Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Polyonchobothrium Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Anchistrocephalus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Crowcrocaecum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Paracamallanus Infection 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Allogomtiorema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Pallisentis Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Pallisentis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Isoparorchis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Neocamallanus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Phyllodistomum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Camallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Bothriocephalus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Taphrobothrium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Heliconema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Neocamallanus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Diseases and Parasites
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Pallisentis Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
Life Cycle
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Builds floating nest of weeds and leaves where the orange-yellow eggs are deposited. Eggs hatch in 36 to 48 hours and fry remain in the nest for about 10 days after hatching. Parents guards the fry for about a month.
Migration
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Trophic Strategy
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Occurs in sluggish or standing water in canals, lakes, and swamps (Ref. 12693). Inhabits waters with submerged aquatic vegetation (Ref. 12693). Usually found only in deep pools in rivers and occasionally in lakes. Enters flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Carnivorous and subsists on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms and tadpoles (Ref. 1479). There are reports of this species taking water birds, snakes, and rodents. Males are territorial. May bite when caught (Elliot Bligh, pers. comm., 2001). Relative length of gut is 0.82, animal matter is 100% in the gut content (Ref. 54955).
- Recorder
- Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
Biology
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
Adults occur in sluggish or standing water in canals, lakes, and swamps (Ref. 12693). Inhabit waters with submerged aquatic vegetation (Ref. 12693). Usually found only in deep pools in rivers and occasionally in lakes. They enter flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Carnivorous and subsist on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms and tadpoles (Ref. 1479). There are reports of this species taking water birds, snakes, and rodents. Males are territorial. May bite when caught (Elliot Bligh, pers. comm., 2001).
Importance
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
Channa marulius
(
Catalan; Valensian
)
fornì da wikipedia CA
Channa marulius és l'espècie més grossa de la família de peixos dels cànnids.[7]
Descripció
- Fa 183 cm de llargària màxima[8] (encara que la seua mida normal és de 46)[9] i 30 kg de pes.[9][10] El creixement minva amb l'edat, però el major augment de pes succeeix durant el segon any de vida.[11][12]
- Cos allargat, amb una llarga aleta dorsal, fosses nasals tubulars, un ocel a prop de la base de la part superior de l'aleta caudal i un punt de color taronja al peduncle caudal.[13] Els juvenils poden tindre un reguitzell de taques fosques al llarg dels flancs.
- Boca grossa i amb una mandíbula inferior que conté de set a 18 dents canines. Presència de dents prevomerianes, però absència de les palatines.
- Sense escates a la regió gular del cap. 10 fileres d'escates entre l'angle propercular i la vora posterior de l'òrbita ocular.
- 45-55 radis a l'aleta dorsal, 28-36 a l'anal, 16-18 a la pectoral i 6 a la pelviana.
- La longitud de l'aleta pectoral és, si fa no fa, la meitat de la llargada del cap.
- 60-70 escates a la línia lateral. 16 escates predorsals.
- Els juvenils respiren aire de manera optativa, mentre que els adults ho fan de manera obligatòria (amb un màxim de consum d'oxigen durant la nit).[14][15]
- Té la capacitat de desplaçar-se per terra en distàncies curtes.[16][17][18]
Reproducció
Té lloc durant la major part de l'any i pot variar lleugerament depenent de l'indret. Basteix nius flotants amb herbes i fulles per a fer-hi la posta d'aproximadament 500 ous de color taronja-groc, els quals es desclouen al cap de 54 hores si la temperatura és de 16-26 °C i de 30 hores si és de 28-33 °C. Les larves són custodiades pels progenitors fins que assoleixen els 10 cm de longitud.[17][19]
Alimentació
És un depredador que es nodreix de peixos, granotes, serps, insectes, cucs de terra i capgrossos.[20] Hi ha informes que asseguren que també poden menjar aus aquàtiques i rosegadors.[18]
Depredadors
A Florida, on ha estat introduït, és depredat per la perca americana (Micropterus salmoides) i Cichla ocellaris.[21]
Hàbitat i distribució geogràfica
És un peix d'aigua dolça, bentopelàgic, potamòdrom[22] i de clima tropical (24 °C-28 °C),[23][24] el qual viu a Àsia: els canals, llacs i pantans[25] de corrents lents (amb substrats sorrencs i rocallosos[26] i amb vegetació aquàtica submergida)[25] i els boscos inundants[27] des del Pakistan,[9][28][29] l'Índia (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,[30] Assam,[31] Bihar, Chandigar, Chhattisgarh, Dadra i Nagar Haveli, Daman i Diu, el districte de Darjeeling, el Territori de la Capital Nacional de Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu i Caixmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka,[32][33][34] Kerala,[35] Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,[36][37] el districte de Mahe, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Orissa, Pondicherry, Panjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,[38] Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bengala Occidental[39] i el districte de Yanam),[26][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Bangladesh,[52][53][54] Sri Lanka,[23] el sud del Nepal[55][56] i la Xina[57] fins a Tailàndia,[58][59][60] Cambodja,[25] Birmània,[61][62][63][64] Laos,[65][66][67] el Vietnam i Indonèsia, incloent-hi les conques dels rius Kabul, Indus,[68] Gran Gandak, Gogra i Mekong.[16][69][8] Ha estat introduït als llacs i canals dels comtats de Broward i de Palm Beach (Florida, els Estats Units).[70][71][13][72][73][74][75][5][18][76]
Observacions
Pot mossegar quan és capturat, els mascles són territorials, apareix al Catàleg espanyol d'espècies exòtiques invasores (encara que no hi ha pas constància de la seua presència en cap conca de l'Estat espanyol)[77] i és important a nivell comercial, en aqüicultura (en estanys, arrossars, etc.),[78] en la pesca esportiva i com a peix d'aquari.[24][79][16][18]
Referències
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ Scopoli J. A., 1777. Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Praga. Introd. Hist. Nat.. i-x + 1-506. «Enllaç».
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ Hamilton, F., 1822. An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable and Company, Edimburg i Londres: i-vii + 1-405, Pls. 1-39.
-
↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Catalogue of Life (anglès)
-
↑ uBio (anglès)
-
↑ The Taxonomicon (anglès)
-
↑ 8,0 8,1 Shrestha, T.K., 1990. Resource ecology of the Himalayan waters. Curriculum Development Centre, Tribhuvan University, Katmandú, Nepal. 645 p.
-
↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Talwar, P. K. i A. G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volum 2. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
-
↑ Afzal Khan, M., S. Khan i K. Miyan, 2012. Length-weight relationship of giant snakehead, Channa marulius and stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis from the River Ganga, India. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 28:154-155.
-
↑ Johal, M. S., Hanel, L. i Oliva, O., 1983. Note on the growth of Ophicephalus marulius (Pisces: Ophicephaliformes): Vstník eskoslovenské Spolenosti Zoologické. V. 47, p. 81-86.
-
↑ Murugesan, V. K., 1978. The growth potential of the murrels, Channa marulius (Hamilton) and Channa striatus (Bloch): Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, v. 10, p. 169-170.
-
↑ 13,0 13,1 Pam Fuller, 2009. Channa marulius. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. (anglès)
-
↑ Ojha, J., N. Mishra, M. P. Saha i J. S. D. Munshi, 1979. Bimodal oxygen uptake in juveniles and adults amphibious fish, Channa (= Ophiocephalus) marulius. Hydrobiologia 63:153-159.
-
↑ Munshi, J. S. D., A. K. Patra, N. Biswas i J. Ojha, 1979. Interspecific variations in the circadian rhythm of bimodal oxygen uptake in four species of murrels. Jap. J. Ichthyol. 26(1):69-74.
-
↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 The Global Invasive Species Database (anglès)
-
↑ 17,0 17,1 Courtenay, W. R., Jr. i J. D. Williams, 2004. Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae) -- a biological synopsis and risk assessment. Circular, U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, núm. 1251: i-v + 1-143. «PDF».
-
↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ Srivastava, S., 1980. Seasonal histological changes in the ovary of a freshwater large murrel, Channa marulius (Ham): Zoologische Jahrbuecher fuer Anatomie, v. 104, p. 492-499.
-
↑ Rahman, A.K.A., 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh. Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p.
-
↑ Cocking, S., 2008. Snakeheads posing no threat. The News and Observer, 5 de desembre del 2008. «Enllaç».
-
↑ Riede, K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Alemanya. 329 p.
-
↑ 23,0 23,1 Pethiyagoda, R., 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. The Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 362 p.
-
↑ 24,0 24,1 Baensch, H. A. i R. Riehl, 1985. Aquarien atlas. Band 2. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde GmbH, Melle (Baixa Saxònia), Alemanya. 1216 p.
-
↑ 25,0 25,1 25,2 Rainboth, W. J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Roma, 265 p.
-
↑ 26,0 26,1 UICN (anglès)
-
↑ Roberts, T. R., 1993. Artisanal fisheries and fish ecology below the great waterfalls of the Mekong River in southern Laos. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 41:31-62.
-
↑ Ahmad, M. F. i M. S. Niazi, 1988. Important edible fishes of Pakistan. Zoological Survey Department, Government of Pakistan. 31 p.
-
↑ Mirza, M. R., 2002. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, el Pakistan.
-
↑ Nath, P. i S.C. Dey, 1989. Fish and fisheries of North East India. Arunachal Pradesh. Vol. 1, 1-143 p.
-
↑ List of Fish Species Available in Assam (anglès)
-
↑ Parameswaran, S. i V. K. Murugesan, 1976. Breeding season and seed sources of murrels in swamps of Karnataka State. J. Inland Fish. Soc. India 8:60-67.
-
↑ Checklist of Threatened Fish of Karnataka (anglès)
-
↑ Chandrashekhariah, H.N., M.F. Rahman i S. Lakshmi Raghavan, 2000. Status of fish fauna in Karnataka. p. 98-135. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
-
↑ Baby, F., J. Tharian, S. Philip, A. Ali i R. Raghavan, 2011. Checklist of the fishes of the Achankovil forests, Kerala, India with notes on the range extension of an endemic cyprinid Puntius chalakkudiensis. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(7): 1936-1941. «PDF».
-
↑ Arunachalam, M., J.A. Johnson, A. Manimekalan, A. Sankaranarayanan i R. Soranam, 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes of Western Ghats part of Maharashtra. p. 217-222. A: A.G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
-
↑ Archarya, P. i M.B. Iftekhar, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofauna of Maharashtra State. P.136-144. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
-
↑ Rema Devi, K. i T.J. Indra, 2000. Freshwater ichthyofaunal resources of Tamil Nadu. p. 77-97. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
-
↑ Dasgupta, M., 2004. Relative length of the gut of some freshwater fishes of West Bengal in relation to food and feeding habits. Indian J. Fish. 51(3):381-384.
-
↑ Arunachalam, M. i A. Manimekalan, 2000. Economically important and cultivable fishes of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve. P. 237-239. A: A.G. Ponniah i A. Gopalakrishnan (eds.). Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1,347 p.
-
↑ Dahanukar, N., R. Raut i A. Bhat, 2004. Distribution, endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats of India. J. Biogeogr 31: 123-136.
-
↑ Daniels, R.J.R., 2002. Freshwater fishes of Peninsular India. Madhav Gadgil (ed). India-A lifescape 2. Universities Press, Hyderabad. viii+287.
-
↑ Devaraj, M., 1973. Biology of the large snakehead Ophicephalus marulius (Ham.) in Bhavanisagar waters. Indian J. Fish. 20:280-301.
-
↑ Jhingran, A. G., 1984. The fish genetic resources of India. Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources. Allahabad and Maya Press Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad, l'Índia. 83 pp.
-
↑ Kapoor, D., R. Dayal i A.G. Ponniah, 2002. Fish biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, l'Índia. 775 p.
-
↑ Khuda-Bukhsh, A. R., T. Chanda i A. Barat, 1986. Karyomorphology and evolution in some Indian hillstream fishes with particular reference to polyploidy in some species. P. 886-898. A: T. Uyeno, R. Arai, T. Taniuchi i K. Matsuura (eds.). Indo-Pacific Fish Biology. Pro. 2nd International Conference on IndoPacific fishes. Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tòquio.
-
↑ Menon, A. G. K., 1999. Check list - fresh water fishes of India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Publ., Occas. Pap. Núm. 175, 366 p.
-
↑ Molur, S. i S. Walker (eds.), 1998. Freshwater fishes of India. Zoo Outreach Organisation, Tamil Nadu, l'Índia.
-
↑ Shaji, C.P., P.S. Easa i A. Gopalakrishnan, 2000. Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats. p. 33-35. A: Ponniah, A.G. i A. Gopalakrishnan. (eds.). Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats. NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., l'Índia. 1, 347 p.
-
↑ Checklist of Freshwater Fish of India (anglès)
-
↑ Abraham, R. K., N. Kelkar & A. B. Kumar, 2011. Freshwater fish fauna of the Ashambu Hills landscape, southern Western Ghats, India, with notes on some range extensions. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(3): 1585-1593. «PDF».
-
↑ Ahmed, M., 1991. A model to determine benefits obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p.
-
↑ Al-Mamun, A., 2003. A hand guide for identification of inland fishes of Bangladesh. WorldFish Centre-Bangladesh.
-
↑ Arthur, J. R. i A. B. A. Ahmed, 2002. Checklist of the parasites of fishes of Bangladesh. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper (T369/1), 77 p. «Enllaç».
-
↑ Shrestha, J., 1994. Fishes, fishing implements and methods of Nepal. Smt. M.D. Gupta, Lalitpur Colony, Lashkar (Gwalior), Índia. 150 p.
-
↑ Shrestha, T.K., 2008. Ichthyology of Nepal: a study of fishes of the Himalayan waters. Katmandú: Himalayan Ecosphere, 388 p., (104) p. of plates: col. ill., col. maps; 23 cm.
-
↑ Nichols, J.T., 1943. The freshwater fishes of China. Natural history of Central Asia: Volum IX. The American Museum of Natural History, Nova York, Estats Units, 322 p.
-
↑ Akkhathawiwat, S., 1997. Pictures of fish and marine animals from Thailand. Tercera edició, Bangkok Trade Organization Kurusapa, 325 p.
-
↑ Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn i T. Songsirikul, 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok, Tailàndia. 353 p.
-
↑ Smith, H. M., 1945. The fresh-water fishes of Siam, or Thailand. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 188:633 p.
-
↑ Hla Win, U., 1987. Checklist of fishes of Burma. Ministry of Livestock Breeding and Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Burma.
-
↑ Khin, U., 1948. Fisheries in Burma. Gov't. Printing, Yangon. 180 p.
-
↑ Kottelat, M., 1985. Fresh-water fishes of Kampuchea. Hydrobiologia 121: 249-279.
-
↑ Oo, W., 2002. Inland fisheries of the Union of Myanmar. A: T. Petr i D.B. Swar (eds.) Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 431.
-
↑ Baird, I. G., V. Inthaphaisy, P. Kisouvannalath, B. Phylavanh i B. Mounsouphom, 1999. The fishes of southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Laos. 161 p.
-
↑ Baird, I. G., 1998. Preliminary fishery stock assessment results from Ban Hang Khone, Khong District, Champasak Province, Southern Lao PDR. Technical Report. Center for Protected Areas and Watershed Management, Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Forestry Division, Champasak Province, Laos. 112 p.
-
↑ Roberts, T. R. i I. G. Baird, 1995. Rapid assessment of fish and fisheries for the Xe Nam Noy-Xe Pian hydroscheme in Southern Lao PDR. The Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane, Laos. 37 p.
-
↑ Ichthyodiversity of River Indus, at Jamshoro District, Sindh (anglès)
-
↑ Mirza, M.R. i T. Omer, 1984. A key to the identification of the freshwater fishes of Baluchistan. Biologia 30(1):73-91.
-
↑ Fuller, P. L., A. J. Benson i M. E. Neilson. 2012. Channa marulius. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. (anglès)
-
↑ Shafland, P. L., K. B. Gestring, i M. S. Stanford, 2008. Florida's exotic freshwater fishes - 2007. Florida Scientist 71(3):220-245.
-
↑ Page, L. M. i B. M. Burr, 2011. Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Segona edició. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix + 663 pp.
-
↑ NatureServe (anglès)
-
↑ Nelson, J.S., E.J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L.T. Findley, C.R. Gilbert, R.N. Lea i J.D. Williams, 2004. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 29, Bethesda, Maryland, Estats Units.
-
↑ FishBase (anglès)
-
↑ GBIF (anglès)
-
↑ Catàleg espanyol d'espècies exòtiques invasores (castellà)
-
↑ Chacko, P. I. i Kuriyan, G. K., 1947. Culture of murral fish (Ophicephalus marulius) in irrigation wells: Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. V. 47, núm. 2, p. 393-394.
-
↑ Baensch, H.A. i R. Riehl, 1997. Aquarien Atlas, Band 5. Mergus Verlag, Melle (Baixa Saxònia), Alemanya. 1148 p.
Bibliografia
- Anònim, 1996. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del museu ictiològic de la Universitat de la Colúmbia Britànica. Universitat de la Colúmbia Britànica, Vancouver, el Canadà.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution). Smithsonian Institution - Division of Fishes.
- Anònim, 2001. Base de dades de la col·lecció de peixos del Museu de Zoologia de la Universitat de Copenhaguen. Museu Zoològic de la Universitat de Copenhaguen.
- Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia del Florida Museum of Natural History, 2009. «Enllaç».
- Barat, A., 1985. A study of chromosomes in some Indian teleost (Pisces). Kalyani University, West Bengal. Ph. D. dissertation.
- Chandy, M., 1970. Fishes. Nova Delhi, National Book Trust India.
- Gopakumar, K. (ed.), 1997. Biochemical composition of Indian food fish. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, l'Índia. 44 p.
- Li, X., P. Musikasinthorn i Y. Kumazawa, 2006. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of snakeheads (Perciformes: Channidae) using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Ichthyological Research 53: 148-159.
- Museu Suec d'Història Natural, 1999. Base de dades de la col·lecció d'ictiologia. Secció d'Ictiologia, Departament de Zoologia de Vertebrats. Estocolm, Suècia.
- Nayyar, R. P., 1966. Karyotype studies in thirteen species of fishes. Genetica. 37(1):78-92.
- NBFGR, 1998. Fish chromosome atlas. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources Special Publication, Núm. 1. Lucknow, Índia, 332 p.
- Rass, T. S., 1983. Fish. Vol. 4, Life of animals. V.E. Sokolov (ed.). Moscou: Prosveschenie. 575 p.
- Thurston, R. V. i P. C. Gehrke, 1993. Respiratory oxygen requirements of fishes: description of OXYREF, a data file based on test results reported in the published literature. Pàgines 95-108. A: R. C. Russo & R.V. Thurston (eds.). Fish Physiology, Toxicology, and Water Quality Management. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Sacramento, Califòrnia, els Estats Units. 18-19 de setembre, 1990. US Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/R-93/157.
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2002. Injurious wildlife species: snakeheads (family Channidae). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register Environmental Documents. Vol. 67, Núm. 193.
- Wu, H.L., K.-T. Shao i C.F. Lai (eds.), 1999. Latin-Chinese dictionary of fishes names. The Sueichan Press, Taiwan.
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
(
Catalan; Valensian
)
fornì da wikipedia CA
![src=]()
Vista lateral
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Adult i larves
Channa marulius és l'espècie més grossa de la família de peixos dels cànnids.
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Channa marulius
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Anglèis
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Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead or great snakehead) is a large species of snakehead native to South Asia.[2] Populations in Southeast Asia are now regarded as separate species.[3][4]
Taxonomy
C. marulius—as traditionally defined—is a species complex. A study published in 2017 showed that C. pseudomarulius, formerly regarded as a synonym of C. marulius, is a valid species from the southern Western Ghats.[5] A genetic study published the same year showed that C. marulius consisted of three clearly separated lineages (not counting the already separated C. pseudomarulius).[6] One of these is C. aurolineata, revalidated in 2018 for the populations in drainages in Myanmar, Thailand, and non-natively in the United States[7] (separated from the more western C. marulius by the Indo-Burman Ranges),[3] and the other was described as a new species, C. auroflammea, from the Mekong basin in 2019.[4]In India it is a widespread native fish. In South India, it is commonly found in reservoirs, in Pechipparai, Chittar, Manimuthar, Bhvani, and Mettur dams of Tamil Nadu, and Thenmalai, Neyyar, and Idukki dams of Kerala. It can also be found in the reservoirs of Himachal Pradesh, such as the Pong Dam (Maharana Pratap Sagar), where it is known locally as soal. C. marulius is commonly known as giant murrel. In Assam, it is locally known as xal (Assamese: শাল). In Andhra and Telangana, it is called korrameenu, and is quite common in lakes and reservoirs. In Sindh, the larger one is referred to as Shakur (Sindhi: شاڪُرُ) and the smaller one as Mukur (Sindhi: مُڪُرُ).
[8] C. Marulius are also found in Sri Lankan waterways, It is found in the Nothern dry zone and where it also have two other subspecies . Channa ara and Channa cf. Ara . Channa Ara which is known as Kalumaha ( Sinhala : කලුමහ ) has a deep black body with numerous white to gold speckles on the underside. C. Ara is an endemic species to the Mahaweli River basin. It grows up to about 50-65 cm in average. Though specimens with a size around 90-100 cm were recorded in the past. They are threatened mainly due to Overfishing and collection for the ornamental fish trade.
The other subspecies of C. Marulius , Channa cf Ara , which is found in the Rivers and Tanks of South western wet zone. C. Ara grows to am average length of 55-68 cm in the wild and have a slender body shape unlike its larger subspecies , C.Ara
Culinary
Great snakehead is a fast-growing fish specie when compared to most of the others of the genus, and they are also suitable for intensive culture due to their air-breathing habit. They are being sold live and fetch high prices in the market, due to their excellent-tasting flesh and lack of fine bones.
References
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^ Chaudhry, S. (2010). "Channa marulius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T172328A6868796. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T172328A6868796.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
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^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Channa marulius" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
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^ a b Adamson, E. A. S. and R. Britz (2018). The snakehead fish Channa aurolineata is a valid species (Teleostei: Channidae) distinct from Channa marulius. Zootaxa 4514 (4): 542-552.
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^ a b Adamson, E.A.S., R. Britz and S. Lieng (2019). Channa auroflammea, a new species of snakehead fish of the Marulius group from the Mekong River in Laos and Cambodia (Teleostei: Channidae). Zootaxa 4571(3): 398-408.
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^ Britz, R., E. Adamson, R. Raghavan, A. Ali and N. Dahanukar (2017). Channa pseudomarulius, a valid species of snakehead from the Western Ghats region of peninsular India (Teleostei: Channidae), with comments on Ophicephalus grandinosus, O. theophrasti and O. leucopunctatus. Zootaxa 4299(4): 529-545.
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^ Conte-Grand, C., Britz, R., Dahanukar, N., Raghavan, R., Pethi-yagoda, R., Tan, H.H., Hadiaty, R.K., Yaakob, N.S. & Rüber, L. (2017). Barcoding snakeheads (Teleostei, Channidae) re-visited: Discovering greater species diversity and resolving perpetuated taxonomic confusions. PLoS ONE, 12 (9): e0184017.
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^ Adamson, Eleanor A. S.; Britz, Ralf (July 29, 2019). "The Mae Khlong Basin as the potential origin of Florida's feral bullseye snakehead fish (Pisces: Channidae)" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 67: 403–411 – via ZooBank.
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^ "شاڪر مڇي : (Sindhianaسنڌيانا)". www.encyclopediasindhiana.org (in Sindhi). Retrieved 2022-12-19.
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
(
Anglèis
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fornì da wikipedia EN
Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead or great snakehead) is a large species of snakehead native to South Asia. Populations in Southeast Asia are now regarded as separate species.
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Channa marulius
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Spagneul; Castilian
)
fornì da wikipedia ES
El pez cabeza de serpiente cobra (Channa marulius) es una especie nativa del Sureste Asiático pero ha sido introducido en otros países. En la India es frecuente en embalses. Es una especie capaz de respirar en el aire.
En España es una especie invasora incluida en el Anexo del Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula el listado y catálogo español de especies exóticas invasoras.
Son capaces de permanecer un par de días fuera del agua y pueden atacar incluso personas, siendo posibles las mordeduras a los pescadores cuando lo capturan.[2]
Usos
Es un pez comercial que se pesca para su consumo en economías de subsistencia. En la India los alevines se recogen en redes y se echan en los pozos de riego superficiales, donde los alimentan con desperdicios domésticos y alcanzan una longitud de 30 cm en un año, momento en que los trasladan vivos al mercado para su venta.[3]
También es empleado por en acuariología en acuarios públicos.[2]
Referencias
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↑ Chaudhry, S. (2010). «Channa marulius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015.2. (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2015.
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↑ a b Rüber, L., R. Britz y R. Zardoya, 2006. Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary diversification of labyrinth fishes (Perciformes: Anabantoidei). Syst. Biol. 55(3):374-397.
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↑ Sumaila, U.R., A.D. Marsden, R. Watson y D. Pauly, 2007. A global ex-vessel fish price database: construction and applications. J. Bioeconomics 9:39-51.
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
(
Spagneul; Castilian
)
fornì da wikipedia ES
El pez cabeza de serpiente cobra (Channa marulius) es una especie nativa del Sureste Asiático pero ha sido introducido en otros países. En la India es frecuente en embalses. Es una especie capaz de respirar en el aire.
En España es una especie invasora incluida en el Anexo del Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula el listado y catálogo español de especies exóticas invasoras.
Son capaces de permanecer un par de días fuera del agua y pueden atacar incluso personas, siendo posibles las mordeduras a los pescadores cuando lo capturan.
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Channa marulius
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Basch
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fornì da wikipedia EU
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
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Basch
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Channa marulius Channa generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Channidae familian sailkatzen da.
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Channa marulius
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Fransèis
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Channa marulius est une espèce d'Asie du sud classée comme potentiellement invasive aux États-Unis[1]. C'est un gros poisson carnivore mesurant 1 m. Il se nourrit principalement de poissons. Sa chair est prisée[2].
Notes et références
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↑ « GISD », sur issg.org (consulté le 6 octobre 2021).
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↑ Gina Sandford (trad. Jean-Max Capmarty), Encyclopédie des poissons d'aquarium, Celiv, 1996, 256 p. (ISBN 2-86535-278-1), p. Channa marulia page 196
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
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Fransèis
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fornì da wikipedia FR
Channa marulius est une espèce d'Asie du sud classée comme potentiellement invasive aux États-Unis. C'est un gros poisson carnivore mesurant 1 m. Il se nourrit principalement de poissons. Sa chair est prisée.
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Channa marulius
(
olandèis; flamand
)
fornì da wikipedia NL
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Channa marulius
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polonèis
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fornì da wikipedia POL
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Channa marulius[3] – gatunek słodkowodnej, drapieżnej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny żmijogłowowatych (Channidae). Poławiana gospodarczo i w wędkarstwie, prezentowana w akwariach publicznych.
Występowanie
Indie, Chiny, Tajlandia, Kambodża i Pakistan[2].
Opis
Największy gatunek w rodzinie żmijogłowów. W naturze dorasta do 180 cm (przeciętnie do 120 cm) długości, osiągając masę ciała ok. 30 kg. Żywi się głównie rybami, żabami, wężami i owadami[4].
W literaturze oraz serwisach akwarystycznych spotykane są opisy tego gatunku jako ryby akwariowej. Channa marulius jest jednak rybą szybko rosnącą – osiągającą ok. 30 cm w pierwszym roku życia – i bardzo drapieżną.
Przypisy
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Channa marulius: Brief Summary
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polonèis
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fornì da wikipedia POL
Channa marulius – gatunek słodkowodnej, drapieżnej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny żmijogłowowatych (Channidae). Poławiana gospodarczo i w wędkarstwie, prezentowana w akwariach publicznych.
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Cá lóc mắt bò
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vietnamèis
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fornì da wikipedia VI
Cá lóc mắt bò hoặc cá lóc khổng lồ (tên khoa học: Channa marulius) là một cá lóc có nguồn gốc từ Nam Á, nhưng đã di thực với Hoa Kỳ. Ở Nam Ấn Độ, nó thường được tìm thấy trong hồ chứa. Nó được tìm thấy tại đập Pechpparai, Chittar, Manimuthar, Bhvani và Mettur của bang Tamil Nadu và Thenmalai, đập Neyyar và Idukki của Kerala. Tại Assam nó được gọi theo tên địa phương là xaal. Nó là loài phát triển nhanh hơn hầu hết các loài khác thuộc cùng chi. Nó là một loài ăn thịt. Nó được mua bán trực tiếp và lấy giá cao trên thị trường. Thịt có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao và thịt của nó được cho là có tác dụng chữa lành vết thương và các thuộc tính thu hồi nhiệt. Nó rất thích hợp cho nuôi thâm canh do thói quen thở không khí của nó.
Nó là một loài xâm lấn tại Hoa Kỳ.[1]
Chú thích
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^ “Channa marulius”. Invasive Species Specialist Group. Ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2009. Truy cập ngày 17 tháng 7 năm 2010.
Tham khảo
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Cá lóc mắt bò: Brief Summary
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vietnamèis
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fornì da wikipedia VI
Cá lóc mắt bò hoặc cá lóc khổng lồ (tên khoa học: Channa marulius) là một cá lóc có nguồn gốc từ Nam Á, nhưng đã di thực với Hoa Kỳ. Ở Nam Ấn Độ, nó thường được tìm thấy trong hồ chứa. Nó được tìm thấy tại đập Pechpparai, Chittar, Manimuthar, Bhvani và Mettur của bang Tamil Nadu và Thenmalai, đập Neyyar và Idukki của Kerala. Tại Assam nó được gọi theo tên địa phương là xaal. Nó là loài phát triển nhanh hơn hầu hết các loài khác thuộc cùng chi. Nó là một loài ăn thịt. Nó được mua bán trực tiếp và lấy giá cao trên thị trường. Thịt có giá trị dinh dưỡng cao và thịt của nó được cho là có tác dụng chữa lành vết thương và các thuộc tính thu hồi nhiệt. Nó rất thích hợp cho nuôi thâm canh do thói quen thở không khí của nó.
Nó là một loài xâm lấn tại Hoa Kỳ.
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眼鱧
(
cinèis
)
fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Channa maruliusHamilton, 1822 眼鱧又名巨鱧（學名：Channa marulius）有曾有2個亞種，眼鱧（Channa marulius marulius）、巨鱧（学名：Channa marulius ara），但巨鱧已併入眼鱧其下。分布於亞洲印度、中國、東南亞的淡水流域。
體態
體型
雖然只有少數文獻記載眼鱧的精確體型，但我們可得知眼鱧是一種大型鱧魚，有可能是世界上最巨大的鱧亞目魚類。
特徵
眼鱧的成魚具有黑色或黑褐色的大班點，瞳孔呈紅色，具有金色、褐色以及蒼白色的花色，幼魚則是全身灰色，其最明顯的特徵是在尾部的橘色斑塊，眼鱧的體型可說是全鱧亞目之冠，一般成年體型約在1公尺以下，但在1972年與1992年發現的兩隻大型眼鱧，分別為120公分以及122公分，而在之後捕捉到的眼鱧，身長與體重是達到了183公分與30公斤，為目前的最大紀錄。
分布
眼鱧的分布極為廣泛，原產地有印度、斯里蘭卡、尼泊爾、越南、孟加拉、柬埔寨等亞洲國家，到後來因商業性之原因，引入美國，成為美國的入侵物種。
習性
棲息環境
眼鱧主要生活於河川、運河、湖泊、沼澤等，水流緩慢、水生植物生長密佈以及滿是樹根的水域，喜好於深水活動，最適合生長的溫度為攝氏24度至攝氏28度，耐汙性極高，生活於溶氧量極低的水域，為強勢物種。
食性
眼鱧是屬於雜食性的動物，但多半食物仍以肉食性為主，根據在孟加拉西部地區的調查，報告中顯示出魚類佔百分之四十，為最多，其次的甲殼綱動物佔百分之三十，水生植物佔百分之十五，其餘的水生昆蟲（包括稚蟲）與藻類，各佔百分之十與百分之五。
哺育
經濟價值
眼鱧在巴基斯坦與柬埔寨的養殖業中，並不是十分常見與盛行的魚種，相反的，印度則將眼鱧視為高級食用魚，人們通常將其與尼羅河口孵魚（吳郭魚）養殖在同一個池塘中，而其它國家也有盛行養殖眼鱧，例如泰國，為食用魚、觀賞魚及遊釣魚。目前美國因擔心遭生態破壞，而嚴格規定眼鱧的進口限制，要求水族及養殖業者須持有FFWCC特別進口許可證，才可進口。
参考文献
外部連結
扩展阅读
眼鱧: Brief Summary
(
cinèis
)
fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
眼鱧又名巨鱧（學名：Channa marulius）有曾有2個亞種，眼鱧（Channa marulius marulius）、巨鱧（学名：Channa marulius ara），但巨鱧已併入眼鱧其下。分布於亞洲印度、中國、東南亞的淡水流域。
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