Schilbe mandibularis (Günther 1867)

Diagnosis: large species, up to 300 mm SL or more (Ref. 57127). Anterior nostrils never closer to each other than the posterior ones; inner margin of pectoral-fin spine finely denticulate; 39-70 branched anal-fin rays; 8-15 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch; adipose fin always present (Ref. 43912, 57127). Lower jaw reaching as far as or a little shorter than upper jaw; brownish longitudinal stripes along sides and anal fin (Ref. 43912).Description: 40-50 non-fused vertebrae; 8-10 branchiostegal rays on one side of head; clinal variation: important progressive reduction of number of anal fin rays and number of vertebrae and gill rakers in populations from east to west; caudal peduncle in general somewhat deeper than long but sometimes as long as deep or slightly longer than deep; nasal barbel reaches at least to midway between eye and opercle and at maximum a little further than posterior border of opercle; maxillary barbel reaches at least slightly beyond anterior border of opercle and at maximum to midway along pectoral spine; inner mandibular barbel short and never reaches beyond posterior border of eye; outer mandibular barbel reaches at least to anterior border of opercle and at maximum somewhat further than posterior border of opercle; sexual dimorphism in development of barbels: female having slightly shorter barbels than males (Ref. 43912). Schilbe mandibularis resembles S. intermedius, especially concerning the colour pattern; however in the latter species the upper jaw reaches slightly beyond the snout while it never reaches beyond the snout in S. mandibularis; moreover, in West African hydrographic systems S. intermedius generally lacks an adipose fin which is always present in S. mandibularis (Ref. 43912).Coloration: head and back dark brown; brownish or greyish lateral bands above and below lateral line, above and along anal-fin base, and along anal-fin margin; dorsal fin, pectorals and pelvics yellowish, the first two often mottled (Ref. 43912, 57127). In life: sides silvery with traces of lateral stripes; belly white; back and head grey-brown; fins coloured deep red at base, but this probably due to capture conditions when the fish has been hanging in the gill net for a long time (Ref. 43912).

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.

Dorsal spines (total): 1

Found in riverine and lacustrine conditions; prefers freshwater but has also been recorded from brackish water lagoons in mixohaline water; voracious and carnivorous (Ref. 43912). Feed mainly on (terrestrial) insects (Ref. 6868, 43912) and fish, but also fruits, amphibians, small rodents and Arachnida have been found in stomachs (Ref. 43912). Oviparous, eggs are unguarded (Ref. 205).

fisheries: