There are no known adverse effects of Tarsius dentatus on humans.
Tarsius dentatus is categorized as low risk on multiple conservation lists because of their nocturnal habits, ability to adjust to disturbed habitats, and because they reside in large, protected parks such as Lora Lindi (also Lora Lindu). Despite efforts to preserve these parks, the species is still threatened by habitat destruction and hunting by humans. Lore Lindi National Park is surrounded by many agrarian communities that hunt within the park and use timber and rattan as a source of income. Similarly, Morowali Nature Reserve also protects a group of endemic slash-and-burn horticulturalists, Wana, who hunt tarsiers with dogs and blowguns and burn the land for dry rice agriculture.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
State of Michigan List: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
Predators of tarsiers are not well studied, but Gursky (2007) suggests that they include birds of prey (Falconiformes), civets (Viverra), and snakes (Serpentes). In the Merker etal. (2005) field study of Tarsius dentatus no predation was observed.
Tarsiers are easily distinguished by their size, large orbits, and elongated tarsal bones. The head of tarsiers is round with a reduced muzzle and short neck. Tarsius dentatus is larger than T. pumilus but similar in size to T. tarsius. The coat color of Dian's tarsiers is grayish-buff and the tail is naked except for some hair at the end. Tarsius dentatus can be identified by the presence of short, white hairs flanking the upper lip and in the middle of the lower lip. It can be distinguished from T. tarsier by the lack of brown pelage at the hip, thigh, or knee and darker pigmentation on the tail, fingers, toes, and nails. Tarsius dentatus also has a more conspicuous black line of fur surrounding the eyes than does T. tarsier. The ears of T. dentatus are shorter and wider than those of T. tarsier and there is a hairless patch at the base of each ear. The fur of subadults is slightly more gray and woolly than those of T. tarsier. The digits are padded to allow gripping with grasping hands and feet. The finger nails of T. dentatus are curved, pointed, and dark. Females have two pairs of mammary glands.
Because this species is nocturnal and lacks a tapetum lucidum, its eyes are enlarged to a diameter of approximately 16 mm. The eyes appear asymmetrical and not fully opened compared to those of T. tarsier. Tarsius dentatus is able to rotate its head 180 degrees. The nasal region is covered with short hair except for an area of naked skin around the nostrils. Tarsius dentatus has well-developed, laterally folded nostrils. It also has large ears, but they are short compared to those of T. tarsier.
Tarsius dentatus has a more delicate mandible than that of T. tarsier. The dental formula of this species is 2/1:1:3:3, and it has large, pointed upper and lower incisors. The upper canines are small.
Tarsiers are small and nocturnal. They do not exhibit torpor, a state of dormancy during food shortages.
Range mass: 95 to 110 g.
Average mass: 100 g.
Range length: 115 to 121 mm.
Average length: 120 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Males and females communicate with a special call known as the "male-female duet" in which females and males emit differently pitched sounds for 45 seconds at a sleeping site before dawn. There is regional variation in duet calls. The female begins calling by lowering the frequency pitch 16 to 9 kHz, continues her call at 7 or 8 to 1 kHz, and concludes by bringing the pitch back up to 9 to 16 kHz with a range of 1 to 9 kHz. Similarly, the male's pitch falls from 10 kHz to 5 kHz at the beginning and steadily rises to 14 kHz until the end. It is thought that the duets serve to prevent conflict by warning potential intruders of the claimed territory and of already paired individuals.
The species also identifies scent marks made from secreted urine and other substances from the epigastric glands.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: duets ; scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Karyotyping of this species by Niemitz et al. (1991) revealed that Tarsius dentatus has 46 chromosomes made of 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes and 17 meta- or submetacentric pairs, whereas T. syrichta has 80 chromosomes made of 7 meta- or submetacentric pairs and 33 acrocentric chromosomal pairs.
Tarsius dentatus has never been kept in captivity, but in general tarsiers in captivity live an average of 5 years with a maximum of 12 years.
This tarsier species lives both in primary and secondary lowland rainforests in central Sulawesi. Field studies reveal that the population density of T. dentatus varies from 129 to 136 individuals per square kilometer (Gursky, 2007). At an altitude of 500 to 1000 meters, population density is estimated to be 180 individuals, while at 1000 to 1500 meters, only 57 individuals per square kilometer were observed. The population was also approximately ten times more dense in secondary forests than primary forests.
Range elevation: 1500 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest
Tarsius dentatus (Dian's tarsier) from the northern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia was originally described as a new species in 1921 by Miller and Hollister. In 1991, Niemitz and coworkers characterized a purported new species named Tarsius dentatus. However, in 1997, Shekelle and coworkers proposed that T. dianae was a synonym of T. dentatus. Further analysis is required to determine whether they are the same species. Dian's tarsiers occur predominantly in central Sulawesi, an island of Indonesia. Their presence is largely determined by their vocalizations (Nietsch and Kopp, 1998). Gursky (1998, 2007) states that most members of the species live in the Morowali Nature Reserve and Lore Lindu National Park.
Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Tarsiers are primarily insectivores that hunt by visual predation and feed on crickets (Gryllidae), grasshoppers (Orthoptera), and moths (Lepidoptera). They also eat small lizards and crustaceans, such as shrimps, in captivity. Tarsiers capture prey by carefully watching prey movements and leaping forward suddenly to capture prey in both hands. The food is chewed with a side-to-side motion of the jaw while the tarsier sits on its hind limbs grasping a tree branch. Tarsiers also ingest water by lapping, or take in liquid using the tongue. However, the specific eating habits of Tarsius dentatus remain to be studied.
Animal Foods: reptiles; insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Spectral tarsiers have been a popular tourist attraction in Tangkoko, northern Sulawewsi (Fitch-Snyder, 2003). In the future, when Tarsius dentatus is better studied and more popular, Morowali Nature Reserve and Lore Lindu National Park might serve as sites for economic tourism.
Tarsiers are an ancient line of primates existing for at least forty million years. They occupy a unique primate niche and have many morphological and behavioral specializations. Tarsius dentatus is invaluable to the scientific and education communities for understanding the origin and evolution of haplorhine primates.
Positive Impacts: ecotourism ; research and education
Tarsiers capture and eat live animal prey at night. Hence, their role in the ecosystem has been compared to that of an owl. Tarsiers prefer to prey on insects active at night that experience less dramatic seasonal fluctuations in population. Tarsier predation minimizes competition because other insectivores such as bats and birds cannot easily maneuver through the dense understory of the forest at night. Tarsius dentatus also serves as a host for many common parasites. Through fecal analysis, Niemitz et al. (1991) found intestinal parasites including Entamoeba and two Digenea trematode species, none of which are present in T. tarsier.
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Although tarsiers were believed to be monogamous, studies have shown that Sulawesi tarsiers actually exhibit facultative polygyny and form strong pair bonds. Males are more territorial than females and have a greater home range. The mating system of Tarsius dentatus remains to be studied.
The mating behavior of Tarsius dentatus has not been studied. Before the onset of female ovulation, both male and female tarsiers groom themselves and mark their environment more frequently with urine and feces. Males have been observed to chase after estrous females while chirping like a bird, and they examine female genitals by sniffing. Vocalizations by both sexes also increase in frequency, and include a "piercing-twittering 'chit-chit'".
The reproductive behavior of Tarsius dentatus has not been studied. In general, tarsier females give birth to one offspring per year with a long gestation period. The rate of fetal and postnatal development of tarsiers is among the slowest of all mammals. Tarsier infants are also proportionally the largest of all non-anthropoid primate infants. Most of their mass is composed of brain mass, eyes, and cranium. The dedication of resources to the brain leads to the rapid development of foraging and locomotor behaviors.
Pregnancy is often very costly for female tarsiers. Pregnant females have low mobility, impaired foraging abilities, and maintain smaller home ranges than their non-pregnant counterparts. Furthermore, postpartum females cannot lactate and transport infants at the same time due to energy restrictions. They often "park" their offspring on a secure branch. Pregnant females were observed in a year-round study, and there appears to be no seasonal variation in mating.
Studies on T. tarsier have revealed that young tarsier females stay with their parents until adulthood, whereas young males leave as juveniles.
Breeding interval: Interbirth intervals have not been documented in Tarsius dentatus.
Breeding season: Female tarsiers have been observed pregnant year round.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 6 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
Pairs of female and male tarsiers stay together to form close bonds for at least 15 months. Tarsier infants can cling to a vertical surface. Female progeny stay with their parents until adulthood, whereas young males leave during youth. Tarsier mothers and young have been reported to exhibit reciprocal sniffing after birth as a way of recognition.
Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); extended period of juvenile learning
Tarsius dentatus és una espècie de primat nocturn endèmic del centre de Sulawesi, a Indonèsia. Té una llargada corporal d'entre 11,5 i 12 cm i una cua de 22 cm. Viu a les selves pluvials. Antigament se'l coneixia amb el nom de T. dianae, però s'ha demostrat que aquest nom és un sinònim júnior.[1]
Tarsius dentatus és una espècie de primat nocturn endèmic del centre de Sulawesi, a Indonèsia. Té una llargada corporal d'entre 11,5 i 12 cm i una cua de 22 cm. Viu a les selves pluvials. Antigament se'l coneixia amb el nom de T. dianae, però s'ha demostrat que aquest nom és un sinònim júnior.
Der Diana-Koboldmaki (Tarsius dentatus, Syn.: Tarsius dianae) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Koboldmakis. T. dentatus und T. dianae wurden als zwei getrennte Arten beschrieben, heute gelten sie als konspezifisch.
Diana-Koboldmakis sind wie alle Koboldmakis sehr kleine Primaten, sie erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 11,5 bis 12,5 Zentimetern. Der Schwanz ist mit 22 bis 25 Zentimeter deutlich länger, er ist bis auf ein Haarbüschel an der Spitze unbehaart. Das Gewicht dieser Tiere beträgt 95 bis 130 Gramm. Das Fell ist grau gefärbt. Wie bei allen Koboldmakis sind die Hinterbeine als Anpassung an die springende Fortbewegung sehr lang, auch die Fußwurzeln sind verlängert. Auffälligstes Merkmal des rundlichen Kopfes sind wie bei allen Koboldmakis die vergrößerten Augen. Vom nahe verwandten Sulawesi-Koboldmaki unterscheidet sich der Diana-Koboldmaki in den weißen Haaren an der Ober- und Unterlippe, an den auffälligeren Ringen um die Augen und weiteren Details im Schädelbau.
Diese Primaten sind auf der indonesischen Insel Sulawesi endemisch. Sie bewohnen den zentralen Teil der Insel und die östliche Halbinsel. Ihr Lebensraum sind Regen- und Mangrovenwälder, wobei sie häufiger in Sekundärwäldern vorkommen.
Diana-Koboldmakis sind wie alle Koboldmakis nachtaktive Baumbewohner, die tagsüber im dichten Pflanzenbewuchs schlafen. In der Nacht begeben sie sich auf Nahrungssuche, dabei bewegen sie sich senkrecht kletternd und springend fort. Sie bewegen sich aber häufiger als andere Koboldmakiarten auf allen vieren fort.
Die Tiere leben in Gruppen von zwei bis sieben Tieren. Gruppen setzen sich aus einem Männchen, einem bis drei Weibchen und dem gemeinsamen Nachwuchs zusammen. Die Gruppenmitglieder schlafen gemeinsam, wenn auch ohne Körperkontakt, und treffen sich auch bei der Nahrungssuche regelmäßig. Es sind territoriale Tiere, die Reviere von 1 bis 2 Hektar bewohnen. Das Revier wird mit Urin markiert.
Am Morgen lassen Diana-Koboldmakis Duettgesänge erklingen. Diese Gesänger weisen Artgenossen auf das eigene Revier hin und stärken vermutlich auch den Zusammenhalt innerhalb der Gruppe.
Diese Primaten sind wie alle Koboldmakis reine Fleischfresser. Sie ernähren sich vorwiegend von Insekten, etwa Grillen, Springschrecken und Nachtfalter. In geringem Ausmaß nehmen sie auch kleine Wirbeltiere zu sich.
Die Hauptbedrohung der Diana-Koboldmakis stellt die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraumes durch Waldrodungen dar. Weitere Gefahren sind die Bejagung durch Haustiere (wie Katzen) und der Heimtierhandel. Die IUCN listet die Art als „gefährdet“ (vulnerable).
Der Diana-Koboldmaki (Tarsius dentatus, Syn.: Tarsius dianae) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Koboldmakis. T. dentatus und T. dianae wurden als zwei getrennte Arten beschrieben, heute gelten sie als konspezifisch.
Dian's tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), also known as the Diana tarsier, is a nocturnal primate endemic to central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its head-body length is 11.5–12 centimetres (4.5–4.7 in) and it has a tail of 22 centimetres (8.7 in).[3] Dian's tarsier lives in rainforests.[3] It was formerly called T. dianae, but that has been shown to be a junior synonym.[1]
It is highly adapted to vertical clinging and leaping, like other tarsiers, and has a strict live animal diet, consisting mostly of insects.[4] Due to human intervention in the forest of South-east Asia, Dian's tarsier tends to adapt its ranging behavior based on the degree of human intervention. Slightly disturbed habitats have been shown to have little effect on the Dian's tarsier, but with larger disturbances, the habitat is less suitable.[4][2]
First claimed as a new species by Miller and Hollister in 1921.[5]
Dian's tarsier was named in 1991 in honor of the Roman goddess of hunting Diana and the late Dian Fossey.[6]
The weight of adult Dian's tarsier ranges from 100 to 150 grams.[7] This species is characterized by a greyish buff color to their wooly fur, a black spot is present on each side of the nose and white-colored fur appears on the middle lower lip and on both sides of the upper lip.[6]
Dian's tarsier is found in the primary rainforest[6] of the lower mountains of central Sulawesi.[8] It can also be found in habitat modified (disturbed) by humans such as secondary forests with logging, agroforestry or intensive agriculture.[8]
Groups can range from two to seven individuals. Each group is composed of one adult male paired with one to three adult females and their offspring, which can be male and female juveniles.[9]
Females of this species typically give birth to one child per year. Reproduction does not appear to vary by season. Dian's tarsiers use infant parking.[10]
This species is most active after dusk and before dawn. After dusk, Dian's tarsiers leave the sleeping sites they use during the day, traverse completely their home range, and go hunt for food in their home range at night where they will be more stationary during hunting and eating. Before dawn, duet vocalisation signals to other members of the group to return to the sleeping site.[4] Dian's tarsiers can travel more than 100 meters to reach their sleeping site in under 15 minutes before dawn.[7] They use forest undergrowth to move.[10]
Home ranges of mated males and females pairs overlap. There is slight overlap between the home ranges of different groups. The male home range is slightly larger than the female's in undisturbed habitat with average home ranges sizes of 1.77 hectares and 1.58 hectares respectively.[4]
This species shows sexually dimorphic morning duet vocalization. The majority of duet calls are started by the female. The female starts with a high pitched rapid series of notes. The pitch lowers towards the middle of the song where most commonly a trill will be made, other options include long notes. The pitch increases towards the end of the song. The male will sing at the same time as his mate. He sings a rapid series of notes that start with a low pitch and end in a high pitch. Songs have a median close to one minute in length. The end of the songs have more and irregularly spaced time between notes. These calls are specific to this species of tarsiers, as no other species of tarsiers responded to them.[7]
Strangler fig trees are the preferred sleeping site for Dian's tarsier. The individuals will sleep in crevices or opening in the tree. Although this species is also able to sleep in bamboo stands and dense shrubbery which are more common in degraded habitats. Members of the same group will sleep in the same site during the day. Typically, groups will return to the same sleeping site night after night,[9] though they can change site, particularly if the area was disturbed.[8] Some groups have been seen using two or more regular sites. Sleeping sites are typically located on the boundary of the home range, possibly to renew the sent of animals on their territory.[4]
Dian's tarsier eats most commonly crickets, grasshoppers and moths.[4]
Dian's tarsier species is in decline. The lowest population density found in 1998[11] was the highest population density found in 2000-2001.[8]
In Sulawesi, including in national parks such as the Lore Lindu National Park, old growth rainforest is being altered by humans. Logging of primary forest trees and illegal logging deteriorate the Dian's tarsier habitat. Other commercial avenues used on this land include: bamboo and rattan logging, and plantation of cash crops, such as cocoa and coffee, all plants that are not native to the area.[10] Between 2000 and 2017, the Dian's tarsier lost 10% of its total forest habitat and 4% of its protected forest habitat.[12]
Population density is the highest by far in undisturbed habitat at 57.1 groups/km2. All levels of disturbed habitat where Dian's tarsiers are found show similar population densities (32.9 groups/km2-38.0 groups/km2), with heavily disturbed habitats showing the lowest.[8]
Home ranges of females in low and moderate levels of human disturbed habitat are smaller than in undisturbed habitat. Home ranges in habitats heavily disturbed by humans are larger than in all other habitats. Researchers hypothesize that this is due to the increased number of insects in slightly disturbed habitat. This slightly disturbed habitat has more canopy openings which may attract more insects. The largest home ranges are in the most disturbed habitats, these also have the least insects, likely due to the use of pesticides in plantations.[4]
Nightly paths lengths are similar in males and females in undisturbed habitat. Female path length increases with increased human disturbance of the habitat.[4] Since nightly path length is related to energy expenditure, Dian's tarsiers expend more energy in more disturbed habitats.[10] Females typically cover more of their home range in one night in low and moderate levels of disturbance in their habitats.[4]
Maintaining forest habitat by stopping illegal logging, practicing agroforestry, protecting sleeping sites and preserving forest undergrowth would allow Dian's tarsier to live in a habitat with low levels of degradation. Better public knowledge that Dian's tarsier does not eat cash crops and instead eats insects, as well as reducing the use of chemical pesticides, would also help.[10]
Dian's tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), also known as the Diana tarsier, is a nocturnal primate endemic to central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its head-body length is 11.5–12 centimetres (4.5–4.7 in) and it has a tail of 22 centimetres (8.7 in). Dian's tarsier lives in rainforests. It was formerly called T. dianae, but that has been shown to be a junior synonym.
It is highly adapted to vertical clinging and leaping, like other tarsiers, and has a strict live animal diet, consisting mostly of insects. Due to human intervention in the forest of South-east Asia, Dian's tarsier tends to adapt its ranging behavior based on the degree of human intervention. Slightly disturbed habitats have been shown to have little effect on the Dian's tarsier, but with larger disturbances, the habitat is less suitable.
First claimed as a new species by Miller and Hollister in 1921.
El tarsero de Dian o tarsero dentado (Tarsius dentatus) es una especie de primate tarsiforme descrita a principios del siglo XX. Presenta un tamaño corporal de unos 11,5-12 cm y una cola de 22 cm. Es nocturno e insectívoro y sólo vive en la jungla del centro-este de Célebes. Antiguamente se denominó Tarsius dianae.[1]
El tarsero de Dian o tarsero dentado (Tarsius dentatus) es una especie de primate tarsiforme descrita a principios del siglo XX. Presenta un tamaño corporal de unos 11,5-12 cm y una cola de 22 cm. Es nocturno e insectívoro y sólo vive en la jungla del centro-este de Célebes. Antiguamente se denominó Tarsius dianae.
Tarsius dentatus Tarsius primate Haplorrhini generoko espezieetako bat da.
Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz. Tarsius dentatus Tarsius primate Haplorrhini generoko espezieetako bat da.
Tarsius dentatus
Le tarsier de Dian (Tarsius dentatus ou Tarsius dianae[1]) est une espèce de tarsier décrite au XXe siècle. Son corps mesure autour de 11,5–12 cm et sa queue 22 cm ; il a de gros yeux de 1,5 cm de diamètre. Il est nocturne et insectivore et habite les forêts de l'Indonésie.
Cette espèce est endémique de Sulawesi en Indonésie.
Pour Mammal Species of the World elle est synonyme de Tarsius dentatus (Miller et Hollister, 1921)[1].
Tarsius dentatus
Le tarsier de Dian (Tarsius dentatus ou Tarsius dianae) est une espèce de tarsier décrite au XXe siècle. Son corps mesure autour de 11,5–12 cm et sa queue 22 cm ; il a de gros yeux de 1,5 cm de diamètre. Il est nocturne et insectivore et habite les forêts de l'Indonésie.
Tarsius dentatus é unha especie de mamífero primate haplorrino tarsiiforme da familia dos tarsíidos e xénero Tarsius,[2] coñecido na bibliografía internacional como tarsio dentado ou tarsio de Dian, endémica das selvas da illa Célebes.[1].
Antigamente foi coñecido como Trasius dianae.[1][2][3]
A especie foi descrita orixinariamente en 1921 polos zoólogos estadounidenses Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr e Ned Hollister, en Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 34: 103.[2]
En 1991 Niemitz, Nietsch, Warter e Rumpler caracterizaron unha suposta nova especie que foi denominada Tarsius dianae. Porén, en 1997, Shekelle e colaboradores propuxeron que T. dianae é un sinónimo de T. dentatus. Cómpren análises adicionais para determinar se son a mesma especie.
Tarsius dentatus coñécese tamén polo sinónimo Tarsius dianae.[1][2][3]
O nome específico, dentatus, deriva do adxectivo latino dentatus, -a, -um, "dentado", "que ten dentes", aludindo aos seus grandes incisivos.
Como todos os tarsios, é un animal de pequeno tamaño, órbitas moi grandes e ósos tarsianos moi alongados, coa cabeza arredondada cun fociño reducido e o pescozo curto.
Tarsius dentatus é máis grande que T. pumilus e de tamaño similar ao de T. tarsier, xa que ten unha lonxitude de cabeza e tronco de 11,5 ou 12 cm, e unha cola de 22 cm.
A cor da capa de Tarsius dentatus é parda agrisada, e a cola está espida a excepción dunha guedella de poucos pelo ao final. Pode identificarse pola presenza de pelos curtos, brancos, flanqueando o labio superior e no medio do labio inferior, e pode distinguirse de T. tarsier pola falta de pelaxe marrón nas cadeiras, coxas e xeonllos, e pola pigmentación máis escura na cola, dedos e uñas; e tamén ten unha banda negra máis visíbel na pel que rodea os ollos que T. tarsier.
As súas orellas son máis curtas e máis anchas que as de T. tarsier, e hai un parche sen pelo na base de cada orella.
As femias teñen dous pares de glándulas mamarias.[4][5]
A súa fórmula dentaria é 2/1:1:3:3. Os incisivos superiores e inferiores son grandes e puntiagudos (ao que alude o seu nome), e os caninos superiores son pequenos.[6]
O tarsio de Dian vive nos bosques húmidos primarios e secundarios sobre todo na provincia de Sulawesi central (Célebres Centro), Indonesia. A súa presenza está determinada en gran parte polas súas vocalizacións. A maioría dos espécimes viven na Reserva da Natureza de Morowali e no Parque Nacional de Lore Lindu. Estudos de campo revelan que a densidade de poboación da especie varía de 129 a 136 individuos por quilómetro cadrado.[7]
A altitudes de 500 a 1000 m, a densidade da poboación estímase en 180 individuos/km2, mentres que de 1000 a 1500 m, observáronse só 57 individuos/km2. A poboación tamén é aproximadamente dez veces más densa nos bosques secundarios que nos primarios.[8]
Vive en grupos de menos de 8 individuos compostos por un macho adulto e dunha a 3 femias adultas e as súas crías. De hábitos nocturnos, pasan o día durmindo nun agocho en lugares con follaxe denso, troncos caídos e cavidades de árbores, e pola noite saen a cazar e a comer. Antes do mencer, os tarsios adultos e subadultos realizan duetos vocais para fortaleceren a unión do grupo e sinalar os seus territorios.[9]
Aliméntase, como os outros tarsios, de insectos e outros pequenos animais. Porén, os hábitos alimentarios específicos de Tarsius dentatus aínda non foron ben estudados.[5]
Aínda que se cría que os tarsios eran monógamos, algúns estudos demostraron que os de Sulawesi exhiben facultativamente comportamentos de polixinia (unión dun macho con varias femias), e forman fortes lazos entre o macho e as femias. Os machos son máis territoriais que as femias, e teñen territorios máis amplos.[9]
Non se estudou aínda o comportamento reprodutivo de Tarsius dentatus. En xeral, as femias dos tarsios paren unha cría por ano tras un longo período de xestación. O ritmo de desenvolvemento fetal e posnatal dos tarsios é un dos máis lentos de todos os mamíferos. As crías son tamén proporcionalmente as máis grandes de todas as dos primates non antropoideos. A maior parte da súa masa componse da do cerebro, ollos e cranio. Esta achega de recursos para o cerebro conduce á rápida evolución dos comportamientos locomotores e de forraxeo.[5]
A Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais (UICN) cualifica o status de Tarsius dentatus como VU (vulnerable) debido á perda de polo menos un 30 % do seu hábitat nos últimos 20 anos (aproximadamente, 3 xeracións). Desde 1990 até o 2000, do 15 ao 26 % dos hábitats boscosos da illa convertéronse en terreos agrícolas, e desde entón perdeuse polo menos un 10 % adicional.[1]
Todo iso a pesar dos hábitos nocturnos da especie, da súa capacidade para adaptarse a hábitats modificados e a que viven en amplas zonas protexidas. Pero pese aos esforzos por preservar eses parques, a especie aínda está ameazada por destrución do hábitat e a caza polos seres humanos. Moitas comunidades agrarias cazan dentro do Parque Nacional de Lore Lindu e doutras áreas protexidas, e utilizan a madeira e as rozas como fonte de ingresos.[9]
"Asian Primates Classification" International Journal of Primatology 25 (1): 97-164. Resumo.
Tarsius dentatus é unha especie de mamífero primate haplorrino tarsiiforme da familia dos tarsíidos e xénero Tarsius, coñecido na bibliografía internacional como tarsio dentado ou tarsio de Dian, endémica das selvas da illa Célebes..
Antigamente foi coñecido como Trasius dianae.
Il tarsio di Dian (Tarsius dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921) è un primate aplorrino della famiglia dei Tarsidi.
La specie fu classificata come a sé stante nel 1921 da Miller ed Hollister, per scorporo da T. spectrum: nel 1997, Shekelle et al., in base alle analogie fra le due specie, suggerirono la possibilità che la specie Tarsius dianae fosse in realtà un sinonimo di T. dentatus. Le due specie furono accomunate sotto il nome di Tarsius dentatus, ma dovrebbero essere svolte ulteriori analisi per determinare se effettivamente si tratti dello stesso animale o di sottospecie differenti.
Questo animale è endemico nella parte centro-settentrionale dell'isola di Sulawesi, in Indonesia: in particolare la maggior parte degli individui si concentra nella Riserva naturale di Morowali e nel Parco nazionale di Lore Lindu.
Predilige le aree di foresta pluviale primaria e secondaria attorno ai 1000 m d'altezza: in particolare, le aree di foresta pluviale secondaria poste fra i 500 ed i 1000 metri sembrano essere quelle a maggiore densità di popolazione di questo animale.
Misura una trentina di centimetri di lunghezza, di cui circa tre quarti sono occupati dalla lunga coda, per un peso che si aggira attorno ai 100 g.
Il mantello è vellutato e grigiastro: sulla punta della coda (per il resto glabra) è presente un ciuffo di peli neri. La specie è distinguibile dalle altre per la presenza di una fitta peluria biancastra che ricopre il labbro superiore e la parte centrale di quello inferiore, a mo' di pizzetto. Rispetto a T. tarsier, manca di sfumature brune su spalle e ginocchia ed ha le parti nude di colore più chiaro: inoltre, possiede un cerchio di pelo nero attorno agli occhi più largo, e le orecchie sono più corte e larghe rispetto a quest'ultimo.
I grandi occhi appaiono asimmetrici e meno sbarrati rispetto a quelli delle altre specie congeneri. La testa è grande, rotonda e può essere ruotata di 180° rispetto al corpo, per sopperire alla scarsa mobilità degli occhi nelle orbite.
La regione nasale è appiattita e ricoperta di pelo, fatta eccezione per una zona nuda attorno alle narici.
Si tratta di animali essenzialmente notturni: mancando di tapetum lucidum, hanno sviluppato in alternativa occhi enormi (fino a 2 cm di diametro, basti pensare che un uomo in proporzione dovrebbe avere occhi grandi come arance).
Sono stati documentati branchi di 7-8 individui, formati da un maschio e varie femmine coi loro cuccioli.
Durante il giorno, questi animali riposano tutti assieme in posti prestabiliti ubicati nel folto del fogliame od in cavità di tronchi d'albero: in generale, il sito dove gli animali dormono è sito nella zona periferica del territorio occupato dal gruppo, in modo tale che gli animali non devono percorrere lunghe distanze per marcare i confini.
Durante la notte, invece, questi animali si procacciano il cibo, in particolare la loro attività si articola nelle seguenti percentuali:
Prima di tornare alle proprie tane, i tarsi ingaggiano duetti cantati in perfetta sincronia fra maschi e femmine per comunicare agli altri gruppi che il territorio (dall'estensione di circa un ettaro per il maschio, più un altro mezzo ettaro ogni tre individui facenti parte del gruppo) è di loro proprietà. Per delimitare il proprio territorio, si servono inoltre di marcature con urina o ghiandole odorifere.
Rispetto ad altre specie di tarsio, questi animali si muovono maggiormente sulle quattro zampe piuttosto che spiccare balzi di ramo in ramo: inoltre, non vanno in uno stato di torpore quando il cibo scarseggia (Jablonski, 2003).
Si tratta di animali insettivori, che preferiscono cibarsi di grilli, cavallette e farfalle: in cattività, accettano anche altri tipi di cibo, come ad esempio piccoli rettili e gamberetti.
Per catturare le prede, il tarsio studia tutti i loro movimenti, per poi saltare loro improvvisamente addosso e finirle con una serie di morsi dati con un caratteristico movimento laterale della mandibola.
Non sembra esserci un particolare ciclo riproduttivo, in quanto possono essere osservate femmine con cuccioli durante tutto l'arco dell'anno: a differenza delle altre specie di tarsio, questi animali sembrano non essere particolarmente monogami, anzi è frequente osservare maschi con harem di 3-4 femmine.
Quando la femmina è nel suo periodo fertile, il maschio passa più tempo con lei, emettendo suoni simili a cinguettii, e si osservano comportamenti di grooming reciproco: inoltre ambedue i sessi emettono urina e feci più frequentemente, ed il maschio si assicura continuamente dello stato d'estro della femmina annusandole i genitali. La gestazione dura circa 6 mesi, periodo insolitamente lungo per un animale di dimensioni così piccole, al termine dei quali nasce un unico cucciolo di dimensioni piuttosto grandi, con occhi aperti e completamente ricoperto di pelo.
Poco altro si sa delle abitudini riproduttive di questi animali: pare che le femmine tendano a rimanere coi genitori anche una volta raggiunta l'età adulta, mentre i maschi preferiscono allontanarsi allo stadio di subadulto.
Anche se questo animale non è ancora stato tenuto in cattività, si pensa che la sua speranza di vita si aggiri attorno ai 10-12 anni.
Il tarsio di Dian (Tarsius dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921) è un primate aplorrino della famiglia dei Tarsidi.
La specie fu classificata come a sé stante nel 1921 da Miller ed Hollister, per scorporo da T. spectrum: nel 1997, Shekelle et al., in base alle analogie fra le due specie, suggerirono la possibilità che la specie Tarsius dianae fosse in realtà un sinonimo di T. dentatus. Le due specie furono accomunate sotto il nome di Tarsius dentatus, ma dovrebbero essere svolte ulteriori analisi per determinare se effettivamente si tratti dello stesso animale o di sottospecie differenti.
Het noordelijk celebesspookdier (Tarsius dentatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spookdier (Tarsiidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Miller & Hollister in 1921.
De soort komt voor in Indonesië.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesHet noordelijk celebesspookdier (Tarsius dentatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spookdier (Tarsiidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Miller & Hollister in 1921.
Tarsius dentatus é uma espécie társio que é endémica da região central de Sulawesi, sendo encontrada do Parque Nacional de Lore Lindu à região de Luwuk. O seu corpo tem um comprimento de 11,5 a 12 cm e uma cauda de 22 cm. Vive em florestas tropicais. Era anteriormente denominado como Tarsius dianae. Esta espécie, descrita pela primeira vez no século XX, tem uma actividade nocturna e alimenta-se de insectos.
Tarsius dentatus é uma espécie társio que é endémica da região central de Sulawesi, sendo encontrada do Parque Nacional de Lore Lindu à região de Luwuk. O seu corpo tem um comprimento de 11,5 a 12 cm e uma cauda de 22 cm. Vive em florestas tropicais. Era anteriormente denominado como Tarsius dianae. Esta espécie, descrita pela primeira vez no século XX, tem uma actividade nocturna e alimenta-se de insectos.
Tarsius dentatus (syn. T. dianae) är en art av spökdjur som lever på östra delen av centrala Sulawesi i Indonesien. Vedertaget svenskt namn saknas, men i analogi med engelska, franska och tyska kunde den kallas Dianaspökdjur. Arten upptäcktes först 1921,[2] och återupptäcktes sedan 1991 varvid den fick ett nytt namn, T dianae.[3] Snart insåg man dock att de två namnen var synonyma, och T. dentatus har prioritet.[1] Bevarandestatus: Sårbar[1]
Tarsius dentatus är en liten primat, 118 mm lång exklusive svansen, och väger 95-135 gram[4] En hona var med en vikt av 105 g lättare än en hanne som vägde 118 g.[5] Den har samma stora ögon anpassade för nattsyn som övriga spökdjur, och samma långa bakben anpassade för långa språng mellan träden.
Jämförd med spökdjur från norra Sulawesi är artens päls mer gråaktig och svansen är längre i förhållande till bålen.[5]
Liksom övriga spökdjur är Tarsius dentatus ett rent rovdjur, som jagar på natten och främst lever på insekter (skalbaggar, gräshoppor, fjärilar med mera) och små ryggradsdjur. Den lever varhelst det finns tillräckligt tät undervegation, i regnskog, mangroveskog, och även i plantager och andra störda miljöer. Socialt lever den i små familjegrupper om 2-7 individer, som kan vara monogama eller polygama.[1]
Ofta hörs två exemplar tillsammans skrika under skymningen och/eller gryningen. Det 1,1 till 1,8 hektar stora reviret markeras med doftämnen från körtlarna vid buken och nosen samt med urin.[5]
Wikispecies har information om Dian's Tarsier.
Tarsius dentatus (syn. T. dianae) är en art av spökdjur som lever på östra delen av centrala Sulawesi i Indonesien. Vedertaget svenskt namn saknas, men i analogi med engelska, franska och tyska kunde den kallas Dianaspökdjur. Arten upptäcktes först 1921, och återupptäcktes sedan 1991 varvid den fick ett nytt namn, T dianae. Snart insåg man dock att de två namnen var synonyma, och T. dentatus har prioritet. Bevarandestatus: Sårbar
Tarsius dentatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Tarsiidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Miller & Hollister mô tả năm 1921.[2]
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Tarsius dentatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Tarsiidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Miller & Hollister mô tả năm 1921.
Tarsius dentatus Miller & Hollister, 1921
Синонимы
Долгопят диана[источник не указан 788 дней] (лат. Tarsius dentatus) — вид приматов семейства долгопятовые. Ночное животное, эндемик центрального Сулавеси, Индонезия. Длина тела составляет 11,5—12 см, длина хвоста в среднем 22 см. Обитает в тропических дождевых лесах. Ранее был известен под видовым эпитетом Tarsius dianae, сейчас это считается синонимом Tarsius dentatus.[1]
Встречается в первичных и вторичных лесах, а также в мангровых зарослях. Активен преимущественно ночью. Образует небольшие группы от двух до семи особей. Хорошо лазает по деревьям и прыгает. В рационе исключительно животная пища, в основном насекомые и мелкие позвоночные.[2]
Долгопят диана[источник не указан 788 дней] (лат. Tarsius dentatus) — вид приматов семейства долгопятовые. Ночное животное, эндемик центрального Сулавеси, Индонезия. Длина тела составляет 11,5—12 см, длина хвоста в среднем 22 см. Обитает в тропических дождевых лесах. Ранее был известен под видовым эпитетом Tarsius dianae, сейчас это считается синонимом Tarsius dentatus.
Встречается в первичных и вторичных лесах, а также в мангровых зарослях. Активен преимущественно ночью. Образует небольшие группы от двух до семи особей. Хорошо лазает по деревьям и прыгает. В рационе исключительно животная пища, в основном насекомые и мелкие позвоночные.
디안안경원숭이 (Tarsius dentatus) 또는 다이내나안경원숭이는 안경원숭이의 일종이다. 야행성 영장류의 일종으로 인도네시아의 술라웨시섬 중부에서 발견된다. 몸길이는 11.5~12 cm 정도이며, 꼬리를 포함하면 22 cm 정도 된다. 디안안경원숭이는 우림에서 산다. 이전 학명은 T. dianae이었다.[1]
디안안경원숭이 (Tarsius dentatus) 또는 다이내나안경원숭이는 안경원숭이의 일종이다. 야행성 영장류의 일종으로 인도네시아의 술라웨시섬 중부에서 발견된다. 몸길이는 11.5~12 cm 정도이며, 꼬리를 포함하면 22 cm 정도 된다. 디안안경원숭이는 우림에서 산다. 이전 학명은 T. dianae이었다.
