Remipedia

Living specimen of Speleonectes tanumekes from the Exuma Cays, Bahamas; asterisks show location of female and male gonoporesFrom: Neiber MT, Hartke TR, Stemme T, Bergmann A, Rust J, et al. (2011) Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea). PLoS ONE 6(5): e19627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627Image URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/slideshow.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019627&imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019627.g001

Global distribution of anchialine cavesFigure 6. Global distribution of anchialine caves.Epicontinental anchialine cave systems are indicated by dots and anchialine waters on isolated seamount islands by triangles. Remipedia show a disjunct global distribution pattern, with all known species restricted to epicontinental anchialine caves. The majority of remipede species inhabit the larger Caribbean region (A), including the Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Bahamas. Isolated species occur in caves on the Canarian Island of Lanzarote (B) and in Western Australia (C). Map (modified) with kind permission of Demis (www.demis.nl).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627.g006Neiber MT, Hartke TR, Stemme T, Bergmann A, Rust J, et al. (2011) Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea). PLoS ONE 6(5): e19627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627. Available at http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0019627#pone-0019627-g003.

50% majority-rule consensus tree of Remipedia and outgroup taxaFigure 2. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of Remipedia and outgroup taxa based on a Bayesian analysis of CO1 sequence data.Bayesian posterior probability values of clades are noted at the nodes of the tree. Remipede lineages currently assigned to the family Speleonectidae and Godzilliidae are indicated in blue and red, respectively. Outgroup lineages are indicated in black.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627.g002Neiber MT, Hartke TR, Stemme T, Bergmann A, Rust J, et al. (2011) Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea). PLoS ONE 6(5): e19627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627. Available at http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0019627#pone-0019627-g003.

Map of the larger Caribbean region indicating where Remipedia occurFigure 7. Map of the larger Caribbean region.Names of islands and regions, where Remipedia occur are indicated. For detailed information on the distribution of Remipedia see Figure 4. Map (modified) with kind permission of Demis (www.demis.nl).doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627.g007From: Neiber MT, Hartke TR, Stemme T, Bergmann A, Rust J, et al. (2011) Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea). PLoS ONE 6(5): e19627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627. Available at http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0019627#pone-0019627-g003.

Global distribution of RemipediaFig. 15. Global distribution of Remipedia. Filled circle represent individual species. Horizontal lines indicate the equator, and latitudes 30º north and south of the equator. From Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Geographic distribution of Remipedia on the Bahamas and in the northwestern West IndiesFig. 14. Geographic distribution of Remipedia on the Bahamas and in the northwestern West Indies, including 12 of a total of 15 species known to science. Rectangular labels indicate occurrences of two or three sympatric species; circles show records of non-sympatric occurrences. Abbreviated taxa: Ch = Cryptocorynetes haptodiscus; Gf = Godzilliognomus frondosus; Gr = Godzillius robustus; Le = Lasionectes entrichoma; Pa = Pleomothra apletocheles; Sb = Speleonectes benjamini; Se = S. epilimnius; Sg = S. gironensis; Sl = S. lucayensis; Sp = S. parabenjamini n. sp.; Sm = S. minnsi n. sp.; St = S. tanumekes n. sp.From Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes minnsi Fig. 12 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 12. Speleonectes minnsi n. sp.; 18 mm holotype. A, maxillule; B, maxilla; C, maxilliped; D, enlarged maxillulary endite of segment 1; E, setulose spines of maxillulary segments 3 (left) and 4 (right); F, claw of maxillae and maxillipeds. Scale bar A-C = 0.5 mm.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes minnsi Fig. 10 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 10. Speleonectes minnsi n. sp.; 18 mm holotype. A, frontal filaments (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, antennule (scale bar = 0.5 mm); C, antenna (scale bar = 0.1 mm); D, right mandible (scale bar = 0.1 mm); E, enlarged lacinia mobilis (left) and incisor process (right) of right mandible; F, enlarged lacinia mobilis (left) and incisor process (right) of left mandible.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes minnsi Fig. 11 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 11. Speleonectes minnsi n. sp.; 18 mm holotype. A, labrum (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, detail of apical margin of labrum; C; anal segment and caudal rami (scale bar = 0.5 mm); D, sternal bars 4, 13 and 18 (from top).From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes minnsi Fig. 9 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 9. Speleonectes minnsi n. sp.; 18 mm holotype. A, dorsal view of body; B, first thoracopod; C, seventh thoracopod; D, 27th thoracopod; E, serrate spine; F, setulose spine. Scale bar = 0.5 mm, for B-D.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Pl. 2 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Pl. 2. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp., paratype. A, detail of left mandible (500x); B, claw of maxilliped (1000x); C, trunk sternites and sternal bars (sb) of trunk segments 2-4 (pointed posterolateral corners indicated by arrows) (90x).From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Fig. 8 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 8. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp.; 9 mm holotype. A, anal segment and caudal rami (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, sternites and sternal bars of trunk segments 2, 3, 13 and 14 (scale bar = 0.5 mm).From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Fig. 7 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 7. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp.; 9 mm holotype. A, maxillule; B, maxilla, with enlarged spine of segment 2; C, maxilliped; D, enlarged maxillulary endite of segment 2; E, long rasp-like spine of maxillulary segment 4; F, claw of maxillae and maxillipeds. Scale bar A-C = 0.5 mm.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Fig. 5 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 5. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp.; A, 13 mm paratype; B-C, 9 mm holotype. A, frontal filament (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, antennule (scale bar = 0.5 mm); C, antenna (scale bar = 0.5 mm).From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Fig. 6 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 6. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp.; 9 mm holotype. A, labrum (partly damaged; scale bar = 0.5 mm); B, left mandible, with slightly enlarged incisor process (scale bar = 0.1 mm); C, enlarged detail of right mandible. Please note that the angled appearance of the molar processes is an artefact caused by preservation.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes parabenjamini Fig. 4 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 4. Speleonectes parabenjamini n. sp.; A, 13 mm paratype; B-E, 9 mm holotype. B, first thoracopod; C, seventh thoracopod; D, thoracopod of posterior trunk; E, rasp-like spine (left) and serrate spine (right). Scale bar = 0.5 mm, for B-D.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes tanumekes Pl. 1 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Pl. 1. Speleonectes tanumekes n. sp., paratype. A, ventral view of head (60x); B, claw of maxilla (850x); C, detail of right mandible (500x); D, detail of left mandible (500x); E, female gonopore (1000x); F, male gonopore (1200x).From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes tanumekes Fig. 2 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 2. Speleonectes tanumekes n. sp.; A, 24 mm paratype; B-F, 20 mm paratype. A, frontal filaments (scale bar = 0.1 mm); B, antennule (scale bar = 0.5 mm); C, antenna (scale bar = 0.1 mm); D, labrum (scale bar = 0.1 mm); E, right mandible (scale bar = 0.1 mm); F, enlarged lacinia mobilis and incisor process of left mandible.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes tanumekes Fig. 1 from Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003Fig. 1. Speleonectes tanumekes n. sp.; A, 24 mm paratype; B-F, 20 mm paratype. B, first thoracopod; C, seventh thoracopod; D, 34th thoracopod; E, feathered seta; F, serrate spine. Scale bar = 0.5 mm, for B-D.From: Koenemann, S.; T.M. Iliffe; J. van der Ham 2003. Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands. Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4). Available at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/ctz/vol72/nr04/art04.

Speleonectes tanumekes Koenemann, Iliffe & van der Ham, 2003 (Remipedia: Nectiopoda: Speleonectidae) from Great Exuma Island.

Morlockia emersoni (Lorentzen, Koenemann, Iliffe, 2007) (Remipedia: Nectiopoda: Morlockiidae) from anchialine caves in the Dominican Republic.