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Retama ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Retama és un gènere de plantes amb flor de la tribu Genisteae de la família Fabaceae.

Espècies

Vegeu també

Referències

Enllaços externs

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Retama: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valensian )

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Retama és un gènere de plantes amb flor de la tribu Genisteae de la família Fabaceae.

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Retama ( Anglèis )

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Retama (also known as rotem, Hebrew: רותם) is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae.[1] Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae).

The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid.

In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly used for broom bushes in general, including the genus Retama.

Taxonomy

The genus Retama was erected in 1838 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, the genus name being derived from the Arabic name. Rafinesque noted that the genus had been included in other genera, including Spartium, Cytisus and Genista, but he regarded it as distinct.[2]

The name Lygos was once used for Retama;[3][4][5] it is now a rejected name (nomen rejiciendum) in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.[6] Michel Adanson described and classified the genus referencing to the Greek plant "lygos" and to Pedanius Dioscorides.[7] In the ancient Greek language, lygos (λύγος) was the name of the plant Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree)[8] or willow or other plants with pliant twigs.[9] The same word (in some cases Latinized as Lygus) was used in botany and zoology for various taxonomic groups as a component of names, e.g. Lygodysodea, Lygisyum, Lygistum, Lygodesmia etc.[10][11]

Retama is traditionally placed in the tribe Genisteae, and in the subfamily Papilionoideae in the 2017 classification of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

Species

The number of species in the genus and their circumscription varies. As of February 2018, Plants of the World Online, based on the African Plant Database, accepted the following species:[12]

R. rhodorhizoides is included in R. monosperma by some sources,[13] and has been identified as R. raetam by others.[14] When recognized as a separate species, it is restricted to the Canary Islands.[15]

Species names with uncertain taxonomic status

The status of the following species is unresolved:[16]

  • Retama albiflora Raf.
  • Retama angulata Griseb.
  • Retama atlantica Pomel
  • Retama bovei (Spach) Webb
  • Retama hipponensis Webb
  • Retama lutea Raf.
  • Retama microcarpa Webb
  • Retama parviflora (Vent.) Webb
  • Retama recutita Webb ex Bolle
  • Retama webbii Webb

Cultural significance

Retama may be mentioned in the Bible, in I Kings 19:4, Psalms 120:4, and Job 30:4, under the name rotem (Heb. רוֹתֶם/רֹתֶם). According to multiple Jewish biblical commentators, Retama is used in the Bible as a symbol of slander, as, when burnt, its embers will remain hot long after they turn black.[17][18] However, this translation is contested, with other commentators translating the word as "juniper".[19][17][20]

References

  1. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  2. ^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1838), "82. Retama", Sylva Telluriana, Philadelphia, p. 22, retrieved 2018-02-15
  3. ^ James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-Of-Doors and Under Glass, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 410.
  4. ^ European Environment Agency, Thermo-mediterranean (Lygos raetam) brush
  5. ^ Hanelt P. & Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds.), Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, Springer Verlag, Germany, 2001, p. 924
  6. ^ "Lygos Adans.", Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), retrieved 2018-02-13
  7. ^ Adanson M. (1763) Familles des Plantes, Paris, vol. 2, pp. 321, 573. Note: In p. 573 the name is printed as “Lugos”.
  8. ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
  9. ^ Composition of scientific words: a manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics, Brown, Roland Wilbur, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979 p. 856.
  10. ^ George Don, A general history of the Dichlamydeous plants, London, 1834, vol. 3, p. 483, 560.
  11. ^ Brown, p. 485: Lygus oblineatus (bug).
  12. ^ "Retama Raf.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-02-15
  13. ^ "Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss.", The Plant List, retrieved 2018-02-15
  14. ^ "Retama raetam auct". African Plant Database. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
  15. ^ "Retama rhodorhizoides Webb & Berthel.", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2018-02-15
  16. ^ "The Plant List entry for Retama". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  17. ^ a b Redak. pp. I Kings 19:4 "Under one rotem".
  18. ^ Metzudat David. pp. Psalms 120:4 "With hot coals of rotem".
  19. ^ Rashi. pp. I Kings 19:4 "Rotem".
  20. ^ Ralbag. pp. I Kings 19:4 "And he sat under one rotem".
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Retama: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Retama (also known as rotem, Hebrew: רותם) is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. Retama broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. Retama raetam and Retama monosperma have white flowers, while Retama sphaerocarpa has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the genus Retama should be incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae).

The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid.

In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly used for broom bushes in general, including the genus Retama.

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Retama ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Retama es un género de arbustos con siete especies perteneciente a la subfamilia Faboideae de la familia Fabaceae. Está estrechamente relacionada con los géneros Chamaecytisus, Cytisus y Genista con los que comparte características similares de alta densidad, delgados tallos verdes y muy pequeñas hojas, las adaptaciones a las condiciones de cultivo seco. La mayoría de sus flores son amarillas, unas pocas blancas, naranjas, rojas, rosadas o moradas.

Otros dos parientes cercanos son Ulex y Laburnum, pero estos se diferencian más fuertemente en la aparición de arbustos. Algunos botánicos incluyen Podocytisus caramanicus en el género Laburnum.

Todos los arbustos y sus familias (incluidos los Laburnum y Ulex) son nativas de Europa, el norte de África y el suroeste de Asia, con mayor diversidad en la región del Mediterráneo. Muchos arbustos (aunque no todos) son especies de incendios, adaptados a regular los incendios que matan la tierra por encima de la capa vegetal y crear las condiciones para la regeneración de las raíces y también para la germinación de semillas localizadas en el suelo.

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Constantine Samuel Rafinesque y publicado en Sylva Telluriana 22. 1838.[1]

Etimología

Retama: nombre genérico que deriva de Retáma, -ae f. – del árabe andalusí ratama (ár. culto ratam); castellano: retama f. = nombre de no pocas genísteas, como las retamas propiamente dichas –Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss., R. sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss. y R. raetam (Forssk.) Webb– y especies varias de los géneros Cytisus L., Genista L. y Spartium L.[2]

Las especies más comunes en la península ibérica son:[3]

Especies[4]

Referencias

  1. «Retama». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 24 de enero de 2015.
  2. En Flora Vascular
  3. Flora Iberica
  4. «Retama». The Plant List. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2012.

Bibliografía

  1. Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.
  2. Sousa Sánchez, M. & V. E. Rudd. 1993. Revisión del género Styphnolobium (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Sophoreae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80(1): 270–283. View in BotanicusView in Biodiversity Heritage Library
  3. Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i–xlii.

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Retama: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Retama es un género de arbustos con siete especies perteneciente a la subfamilia Faboideae de la familia Fabaceae. Está estrechamente relacionada con los géneros Chamaecytisus, Cytisus y Genista con los que comparte características similares de alta densidad, delgados tallos verdes y muy pequeñas hojas, las adaptaciones a las condiciones de cultivo seco. La mayoría de sus flores son amarillas, unas pocas blancas, naranjas, rojas, rosadas o moradas.

Otros dos parientes cercanos son Ulex y Laburnum, pero estos se diferencian más fuertemente en la aparición de arbustos. Algunos botánicos incluyen Podocytisus caramanicus en el género Laburnum.

Todos los arbustos y sus familias (incluidos los Laburnum y Ulex) son nativas de Europa, el norte de África y el suroeste de Asia, con mayor diversidad en la región del Mediterráneo. Muchos arbustos (aunque no todos) son especies de incendios, adaptados a regular los incendios que matan la tierra por encima de la capa vegetal y crear las condiciones para la regeneración de las raíces y también para la germinación de semillas localizadas en el suelo.

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Retama ( Fransèis )

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Retama est un genre de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Fabaceae, sous-famille des Faboideae, originaire d'Europe, d'Afrique et d'Asie, qui compte quatre espèces acceptées.

Étymologie

Le nom générique, « Retama », dérive d'un terme arabe, رتم (r'tem, retem, retam, ratama), qui désigne un arbrisseau commun en Afrique du Nord[3].

Liste d'espèces

Selon The Plant List (1 octobre 2018)[4] :

Notes et références

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden., consulté le 1 octobre 2018
  2. BioLib, consulté le 1 octobre 2018
  3. (en) Umberto Quattrocchi, CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants : Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology (5 Volume Set), Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2012, 3960 p. (ISBN 978-1-4200-8044-5, lire en ligne), p. 3186.
  4. The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/, consulté le 1 octobre 2018

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Retama: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Retama est un genre de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Fabaceae, sous-famille des Faboideae, originaire d'Europe, d'Afrique et d'Asie, qui compte quatre espèces acceptées.

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Retama ( Indonesian )

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Retama adalah suatu genus semak berbunga dari familia legume, Fabaceae. Tergolong kedalam tribus sapu, Genisteae. Semak sapu Retama ditemukan sebagai tumbuhan asli di Afrika Utara, daerahLevant dan sejumlah bagian Eropa selatan. Retama raetam dan Retama monosperma mempunyai bunga putih, sedangkan Retama sphaerocarpa mempunyai bunga kuning. Masih dipertanyakan dalam taksonomi apakah anggota genus Retama seharusnya digolongkan ke dalam genus Genista (lihat Genisteae).

Spesies dari genus ini mengandung cytisine, suatu alkaloid beracun.

Dalam bahasa Spanyol, nama "retama" digunakan secara umum untuk "semak sapu" (broom bushes), yang termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas hanya pada genus Retama.

Sistematika

Nama Lygos pernah digunakan untuk Retama.[2][3][4] Michel Adanson memaparkan dan mengklasifikasikan genus ini dengan merujuk pada tumbuhan Yunani “lygos” dan pada Pedanius Dioscorides.[5] Dalam bahasa Yunani kuno lygos (λύγος) merupakan nama tumbuhan Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree)[6] atau dedalu (willow) atau tumbuhan lain dengan ranting "pliant".[7] Kata yang sama (kadang ditulis dalam ejaan Latin sebagai Lygus) digunakan dalam botani dan zoologi untuk berbagai kelompok sebagai nama komponen, misalnya Lygodysodea, Lygisyum, Lygistum, Lygodesmia dan lain-lain.[8][9]

Taksonomi

Genus Retama beranggotakan sejumlah spesies berikut:[10][11][12]

Nama spesies dengan status taksonomi belum jelas

Status spesies berikut belum dapat dipastikan:[12]

  • Retama albiflora Raf.
  • Retama angulata Griseb.
  • Retama atlantica Pomel
  • Retama bovei (Spach) Webb
  • Retama hipponensis Webb
  • Retama lutea Raf.
  • Retama microcarpa Webb
  • Retama parviflora (Vent.) Webb
  • Retama recutita Webb ex Bolle
  • Retama webbii Webb

Referensi

  1. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk B-E, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M. (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  2. ^ James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-Of-Doors and Under Glass, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 410.
  3. ^ European Environment Agency, Thermo-mediterranean (Lygos raetam) brush
  4. ^ Hanelt P. & Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds.), Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, Springer Verlag, Germany, 2001, p. 924
  5. ^ Adanson M. (1763) Familles des Plantes, Paris, vol. 2, pp. 321, 573. Note: In p. 573 the name is printed as “Lugos”.
  6. ^ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon
  7. ^ Brown Roland Wilbur, Composition of scientific words: a manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979 p. 856.
  8. ^ George Don, A general history of the Dichlamydeous plants, London, 1834, vol. 3, p. 483, 560.
  9. ^ Brown, p. 485: Lygus oblineatus (bug).
  10. ^ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Retama". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2014.
  11. ^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Retama". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2014.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  12. ^ a b "The Plant List entry for Retama". The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2014.
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Retama: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Retama adalah suatu genus semak berbunga dari familia legume, Fabaceae. Tergolong kedalam tribus sapu, Genisteae. Semak sapu Retama ditemukan sebagai tumbuhan asli di Afrika Utara, daerahLevant dan sejumlah bagian Eropa selatan. Retama raetam dan Retama monosperma mempunyai bunga putih, sedangkan Retama sphaerocarpa mempunyai bunga kuning. Masih dipertanyakan dalam taksonomi apakah anggota genus Retama seharusnya digolongkan ke dalam genus Genista (lihat Genisteae).

Spesies dari genus ini mengandung cytisine, suatu alkaloid beracun.

Dalam bahasa Spanyol, nama "retama" digunakan secara umum untuk "semak sapu" (broom bushes), yang termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas hanya pada genus Retama.

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Retama ( Italian )

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Retama Raf. è un genere di piante appartenente alla famiglia delle Fabaceae (tribù Genisteae).[1]

Tassonomia

Comprende 4 specie:[1]

Mostra affinità sistematiche con i generi Spartium e Genista.[2]

Distribuzione e habitat

Distribuzione Sud-mediterranea e Saharo-Sindica.[2]

Note

  1. ^ a b Retama, in The Plant List. URL consultato l'8 aprile 2015.
  2. ^ a b Peruzzi L., Cesca G., Osservazioni biosistematiche su "Retama gussonei" Webb (Fabaceae) (PDF), in Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat. 2003; 110: 19-22.

Bibliografia

  • Sandro Pignatti, Flora d'Italia, Edagricole, Bologna 1982. ISBN 88-506-2449-2
  • T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood et Alii, Flora Europea, Cambridge University Press 1976. ISBN 0-521-08489-X

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Retama: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Retama Raf. è un genere di piante appartenente alla famiglia delle Fabaceae (tribù Genisteae).

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Retama ( portughèis )

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Retama é um género botânico pertencente à família Fabaceae. É comum chamar-se de giesta, mas muitas pessoas só usam este para a espécie Cytisus striatus.[1]

Espécies

Referências

Referências

  1. «pertencente à — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020
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Retama: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Retama é um género botânico pertencente à família Fabaceae. É comum chamar-se de giesta, mas muitas pessoas só usam este para a espécie Cytisus striatus.

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Retama ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Retama là một chi thực vật trong họ Đậu.

Các loài

[2][3][4]

Các loài chưa được công nhận

[4]

  • Retama albiflora Raf.
  • Retama angulata Griseb.
  • Retama atlantica Pomel
  • Retama bovei (Spach) Webb
  • Retama hipponensis Webb
  • Retama lutea Raf.
  • Retama microcarpa Webb
  • Retama parviflora (Vent.) Webb
  • Retama recutita Webb ex Bolle
  • Retama webbii Webb

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). “Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes”. S Afr J Bot 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
  2. ^ “ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Retama. International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 4 năm 2014.
  3. ^ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. “GRIN species records of Retama. Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 4 năm 2014.
  4. ^ a ă “The Plant List entry for Retama. The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2013. Truy cập ngày 15 tháng 4 năm 2014.

Tham khảo

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Retama: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Retama là một chi thực vật trong họ Đậu.

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