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Plancia ëd Plethodon richmondi Netting & Mittleman 1938
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Plethodon richmondi Netting & Mittleman 1938

Description ( Anglèis )

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Plethodon richmondi is an eastern member of the cinereus group. Like other P. cinereus species, P. richmondi is sometimes described as a “worm with legs.” The rounded tail is slightly compressed along the sides and it accounts for almost half of the species TL, which ranges from 65-143 mm. Adult female individuals are usually larger than adult males, but adult males have cloacal papillae and large mental glands that are lacking in adult females. The dorsal region and sides are dark brown, almost black, and sprinkled with various colored spots, from gold to greenish-gold to silvery-white. Along the ventral area, the dark coloration predominates. The only area of the species that is light in color is the throat region, although this coloration creates a mottled effect. The throat also has a developed gular fold.When they hatch, P. richmondi individuals are light gray above with large white spots on a black network along the dorsum. They average about 14-15 mm SVL (Regester 2000).Etymology:The species is named in honor of Neil D. Richmond, a Virginia-born herpetologist (Regester 2000).

Arferiment

Regester, K. J. (2000). ''Plethodon richmondi.'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 707.1-707.3.

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Elizabeth Reisman

Distribution and Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Plethodon richmondi prefers the moist conditions found under logs, stumps, leaf litter, and rocks in wooded valleys and ravines of the eastern US. The species’ distribution ranges from west of the New and Kanawha rivers and south of the Teays River Valley in West Virginia, through Kentucky, and into the southwestern regions of Virginia. P. richmondi can even be found in the very northwestern areas of North Carolina and northeastern Tennessee. Although a terrestrial salamander, it is rarely found on ridges, hilltops or valley floors where conditions are frequently very dry. Large populations of this salamander are found on wooded talus slopes (Regester 2000).
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Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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The Ravine salamander has a diet that consists mainly of small insects such as ants and beetles. They will also eat pill bugs, earthworms, spiders, and snails (Harding, 1997).

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
editor
James Harding, Michigan State University

Morphology ( Anglèis )

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This species is very long and slender with short legs, it has been described as a "worm with legs," (Conant and Collins 1998). The tail of adults makes up about 50% of the total body length. The dorsal coloration is seal brown to nearly black but sprinkled with silvery-white and bronze speckles. The sides have very small irregular white blotches and 20-33 costal grooves (Petranka, 1998). The belly is dark gray with lighter gray speckles, leading to an even more heavily mottled chin. The adult length runs from 7.5 to 14.4 cm. (3 to 5.6 in.) Males are slightly larger than the females with a conspicuous mental gland on the chin (Harding, 1997).

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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The ravine salamander gets its name from inhabiting the slopes of woodland ravines and valleys, it is usually found under a flat rock. In the hottest parts of the summer they move into the ground, a depth of over a meter (3.3ft.) has been reported (Harding, 1997). Little evidence has been found to indicate that this salamander is territorial, it is in fact less aggressive than other Plethodon species (Petranka, 1998).

Terrestrial Biomes: forest

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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This salamander ranges from western Pennsylvania to Indiana. It occurs in the Lake Erie basin also (Harding, 1997). There are no conspicuous patterns of geographic variation in coloring or patterning, instead regional populations are distinguished by the number of costal grooves (Petranka, 1998).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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With their affinity to habitats with steep gradients, Ravine salamanders seem to be more specialized than other Great Lakes plethodon. They are important members to the woodland floor community (Harding, 1997).

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Life Cycle ( Anglèis )

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Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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Deforestation and urbanization are the primary factors that have eliminated the local populations of this species throughout its range (Petranka, 1998).

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
autor
Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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The mating season for this salamander extends from autumn through early spring. Most females oviposit in deep underground passageways, and are likely to brood their eggs through hatching. Hatching occurs in late summer or early fall; however most hatchlings do not move to ground surface until the following spring. Hatchlings are light grey above with an immaculate belly, and reach an average length of 14-15mm. SVL. Females reproduce biennially. Male salamanders reach sexual maturity slightly more than 2 years after hatching while females begin maturing when 2 years old (Petranka, 1998).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)

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Hastings, A. 2000. "Plethodon richmondi" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Plethodon_richmondi.html
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Angie Hastings, Michigan State University
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James Harding, Michigan State University

Ravine salamander ( Anglèis )

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The ravine salamander (Plethodon richmondi) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. The species is endemic to the United States, and it is threatened by habitat loss.

Etymology

The epithet, richmondi, is in honor of its discoverer, Neil D. Richmond, who later succeeded M. Graham Netting as Curator of the Section of Amphibians and Reptiles at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[2]

Description

An adult ravine salamander is 7.5–11.5 cm (3–4½ inches) in total length (including tail). It has short limbs and is somewhat worm-like in appearance and movement. Dorsally and laterally, it is dark brown or black, with silvery or brassy flecks. Ventrally, unlike other small plethodontids, it is dark brown or black.[3]

Geographic range

The ravine salamander is found in eastern Kentucky, Ohio, southern West Virginia, western Virginia, and northwestern North Carolina, northeastern Tennessee.[1]

Habitat and behavior

The natural habitat of P. richmondi is temperate forests, in which it prefers the slopes of valleys and ravines.[4] It is a terrestrial species and is found among the leaf litter, hiding under logs, stones or stumps. It hibernates underground in winter and aestivates at the height of summer.[1]

Reproduction

Eggs of P. richmondi are laid in cracks and crevices and develop directly into juvenile salamanders without an intervening larval stage.[1]

Conservation status

The main threats facing the ravine salamander are degradation of its habitat, and some sub-populations have been destroyed by this. However, it is a common species in its wide geographic range and occurs in several protected areas, and overall the population seems steady. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being of "least concern".[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2014). "Plethodon richmondi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T59352A56339909. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T59352A56339909.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ Beltz, Ellin (2006). Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained. ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx/html.
  3. ^ Atlas of Amphibians. Austin Peay State University website. http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/amatlas/title.htm.
  4. ^ Conant, Roger (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Plethodon richmondi, pp. 274-275, Figure 86 + Plate 41 + Map 231).
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Ravine salamander: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The ravine salamander (Plethodon richmondi) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. The species is endemic to the United States, and it is threatened by habitat loss.

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Plethodon richmondi ( Basch )

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Plethodon richmondi Plethodon generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Plethodon richmondi: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Plethodon richmondi Plethodon generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Plethodontidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Plethodon richmondi ( Fransèis )

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Plethodon richmondi est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique d'Amérique du Nord. Elle se rencontre aux États-Unis dans le sud-ouest de la Virginie, dans le Sud-Ouest de la Virginie-Occidentale, dans l'ouest de la Caroline du Nord, dans l'est du Kentucky et dans le nord-est du Tennessee[1].

Plethodon richmondi on rock.jpg

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Neil Dwight Richmond (1912-1992)[2].

Publication originale

  • Netting & Mittleman, 1938 : Description of Plethodon richmondi, a new salamander from West Virginia and Ohio. Annals of the Carnegie Museum. Pittsburgh, vol. 27, p. 287-293.

Notes et références

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Plethodon richmondi: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Plethodon richmondi est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Plethodontidae.

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Саламандра Ричмонда ( ucrain )

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Опис

Загальна довжина становить 7,5—14,5 см. Голова товста. Очі опуклі. Тулуб тонкий та стрункий. Кінцівки короткі, проте добре розвинені. Хвіст довгий, поступово звужується при кінці. Забарвлення спини та боків темно-коричневого або чорного кольору, зі сріблястими плямами. Черево має темно-коричневий або чорний колір.

Спосіб життя

Полюбляє лісисті долини, вологі ущелини, яри. Зустрічається на висоті до 1300 м над рівнем моря. Живляться мурахами, личинками двокрилих, кліщами, равликами, жуками, дощовими хробаками, термітами та павуками.

Самиця відкладає 2—4 яйця. Довжина дитинчат від голови до клоаки становить 1,4-1,5 см.

Поширення

Поширена у США: у Західній Вірджинії, Кентуккі, південно-західній частині Вірджинії, північно-західній частині Північної Кароліни та північно-східному Теннессі.

Джерела

  • Conant, Roger. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, 2nd editition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston ISBN 0395904528.
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Plethodon richmondi ( vietnamèis )

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Plethodon richmondi (tên tiếng Anh: Ravine Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Hoa Kỳ.

Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ôn hòa. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Geoffrey Hammerson (2004) Plethodon richmondi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
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Liên kết ngoài

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Plethodon richmondi: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Plethodon richmondi (tên tiếng Anh: Ravine Salamander) là một loài kỳ giông trong họ Plethodontidae. Nó là loài đặc hữu của Hoa Kỳ.

Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ôn hòa. Nó bị đe dọa do mất môi trường sống.

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Тонкая саламандра ( russ; russi )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Беспанцирные
Подотряд: Salamandroidea
Подсемейство: Plethodontinae
Вид: Тонкая саламандра
Международное научное название

Plethodon richmondi Netting & Mittleman, 1938

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ITIS 173667NCBI 154588EOL 330590

Тонкая саламандра[1] (лат. Plethodon richmondi) — вид хвостатых амфибий рода Лесные саламандры (Plethodon) семейства Безлёгочные саламандры (Plethodontidae). Видовое латинское название дано в честь Нейла Дуайта Ричмонда (1912—1992)[2].

Общая длина составляет 7,5—14,5 см. Голова толстая. Глаза выпуклые. Туловище тонкое и стройное. Конечности короткие, но хорошо развиты. Хвост длинный, постепенно сужается на конце. Окраска спины и боков тёмно-коричневого или чёрного цвета, с серебристыми пятнами. Брюхо имеет тёмно-коричневый или чёрный цвет[3].

Любит лесистые долины, влажные ущелья, овраги[4]. Встречается на высоте до 1300 метров над уровнем моря. Питается муравьями, личинками двукрылых, клещами, улитками, жуками, дождевыми червями, термитами и пауками.

Самка откладывает 2—4 яйца. Длина детёнышей от головы до клоаки составляет 1,4—1,5 см.

Вид распространён в США: в Западной Вирджинии, Кентукки, юго-западной части Вирджинии, северо-западной части Северной Каролины и северо-восточном Теннесси[5].

Plethodon richmondi on rock.jpg

Примечания

  1. Ананьева Н. Б., Боркин Л. Я., Даревский И. С., Орлов Н. Л. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Амфибии и рептилии. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — С. 29. — 10 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00232-X.
  2. Beltz, Ellin. 2006. Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America — Explained. ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx/html.
  3. Atlas of Amphibians. Austin Peay State University website. http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/amatlas/title.htm.
  4. Conant, Roger. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Plethodon richmondi, pp. 274—275, Figure 86 + Plate 41 + Map 231.)
  5. Geoffrey Hammerson (2004) Plethodon richmondi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
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Тонкая саламандра: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

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Тонкая саламандра (лат. Plethodon richmondi) — вид хвостатых амфибий рода Лесные саламандры (Plethodon) семейства Безлёгочные саламандры (Plethodontidae). Видовое латинское название дано в честь Нейла Дуайта Ричмонда (1912—1992).

Общая длина составляет 7,5—14,5 см. Голова толстая. Глаза выпуклые. Туловище тонкое и стройное. Конечности короткие, но хорошо развиты. Хвост длинный, постепенно сужается на конце. Окраска спины и боков тёмно-коричневого или чёрного цвета, с серебристыми пятнами. Брюхо имеет тёмно-коричневый или чёрный цвет.

Любит лесистые долины, влажные ущелья, овраги. Встречается на высоте до 1300 метров над уровнем моря. Питается муравьями, личинками двукрылых, клещами, улитками, жуками, дождевыми червями, термитами и пауками.

Самка откладывает 2—4 яйца. Длина детёнышей от головы до клоаки составляет 1,4—1,5 см.

Вид распространён в США: в Западной Вирджинии, Кентукки, юго-западной части Вирджинии, северо-западной части Северной Каролины и северо-восточном Теннесси.

Plethodon richmondi on rock.jpg
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