Comments
(
Anglèis
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fornì da eFloras
Potamogeton diversfolius is very likely the most common species of Potamogeton the genus in the southeastern United States. It has been separated into two species, P. diversifolius in the strict sense and P. capillaceus (M. L. Fernald 1932). The species has also been divided into two varieties, var. diversifolius and var. trichophyllous Morong (D. O S. Correll and M. C. Johnston 1970) . Potamogeton diversifolius var. trichophyllous actually is misapplied, as the name really refers to the more northern P. bicupulatus Fernald. We are following E. J. Klekowski Jr. and E. O. Beal (1965) in accepting only one taxon, as we have studied the species over much of its range and reached similar conclusions.
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Description
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Anglèis
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Rhizomes present. Cauline stems compressed, without spots, 10--35 cm; glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves both submersed and floating or floating absent, ± spirally arranged. Submersed leaves sessile, lax; stipules persistent to deliquescent, inconspicuous, convolute, adnate to blade ½ stipule length, light brown to red-brown, ligulate, 1.5--2.3 cm, not fibrous, not shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade red-brown to light green, linear, often arcuate, 1--1.3 cm ´ 0.1 mm, base slightly tapering, without basal lobes, not clasping, margins entire, not crispate, apex not hoodlike, acute, lacunae present, 1--2 rows each side midrib; veins 1. Floating leaves petiolate; petioles continuous in color to apex, 0.7--0.8 cm; blade adaxially light green, obovate to elliptic, 0.8--1.6 cm ´ 3--8.5 mm, base acute, apex round to acute; veins 3--7. Inflorescences unbranched; peduncles dimorphic, submersed axillary, recurved, clavate, 3--5 mm, emersed axillary or terminal, erect to slightly recurved, clavate, 6--15 mm; spikes dimorphic, submersed capitate, 2--3 mm, emersed cylindric, 5--9.7 mm. Fruits sessile, greenish brown, orbicular, compressed, abaxially winged, laterally winged, 1--1.5 ´ 0.9--2 mm, lateral wings with sharp points; beak present, erect, 0.1 mm; sides without basal tubercles; embryo with more than 1 full spiral.
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Distribution
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Anglèis
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Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo. ; Mexico.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Anglèis
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Flowering and fruiting spring--fall.
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Habitat
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Anglèis
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Ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers; 5--2500m.
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Synonym
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Anglèis
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Potamogeton capillaceus Poiret
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Comprehensive Description
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da North American Flora
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. Med. Repos. II. 5 : 354. 1808
Potamogeton hybridus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 101. 1803. Not P. hybridus Thuill. 1799.
(Potamogeton porcatum Muhl. Cat. 18. 1813.
Potamogeton seiaceus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 120. 1814.
Potamogeton capillaceum Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 4 : 535. 1816.
? Potamogeton Zetterstedtii Wallr. Bot. Zeit. 1 : 256. 1843.
Potamogeton diversifolius multi-denticulaius Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 3 2 : 48. 1893.
Potamogeton diversifolius iricophyllus Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 3 2 : 49. 1893.
Stem simple, or the submerged part much branched ; floating leaves petioled ; blades coriaceous, elliptic-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed into a slender petiole at the acute base, 4.5-11 mm. wide, 1.1-2.4 cm. long; petioles longer or shorter than the leaf -blades ; stipules obtuse or truncate, free from the petiole, 4-9.3 mm. long; submerged leaves capillary or narrowly linear, 0.4-0.9 mm. wide, sometimes up to 4 cm. long; stipules as in the floating leaves, but mostly adnate to the petioles or leaf-bases ; emersed spikes cylindric, 3.5-7 mm. long, the peduncles twice as long as the spike or longer, and as thick as the petioles of the floating leaves ; submerged spikes shorter, subglobose, the peduncles 4-6.5 mm. long; nutlets deeply pitted and 3-keeled, the keels often bearing numerous bristles or teeth ; embryo a complete spiral and coiled 1>£ times, the curved apex pointing inside the base and upward.
Type locality : Carolina.
Distribution : New Hampshire to California, south to Florida and northern Mexico. Also in Cuba.
- sitassion bibliogràfica
- Percy Wilson, Per Axel Rydberg, Norman Taylor, Nathaniel Lord Britton, John Kunkel Small, George Valentine Nash. 1909. PANDANALES-POALES; TYPHACEAE, SPARGANACEAE, ELODEACEAE, HYDROCHARITACEAE, ZANNICHELLIACEAE, ZOSTERACEAE, CYMODOCEACEAE, NAIADACEAE, LILAEACEAE, SCHEUCHZERIACEAE, ALISMACEAE, BUTOMACEAE, POACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 17(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Potamogeton diversifolius
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da wikipedia EN
Potamogeton diversifolius is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names waterthread pondweed and diverse-leaved pondweed. It is native to most of the United States, as well as sections of southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. This is a perennial herb producing a very narrow, compressed stem branching to a maximum length around 35 centimeters. It has thin, pointed linear leaves a few centimeters long spirally arranged about the thin stem. The inflorescence is a small spike of flowers emerging from the water surface. Inflorescences also grow on submersed sections of the stem; these are smaller and spherical. It can be difficult to distinguish from similar species of pondweed.
Description
Potamogeton diversifolius is a vascular aquatic plant that is sometimes known as waterthread pondweed or diverse-leaved pondweed. Some synonyms are Potamogeton capillaceus var. atripes, Potamogeton capillaceus and Potamogeton diversifolius var. multidenticulatus.[1] The plant has dimorphic leaves and is thread like. The leaves are both floating and submerged in water. The floating leaves tend to usually have 7-11 distinct veins, are elliptic and oval in outline.[1] They submerged leaves are alternating, smaller and only usually have 3 veins. Submersed leaves have stipules at the base of the leaf petiole that forms a sheath around the stem.[1] The plant is pale green is in total 0.78-2.5 inches long and 0.02-0.06 inches wide. The plant is a perennial with multi-branched stems extending between 40 and 80 cm long.[2] Stipules of the submersed leaves are fused at the base of the leaf blade and 4–10 mm long[3] The fruits are almost disk-shaped and tend to curve inward towards each other.[4] They also usually have lateral keels and are 0.9 to 2.0 mm in diameter.[5] Flowers range between 1-15 with spikes that are dimorphic. Seeds are formed in clusters. The clusters range from 1-15 and on the stalks of submersed leaves. The floating leaves have lindrical spikes that contain seeds ranging from 5-120 in the axils.[6] The plant blooms red with flowers and fruits throughout June to December. The waterthread pondweed has a stem that is horizontal, threadlike and cylindrical with the root branching off of that. Rooting occurs at the nodes of the plants.[7] The elliptical floating and submersed leaves and the distinctive veins help to distinguish the plant from other types of pondweeds.[1]
Taxonomy
The order of the plant is Alismatales, the family is Potamogetonaceae and the genus is Potamogen. The taxonomy of this plant has been debated for years and yet still is a confusing situation. It has been separated into two different species P. diversifolius in the strict sense and P. capillaceus (M, L. Fernald 1932).[8] Since then the species has also been divided into varieties, var. diversifolius and var. trichophyllus (D. S. Correl l and M. C. Johnston 1970).[8] The variety of trichophyllus has been found to be misapplied. We are now following E. J. Klekowski Jr. and E.O. Beal (1965) in only accepting one taxon.[8] Potamogeton diversifolious was found to be a subsection of the genus known as Hybridi.[9]
Uses
Potamogeton diversifolius is known to be used as food for at least approximately 124 animals. The plant provides a habitat for many micro- and macroinvertebrates. After the plant dies decomposition by bacteria and fungi provides food invertebrates.[4] The seeds are eaten by waterfowl. Leaves are eaten by fish and invertebrates. Potamogeton diversifolius is known to be a host of aquatic fungi.[10] In a study on the food of game ducks it was recorded that 11.04% of their food was Potamogeton diversifolius within 247 locations in the United States and Canada.[11] The proportion of P. diversifolius in the diet of game ducks along the Atlantic coast was 11.73%, 13.29% in eastern region, 6.06% in Mississippi region, 3.99% at the gulf coast, 16.29% in western region, 12.14% in Pacific coast, 12.73% in western Canada and 12.47% in eastern Canada.[11]
Distribution
Potamogeton diversifolius can be found in shallow bodies of water including streams, ponds and shallow sections of the lakes.[12] This species is one of the most numerous and widely distributed pondweeds throughout the North America and can be found in 43 US States. This pondweed is in different types of still waters such as pools, ponds, lakes, and even some streams.[13] The plant is currently listed as invasive in Cuba.[14] Water thread pondweed can be found in fresh water. In an experiment involving fish predation scientists discovered that Potamogeton diversifolius was only found within fish free enclosures.[15] P. diversifolius occurs scattered throughout the United States except for the New England states.[11] In recent years the species has been found in newly excavated ditches that contain clay like soil.[11] The species has been found at elevations as high as 2744 m[16] Potamogeton diversifolius has been found in both full sunlight and partial shade.[16] Potamogeton diversifolius occurs in northern Mexico and in Cuba.[17]
Management
Herbarium Sheet of
Potamogeton pusillus L.
This species is sensitive to water quality.[18] Potamogeton diversifolius requires both high water levels and sunlight.[19] There currently are no threats to this plant, the global conservation status rank of this species is G5. Dicchlobenil is one of the herbicides that has been proven to be effective in controlling pondweeds.[20] Water thread pond weed can be removed easily by scooping, raking or gathering it from the pond, but will regrow roots, fragments, and seeds. One way to reduce P. diversifolius growth in water is the application of non-toxic dyes to help reduce the amount of sunlight penetration in water. Water thread pondweed can be propagated by either seeds or transplanting of the roots during early spring into shallow, clear water.[21]
References
-
^ a b c d "waterthread pondweed Potamogeton diversifolius Weed Profile - Weed Identification". weedid.cals.vt.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
-
^ "Potamogeton diversifolius (waterthread pondweed)". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
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^ "Potamogeton diversifolius (waterthread pondweed)". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
-
^ a b "Waterthread Pondweed - AquaPlant: Management of Pond Plants & Algae". AquaPlant. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
-
^ Reznicek, A. A.; Bobbette, R. S. W. (1976). "The Taxonomy of Potamogeton Subsection Hybridi in North America". Rhodora. 78 (816): 650–673. ISSN 0035-4902. JSTOR 23313612.
-
^ "Water-thread Pondweed (Potamogeton diversifolius) - Wisconsin DNR". dnr.wi.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
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^ "Waterthread Pondweed - AquaPlant: Management of Pond Plants & Algae". AquaPlant. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
-
^ a b c Committee, Flora of North America Editorial; Morin, Nancy R. (1993). Flora of North America: North of Mexico Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae(in Part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-513729-3.
-
^ "New England Botanical Club Les Mehrhoff Botanical Research Award". Rhodora. 122 (991). 2021-08-20. doi:10.3119/0035-4902-122.991.238. ISSN 0035-4902. S2CID 237245456.
-
^ Mohamed 1-6.pdf (jsrr.net)
-
^ a b c d Martin, Alexander Campbell; Uhler, Francis Morey (1939). Food of Game Ducks in the United States and Canada. U.S. Department of Agriculture.
-
^ "| Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants | University of Florida, IFAS". plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
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^ "Vascular Plants of North Carolina". auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
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^ "Potamogeton diversifolius Raf". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
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^ Martin, T. H.; Crowder, L. B.; Dumas, C. F.; Burkholder, J. M. (1992-04-01). "Indirect effects of fish on macrophytes in Bays Mountain Lake: evidence for a littoral trophic cascade". Oecologia. 89 (4): 476–481. doi:10.1007/BF00317152. ISSN 1432-1939. PMID 28311876. S2CID 24770008.
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^ a b Les, Donald H. (2020-05-10). Aquatic Monocotyledons of North America: Ecology, Life History, and Systematics. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-67969-5.
-
^ North American Flora. New York Botanical Garden. 1909.
-
^ "Water-thread Pondweed (Potamogeton diversifolius) - Wisconsin DNR". dnr.wi.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
-
^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
-
^ Walker, Charles R. (October 1964). "Dichlobenil as a Herbicide in Fish Habitats". Weeds. 12 (4): 267–269. doi:10.2307/4040750. JSTOR 4040750.
-
^ "How to Control Waterthread Pondweed - AquaPlant: Management of Pond Plants & Algae". AquaPlant. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
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Potamogeton diversifolius: Brief Summary
(
Anglèis
)
fornì da wikipedia EN
Potamogeton diversifolius is a species of aquatic plant known by the common names waterthread pondweed and diverse-leaved pondweed. It is native to most of the United States, as well as sections of southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico, where it grows in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, ditches, and slow-moving streams. This is a perennial herb producing a very narrow, compressed stem branching to a maximum length around 35 centimeters. It has thin, pointed linear leaves a few centimeters long spirally arranged about the thin stem. The inflorescence is a small spike of flowers emerging from the water surface. Inflorescences also grow on submersed sections of the stem; these are smaller and spherical. It can be difficult to distinguish from similar species of pondweed.
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Potamogeton diversifolius
(
vietnamèis
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fornì da wikipedia VI
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Potamogeton diversifolius: Brief Summary
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vietnamèis
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fornì da wikipedia VI
Potamogeton diversifolius là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Potamogetonaceae. Loài này được Raf. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1808.
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