.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

• Golden-fronted Woodpecker (ang.). All About Birds. [dostęp 2010-10-10].

Gulpannad hackspett^[2] (Melanerpes aurifrons) är en fågel i familjen hackspettar inom ordningen hackspettartade fåglar.^[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Gulpannad hackspett delas in i tre grupper av tolv underarter med följande utbredning:^[3]

• Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons – låglänta områden från sydvästra Oklahoma och nordvästra Texas till södra och centrala Mexiko
• santacruzi-gruppen
  • Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis – östra Mexiko (från Tamaulipas och San Luis Potosí till Puebla, Veracruz)
  • Melanerpes aurifrons veraecrucis – Atlantsluttningen från östra Mexiko (Veracruz) till nordöstra Guatemala
  • Melanerpes aurifrons dubius – södra Mexiko (Yucatánhalvön) till nordöstra Guatemala och Belize
  • Melanerpes aurifrons leei – ön Cozumel (utanför östra Mexiko)
  • Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis – Turneffeöarna (utanför Belize)
  • Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi – sydöstra Chiapas till El Salvador, sydvästra Honduras och norra och centrala Nicaragua
  • Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi – Guatemala (övre Río Negro och övre Motaguadalen)
  • Melanerpes aurifrons pauper – kustnära norra Honduras
  • Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus – ön Utila (utanför norra Honduras)
  • Melanerpes aurifrons canescens – öarna Roatán och Barbareta (utanför norra Honduras)
• Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus – torra sydvästra Mexiko (sydvästra Oaxaca genom inre Chiapas)

Underartsgrupperna santacruzi och polygrammus urskiljs ofta tillsammans som den egna arten velásquezspett (M. santacruzi).^[4]

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling och tros inte vara utsatt för något substantiellt hot.^[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).^[1]

Referenser

1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2017 Melanerpes aurifrons . Från: IUCN 2017. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017.3. Läst 2018-02-01.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2016) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2016 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2016-08-11
4. ^ Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2016. IOC World Bird List (v 6.4). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.6.4.

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör gulpannad hackspett.
  Bilder & media
• Wikispecies har information om Melanerpes aurifrons.
  Artförteckning
• Bilder och filmer på Internet Bird Collection
• Läten på xeno-canto.org, endast aurifrons i begränsad mening

Altın alınlı ağaçkakan, Melanerpes aurifrons, Kuzey ve Orta Amerika'da yaşayan, Melanerpes cinsinden bir ağaçkakan türüdür. ABD, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Meksika, Nikaragua'da bulunur. Yaklaşık olarak 1.400.000 km²'lik bir alanda 1.700.000 altın alınlı ağaçkakanın yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir.

Fiziksel özellikleri

Altın alınlı ağaçkakan 20–22 cm. civarında boyuyla orta büyüklükte bir ağaçkakandır. Başı, boğazı, göğsü ve karnı soluk gridir. Ensesinde ve gagasının hemen üstünde parlak turuncu - sarı renkte tüyler bulunur. Sırtı belirgin bir şekilde siyah ve beyaz çizgilidir. Siyah kanatları da beyaz çizgili ve beneklidir. Arka kısmı ve kuyruk uçları beyaz renktedir. Erkeklerin başı üzerinde kırmızı renkte olan leke, dişilerde siyahtır.^[1] Erkeklerin tüyleri dişilere göre daha parlaktır. Gözler kahve-kızıl arasında, ayaklar ise soluk gri renktedir. Genç kuşların göğüsleri çizgili ve başlarındaki lekeler kahverengidir. Renkleri erişkin kuşlardan daha donuktur. Gözler kahverengidir.^[2]

Davranış

Yuva yapma özellikleri kızıl karınlı ağaçkakana benzer ve genellikle uzun pecan, meşe ve mesquite ağaçlarına yuva yapar. Sıklıkla çit direkleri, telefon direkleri ve tahta kuş yuvalarını da kullanır. Altın alınlı ağaçkakan hem böceklerle hem de bitkisel besinlerle beslenir. Genellikle çekirgelerin yanında karınca ve diğer böcekleri yer. Bitkisel olarak da tahıl, meşe palamudu, yaban meyveleri ile beslenir. Ağaçkakanların genel davranışının aksine altın alınlı ağaçkakan besin bulmak için ağaçları delmek yerine yerdeki ve ağaç kabuğunun üzerindeki ya da hemen altındaki böcek ve larvaları arar.^[3] Uzun bir dile sahiptir ve birkaç santimetre dışarı çıkarabildiği bu dille ağaç kabukları üstündeki boşluklarda böcek ve larvalara ulaşabilir.^[2]

Dişi altın alınlı ağaçkakan yılda iki kere her seferinde 4-7 arası parlak, yuvarlak ve beyaz yumurta yumurtlar. Kuluçka süresi 12-14 gün arasındadır. Yuvadaki kuşları hem anne hem de baba besler. Yavru kuşlar 30 gün içinde palazlanır ve uçabilir.^[1][2].

Altın alınlı ağaçkakan yuvarlanan ve tek ya da arka arkaya gelen “çur-çur” sesi ile birlikte gürültülü ve ritmik “kiik-kiik” sesi çıkarır. Aynı zamanda genizden gelen ve hızlı bir “yak-yak-yak-yak” sesi ile birlikte tambur vuruşları da duyulur.^[2].

Alt türler

Aşağıda 2005 tarihli ITIS sınıflandırması kaynak alınmıştır^[4]:

• Melanerpes aurifrons aurifrons (Wagler, 1829)
• Melanerpes aurifrons canescens (Salvin, 1889)
• Melanerpes aurifrons dubius (Cabot, 1844)
• Melanerpes aurifrons grateloupensis (Lesson, 1839)
• Melanerpes aurifrons hughlandi, (R.W. Dickerman, 1987)
• Melanerpes aurifrons insulanus (James Bond, 1936)
• Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway, 1885)
• Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway, 1888)
• Melanerpes aurifrons polygrammus (Cabanis, 1862)
• Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte, 1838)
• Melanerpes aurifrons turneffensis (Stephen M. Russell, 1963)

Notlar

Kaynakça

• BirdLife International (2004). Melanerpes aurifrons. Tehlike altında olan türlerin 2006 IUCN Kırmızı Listesisi. IUCN 2006. 13 Mart 2007 tarihinde alınmıştır.

Dış bağlantılar

• Altın alınlı ağaçkakan, bibliyografya (İngilizce).
• Birdphotography.com. Altın alınlı ağaçkakan fotoğrafları. (İngilizce)
• Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (çevrimiçi). (İngilizce)

Wikimedia Commons'ta Altın alınlı ağaçkakan ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur.

Melanerpes aurifrons là một loài chim trong họ Picidae.^[1] Gõ kiến trán vàng kim một chim gõ kiến ​​Bắc Mỹ. Môi trường sống ưa thích của chúng là rừng cây bụi và ven sông. Chúng phân bố từ Texas và Oklahoma tại Mỹ thông qua Mexico đến Honduras và Nicaragua phía Bắc.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Bài viết liên quan đến bộ Gõ kiến này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

• x
• t
• s

• 1 Описание
• 2 Распространение
• 3 Питание
• 4 Размножение
• 5 Примечания
• 6 Литература