La musaranya guarnida (Sorex ornatus) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes (Soricidae). Viu a Califòrnia (EUA) i Baixa Califòrnia (Mèxic).
La musaranya guarnida (Sorex ornatus) és una espècie de mamífer de la família de les musaranyes (Soricidae). Viu a Califòrnia (EUA) i Baixa Califòrnia (Mèxic).
The ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae (shrews).[2] It is endemic to western North America, ranging from Northern California in the United States to Baja California in Mexico.[1] Eight subspecies are known, including the extinct tule shrew (S. o. juncensis), known only from four specimens collected in 1905, and the Suisun ornate shrew (S. o. sinuosus), a species of conservation concern in California. Through skull morphology research and genetic testing on Ornate shrew populations, it has been shown that there are three main genetic subdivisions: The Southern, Central and Northern.[3][4] These three genetic subdivisions of Ornate shrew arose from populations of Ornate shrews getting geographically isolated from other populations.[3][4]
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Ornate shrews are small; they weigh on average 5.12 g (0.181 oz). The total length of the animal averages 99.4 mm (3.91 in) with a hind foot measuring 12.1 mm (0.48 in). The tail is relatively short, measuring 37.5 mm (1.48 in).[5] The shrew molts, with a change in fur coloring at different times of year. The coat is overall drab, brown on the back, trending towards a gray or buff on the underside. In winter, the backside coloring is darker brown, while the underside tends towards a grayish-white. Subspecies towards the south tend to be larger in size, and with darker markings, than those in the north.[6]Due to the large variation in the coat of the shrew, it is not a reliable means of identifying the subspecies associated with the coat. Many scientists have turned to gene sequencing and tooth morphology to be more accurate.[7]
The skull measures on average 16.3 mm (0.64 in) in length. The palate averages 6.82 mm (0.269 in) in length and the distance between the eye sockets averages 3.31 mm (0.130 in). The cranium is around 4.59 mm (0.181 in) long and 7.96 mm (0.313 in) wide.[8] The overall shape of the skull is rather flat and broad, with a depression between the eye sockets.[6]
Of all vertebrates, shrews have the largest brain-to-body mass.[9]
The tail of the shrew is bicolored, gradually ranging from brown above to more gray underneath.[6]
The dental formula for Sorex ornatus has been reported as {{{upper}}}{{{lower}}}3 1 3 31 1 1 3 × 2 = 32[10]
ITIS lists the following subspecies:[11]
The Buena Vista Lake shrew previously could have been found at the Buena Vista Lake and the Tulare Basin in the swampy areas. Drying out of lakes and nearby water has restricted the range of the shrew.[15]
There are four regions where the Buena Vista Lake shrew are found: the Kern Preserve, on the old Kern Lake bed, the Kern Fan recharge area, the Cole Levee Ecological Preserve, and the Kern National Wildlife Refuge.[15]
The Buena Vista Lake shrews are more commonly found in moist habitats that have large and dense overstories for cover. They do not migrate. They also prefer habitats that have a variety of insects, both marine and terrestrial, as a food source.[7]
The ornate shrew is found along portions of the west coast of North America and a few near shore islands. The northern extent is around 39 degrees latitude in California. The range extends south into the Baja Peninsula. There is a stretch of territory through Baja where the shrew is not found, then it is found again near the southern tip. Santa Catalina Island hosts a population of a subspecies of ornate shrew (S. o. willetti). There are reports of ornate shrews on the islands of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa as well.[6]
Ornate shrews reside among coastal marshes and palustrine environments. Shrews like dense vegetation close to a water source. At places where shrews have been captured, the environment has been more moist than dry so removing wetland habitats reduces the land for shrews.[7] Certain subspecies may be found only within specific habitats. The shrews have been found at altitudes as high as 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) in the San Jacinto Mountains.[6] Ornate shrews were once common and widespread throughout their geographic range. However, populations in sensitive ecological regions have dwindled sharply. These areas include coastal wetlands, salt marshes, and freshwater swamps. Ornate shrews are also less common or have been eliminated from areas of intensive agriculture in central California.[1]
The shrew needs to eat throughout the day because of their fast metabolism and small size.[16] They can eat more than their weight and mostly consume insects. This could be beneficial because many of the insects that they consume negatively affect crops. Depending on the time of year, shrews will eat spiders, worms, snails, and slugs.[16]
The breeding period of the ornate shrew starts in late February and ends in late September or October.[17] Shrews of similar size have a gestation period around 21 days, but no definitive information on the ornate shrew is available.[17]
A litter can consist of 4 to 6 baby shrews which are expected to live for about 12 months.[7] They do not hibernate however some species can enter a state of inactivity in harsh situations such as extreme cold.[7] Their small size means they have a quick metabolism and lose heat quickly. This is why they often have problems maintaining their body temperature, especially in colder environments. Their short life expectancy leads to a high annual turnover rate. Shrews need to eat at least 24 insects per day especially during colder seasons when a large portion of their energy goes towards staying warm.[18]
The ornate shrew primarily occupies areas of dense vegetation, which it needs for shelter from predators and places for nesting. Habitat destruction is the biggest threat to the ornate shew population.
Ornate shrews are active at both night and day but are mostly nocturnal during breeding season during spring to late summer. Typically, ornate shrews are not aggressive towards each other unless under stressful circumstances. In studies, mature shrews have been shown to become antagonistic when food and water supplies are low. Observations of interactions between male and female ornate shrews' behavioral structure is female dominant.[19]
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) lists the conservation status of the ornate shrew as "Least Concern". The rationale cited is the broad geographic range of distribution and a population stable enough that listing the animal as threatened would not be appropriate. However, they note that geographically restricted groups on the Baja Peninsula may be vulnerable due to habitat loss from human activity and other environmental stresses.
There was a small effort to save the shrew in 1988, but the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service did not take action as the habitats for shrews were destroyed. It took until 2002 for the shrew to be recognized as endangered.[20]
The tule shrew, a subspecies of the ornate shrew, is recently extinct. The Government of Mexico has enacted special legal protections for ornate shrews. There are protected areas in both Mexico and the United States where ornate shrews are found.[1] Another subspecies, the Catalina shrew (S. ornatus willetti) was photographed in 2020 after not being seen for 15 years.[21]
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) The ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae (shrews). It is endemic to western North America, ranging from Northern California in the United States to Baja California in Mexico. Eight subspecies are known, including the extinct tule shrew (S. o. juncensis), known only from four specimens collected in 1905, and the Suisun ornate shrew (S. o. sinuosus), a species of conservation concern in California. Through skull morphology research and genetic testing on Ornate shrew populations, it has been shown that there are three main genetic subdivisions: The Southern, Central and Northern. These three genetic subdivisions of Ornate shrew arose from populations of Ornate shrews getting geographically isolated from other populations.
Sorex ornatus Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Sorex ornatus Sorex generoko animalia da. Lehen Insectivora edo Soricomorpha deitzen zen taldearen barruan daude. Gaur egun Lipotyphla deitzen den taldearen barruko Soricinae azpifamilia eta Soricidae familian sailkatuta dago.
La Musaraigne ornée (Sorex ornatus) est un mammifère insectivore de la famille des Soricidae. Elle est endémique d'une zone restreinte des États-Unis et du Mexique.
C'est un animal de 8 à 10 cm de long, au pelage gris-brun, au museau allongé et pointu et au pattes courtes, ces deux derniers points lui conférant l'aspect typique des musaraignes. La queue, marron foncé au bout plus sombre, fait de 3 à 4 cm de long.
Cet insectivore se nourrit d'invertébrés recherchés sous les feuilles mortes ou les troncs d'arbre au sol. Il est extrêmement actif et consomme jusqu'à deux fois son poids de nourriture par jour[1].
La saison de reproduction dure, en Californie, de février à octobre[2]. La durée de gestation, chez cette espèce, est de 21 jours. Une portée compte en général de 4 à 6 petits, qui sont minuscules à la naissance (0,5 g). Cet animal ne vivant que de 12 à 16 mois, les adultes au printemps sont les jeunes de l'année précédente. À la fin de l'été, la plupart des jeunes de l'année précédente étant morts, les adultes de la population sont en majorité des jeunes de l'année en cours[3].
On peut trouver cette musaraigne dans une grande variété d'habitats : forêts, maquis, prairies humides ou steppes. Elle privilégie les zones à végétation dense, basse, offrant refuge à de nombreux invertébrés.
Elle ne vit que dans l'État de Californie, aux États-Unis, et au nord du Mexique (Baja California), jusqu'à 2080 m d'altitude[4].
Sorex ornatus semble génétiquement très proche de Sorex vagrans, mais aussi dans une moindre mesure de Sorex monticolus[5].
Malgré son aire de répartition restreinte, cette espèce présente plusieurs sous-espèces[6]:
L'UICN a classé cette espèce dans la catégorie LC (préoccupation mineure) depuis 1996[4]. Cependant, l'État de Californie a placé 5 sous-espèces de Sorex ornatus dans la liste des Mammal Species of Special Concern: Sorex ornatus relictus, Sorex ornatus sinuosus et Sorex ornatus willetti sont classées en priorité maximale, Sorex ornatus salicornicus en seconde priorité et Sorex ornatus salarius en liste additionnelle[7]. La sous-espèce juncencis est, quant à elle, déclarée éteinte[4].
La Musaraigne ornée (Sorex ornatus) est un mammifère insectivore de la famille des Soricidae. Elle est endémique d'une zone restreinte des États-Unis et du Mexique.
De Californische spitsmuis (Sorex ornatus) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de spitsmuizen (Soricidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Merriam in 1895.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Sorex ornatus[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1895. Sorex ornatus ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Denna näbbmus förekommer i västra USA i delstaten Kalifornien samt på halvön Baja California (Mexiko). Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2080 meter över havet. Arten lever i den låga vegetationen nära vattenansamlingar som insjöar, dammar och havet. Den hittas även i andra gräsmarker och i skogsgläntor. Antagligen vilar Sorex ornatus i underjordiska bon som skapades av andra djur.[1]
Arten når en absolut längd av 89 till 108 mm, inklusive en 32 till 44 mm lång svans. Den har 12 till 13 mm långa bakfötter och cirka 6 mm långa öron. Vikten är 3 till 7 g. Pälsen har allmänt en brun färg och individer från norra delen av utbredningsområdet är mörkbruna. Svansen är tydlig uppdelad i en mörk ovansida och en ljus undersida. Sorex ornatus kan lätt förväxlas med Sorex monticolus och Sorex vagrans.[10]
Arten äter insekter som lever i marken. Parningen sker från februari till sommaren och en kull har 3 till 5 ungar.[10]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[8]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Sorex ornatus.
Wikispecies har information om Sorex ornatus.
Sorex ornatus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Clinton Hart Merriam 1895. Sorex ornatus ingår i släktet Sorex och familjen näbbmöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
Denna näbbmus förekommer i västra USA i delstaten Kalifornien samt på halvön Baja California (Mexiko). Den vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2080 meter över havet. Arten lever i den låga vegetationen nära vattenansamlingar som insjöar, dammar och havet. Den hittas även i andra gräsmarker och i skogsgläntor. Antagligen vilar Sorex ornatus i underjordiska bon som skapades av andra djur.
Arten når en absolut längd av 89 till 108 mm, inklusive en 32 till 44 mm lång svans. Den har 12 till 13 mm långa bakfötter och cirka 6 mm långa öron. Vikten är 3 till 7 g. Pälsen har allmänt en brun färg och individer från norra delen av utbredningsområdet är mörkbruna. Svansen är tydlig uppdelad i en mörk ovansida och en ljus undersida. Sorex ornatus kan lätt förväxlas med Sorex monticolus och Sorex vagrans.
Arten äter insekter som lever i marken. Parningen sker från februari till sommaren och en kull har 3 till 5 ungar.
Sorex ornatus — вид роду мідиць (Sorex) родини мідицевих.
Країни поширення: Мексика, США (Каліфорнія). Живе від рівня моря до 2080 м над рівнем моря. Його місцем існування є морські й прісноводні болота; низька, густа рослинність, прилегла до річок, озер і струмків; трав'янистих схили і чапараль, а іноді сусідні ліси.
Ізольовані популяції в Нижній Каліфорнії уразливі для вторгнення людини. Зустрічається в охоронних районах.
Sorex ornatus — вид роду мідиць (Sorex) родини мідицевих.
Sorex ornatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1895.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Sorex ornatus tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết liên quan đến họ Chuột chù này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Sorex ornatus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chuột chù, bộ Soricomorpha. Loài này được Merriam mô tả năm 1895.
오네이트뒤쥐(Sorex ornatus)는 땃쥐과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 멕시코 바하칼리포르니아주와 미국 캘리포니아주의 토착종이다.[1]
