In Palestine, T. nudiventris has been found in the pellets of barn owls, Tyto alba.
Known Predators:
Taphozous nudiventris is large compared to other species of Taphozous. It is similar to Taphozous perforatus but the length of the forearm is larger in T. nudiventris, ranging from 64 mm to 83 mm. This species is divided into two subspecies, T. n. nudiventris, which includes all specimens from the Levant and southern Arabia, and T. n. magnus, which includes specimens from Iraq, Bahrain, and Das Island. Taphozous nudiventris magnus is larger than T. n. nudiventris). Sexual dimorphism is apparent, with males larger than females in all characters except total length and forearm length. Males have a gland on the upper part of their chest, which is absent in females. The pelage is short and fine. It is brown or grayish on the dorsal surface and light grey on the ventral surface. The lower back and abdomen are naked of hair, giving them their common name: "naked rumped tomb bat."
The skull is large and robust with well developed sagittal and lamdoidal crests. It is similar in size to T. saccolaimus and T. theobaldi. The skull of T. nudiventris can be distinguished from T. saccolaimus by the tympanic bullae, which are completely ossified in the former, but not in the latter. Compared to T. theobaldi, T. nudiventris has broad zygomatic arches and less developed basisphenoid pits.
Range length: 101 to 146 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger
Not much is known about longevity in T. nudiventris
Naked-rumped tomb bats are found in arid habitats, including dry grasslands, deserts, and scrub forests.
Naked-rumped tomb bats roost in crevices in well-lit caves, old abandoned buildings, and sandstone hills. Sometimes they occupy the nests of swifts and are found in association with Rousettus leschenaultii and Hipposideros speoris. The roosts of T. nudiventris often contain only a few individuals, however, some roosts have been found with hundreds of individuals.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural ; caves
Taphozous nudiventris is widely distributed, occurring through much of northern and central Africa, the Middle East, India, and other sub-Himalayan areas, and into the Malay Peninsula. Countries in which naked-rumped tomb bats are known to occur include: Algeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, India, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Mauritania, Morocco, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of Togo, and Turkey.
Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native ); ethiopian (Native )
Naked rumped tomb bats are insectivorous. Moth scales were found in large quantities in stomach contents, being especially common in the Gharbiya province when cotton leaf worms, Spodoptera littoralis, are abundant. In addition, they feed on beetles, cockroaches, house crickets, wasps, grasshoppers, and winged ants.
Animal Foods: insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Taphozous nudiventris is host to many different parasites including Trypanosoma longiflagellum, Lecithodendrium duboisi, Prosthodendrium parvouterus, Plagiorchis koreanus and Pycnoporus heteroporus. It is also considered a predator to many insects, which helps keep insect populations in check.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
The guano of these bats is used as fertilizer by people in some regions. These bats also feed on insects that cause extensive crop damage.
Positive Impacts: produces fertilizer; controls pest population
There are no reported negative economic effects of T. nudiventris on humans.
In some areas populations of T. nudiventris have declined. In 1958 the government of Israel authorized the use of ethylene-dibromide to fumigate caves inhabited by fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus, because they were considered agricultural pests. Many insectivorous bats that shared the same roosts, including T. nudiventris, were harmed as a result of this campaign. This caused the population increase of a noctuid moth, which, in turn, increased crop damage. It has also been noted, in India, that the population size of this species at many of its former roosts has decreased significantly. However, because naked-rumped tomb bats are widespread and fairly common, they are considered "least concern" by the IUCN.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Naked rumped tomb bats communicate through loud metallic squeaking. They use echolocation to aid in hunting and flight. Also, the glandular sacs on their chests may be used for territorial scent marking.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
Naked rumped tomb bats breed seasonally during the autumn. There has been little research on their mating system. In the closely related species, Taphozous melanopogon, the sex ratio in colonies varies throughout the season. There is an equal ratio of males and females during the breeding season but during the non-breeding season there are more males than females, suggesting some differences in roosting preferences of males and females.
In Iraq, insemination in females happens in autumn before naked rumped tomb bats migrate to winter roosts. The fertilization of the egg is delayed until 3 to 7 days after females awake from hibernation at the end of March. A single offspring is born in the last week of May. The offspring remains naked and blind for three weeks and travels on its mother's back during this time period. By the end of August the young are capable of flight.
In India, copulation and fertilization take place at the same time, during the last week of March and the first week of April. The gestation period is about 98 days, and birth occurs in mid-July. Full adult size is reached in about six months. Females are sexually mature at about nine months and males at about twenty months.
Breeding interval: Naked rumped tomb bats breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Mating occurs in August, before hibernation, or in March, after emerging from hibernation.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 98 days.
Average weaning age: 6 weeks.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 9 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 20 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; sperm-storing
For three weeks after the young are born they cling to their mother in flight. Lactation lasts for about six weeks.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
Narrow (all but one record from Nile Valley and El Faiyum).
Native, resident.
El ratpenat de cua de beina de panxa nua (Taphozous nudiventris) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Algèria, Burkina Faso, Txad, República Democràtica del Congo, Djibouti, Egipte, Eritrea, Ghana, Índia, Israel, Jordània, Kenya, Mauritània, Marroc, Birmània, el Níger, Nigèria, Pakistan, Senegal, Somàlia, Sudan, Tanzània, Togo i Turquia.[1]
El seu hàbitat natural és la sabana, els deserts càlids i les coves.
El ratpenat de cua de beina de panxa nua (Taphozous nudiventris) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Algèria, Burkina Faso, Txad, República Democràtica del Congo, Djibouti, Egipte, Eritrea, Ghana, Índia, Israel, Jordània, Kenya, Mauritània, Marroc, Birmània, el Níger, Nigèria, Pakistan, Senegal, Somàlia, Sudan, Tanzània, Togo i Turquia.
El seu hàbitat natural és la sabana, els deserts càlids i les coves.
The naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.[2] Found in northern Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Asia, its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and forests, caves, and arid areas.
The naked-rumped tomb bat is a moderate-sized, sac-winged bat, males typically being slightly larger than females. The head is fairly flat with a long, cone-shaped snout and a shallow depression between the large eyes. The lower lip has a grooved protuberance and the ears are triangular and backward-pointing. There is no nose-leaf and the throat pouches are well-developed in the male but less so in the female. The fur is short and sleek, and covers the whole body apart from the rump, lower belly and hind limbs; there is a sharp division between the furred and naked parts, with about one third of the total surface lacking hair. The dorsal pelage is pale greyish-brown, deep brown or rusty-brown and the ventral pelage is a paler colour than the back. The wing membrane is dark brown and the tail projects freely from the upper surface of the interfemoral membrane.[3]
This bat is widely distributed across northern Africa and western Asia. Its range extends from Morocco and sub-Saharan Africa through Egypt and the Middle East to Pakistan and India. It is found in semi-arid and arid areas as well as tropical forests; wherever there is a combination of open areas in which to hunt and suitable roosting sites in rocky or underground locations. It is often associated with human settlements, but is not tolerant of much disturbance at its roosting sites.[1]
The naked-rumped tomb bat is agile, flying fast and high in open areas, hawking for insects. It is a social species, becoming active about half an hour before the sun sets, and streaming from the daytime roost shortly after sunset. Its diet includes beetles, moths, grasshoppers, crickets, cockroaches and flying ants. It roosts gregariously in crevices between stones, in caves, crags, ruins and old buildings. In Egypt, it roosts in the Karnak Temple Complex, alongside several other species of bat, each in its own location.[3] In Iraq and Pakistan it makes annual migrations, roosting in cool caves and buildings and laying down fat reserves in summer, and relocating to warmer buildings in winter, where it may enter a state of torpor.[3]
For most of the year, males and females roost together, but the males move to roost elsewhere before the young are born. For the first few weeks, the new-born bat clings to its mother while she flies, but later, the young roost beside their mothers, remaining behind while their mothers forage. Even when they start foraging on the wing themselves, the young accompany their parent. The gestation period is nine weeks, but the female may store the sperm during hibernation, with fertilisation and pregnancy occurring in the spring. The bats are preyed on by owls and hawks, the latter sometimes picking them off as they leave their daytime roost.[3]
The naked-rumped tomb bat has a very wide range across northern and Central Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. It is uncommon in western Africa where it usually occurs in small groups, but more plentiful, with large colonies, in eastern Africa. It is also common in southern Asia, but altogether its numbers seem to be declining. It is tolerant of some level of disturbance by humans in its habitat, but some populations may be adversely affected by the use of pesticides. It faces few threats, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".[1]
The naked-rumped tomb bat (Taphozous nudiventris) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. Found in northern Africa, the Middle East, and southeastern Asia, its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and forests, caves, and arid areas.
Taphozous nudiventris es una especie de murciélago de la familia Emballonuridae.
Se encuentra en Argelia, Burkina Faso, Chad, la República Democrática del Congo, Yibuti, Egipto, Eritrea, Ghana, la India, Israel, Jordania, Kenia, Mauritania, Marruecos, Birmania, Nigeria, Nigeria, Pakistán, Senegal, Somalia, Sudán, Tanzania, Togo, Turquía.
Su hábitat natural son: Sabanas áridas, clima tropical o subtropical, praderas subtropicales o tropicales secas de baja altura, cuevas y desiertos calientes.
Taphozous nudiventris es una especie de murciélago de la familia Emballonuridae.
Taphozous nudiventris Taphozous generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago
Taphozous nudiventris Taphozous generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago
Il pipistrello delle tombe dal ventre nudo (Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso in Africa e nel Medio Oriente.[1][2]
Pipistrello di grandi dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 110 e 132 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 67 e 79 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 20 e 37 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 11 e 18 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 16 e 25 mm e un peso fino a 40 g.[3]
La pelliccia è corta e liscia, la groppa e il basso ventre sono interamente privi di peli. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-rossastre scure, bruno-grigiastre o marroni scure, con la base grigio chiara o giallastra, mentre le parti ventrali sono più chiare. La testa è relativamente piatta e triangolare, il muso è conico, privo di peli e con una sacca golare ben sviluppata nei maschi e ridotta ad una piega rudimentale nelle femmine. Sul labbro inferiore è presente un solco longitudinale superficiale. Gli occhi sono relativamente grandi. Le orecchie sono triangolari con la punta smussata, rivolte all'indietro, separate tra loro, con diverse pieghe sulla superficie interna del padiglione auricolare. Il trago è corto, largo e con l'estremità leggermente arrotondata, mentre l'antitrago è lungo, semi-circolare e si estende quasi fino all'angolo posteriore della bocca. Le membrane alari sono lunghe, strette e marroni scure. Una sacca ghiandolare poco sviluppata è presente tra l'avambraccio e il primo metacarpo. La coda è lunga e fuoriesce dall'uropatagio a circa metà della sua lunghezza. Il calcar è lungo. Il cariotipo è 2n=42 FNa=64.
Emette ultrasuoni sotto forma di impulsi a frequenza quasi costante di 21-25 kHz e con la presenza di due rilevanti armoniche.
Si rifugia in colonie fino a 2.000 individui nelle strette fessure rocciose, grotte, colline argillose, pozzi, vecchie rovine, moschee e templi dell'antico Egitto, incluso Karnak. Forma vivai di circa 200-1000 femmine. L'attività predatoria inizia 15 minuti dopo il tramonto. Abile volatore, può coprire distanze notevoli per cacciare. Durante i periodi più freddi alcune popolazioni entrano in ibernazione, altre migrano in zone più temperate ed altre ancora accumulano grasso corporeo.
Si nutre di insetti come coleotteri, falene, cavallette, blatte, grilli e formiche volanti catturati ad oltre 100 metri di quota sopra spazi aperti. Diventa particolarmente abbondante nei periodi in quale le falene invadono i campi di cotone in Palestina durante i mesi di luglio ed agosto.
Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta tra metà aprile e fine maggio. Dopo essersi accoppiati tra settembre ed ottobre, le femmine trattengono lo sperma e ritardano la fertilizzazione durante il periodo invernale.
Questa specie è diffusa in maniera discontinua nell'Africa settentrionale, nel Medio Oriente, nella Penisola arabica e nel Subcontinente indiano. È stato osservato anche nella Birmania centrale.
Vive nelle savane alberate, boscaglie, arbusteti, ambienti semi-desertici, foreste tropicali e sempreverdi umide. Si trova in prossimità di grosse fonti d'acqua.
Sono state riconosciute 5 sottospecie:
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la tolleranza alle modifiche ambientali e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica T.nudiventris come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Il pipistrello delle tombe dal ventre nudo (Taphozous nudiventris Cretzschmar, 1830) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso in Africa e nel Medio Oriente.
De kaalbuikgrafvleermuis (Taphozous nudiventris) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de schedestaartvleermuizen (Emballonuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Cretzschmar in 1830.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Taphozous nudiventris é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Argélia, Burkina Faso, Chade, República Democrática do Congo, Djibouti, Egipto, Eritrea, Gana, Índia, Israel, Jordânia, Quénia, Mauritânia, Marrocos, Myanmar, Níger, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal, Somália, Sudão, Tanzânia, Togo e Turquia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: savanas áridas, matagal árido tropical ou subtropical, campos de gramíneas subtropicais ou tropicais secos de baixa altitude, cavernas e desertos quentes.[1]
Taphozous nudiventris é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Argélia, Burkina Faso, Chade, República Democrática do Congo, Djibouti, Egipto, Eritrea, Gana, Índia, Israel, Jordânia, Quénia, Mauritânia, Marrocos, Myanmar, Níger, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal, Somália, Sudão, Tanzânia, Togo e Turquia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: savanas áridas, matagal árido tropical ou subtropical, campos de gramíneas subtropicais ou tropicais secos de baixa altitude, cavernas e desertos quentes.
Taphozous nudiventris[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar 1830. Taphozous nudiventris ingår i släktet gravfladdermöss och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4] Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 5 underarter.[2]
Arten är med en absolut längd (inklusive svans) av 101 till 146 mm en stor medlem av släktet. Underarmarnas längd är med 64 till 83 mm större än hos den liknande arten Taphozous perforatus. Förutom den körtel som förekommer på flygmembranens ovansida har hanar även en körtel vid strupen. Hanar är dessutom större än honor. Den bakre delen av bålen är naken. Annars har fladdermusen kort päls som är brun till grå på ovansidan och ljusgrå vid buken.[6]
Denna gravfladdermus förekommer med flera från varandra skilda populationer från Marocko över norra och östra Afrika, västra Asien och södra Asien till Burma. I östra Afrika sträcker sig utbredningsområdet till Tanzania. Taphozous nudiventris vistas vanligen i torra regioner men den lever även i fuktiga städsegröna skogar. I torra områden hittas arten oftast nära insjöar, floder eller andra vattenansamlingar.[1]
Taphozous nudiventris vilar under överhängande klippor, i bergssprickor, i grottor, i gravvårdar, i byggnader eller i tunnlar. Där bildar fladdermusen kolonier. Ofta delar arten sin viloplats med andra fladdermöss. Några populationer vandrar till varmare trakter före vintern och andra populationer går i ide. Det förekommer även individer som lagrar fett i kroppen före den kalla årstiden.[1]
Arten jagar skalbaggar, syrsor, gräshoppor, flygande myror, nattfjärilar och andra flygande insekter. Ett favoritbyte är larver av bomullsflyn (Spodoptera littoralis). När fladdermusen jagar flyger den vanligen långa sträckor och den använder ekolokalisering.[6]
Populationer som håller vinterdvala (till exempel i Irak) parar sig under hösten och sedan vilar det befruktade ägget fram till våren. Den egentliga dräktigheten varar från mars till maj och sedan föds en unge. Ungen föds naken och blind. Den håller sig fast i moderns päls när hon letar efter föda. Efter cirka 3 veckor har ungen öppna ögon samt päls och efter 6 veckor slutar honan med digivning. Vid slutet av augusti kan ungen flyga.[6]
Hos populationer som är aktiva hela året (till exempel i Indien) sker parningen i mars eller april. Ungen föds i mitten av juli och den är efter 6 månader lika stor som vuxna individer. Könsmognaden infaller för honor efter 9 månader och för hanar efter 20 månader.[6]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Taphozous nudiventris.
Wikispecies har information om Taphozous nudiventris.
Taphozous nudiventris är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar 1830. Taphozous nudiventris ingår i släktet gravfladdermöss och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life. Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan 5 underarter.
Taphozous nudiventris — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.
Країни поширення: Афганістан, Алжир, Буркіна-Фасо, Чад, Демократична Республіка Конго, Джибуті, Єгипет, Еритрея, Гана, Індія, Іран, Ірак, Ізраїль, Йорданія, Кенія, Мавританія, Марокко, М'янма, Нігер, Нігерія, Пакистан, Палестина, Саудівська Аравія, Сенегал, Сомалі, Судан, Сирія, Танзанія, Того, Туреччина, Об'єднані Арабські Емірати, Ємен. Цей вид живе в посушливих і напівпосушливих регіонах, тропічних лісах і вологих вічнозелених лісах. Часто пов'язаний з великими водоймами. Живиться жуками, цвіркунами, кониками, тарганами, молями і крилатими термітами. Це товариська тварина, спочиває в тріщинах скель, печерах, гробницях, храмах, сараях, будинках і підземних тунелях. Хоча часто пов'язаний з людьми, терпимий тільки до певної кількості порушень. Часто пов'язаний з іншими видами. Деякі популяції зимують, деякі мігрують і деякі накопичують жир.
Немає серйозних загроз для даного виду в цілому. Зустрічається в багатьох охоронних територіях.
Taphozous nudiventris — є одним з видів мішкокрилих кажанів родини Emballonuridae.
Taphozous nudiventris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Cretzschmar mô tả năm 1830.[1]
Taphozous nudiventris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Cretzschmar mô tả năm 1830.
벌거숭이궁둥이무덤박쥐(Taphozous nudiventris)는 대꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다.[2] 알제리와 부르키나 파소, 차드, 콩고민주공화국, 지부티, 이집트, 에리트레아, 가나, 인도, 이스라엘, 요르단, 케냐, 모리타니, 모로코, 미얀마, 니제르, 나이지리아, 파키스탄, 세네갈, 소말리아, 수단, 탄자니아, 토고 그리고 터키에서 발견된다. 자연 서식지는 건조 사바나 지역과 아열대 또는 열대 기후 지역의 건조 관목 지대와 건조 저지대 초원, 동굴과 뜨거운 사막 지대이다.
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