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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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North America - Southwest area of Utah. There are three main concentration of colonies: Awapa Plateau, East Fork and the main stem of the Sevier River and eastern Iron County. Cynomys parvidens is the westernmost member of the genus Cynomys .

(US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Trophic Strategy ( Anglèis )

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Utah prairie dogs are mostly herbivorous. They prefer flowers and seeds over grass, however grass is available more often than seasonal flowers and seeds. Young leaves are preferred over old leaves and stems are rarely eaten. Young Utah prairie dogs prefer dead vegetation and cattle feces. Cynomys parvidens eat insects (cicadas) when available. (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Benefits ( Anglèis )

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Utah prairie dogs can cause serious crop and equipment damage in agricultural areas. (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Conservation Status ( Anglèis )

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Cynomys parivdens was previously listed as endangered. The Utah prairie dog had become endangered due to several factors. These include diseases, poisoning, droughts, and habitat alterations for cultivation and grazing. Plague outbreaks occur when a colony is overpopulated and there is increased stress on the individuals. From 1972 to 1989 a transplant program was initiated to move Cynomys parvidens from private agricultural areas to pubilic land sites. This program proved successful and the species was reclassified to threatened in May, 1984. (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Behavior ( Anglèis )

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Sensa tìtol ( Anglèis )

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Utah prairie dogs shed twice a year. (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Certain soil and vegetation characteristics must be met in order for Utah prairie dogs to establish a colony in a particular prairie. The area must be well-drained and have soil deep enough for protection against predators and for insulation during the winter. Cynomys parvidens must be able to dig one meter deep without getting wet. The vegetation must be low enough to allow the prairie dogs to scan the environment for predators. The range of Cynomys parividens is restricted by climate, physical, and biological barriers. The western region has higher temperatures and a drier climate and the tall grass restricts viewing of the surroundings. Mountains and deserts to the east, west and south may be impassible. Competiton with Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus) probably limits expansion as well. (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Morphology ( Anglèis )

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Utah prairie dogs are the smallest of all prairie dogs. The back is cinnamon in color and the tail is almost all white. The belly is also cinnamon but brighter than the back. The upper lip and chin are white and there are dark brown spots above and below the eyes. Females have five pairs of mammae. The first upper premolar is more strongly developed than in other Cynomys species and almost equal in size to the second premolar. Total length of the body is 305 to 360 mm. The tail length is 30 to 60 mm and the hind foot is 55 to 66 mm long. The ears are 12 to 16 mm long. (Parker 1990, US Fish and Wildlife Service 1991).

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Reproduction ( Anglèis )

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The gestation period lasts about 30 days and young are born in April. There are between 3 and 4 young per litter. Adult size is reached in October and adults become sexually mature when one year old. (US FIsh and Wildlife Service 1991).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

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Lie, N. 1999. "Cynomys parvidens" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cynomys_parvidens.html
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Natasha Lie, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

Great Basin Shrub Steppe Habitat ( Anglèis )

fornì da EOL authors

The Great Basin shrub steppe is one of the ecoregions inhabited by the Utah prairie dog. The Great Basin shrub steppe ecoregion is situated in the most northerly of the four American deserts. Unlike the other three, which have almost exclusive ties to warm-temperate and tropical/subtropical vegetation types, the Great Basin has affinities with cold-temperate vegetation.

Dominant plant species in the region include such distinctly cold-temperate species as sagebrushes (Artemisia), saltbrushes (Atriplex), and Winter-fat (Ceratoides lanata). These scrub species are much-branched, non-sprouting, aromatic semi-shrubs with soft wood and evergreen leaves. The Great Basin also contains species with evolutionary ties to warmer climates, such as rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus), blackbrush (Coleogyne), hopsage (grayia) and horsebrush (Tetradymia). The region, however, contains few cacti species, either in numbers of individuals or species, and also lacks most characteristic desert plants in minor drainages.

Some other notable mammals found in the Great Basin ecoregion are: Belding's ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi); Yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris); Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis); Bushy-tailed woodrat (Neotoma cinerea); Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis); Canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus); Cliff chipmunk (Tamias dorsalis); Coyote (Canis latrans); Desert cottontail (Crotaphytus insularis); North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum).

Anuran taxa found in the Great Basin scrub steppe are eight in number: the Black toad (Anaxyrus exsul VU); Great Basin spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana); Northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens); Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla); Northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora); Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris); Southwestern toad (Anaxyrus microscaphus); and Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii). The Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinis) is the sole salamander found in this ecoregion.

The Great Basin holds numerous reptilian taxa: Bluntnose leopard lizard (Gambelia sila EN); Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula); Sierra gartersnake (Thamnophis couchii); Black-collared lizard (Crotaphytus insularis); Desert horned lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos); Desert spiny lizard (Sceloporus magister); Western gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer); Ground snake (Sonora semiannulata); Long-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia wislizenii); Long-nosed snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei); Milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum); Panamint alligator lizard (Elgaria panamintina), a California endemic found only in the following desert mountains: Panamint, Inyo, Nelson, White, Cosos and Argus; Yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor); Ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus); Sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus); Pygmy short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii); Side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana); Striped whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus); Western banded gecko (Coleonyx variegatus); Western patch-nosed snake (Salvadora hexalepis); Western pond turtle (Emys marmorata); Western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans); Tiger whiptail (Cnemidophorus tigris); Zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides); Rubber boa (Charina bottae); and Night snake (Hypsiglena torquata).

A large number of bird species occur within the Great Basin, either as resident or migratory taxa. Example avian species found here are: Lewis's woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis); Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitans); Pinyon jay (Phainopepla nitans VU), a specialist found in pinyon-juniper woodlands; Greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus NT); Sandhill crane (Grus canadensis).

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C. Michael Hogan and World Wildlife Fund
sitassion bibliogràfica
C.Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2015. Great Basin shrub steppe. Encyclopedia of Earth, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC. Ed. M. McGinley
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C. Michael Hogan (cmichaelhogan)
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Gosset de les praderies de Utah ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El gosset de les praderies de Utah (Cynomys parvidens) és una espècie de rosegador esciüromorf de la família Sciuridae nadiua del centre dels Estats Units, específicament de Utah. És el més petit dels gossets de la prada.

Història natural

Com tots els gossets de les praderies, el gosset de la prada de Utah s'alimenta de tota vegetació que trobi, això inclou pastura, flors i llavors. Aquests rosegadors construeixen túnels sota terra, fent espècies de "pobles". Altres espècies fan ús dels seus caus, això inclou mussols, serps i altres rosegadors.

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Gosset de les praderies de Utah Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Gosset de les praderies de Utah: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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El gosset de les praderies de Utah (Cynomys parvidens) és una espècie de rosegador esciüromorf de la família Sciuridae nadiua del centre dels Estats Units, específicament de Utah. És el més petit dels gossets de la prada.

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Utah-Präriehund ( Alman )

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Der Utah-Präriehund (Cynomys parvidens) ist ein Erdhörnchen aus der Gattung der Präriehunde (Cynomys), deren kleinste Art er ist. Die Tiere leben ausschließlich im Südwesten des Bundesstaats Utah in den Vereinigten Staaten.

Merkmale

Ausgewachsene Utah-Präriehunde erreichen eine Gesamtgröße von 30 bis 36 Zentimeter, der Schwanz ist 2,5 bis 6 Zentimeter, die Hinterfüße sind 5,5 bis 6,5 Zentimeter und die Ohren 1,2 bis 1,6 Zentimeter lang. Das Fell des Utah-Präriehunds ist zimt- bis lehmfarben gefärbt, mit verschiedenen dunkelbraunen Markierungen ober- und unterhalb der Augen. Der Schwanz ist wie bei den Weißschwanz- und Gunnison-Präriehunden mit weißer Spitze. Ein Haarwechsel findet zweimal jährlich statt.

Der Utah-Präriehund ist am nächsten mit dem Weißschwanz-Präriehund verwandt. Es wird vermutet, dass diese einst eine Art bildeten und durch geographische Barrieren getrennt wurden. Die genetische Variation ist bei den Utah-Präriehunden nur halb so groß wie bei den Schwarzschwanz-Präriehunden, was vermutlich von einem genetischen Flaschenhals herrührt.[1]

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Utah-Präriehundes 1920 (ocker) 1970 (gelb) und 1991 (rot)

Utah-Präriehunde leben endemisch in der Steppe des westlichen US-Bundesstaats Utah. Die im südwestlichen Viertel Utahs lebenden Präriehunde sind damit die am westlichsten lebende Art ihrer Gattung.

Dort leben sie momentan in drei großen Gebieten: im Awapa Plateau, im Paunsaugunt-Plateau und der Umgebung des Sevier River und in den östlichen Iron und Beaver Counties. Durch klimatische Veränderungen werden weiter westlichere Gebiete nicht mehr bewohnt, da diese durch höhere Temperaturen zu trocken wurden. Geologische Grenzen wie Wüsten und Berge verhindern eine Verbreitung in östliche, westliche und südliche Richtung. Im nördlichen Teil und in der Mitte Utahs bilden um Lebensraum konkurrierende Uinta-Ziesel eine biologische Grenze. Die Lebensräume der verschiedenen Arten der Präriehunde überlappen einander nicht; der des Utah-Präriehundes ist am kleinsten.[1] Bei optimalen Bedingungen kann es eine Bevölkerungsdichte von bis zu 74 Präriehunden pro Hektar geben.[2]

Populationsentwicklung

Vor der Besiedlung des Westens durch europäische Einwanderer bevölkerten die Präriehunde weit ausgedehnte Gebiete, vornehmlich innerhalb der Great Plains. In dieser Zeit gab es zwischen den Präriehunden und Bisons eine Protokooperation. Die ständig weiterziehenden Bisons hinterließen selten überweidete Wiesen und ließen somit zwar große, aber stabile Präriehundpopulationen zu. Mit der Ausrottung des Bisons und extensiver Viehwirtschaft entstanden durch Überweidung große Lebensräume mit kurzem Gras, die eine Zunahme auf über 400.000 Utah-Präriehunde zuließen.

Viehzüchter begannen um 1880 mit Unterstützung der Bundesregierung, Präriehunde mit Pestiziden zu bekämpfen. Am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts wurden Programme zur Kontrolle der Populationszahlen gestartet. In den 1920er Jahren wurde die Utah-Präriehunde-Population auf 95.000 Individuen geschätzt. Bis zu den 1960er Jahren reduzierte sich die Population zum Großteil durch Krankheit, Dürre, Vergiftungen und andere anthropogene Eingriffe dramatisch. Besonders in den Jahren 1933, 1950 und 1960 wurden Präriehunde intensiv mit Gift bekämpft. Collier und Spillett kamen 1972 in ihren Studien auf nur noch 3.300 Utah-Präriehunde, die in 37 verschiedenen Kolonien lebten, und sie prognostizierten ein Aussterben des Utah-Präriehundes bis zum Jahr 2000.

Seit 1975 wird jährlich im Frühling eine Zählung der den Winter überlebenden Tiere durchgeführt. Die Populationen zeigen von 1975 bis 1989 einen Aufwärtstrend von 2.975 Tieren 1975 bis 7.377 Tieren 1989 und bleiben seitdem einigermaßen konstant. 2005 wurden 5.381 in 63 Kolonien gezählt. Es wird geschätzt, dass nur 40 % bis 60 % der Population in diese Zählung einfließen, da während dieser meistens die Hälfte der Tiere im Bau ist. In den Sommermonaten verdreifachen sich die Populationen und fallen im Herbst und Winter wegen der hohen Sterblichkeit wieder zurück.[1] Aufgrund der erfolgreichen Schutzmaßnahmen wird der Utah-Präriehund in der Roten Liste der IUCN seit 1996 nur noch als „von Schutzmaßnahmen abhängig“ geführt.[3] Die Utah-Präriehunde stellen aber trotzdem noch die mit Abstand kleinste Population der insgesamt über 2,5 Millionen Präriehundindividuen.

Umsiedlungen

Von 1972 bis 1989 wurden insgesamt um 14.000 Utah-Präriehunde mit anfänglich geringem Erfolg von privaten Grundstücken auf ehemalige Verbreitungsgebiete in öffentlichen Gebieten umgesiedelt, da Landwirten jährlich ein Schaden von geschätzten 1,5 Millionen Dollar (1984) entstand. Lebten 1980 noch über 80 Prozent auf privatem Gelände, waren es 1989 nur noch knapp über 50 Prozent. Die Umsiedlungs- und Populationskontrollprogramme werden von der U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service als Erfolg angesehen, da sich die Population auf öffentlichem Gelände stabilisiert hat und illegale Abschüsse und Verfolgung durch Landbesitzer abgenommen habe.[1]

Lebensweise

 src=
Utah-Präriehund im Bryce Canyon National Park

Ungefähr zwei Drittel der adulten Population ist wegen der höheren Sterblichkeit der männlichen Individuen weiblich. Der Östrus, der Abschnitt, in dem das weibliche Tier begattungsbereit ist, dauert nur wenige Stunden eines einzigen Tages Ende März bis Anfang April. Folglich werden nur zwei Drittel der Weibchen trächtig und werfen nach einer Tragezeit von 34 bis 35 Tagen ein bis sieben Junge (im Schnitt 3,8 bis 4,8). Die männlichen Präriehunde töten bis zu 20 Prozent der Jungtiere, bevor diese sechs Wochen nach ihrer Geburt zum ersten Mal den Untergrund verlassen haben. Die Jungtiere, von denen weniger als 50 Prozent das Erwachsenenalter erreichen, sind um Oktober ausgewachsen und erreichen im Alter von zwölf Monaten Geschlechtsreife. 20 Prozent der weiblichen und 10 Prozent der männlichen Tiere erreichen ein Alter von vier Jahren und werden selten älter als fünf Jahre.

Utah-Präriehunde leben in einer Gemeinschaft von wenigen Tieren, die aus einem erwachsenen Männchen, mehreren Weibchen und ihrem Nachwuchs besteht. Während der weibliche Nachwuchs in der Gemeinschaft bleibt, verlassen die männlichen Jungtiere den Bau nach ihrer Geschlechtsreife. Die Gemeinschaft lebt in einem festen Territorium, dessen Grenzen nur von den jungen Tieren regelmäßig überschritten werden.

Bau

Utah-Präriehunde bevorzugen Bodensenkungen, in denen auch in Dürreperioden feuchte Weideflächen vorhanden sind. Für einen trockenen Bau sollte der Boden mindestens bis zu einer Tiefe von einem Meter nicht feucht sein. Die umgebende Vegetation muss niedrig genug sein, damit die Utah-Präriehunde die Umgebung überblicken können. Der Bau ähnelt denen der Weißschwanz-Präriehunde dadurch, dass die Mounds (Hügel), die aus dem Auswurf des Baues bestehen, nicht ein gestalterisches Bemühen wie bei den Schwarzschwanz-Präriehunden darstellen, sondern zufälligen Charakter haben. Die meisten Mounds haben nur einen Eingang, der normalerweise im 45°-Winkel in den Bau führt. Es können aber – besonders bei den älteren Bauten – bis zu fünf miteinander verbundene Eingänge vorhanden sein. Die größeren Mounds haben einen bis zu drei Meter großen Durchmesser und können eine Höhe von 60 Zentimetern erreichen.[2]

Nahrung

Utah-Präriehunde sind überwiegend Pflanzenfresser und bevorzugen Luzerne und Gräser. Sie wurden auch beim Verzehr der blühenden Teile von Sträuchern beobachtet. Auch abgestorbene Vegetation und Kuhdung werden von den Utah-Präriehunde nicht verschmäht und von den Jungen gegenüber Blättern und Stämmen von Sträuchern sogar bevorzugt. Als tierische Nahrung dienen hauptsächlich Singzikaden.

Feinde

Zu den natürlichen Feinden zählen die Kojoten, Silberdachse, Langschwanzwiesel, verschiedene Greifvögel und Graslandklapperschlangen. Diese Fleischfresser können etablierte Kolonien allerdings nicht gefährden. Eher führen menschliche Einflüsse, Dürren, Krankheit und die Konkurrenz um Lebensraum mit dem Uinta-Ziesel zu abnehmenden Populationen.

Referenzen

  1. a b c d Utah Prairie Dog Recovery Plan (1991) (PDF)
  2. a b Cynomys parvidens (PDF; 275 kB) von Pizzimenti und Collier publiziert in Mammalian Species
  3. IUCN Species Account, 16. Juni 2007
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Utah-Präriehund: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Utah-Präriehund (Cynomys parvidens) ist ein Erdhörnchen aus der Gattung der Präriehunde (Cynomys), deren kleinste Art er ist. Die Tiere leben ausschließlich im Südwesten des Bundesstaats Utah in den Vereinigten Staaten.

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Utahprêrjehûn ( Frisian ossidental )

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De Utahprêrjehûn (Latynske namme: Cynomys parvidens) is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae), de tûke fan 'e grûniikhoarntsjes (Mamotini) en it skaai fan 'e prêrjehûnen (Cynomys). Dizze prêrjehûn komt foar yn it súdwesten fan 'e Feriene Steaten en hat de status fan bedrige bistesoarte.

 src=
It ferspriedingsgebiet fan 'e Utahprêrjehûn yn 1920 (bêzje), 1970 (giel) en 1991 (read).

Fersprieding en biotoop

De Utahprêrjehûn libbet op 'e steppes yn it súdwestlike diel fan 'e súdwestlike Amerikaanske steat Utah.

Uterlike skaaimerken

De Utahprêrjehûn hat trochinoar in totale lichemslingte fan 25-40 sm, mei in gewicht fan 680 g oant 1,4 kg. Dêrmei is it de lytste fan 'e fiif soarten prêrjehûnen. De pels is ticht en op 'e rêch dûnkerbrún, wylst er op 'e bealch ljochtbrún oant bêzje is. De sturt is koart en hat in ljochte punt.

Hâlden en dragen

Utahprêrjehûnen lizze grutskalige koloanjes of "stêden" oan (de Amerikaansk-Ingelske oantsjutting dêrfoar is towns), besteande út ûndergrûnske hoalen dy't mei-inoar yn ferbân steane. Sa'n town wurdt bewenne troch alle leden fan in prêrjehûnefamylje. Dêrnjonken meitsje lykwols ek oare bisten gebrûk fan 'e hoalen, wêrûnder ûlen, slangen en oare kjifdieren. Lykas alle prêrjehûnen binne Utahprêrjehûnen tige warber te itensykjen. Op har menu stiet in wiid ferskaat oan gerzen, blommen en sieden, en soms frette se ek wol ynsekten. De wyfkes bringe 3-6 jongen per smeet te wrâld.

Status

De Utahprêrjehûn hat de IUCN-status fan "bedrige", mei't syn ferspriedingsgebiet frij beheind is, en der yn 1972 noch mar 3.300 eksimplaren fan oer wiene, ferdield oer 37 koloanjes. Sûnt giet it wer wat better mei dizze soarte, mar noch altyd net daverjend. By in ûndersyk út 2004 waarden der 4.022 teld, wylst men de totale populaasje yn 2012-2013 op likernôch 8.000 rûsde. De lêste kear dat de IUCN-status op 'e nij beoardiele waard, wie yn 2008; doe waard besletten om 'e status fan bedrige bistesoarte te hanthavenjen.

Utahprêrjehûnen kinne oansjenlike skea tabringe oan greidlân, mei har gegraaf, en oan lânbougewaaksen, dy't se oanfrette. Dêrmei hawwe se har de grime op 'e hals helle fan 'e boeren fan Utah, dy't der net foar tebekskrilje om, nettsjinsteande de beskerme status, fergif tsjin 'e bisten yn te setten. Dat wurdt beskôge as ien fan 'e wichtichste oarsaken fan 'e efterútgong en de trage populaasjegroei sûnt 1972. Oare faktoaren dy't dêrby in rol spylje, binne habitatferlies troch urbanisaasje en oare foarmen fan lânûntwikkeling; de opmars fan houtige planten yn it biotoop fan 'e prêrjehûnen; de sylvatyske pest; en oanhâldende drûchte. De Amerikaanske oerheid is der no ta oergien om boeren finansjele fergoedings oan te bieden as se in diel fan har lân beskikber stelle foar bewenning troch Utahprêrjehûnen.

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

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Utahprêrjehûn: Brief Summary ( Frisian ossidental )

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De Utahprêrjehûn (Latynske namme: Cynomys parvidens) is in sûchdier út it skift fan 'e kjifdieren (Rodentia), de famylje fan 'e iikhoarntsjes (Sciuridae), de tûke fan 'e grûniikhoarntsjes (Mamotini) en it skaai fan 'e prêrjehûnen (Cynomys). Dizze prêrjehûn komt foar yn it súdwesten fan 'e Feriene Steaten en hat de status fan bedrige bistesoarte.

 src= It ferspriedingsgebiet fan 'e Utahprêrjehûn yn 1920 (bêzje), 1970 (giel) en 1991 (read).
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Utah prairie dog ( Anglèis )

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The Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens) is the smallest species of prairie dog endemic to the south-central steppes of the American state of Utah.

The species is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with a status of Endangered. Because of this, it is a protected species; the prairie dog faces various threats - the most dangerous being habitat loss and disease.

Description

Appearance

The fur of Utah prairie dogs is multicolored, which consists of black, brown, and dark brown at the tip. Their faces have dark brown cheeks and whitish tone around their chins and mouth.[3] Utah prairie dogs also have distinctly clay colored proximal tail parts and dorsum, as well as dark eyebrows.[4] In terms of taxonomy, there are two subgenera of prairie dogs: "black-tailed" prairie dogs and "white-tailed" prairie dogs. Utah prairie dogs are a member of the latter of the two groups and the subgenus Leucrossuromys. Utah prairie dogs may have been part of the interbreeding species of white-tailed prairie dogs but their differences are a result of what is known as allopatric speciation - separation of a species by physiographic and ecological barriers.[5]

Body size

The total body length of typical adult Utah prairie dogs ranges from 30.5 cm to 36.0 cm with 3 cm to 6 cm of tail.[3] Adult prairie dogs weigh about 0.77 kg to 1.41 kg in males, and 0.64 kg to 1.13 kg in females.[6] Utah prairie dogs exhibit sexual dimorphism; males are 27% bigger than females, although the ratio varies by season.[7] Their body weights can span from .3 kg to .9 kg in the spring, and .5 kg to 1.5 kg in the summer for males.[5] In 1952, Durant noted that the Utah prairie dog has a skull larger than that of the Gunnison's prairie dog.[8]

Ecology

Range

Utah prairie dogs are only found in the southern part of Utah. They have the most constrained range when compared to the other four species of prairie dogs in the United States (Gunnison's prairie dog, Mexican prairie dog, the white-tailed prairie dog, and the black-tailed prairie dog) - none of which overlap geographic territories.[9] Today the Utah prairie dog is only found in the central and southwestern part of Utah in Beaver, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Piute, Sevier, and Wayne Counties.[10] However, it was recorded that Utah prairie dogs existed as far north as Nephi, as far south as the pine fir forests of Bryce Canyon National Park, and Aquarius Plateau to the east in 1920, but the number declined from the 1920s to 1970s by 87%. This reduction was thought to be a result of human settlers who caused overgrazing of soil, and thus catalyzed the invasion of shrub to the grass land.[3]

Habitat

Utah prairie dogs prefer swale land area with abundant herbaceous plants. They build burrows on soil with adequate drain ability, depth to protect themselves from predators (a minimum of 3.3 feet deep), and appropriately colored soil for camouflage purposes. Other environmental factors such as temperature influence the building process, such as insulation prospects.[11][12][10][5][13] Agricultural properties often provide Utah prairie dogs with suitable habitats, but when populations get too dense, outbreaks of plagues become common (of which fleas are the typical vectors) and can demolish entire colonies.[14]

Diet

Utah prairie dogs are mainly herbivores, but they sometimes choose small insects, such as cicadas.[15] They highly prefer grasses and forbs but they also do consume flowers in shrubs. Utah prairie dogs choose only a few species of grasses that are native to their surrounding soil.[16] Eating green vegetation and forbs of high quality allows them to obtain large quantities of protein and energy, which is critical for activities such as lactation and hibernation.[5]

Reproduction

Utah prairie dogs show polyandry behavior, and lay only one litter per year, which generally consists of one to eight pups, with a mean of 3.88 pups.[17] The size of litters directly correlate with maternal body mass. However, approximately twenty percent of the litter may be eradicated due to males cannibalizing juvenile Utah prairie dogs.[16] The gestation period of a female Utah prairie dog is approximately 28 days.[18] The breeding occurs generally from mid-March through early April.[17] Female estrus occurs for just one day, for only a few hours during this breeding season. Nevertheless, this atypical cycle is sustainable because on average, ninety-seven percent of adult females are in conditions conducive to breeding and thus produce litters.[14] The life expectancy of Utah prairie dogs is around five years.[16]

Behavior

Typical prairie dog town, entrance to tunnel

They build extensive "towns" of tunnels and chambers. Each town's population is the members of an extended prairie dog family group called a "clan", which comprises an adult male, a few adult females, and their juveniles, who work to maintain boundaries of geographic territories.[14] They forage from dawn to dusk.[15] Prairie dogs are particularly social animals and demonstrate communal behavior.[18] They hibernate during the harshest months of the winter for about four to six months and emerge by late February or early March, and occasionally during mild conditions. Adult male prairie dogs begin hibernation around August or September and their female counterparts do the same a few weeks afterwards. Younger generations go into hibernation one to two months later, towards the end of November.[14]

Predators

The primary predators of Utah prairie dogs include badgers (Taxidea taxis), many species of raptors (Aquila chrysaetos, Buteo spp.), coyotes (Canis latrans), snakes (Pituophus spp., Crotalus spp.), and long-tailed weasels (Mustela frenata). However, predators don't pose a significant threat to the numbers of prairie dogs in well-established colonies.[14]

Ecological impact

Utah prairie dogs act as a keystone species for their ecosystem - they are responsible for enhancing landscape heterogeneity, mitigating the height of local vegetation, mixing soil by burrowing (which in turn aids in the nitrogen uptake of plants), and altering the chemistry of the soil by making it more porous and allowing for precipitation and organic matter to penetrate the ground. Other animals including rabbits, badgers, ground squirrels, and burrowing owls rely on the burrows and conditions that Utah prairie dogs generate.[5]

Conservation

Conservation status

The species appears in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with a status of Endangered, last assessed on July 11, 2016.[1]

Utah State Route 20 through Buckskin Valley in Iron County

The Utah prairie dog is listed as a threatened species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. They have also been considered federally threatened since the year 1984.[19] They are protected under the 1973 Endangered Species Act (ESA).[20] In 1920 there were approximately 95,000 Utah prairie dogs and over the span of around 50 years, the population was decimated by an estimated 50%. Reports have shown that this was a result of population control programs that were instituted in the 1920s, unregulated shooting, and poisoning.[21] Other factors that contributed to this drastic reduction include diseases, increased aridity, overgrazing of habitats and habitat loss, epizootic infections, cultivated agriculture, invasive plant species, climate change, poaching, the exploration and development of energy resources, off-highway vehicle recreation, fire management, and urban development.[4][22] In 1972, studies estimated a population of 3,300 Utah prairie dogs in 37 colonies. Studies by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources in spring 2004 reported 4,022 Utah prairie dogs, a number believed to reflect half of the total current population.[23] The Utah prairie dog can do significant damage to farms by digging holes and eating crops, drawing the ire of Utah farmers, who have used poison liberally to destroy the animals.[24] This is a major reason for the population decline, though there are other factors, such as "land development, deteriorating rangeland health, the encroachment of woody vegetation, sylvatic plague, [bubonic plague], and drought."

Conservation efforts

Conservation efforts include encouraging landowners to improve the health of their rangelands, and compensating farmers who set aside areas the prairie dogs may use.[24] Conservationists also recommend seeding as a method of rangeland restoration, prescribed burning of vegetation, control of noxious weeds, and general brush management to preserve Utah prairie dog habitats and food sources.[25] The United States Fish and Wildlife Service, along with the Utah Ecological Services Field Office, have published recovery plans with varying proposed strategies to protect Utah prairie dog populations. Some descriptions of such plans that have yet to be implemented include monitoring and developing a database for plague incidents, developing methods of natural disturbance responses (such as fire or drought), creating a volunteer-based stewardship program with the intention of educating and informing citizens, and establishing educational kiosks and Utah prairie dog viewing sites for the public. Additional conservation plans that are ongoing include those in which private landowners who contractually agree to habitat management or restoration receive financial and market-based incentives, endowment funds for the management and administration of protected properties are established, vegetation treatment in tactical areas are implemented, and strategies to further funding for outreach programs are developed. Many of these expensive recovery actions are anticipated to generate full recovery of the Utah prairie dog species by the decade of 2040, if properly adhered to proposed schedules.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b Roach, N. (2018). "Cynomys parvidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T6090A22260975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T6090A22260975.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c Pizzimenti JJ, Collier GD (1975) Cynomys parvidens. Mamm Spec 52:1–3
  4. ^ a b Hafner, D.J., Yensen, E. and Kirkland, G.L., Jr. (1998). "Status survey and conservation action plan - North American Rodents" (PDF). IUCN/SSC Rodent Specialist Group.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b c d e "ECOS: Species Profile". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-10.
  6. ^ Wright-Smith, M.A. 1978. The ecology and social organization of Cynomys parvidens (Utah prairie dog) in south central Utah. M.A. Thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington. 44 pp.
  7. ^ Hoogland J.L. 2003b. Sexual dimorphism in five species of prairie dogs. J Mammal 84:1254–1266
  8. ^ Durrant, S. D. 1952. Mammals of Utah. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:1-549.
  9. ^ "ECOS: Species Profile". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  10. ^ a b McDonald, K.P. 1993. Analysis of the Utah prairie dog recovery program, 1972-1992. Publication No. 93-16. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Cedar City, UT. 81 pp.
  11. ^ Collier, G.D. 1975. "The Utah prairie dog: Abundance, distribution, and habitat requirements". Pub. No. 75-10. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, UT. 94 pp.
  12. ^ {Turner, B. 1979. An evaluation of the Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens). Unpublished report. Prepared for the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 53 pp.}
  13. ^ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2009. Utah Prairie Dog (Cynomys parvidens) Draft Revised Recovery Plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, CO. i + 122 pp. https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/100917.pdf
  14. ^ a b c d e Gould, Rowan W. "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revising the Special Rule for the Utah Prairie Dog" April 15, 2011.https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-06-02/pdf/2011-13684.pdf#page=1
  15. ^ a b Hoogland, J. L. 2003a. Black-tailed prairie dog: Cynomys ludovicianus and allies. Pp. 232–247 in Wild mammals of North America (G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, and J. A. Chapman, eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
  16. ^ a b c Hoogland, J.L. 2001. Black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs all reproduce slowly. Journal of Mammalogy 82:917-927
  17. ^ a b Hoogland, J. L. 2013. Why do female prairie dogs copulate with more than one male?—Insights from long-term research. Journal of Mammalogy, 94(4), 731-744.
  18. ^ a b Bryce, Mailing Address: P. O. Box 640201; answered, UT 84764 Phone: 435 834-5322 Phones are; Us, messages returned as soon as possible as staffing allows Contact. "Utah Prairie Dog - Bryce Canyon National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
  19. ^ "Protecting Utah prairie dog habitat | Endangered Species Mitigation Fund". wildlife.utah.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  20. ^ "Plan to Protect Utah Prairie Dogs | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". FWS.gov. 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  21. ^ Gould, Rowan W. "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised 90-Day Finding on a Petition To Reclassify the Utah Prairie Dog From Threatened to Endangered" June 7, 2011. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2011-06-21/pdf/2011-15283.pdf#page=1
  22. ^ Morrison, Hugh. "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Revised Recovery Plan for Utah Prairie Dog" August 18, 2010. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2010-09-17/pdf/2010-23234.pdf#page=1
  23. ^ "Utah prairie dog". Mountain-Prairie Region Species Website. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  24. ^ a b "Economic Incentives Can Save The Threatened Utah Prairie Dog". Environmental Defense Fund.
  25. ^ Slack, James J. "Restoration of Habitat for Utah Prairie Dogs on Private Land in Utah" August 8, 2007. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2007-09-06/pdf/E7-17590.pdf#page=1
  26. ^ "Report Results". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
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Utah prairie dog: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

fornì da wikipedia EN

The Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens) is the smallest species of prairie dog endemic to the south-central steppes of the American state of Utah.

The species is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with a status of Endangered. Because of this, it is a protected species; the prairie dog faces various threats - the most dangerous being habitat loss and disease.

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Cynomys parvidens ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El perrito de la pradera de Utah (Cynomys parvidens) es una especie de roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae nativa del centro de Estados Unidos, específicamente de Utah. Es el más pequeño de los perritos de la pradera.

Historia natural

Como todos los perritos de la pradera, el perrito de la pradera de Utah se alimenta de toda vegetación que encuentre, esto incluye pasto, flores y semillas. Estos roedores construyen túneles bajo tierra, haciendo especies de "pueblos". Otras especies hacen uso de sus madrigueras, esto incluye búhos, serpientes y otros roedores.

Estado de conservación

Aparece en la Lista roja como una especie de riesgo bajo.[1]​ Según el servicio estadounidense de vida salvaje y marina aparece como una especie amenazada . En el pasado fue clasificada como especie en peligro de extinción.

En 1972, unos estudios determinaron una población de 3.300 ejemplares en 37 colonias. Los estudios hechos por el Departamento de Vida Silvestre de Utah en primavera de 2004 reportaron 4.022 perritos de la pradera de Utah, se cree que eso es solo la mitad de la población actual.[2]

Referencias

  1. a b Linzey, A.V., Rosmarino, N. & NatureServe (Willson, K., Roth, E., Hammerson, G. & Cannings, S.) (2008). «Cynomys parvidens». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 30 de agosto de 2010.
  2. US Fish and Wildlife Service: Utah Prairie Dog Archivado el 26 de septiembre de 2006 en Wayback Machine.

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Cynomys parvidens: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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El perrito de la pradera de Utah (Cynomys parvidens) es una especie de roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae nativa del centro de Estados Unidos, específicamente de Utah. Es el más pequeño de los perritos de la pradera.

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Cynomys parvidens ( Basch )

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Cynomys parvidens Cynomys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. J. A. Allen (1905) Sciuridae Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci..

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Cynomys parvidens: Brief Summary ( Basch )

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Cynomys parvidens Cynomys generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Cynomys parvidens ( Fransèis )

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Le chien de prairie de l'Utah (Cynomys parvidens) est une espèce de rongeur du genre Cynomys.

Répartition et habitat

 src=
Ère de répartition des chiens de prairie de l'Utah. 1920 (ocre), 1970 (jaune), 1991 (rouge)

Il vit uniquement en Utah aux États-Unis. On le trouve dans les prairies et les vallées de montagnes[1].

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Cynomys parvidens: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Le chien de prairie de l'Utah (Cynomys parvidens) est une espèce de rongeur du genre Cynomys.

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Utahprairiehond ( olandèis; flamand )

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De utahprairiehond (Cynomys parvidens) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door J. A. Allen in 1905.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Utahprairiehond: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

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De utahprairiehond (Cynomys parvidens) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door J. A. Allen in 1905.

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Utahpräriehund ( svedèis )

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Utahpräriehund (Cynomys parvidens[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av J. A. Allen 1905. Cynomys parvidens ingår i släktet präriehundar och familjen ekorrar.[10][11] Inga underarter finns listade.[10]

Beskrivning

Arten har kanelbrun grundfärg med buksidan ljusare än ryggsidan. Överläpp, haka och det mesta av svansen är vita. I ansiktet har den mörkbruna fläckar kring ögonen. Honorna har fem par spenar. Utahpräriehunden är den minsta arten i sitt släkte, med en kroppslängd av 30,5 till 36 cm, inklusive en svans på 3 till 6 cm.[12]

Ekologi

Utbredningsområdet omfattar idag 1 850 km2 av gräsmarker, bergsdalar och andra väldränerade jordar med vegetation tillräckligt låg för att arten skall ha fritt synfält.[1] Eftersom arten i likhet med andra präriehundar är ett kolonibildande djur som konstruerar djupa, komplicerade gångsystem måste jordlagret vara djupt nog – och tillräckligt väldränerat – för att ett sådant system kan grävas ut på frostfritt djup utan att riskera att bli översvämmat. Arten håller ingen egentlig vinterdvala, men de lämnar inte gångsystemet under vintern. De första att dra sig under jord är hanarna, som försvinner ner i gångsystemet redan under augusti till september. Sist är ungdjuren, som i regel stannar uppe till oktober eller november.[12]

Föda och predation

Utahpräriehunden är dagaktiv, och främst växtätare: Den föredrar blommor framför gräs, och späda löv framför äldre. Stjälkar äts sällan. Ungarna tar mestadels torr vegetation och boskapsspillning. Arten kan även ta insekter, framför allt cikador.[12]

Själv utgör arten föda för nordamerikansk grävling, prärievarg, vesslor och rovfåglar.[12]

Fortplantning

Arten blir könsmogen vid ett års ålder.[12] Den parar sig en gång per år, mellan april och maj. Efter omkring en månads dräktighet föder honan mellan 2 och 10 (vanligtvis 3 till 5) ungar. De diar modern till omkring 7 veckors ålder och lämnar det underjordiska boet för första gången vid omkring 6 veckors ålder.[1]

Utbredning

Denna präriehund förekommer i södra delen av delstaten Utah i USA.[1]

Status

IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som starkt hotad (EN), och populationen minskar. Nedgången har pågått länge; arten ansågs tidigare som ett skadedjur för boskapsuppfödarna, och beskylldes för att äta upp grödan för boskapen. Av detta skäl blev den föremål för flera federalt stödda utrotningskampanjer med gift.[13] 1920, före giftkampanjernas införande, uppskattades populationen av utahpräriehund till 95 000; 2004 En studie från början av 1970-talet (giftkampanjerna upphörde 1973) beräknade populationen till 3 300 individer.[14]

Populationens storlek 2008 uppskattas vara under 10 000 individer. Nuvarande hot är fortsatt (illegal) giftutläggning och avskjutning, habitatförlust på grund av upplöjning och byggnation samt pestutbrott inom populationen (präriehundarna är en betydande reserv för pestsmitta i USA, till skillnad från olika råttarter i andra länder[15]).[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] Linzey, A.V., Rosmarino, N., Willson, K., Roth, E., Hammerson, G. & Cannings, S. 2008 Cynomys parvidens Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 17 februari 2016.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ (2005) , website Cynomys parvidens, Mammal Species of the World
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ (2001) , website, 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  9. ^ (2001) , website, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Program-05/01
  10. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/cynomys+parvidens/match/1. Läst 18 februari 2016.
  11. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  12. ^ [a b c d e] Natasha Lie (1999). Cynomys parvidens Utah prairie dog” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan). http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Cynomys_parvidens/. Läst 17 februari 2016.
  13. ^ ”Economic Incentives Can Save The Threatened Utah Prairie Dog”. Environmental Defense Fund. 20 juli 2001. http://www.edf.org/news/economic-incentives-can-save-threatened-utah-prairie-dog. Läst 18 februari 2016.
  14. ^ ”Utah prairie dog”. Mountain-Prairie Region Species Website. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 6 november 2013. https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/utahPrairieDog.php/. Läst 18 februari 2016.
  15. ^ Paul Ettestad (2018). ”Overview of Plague”. Veterinary Manual. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation. http://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/plague/overview-of-plague. Läst 6 mars 2018.

Externa länkar

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Utahpräriehund: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Utahpräriehund (Cynomys parvidens) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av J. A. Allen 1905. Cynomys parvidens ingår i släktet präriehundar och familjen ekorrar. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Cầy thảo nguyên Utah ( vietnamèis )

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Cầy thảo nguyên Utah, tên khoa học Cynomys parvidens, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được J. A. Allen mô tả năm 1905.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A. V., Rosmarino, N. & NatureServe (Willson, K., Roth, E., Hammerson, G. & Cannings, S.) (2008). Cynomys parvidens. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 1 năm 2009.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Cynomys parvidens”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cầy thảo nguyên Utah  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cầy thảo nguyên Utah


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Cầy thảo nguyên Utah: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Cầy thảo nguyên Utah, tên khoa học Cynomys parvidens, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được J. A. Allen mô tả năm 1905.

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유타프레리도그 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

유타프레리도그(Cynomys parvidens)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다. 5종의 프레리도그 중의 하나이다. 미국 유타주 남부 중앙 스텝 지대의 토착종이다.

계통 분류

다음은 2009년 헬겐(Helgen) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[2]

마멋족      

열대땅다람쥐속

   

영양다람쥐속

         

바위다람쥐속

   

황금망토땅다람쥐속

     

마멋속

         

땅다람쥐속

       

작은땅다람쥐속

     

프랭클린땅다람쥐속

    프레리도그속    

검은꼬리프레리도그

   

멕시코프레리도그

       

유타프레리도그

     

거니슨프레리도그

   

흰꼬리프레리도그

         

피그미땅다람쥐속

         

전북구땅다람쥐속

       

각주

  1. “Cynomys parvidens”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 6일에 확인함.
  2. Helgen, Kristofer M.; Cole, F. Russell; Helgen, Lauren E.; Wilson, Don E. (April 2009). “Generic Revision in the Holarctic Ground Squirrel Genus Spermophilus” (PDF). 《Journal of Mammalogy》 90 (2): 270–305. doi:10.1644/07-MAMM-A-309.1. 2011년 10월 22일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서.
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