Verongiida Bergquist 1978

All Biocode files are based on field identifications to the best of the researcher’s ability at the time.

South Pacific Ocean, Duration 10 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 12 seconds

Figure 37.Aplysina aerophoba. a) underwater shot of a specimen with typical seasonal outgrowths in spring-summer b, c skeletal network at different magnifications (LM) with indistinguishable primary and secondary fibres both characterised by an empty core.

Mabul, Sabah, Malaysia

Diano Marina, Liguria, Italia

South West, Singapore

South Pacific Ocean, Duration 11 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 16 seconds

Figure 38.Aplysina cavernicola. a large digitate colony ca. 70–80 cm b cross section (LM) of a laminate fibre showing a light spongy core that, in dried conditions, becomes empty c, d different magnifications (LM) of the skeleton, indistinguishable from that of Aplysina aerophoba.

Diano Marina, Liguria, Italy

South West, Singapore

Ianthella basta is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Rhabdamia gracilis (Slender cardinalfish). Coral Sea, Duration 15 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 7 seconds

Figure 39.Hexadella spp. Underwater photographs of two specimens with the surface ornamentation and oscular funnels typical of the genus. Colour in vivo is not diagnostic at the species level.

Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia

Ianthella basta is not the primary subject of the video clip; the primary subject is Sarcophyton sp. 1 (unidentified mushroom leather coral). Coral Sea, Duration 27 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 12 seconds

Figure 39.Hexadella spp. Underwater photographs of two specimens with the surface ornamentation and oscular funnels typical of the genus. Colour in vivo is not diagnostic at the species level.

Central Singapore, Singapore

Coral Sea, Shot at dusk, Duration 22 seconds

Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Duration 8 seconds

Figure 39.Hexadella spp. Underwater photographs of two specimens with the surface ornamentation and oscular funnels typical of the genus. Colour in vivo is not diagnostic at the species level.

Singapore, South West, Singapore