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Ratpenat nasofoliat de Sri Lanka ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El ratpenat nasofoliat de Sri Lanka (Hipposideros lankadiva amb sinònim de Ratpenat nasofoliat de l'Índia i nom científic Hipposideros schistaceus) és una espècie de ratpenat que es troba a Bangladesh, Índia i Sri Lanka.

És amenaçat d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

Referències

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Ratpenat nasofoliat de Sri Lanka: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El ratpenat nasofoliat de Sri Lanka (Hipposideros lankadiva amb sinònim de Ratpenat nasofoliat de l'Índia i nom científic Hipposideros schistaceus) és una espècie de ratpenat que es troba a Bangladesh, Índia i Sri Lanka.

És amenaçat d'extinció per la pèrdua del seu hàbitat natural.

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Indian roundleaf bat ( Anglèis )

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The Indian roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), also known as the large Ceylon leaf-nosed bat or Kelaart's leaf‐nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, with marginal populations also detected in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and caves. The bat has three subspecies that occur in India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. The Indian subspecies, H. l. indus, is smaller than the ones found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar, although there are no other characteristics that differentiate the subspecies.[2]

H. lankadiva is a large leaf-nosed bat and is yellowish-brown in color. A key trait of the bats is the reduced fourth supplementary leaflet on the noseleaf, along with a lack of a fleshy elevation behind the posterior nose-leaf and the absence of white patches on the shoulders, which helps differentiate from similar species such as H. armiger and H. diadema.

The bat has been assessed by the IUCN as least concern, although the species is threatened in parts of its range by roost disturbance and collection for consumption and medicinal use.[1]

Taxonomy

The species was described by Kandy in the central hills of Sri Lanka. Anderson considered the species to be restricted to Sri Lanka, but then also recorded it from Bhamo in Myanmar on the basis on two immature specimens. Anderson then described 5 taxa from India: H. indus indus from Gersoppa , which he distinguished from H. lankadiva on the basis of size; two new subspecies, H. i. mixtus from Kolar and H. i. unitus from Mundra; and one additional species, H. schistaceus from Vijayanagar. Kemp reported specimens of H. lankadiva from the Siju Cave in the Garo Hills in India. Tate included lankadiva, unitus, indus, mixtus, and schistaceus in a ‘mainland offshoot of the diadema group' in 1941, but did not specify their taxonomic status. Hill treated indus as a distinguishable subspecies of H. lankadiva and mixtus as a synonym. He included unitus as a subspecies of H. lankadiva without comment. H. schistaceus was maintained as a separate species. This arrangement was followed by Corbet and Hill who considered the distribution of H. lankadiva as being confined to central and southern peninsular India and Sri Lanka.

Upon the collection of specimens in West Bengal, Agrawal suggested a review of the status of subspecies of the bat was necessary. Bates and Harrison included all specimens of H. lankavida from Sri Lanka in the nominate subspecies H. l. lankadiva. This material averaged significantly larger than those seen from throughout peninsular India. All Indian material was referred to H. lankadiva indus, with schistaceus, mixtus and unitus also included as synonyms.[3]

The taxon Hipposideros schistaceus was previously considered to be a distinct species, but is now considered a synonym of H. lankadiva.

The bat belongs to the diadema species group within the genus Hipposideros. There are 3 subspecies of the bat:

  • Hipposideros lankadiva lankadiva (Kelaart, 1850)
  • Hipposideros lankadiva indus (Andersen, 1918)
  • Hipposideros lankadiva gyi (Bates et al. 2015)[1]

Description

The Indian roundleaf bat is large species of leaf-nosed bat. The pelage ranges from pale cream to brown and is darker on the head and shoulders, being relatively paler on the belly. They have an average forearm length of 83.5 mm (3.29 in), with a range of 75–99 mm (3.0–3.9 in). The average weight is 59 g (2.1 oz).

The bat has four supplementary leaflets on its nose-leaf, with the fourth leaflet being reduced. The intermediate leaf is expanded, with an inflated and swollen central part, and an evenly concave surface. The posterior leaf is brown and its upper border is trilobate. The ears of the species are large and acutely pointed, and had their posterior margins slightly concave behind the tip.[4]

The bats found in Myanmar are considerably larger than those found in India, and are comparable in size to those found in Sri Lanka.[3]

Biology

This bat does not hibernate.[5]

Reproduction

The bats mate once a year. They have a gestation period of 260 days, after which a single young is born.[1]

Diet

The Indian roundleaf bat is an insectivore. Its diet is composed mainly of coleoepterans, especially scarabaeids, and other large, hard-bodied, and slow-flying insects, like nuptial ants and bugs. The high proportion (79–100%) of beetles in the feces of these bats in Sri Lanka suggest that they forage for food selectively.[1][6]

Echolocation

The Indian roundleaf bat echolocates at a very low frequency, with the calls having a mean frequency of 78.33 kHz, with a range of 62.96–82.96 kHz. The species' calls have a comparatively short CF component and a longer tampering FM component, suggesting that the bat uses these to hunt insects in narrow spaces. This can also be explained considering that the bats roost in deep recesses with narrow openings.[7]

The cochlea of this bat is at an intermediate state between that of non-specialized bats and long-constant-frequency bats.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The Indian roundleaf bat is found patchily but widely across the Indian subcontinent, with some records also being found in Myanmar in Southeast Asia. In India, it is found in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Rajasthan, Telangana, Tripura, and West Bengal. In Sri Lanka, it is found in the Central, Eastern, North Central, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva and Western provinces. It has been recorded in Netrokona in Bangladesh. The bat has also been recorded in Kachin state in Myanmar.[3]

The bat has a wide but patchy distribution through a variety of habitats. Despite its wide distribution, the bat is known only from a few locations in India and Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, the bat is known from the southern dry zone, lower foothills and wet zone hills. It is found up to an elevation of 1,000 meters above sea level.

It is a gregarious species roosting in groups of 50 to several thousand individuals. It roosts in caves, old disused tunnels, old temples, old forts, dark deep channels under dam sites and cellars under old buildings.[1][9]

Conservation

The Indian roundleaf bat has been assessed as being of least concern by the IUCN because of its wide distribution, its tolerance of a number of different habitats, its large population, and lack of significant population decline. Threats to the bat include roost disturbance, as the bat seems to be extra-sensitive to disturbance of roosts, and the collection of the bats for medicinal and biological use.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros lankadiva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10142A22092089. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10142A22092089.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. ^ "ITIS Standard Report Page: Hipposideros lankadiva". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
  3. ^ a b c BATES, P.; TUN, O.; AUNG, M. M.; LU, A.; LUM, M. R.; SEIN, M. M. (2015). "A review of Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850 (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with a description of a new subspecies from Myanmar" (PDF). Tropical Natural History. 15 (2): 191–204.
  4. ^ Sivaperuman, Chandrakasan; Venkataraman, Krishnamoorthy (2018-02-01). Indian Hotspots: Vertebrate Faunal Diversity, Conservation and Management. Springer. ISBN 978-981-10-6605-4.
  5. ^ Seraphim, Emma R. (2015). "Ultrastructure of Thyroid Gland in Hipposiderid Bat Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart)". Proceedings of the Zoological Society. 68 (2): 172–177. doi:10.1007/s12595-014-0115-6. ISSN 0373-5893. S2CID 15283233.
  6. ^ Eckrich, M.; Neuweiler, G. (1988). "Food habits of the sympatric insectivorous bats Rhinolophus rouxi and Hipposideros lankadiva from Sri Lanka". Journal of Zoology. 215 (4): 729–737. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb02407.x. ISSN 1469-7998.
  7. ^ Srinivasulu, Bhargavi; Srinivasulu, Chelmala; Kaur, Harpreet (2016). "Echolocation calls of the two endemic leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Yinpterochiroptera: Hipposideridae) of India: Hipposideros hypophyllus Kock & Bhat, 1994 and Hipposideros durgadasi Khajuria, 1970" (PDF). Journal of Threatened Taxa. 8 (14): 9667. doi:10.11609/jott.2783.8.14.9667-9672.
  8. ^ Foeller, Elisabeth; Kössl, Manfred (2000). "Mechanical adaptations for echolocation in the cochlea of the bat Hipposideros lankadiva". Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. 186 (9): 859–870. doi:10.1007/s003590000139. PMID 11085639. S2CID 28628763.
  9. ^ Saha, Anik; Feeroz, Mohammed; Hasan, Md (2015-12-01). "Indian Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros lankadiva: First Record for Bangladesh". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 112 (3): 165. doi:10.17087/jbnhs/2015/v112i3/114422.
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Indian roundleaf bat: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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The Indian roundleaf bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), also known as the large Ceylon leaf-nosed bat or Kelaart's leaf‐nosed bat is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, with marginal populations also detected in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and caves. The bat has three subspecies that occur in India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. The Indian subspecies, H. l. indus, is smaller than the ones found in Sri Lanka and Myanmar, although there are no other characteristics that differentiate the subspecies.

H. lankadiva is a large leaf-nosed bat and is yellowish-brown in color. A key trait of the bats is the reduced fourth supplementary leaflet on the noseleaf, along with a lack of a fleshy elevation behind the posterior nose-leaf and the absence of white patches on the shoulders, which helps differentiate from similar species such as H. armiger and H. diadema.

The bat has been assessed by the IUCN as least concern, although the species is threatened in parts of its range by roost disturbance and collection for consumption and medicinal use.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( Basch )

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Hipposideros lankadiva Hipposideros generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Hipposideridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Kelaart (1850) 2 2 J. Sri Lanka Branch Asiat. Soc. 216. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Hipposideros lankadiva Hipposideros generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Hipposideridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( Italian )

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Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart, 1850) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Ipposideridi diffuso nel Subcontinente indiano.[1][2]

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Pipistrello di grandi dimensioni, con la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 55 e 57 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 34,6 e 39 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 12 e 20 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 19,5 e 30 mm.[3]

Aspetto

La pelliccia è soffice. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-rossastre con la base dei peli grigiastra, mentre le parti ventrali. la testa ed il collo sono marroni chiare. Le orecchie sono grandi, triangolari e con una concavità sul bordo posteriore appena sotto l'estremità appuntita. La foglia nasale presenta una porzione anteriore priva di incavi centrali e con quattro fogliette supplementari su ogni lato, un setto nasale non rigonfio ma con delle alette intorno alle narici ben sviluppate, una porzione intermedia estesa e con la parte centrale rigonfia, una porzione posteriore larga, con il margine superiore semi-circolare e con tre setti longitudinali che la dividono in tre piccole celle. La coda è lunga e si estende leggermente oltre l'ampio uropatagio. Il primo premolare superiore è piccolo e situato fuori la linea alveolare.

Ecolocazione

Emette ultrasuoni sotto forma di impulsi multi-armonici a frequenza costante di 68,8-70,7 kHz.

Biologia

Comportamento

Si rifugia in gruppi da 50 a diverse migliaia di individui all'interno di grotte, miniere abbandonate, vecchi templi e cantine in disuso. L'attività predatoria inizia presto la sera ed il suo volo è alto.

Alimentazione

Si nutre di grossi insetti come i coleotteri.

Riproduzione

Danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta l'anno dopo una gestazione di 260 giorni.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è diffusa in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka e Myanmar settentrionale.

Vive sia in ambienti aridi che umidi.

Tassonomia

Sono state riconosciute 3 sottospecie:

Individui ancora non assegnati ad alcuna sottospecie sono presenti nel West Bengal meridionale e Bangladesh sud-occidentale.

Stato di conservazione

La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la tolleranza a diversi tipi di habitat e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica H.lankadiva come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c (EN) Molur, S., Yapa, W. & Srinivasulu, C. 2008, Hipposideros lankadiva, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Hipposideros lankadiva, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ Srinivasulu & Al., 2010.

Bibliografia

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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Hipposideros lankadiva (Kelaart, 1850) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Ipposideridi diffuso nel Subcontinente indiano.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( olandèis; flamand )

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Hipposideros lankadiva is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Kelaart in 1850.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Bangladesh, India en Sri Lanka.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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Hipposideros lankadiva is een zoogdier uit de familie van de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Kelaart in 1850.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( svedèis )

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Hipposideros lankadiva[2][3] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Edward Frederick Kelaart 1850. Hipposideros lankadiva ingår i släktet Hipposideros och familjen rundbladnäsor.[4][5] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[4]

Arten har gulbrun päls som är mörkast på huvudet och på axlarna. På näsan förekommer tre större och en mindre hudveck. Hipposideros lankadiva saknar de vita fläckarna på axlarna som ofta förekommer hos Hipposideros diadema. Andra släktmedlemmar har oftast köttiga knölar ovanför det först hudvecket på näsan, men hos Hipposideros lankadiva förekommer inga knölar. Exemplar som hittades i Bangladesh hade i genomsnitt en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 98 mm, en svanslängd av 51 mm, 27 mm långa öron, 87,6 mm långa underarmar och 19 mm långa bakfötter.[6]

Denna fladdermus förekommer med flera från varandra skilda populationer i Indien, Bangladesh och Sri Lanka. Den lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1000 meter över havet. Hipposideros lankadiva föredrar mera torra landskap men på Sri Lanka hittas den även i fuktiga skogar.[1]

Hos populationer i södra Indien har de minsta individer bara 75 mm långa underarmar, en 40 mm lång svans och 19,5 mm långa öron. Enligt studien som registrerade dessa storleksuppgifter delas hela beståndet i tre eller fyra underarter, en på Sri Lanka (typen), en i södra och centrala Indien, en omstridd underart i gränsområdet Indien/Bangladesh samt den fjärde i centrala Bangladesh, nordöstra Indien och Burma.[7]

Individerna vilar i grottor, i tunnlar eller i byggnader. De bildar där medelstora till stora kolonier med omkring 50 eller några tusen medlemmar. Ofta förekommer blandade kolonier med andra fladdermöss. Hipposideros lankadiva lämnar gömstället tidig på kvällen och jagar skalbaggar eller andra stora insekter. Honor har en kull per år, är cirka 260 dagar dräktig och föder en unge per kull.[1]

Hipposideros lankadiva jagar liksom andra släktmedlemmar med hjälp av ekolokalisering.[7]

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Hipposideros lankadiva Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Hipposideros lankadiva
  3. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  4. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/hipposideros+lankadiva/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  5. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  6. ^ Saha et al. (2015). ”Indian Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros lankadiva First Record for Bangladesh”. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319191266_Indian_Roundleaf_Bat_Hipposideros_lankadiva_First_Record_for_Bangladesh. Läst 8 oktober 2017.
  7. ^ [a b] Bates et al. (2015). ”A Review of Hipposideros lankadiva Kelaart, 1850”. Tropical Natural History. https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tnh/article/view/103082/82626. Läst 8 oktober 2017.

Externa länkar

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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Hipposideros lankadiva är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Edward Frederick Kelaart 1850. Hipposideros lankadiva ingår i släktet Hipposideros och familjen rundbladnäsor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Arten har gulbrun päls som är mörkast på huvudet och på axlarna. På näsan förekommer tre större och en mindre hudveck. Hipposideros lankadiva saknar de vita fläckarna på axlarna som ofta förekommer hos Hipposideros diadema. Andra släktmedlemmar har oftast köttiga knölar ovanför det först hudvecket på näsan, men hos Hipposideros lankadiva förekommer inga knölar. Exemplar som hittades i Bangladesh hade i genomsnitt en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 98 mm, en svanslängd av 51 mm, 27 mm långa öron, 87,6 mm långa underarmar och 19 mm långa bakfötter.

Denna fladdermus förekommer med flera från varandra skilda populationer i Indien, Bangladesh och Sri Lanka. Den lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1000 meter över havet. Hipposideros lankadiva föredrar mera torra landskap men på Sri Lanka hittas den även i fuktiga skogar.

Hos populationer i södra Indien har de minsta individer bara 75 mm långa underarmar, en 40 mm lång svans och 19,5 mm långa öron. Enligt studien som registrerade dessa storleksuppgifter delas hela beståndet i tre eller fyra underarter, en på Sri Lanka (typen), en i södra och centrala Indien, en omstridd underart i gränsområdet Indien/Bangladesh samt den fjärde i centrala Bangladesh, nordöstra Indien och Burma.

Individerna vilar i grottor, i tunnlar eller i byggnader. De bildar där medelstora till stora kolonier med omkring 50 eller några tusen medlemmar. Ofta förekommer blandade kolonier med andra fladdermöss. Hipposideros lankadiva lämnar gömstället tidig på kvällen och jagar skalbaggar eller andra stora insekter. Honor har en kull per år, är cirka 260 dagar dräktig och föder en unge per kull.

Hipposideros lankadiva jagar liksom andra släktmedlemmar med hjälp av ekolokalisering.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( ucrain )

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Hipposideros lankadiva — є одним з видів кажанів родини Hipposideridae.

Поширення

Країни поширення: Бангладеш, Індія (штат Андхра-Прадеш, Карнатака, Мадхья-Прадеш, Махараштра, Мегхалая, Орісса, Раджастхан, Західна Бенгалія), Шрі-Ланка. Записаний від рівня моря до висоти близько 1000 м над рівнем моря. Це колоніальний вид, що лаштує сідала від невеликих (50 осіб) до дуже великих (декілька тисяч чоловік) колоній в печерах, старих закинутих тунелях, старовинних храмах і підвалах в старих будівлях. Цей вид був виявлений в асоціації з іншими кажанами. Вилітає рано і високо літає, полюючи на великих жуків (жорсткокрилі) та інших великих і жорстких комах. Цей вид розмножується один раз на рік і народжується одне дитинча після періоду вагітності, що дорівнює 260 дням.

Загрози та охорона

Цей вид знаходиться під загрозою через втрати середовища проживання, в основному за рахунок комерційних рубок та перетворення земель для сільськогосподарського використання, для плантацій і для людських поселень. Вид був записаний в охоронних територіях.

Посилання


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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( ucrain )

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Hipposideros lankadiva — є одним з видів кажанів родини Hipposideridae.

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Hipposideros lankadiva ( vietnamèis )

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Hipposideros lankadiva là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi nếp mũi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Kelaart mô tả năm 1850.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Hipposideros lankadiva”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Hipposideros lankadiva: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Hipposideros lankadiva là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi nếp mũi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Kelaart mô tả năm 1850.

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인도둥근잎박쥐 ( Corean )

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인도둥근잎박쥐 또는 켈라트잎코박쥐(Hipposideros lankadiva)는 잎코박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다.[2] 방글라데시인도, 스리랑카에서 발견된다. 자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대 건조림과 동굴이다. 서식지 감소로 위협을 받고 있다. Hipposideros schistaceus은 이명이다.[3] 스리랑카에서 가장 큰 식충성 박쥐이다.[1]

특징

머리부터 몸까지 몸길이는 15cm이다. 날개 폭은 49~54cm, 몸무게는 53~80g이다. 등쪽은 진한 갈색 또는 회색빛 갈색을 균일하게 띤다. 나이가 들면서 연한 색을 띠거나 좀더 불그스레한 갈색이 된다. 하체는 더 희미한 색을 띠기도 한다. 털 바탕은 희끄무레하다. 비막은 거무스레한 갈색이고, 쉬는 동안에만 펼친 자세를 유지한다.

사진

각주

  1. Molur, S., Yapa, W. and Srinivasulu, C. 2008. Hipposideros lankadiva. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. Downloaded on October 17, 2010.
  2. Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
  3. Molur et al., 2010; Simmons, 2005, p. 373
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