dcsimg

Associations ( Anglèis )

fornì da BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / sap sucker
nymph of Amblytylus nasutus sucks sap of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Cephus nigrinus feeds within stem of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / spot causer
Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph of Drechslera poae causes spots on live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / pathogen
colony of Fusarium anamorph of Fusarium poae infects and damages culm of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / sap sucker
Neottiglossa pusilla sucks sap of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Other: major host/prey

Foodplant / spot causer
epiphyllous uredium of Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis causes spots on live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / parasite
hypophyllous telium of Puccinia coronata parasitises live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Remarks: season: mid 8-

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
linear telium of Puccinia graminis f.sp. poae parasitises live stem of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / parasite
plentiful, in short rows telium of Puccinia poarum parasitises live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / spot causer
Spermospora anamorph of Spermospora poagena causes spots on live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / parasite
embedded sorus of Urocystis poae parasitises live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Remarks: Other: uncertain

Foodplant / parasite
mainly hypophyllous telium of Uromyces dactylidis parasitises live leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.

Foodplant / spot causer
long, linear, erumpent sorus of Ustilago striiformis causes spots on live, blistered leaf of Poa pratensis sens.lat.
Other: minor host/prey

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Análisis de riesgo ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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6.1.4 Salud

La presencia de cianoglucósidos en cantidades pequeñas puede afectar al ganado bovino (Correa, 1978).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Conabio

Comportamiento ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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7.5 Plasticidad ambiental y tolerancia

No es resistente a la acidez ni a la alcalinidad, tampoco es planta de terrenos pobres, infértiles o con escasez de aquellos fertilizantes minerales como la cal, fósforo y la potasa. No tolera la sequía. Tolera un pH de 5.0 a 8.4 (Cantú-Brito, 2006).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Descripción ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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1.1 Descripción de la especie

Culmos rizomatosos en macollas densas, de 20 a 60 (-100) cm de altura. Vainas lisas o escábridas. Lígulas de 0.2 a 3 mm de largo, truncada. Láminas planas o conduplicadas, de 10 a 30 cm de largo por 2 a 3 mm de ancho. Inflorescencia una panícula abierta, piramidal, de 5 a 15 cm de largo por 3 a 5 cm de ancho, ramas flexuosas, desnudas en la mitad o 2/3 inferiores. Espiguillas (2-) 3 a 5-flosculadas, de 4 a 6 mm de largo, verdes o purpúreas. Glumas ligeramente desiguales, escábridas en la quilla, la primera de 2 a 3 mm de largo, 1 o 3-nervada, la segunda 2.6 a 3.7 mm, 3- nervada. Lemas de 2 a 3 (-4) mm de largo, obtusas o agudas, la quilla y nervios laterales pilosos, con un mechón de pelos lanosos muy notorio en la base. Páleas escabriúsculas en las quillas, de 2 a 3 mm de largo. Flor con anteras de 1.5 a 2 mm de long; cariópside encerrado, oblongo de 1.6 mm de long, glabro (Beetle, et al., 1999; Burkart, 1969 &Rzedowski &Rzedowski, 2001).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Conabio

Dispersión ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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4.3 Forma de dispersión o propagación

Se reproduce por semilla y vegetativamente por rizomas.
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Esperanza de vida ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da Conabio
4.7 Longevidad

Perenne (Beetle et al. 1999).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Conabio

Hábitat ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da Conabio
3.4 Hábitat- SNIB - CONABIO, 2007

Habita en lugares húmedos, lechos de ríos, claros de bosques y lugares abiertos (Beetle et al. 1999).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Reproducción ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da Conabio
4.5 Reproducción

Crece satisfactoriamente durante el invierno y la primavera, pero presenta poca actividad en el verano (Langer &Hill 1991).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Conabio

Usos ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da Conabio
Agropecuario

Su valor forrajero es bueno tanto para ganado como para la fauna silvestre, este zacate provee de buen forraje durantes las estaciones frías del país (Cantú-Brito, J. E. 2006).

1.8 Usos de la especie

En áreas donde se reporta como invasora es usada para formar jardines y prados, también resiste a la sombra de los árboles y por eso se utiliza en la formación de las praderas arboladas. Ayuda en la prevención de la erosión con pendiente debido a su denso y vigoroso sistema radicular y a la formación de sitios densos. En áreas adyacentes a los ríos la presencia de esta especie es indicador de un pobre manejo de la recreación o del pastoreo (Cantú-Brito, J. E. 2006).
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CONABIO
sitassion bibliogràfica
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie Poa pratensis. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Basado en: Valdés Reyna, J. 2008. Gramíneas invasoras del noreste de México. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO proyecto EK002. México, D.F.
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Comments ( Anglèis )

fornì da eFloras
Poa pratensis is a valuable species for soil stabilization and forage. Its taxonomy is complicated by the occurrence of facultative apomixis and an extensive polyploid series. It comprises many local and variable, widespread races. It is possible to recognize the widespread forms as subspecies, but there are many intermediates between them that do not fit well and we can only treat them as P. pratensis s.l. The type of P. florida appears to belong to this species, but has many more florets per spikelet (6–9) than is usual.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 260, 269, 271, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 305 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da eFloras
Loosely to densely tufted green or greyish-green rhizomatous perennial; culms (15-) 20-70(-90)cm high, erect or geniculately ascending. Leaf-blades flat, folded or bristle-like, 3-40cm long, 0.8-4(-6) mm wide, abruptly contracted to a blunt hooded tip, scabrid on the margins; ligule blunt, 1(-3)mm long. Panicle lanceolate, ovate, pyramidal or oblong, 6-15(-20)cm long, erect or nodding, loose and open to contracted and rather dense; branches 3-5 at the lower nodes, ascending or spreading, flexuous, scaberulous. Spikelets 2-5-flowered, ovate or oblong, 2.5-6mm long ; glumes unequal, the lower ovate, 1.5-3.5mm long, 1-nerved, the upper ovate or elliptic, 2-4mm long, 3-nerved; lemmas oblong to oblong-ovate in side-view, 2-4mm long, blunt or subacute, ciliate on the keel and marginal nerves, with very copious wool at the base; palea as long as the lemma, scabrid along the keels; anthers 1.5-2mm long.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 410 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da eFloras
Perennials, loosely tufted or with isolated shoots, strongly rhizomatous, often forming turf; shoots extra- and often intravaginal. Plants green to pale or yellowish green, or purplish to strongly grayish glaucous. Culms 10–120 cm, 1–2.5 mm in diam., erect or decumbent, 1 to several per tuft, smooth, nodes (1–)2–4, 1 or 2 exserted. Leaf sheaths moderately compressed and keeled, uppermost closed for (1/4–)1/3–2/5 of length, smooth or infrequently retrorsely scabrid or pilulose; blades flat or folded, papery to thickly papery, 1–5 mm wide, surfaces smooth or sparsely scabrid, margins scabrid, adaxially glabrous or frequently sparsely hispidulous to strigulose, of tillers, flat or folded with margins inrolled, intravaginal ones when present often folded, 0.5–2 mm wide, extravaginal ones flat or folded (1–)1.5–5 mm wide; ligule whitish, 0.5–4(–5) mm, abaxially nearly smooth to densely scabrid, apex truncate to rounded, often finely scabrid to ciliolate or pilulose. Panicle loosely contracted to open, oblong to broadly pyramidal, erect or slightly lax, (2–)5–20(–25) cm, longest internodes 1–4.2 cm; branches steeply ascending to widely spreading, (2–)3–5(–9) per node, rounded or distally angled, nearly smooth to distally scabrid with hooks on and between angles, longest branch 1.5–5(–10) cm with (3–)7–18 spikelets in distal 1/3–2/3, sometimes clustered distally. Spikelets ovate, green or grayish, frequently purple tinged, 3–7(–9) mm, florets 2–5(–9); vivipary absent in China; rachilla internodes 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, smooth, glabrous (rarely sparsely pilulose); glumes subequal, strongly keeled, keels and sometimes lateral veins dorsally scabrid, first glume 1.5–3(–4) mm. 1–3-veined, upper glume 2–4 mm, 3(or 5)-veined; lemmas ovate to lanceolate (or narrowly lanceolate), 2.5–4(–5) mm, apex slightly obtuse to acuminate, keel villous for 3/4 of length, marginal veins to 1/2 length, intermediate veins prominent, glabrous (rarely sparsely pilulose), glabrous between veins, minutely bumpy, sparsely scabrid distally; callus webbed, hairs as long as lemma, frequently with less well-developed tufts from below marginal veins; palea usually narrow, glabrous or with sparse hooks, usually minutely bumpy, glabrous between keels, keels scabrid, infrequently medially pilulose in subsp. pruinosa. Anthers (1.2–)1.4–2.5(–2.8) mm, infrequently poorly formed, but not vestigial. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28–144.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 260, 269, 271, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 305 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras

Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, Pacific Islands, South America].
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drit d'autor
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 260, 269, 271, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 305 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Temperate to arctic, moderately moist to wet conditions, from coastal meadows to forest shade, to alpine and tundra, often in disturbed sites; 500–4400 m.
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drit d'autor
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 260, 269, 271, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 305 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Synonym ( Anglèis )

fornì da eFloras
Poa florida N. R. Cui.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
sitassion bibliogràfica
Flora of China Vol. 22: 260, 269, 271, 275, 278, 279, 282, 283, 305 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
sorgiss
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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eFloras

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: codominant, cover, density, fire use, prescribed fire, restoration, woodland

In the Mountain West, Kentucky bluegrass is often more abundant in
recently burned areas than in nearby unburned areas.  Sampling 2- to
36-year-old burns in sagebrush/grassland habitat types in southeastern
Idaho, Humphrey [56] found that Kentucky bluegrass was more abundant in
recent than in old burns.  McKell [76] compared four different-aged
burns in the Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) zone of north-central Utah.
Kentucky bluegrass cover and density were higher 1 year after a November
fire and 2 years after a January fire, but on 9- and 18-year-old burns
cover and density were the same as on nearby unburned areas.

In the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon, Kentucky bluegrass was a
codominant grass in open ponderosa pine stands that were burned annually
in the spring for 16 years [123].


The following Research Project Summaries provide information on prescribed

fire use and postfire response of plant community species including

Kentucky bluegrass:
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Common Names ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
Kentucky bluegrass
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Cover Value ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: cover, selection

Kentucky bluegrass provides good cover for small mammals and nongame
birds.  For waterfowl and upland game birds, cover value is fair to
good, depending upon species.

Where abundant, Kentucky bluegrass is preferred nesting cover of
blue-winged teal.  In the Midwest, bluegrass fields are used extensively
for nesting by this duck [8].

Kentucky bluegrass provides poor nesting cover for the ring-necked
pheasant [39].  In south-central South Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass was
important to nesting sharp-tailed grouse, occurring at 84 percent of all
nests [42], however, on the Sheyenne National Grasslands in southeastern
North Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass was seldom used by nesting
sharp-tailed grouse or prairie chickens [70].  Because upland game birds
require dense, residual cover for nesting in the spring, cattle grazing
greatly influences nest site selection [42].
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: cool-season

Kentucky bluegrass is an introduced, perennial, short to medium-tall,
cool-season, sod-forming grass.  The leaves are primarily basally
attached and are usually 4 to 12 inches (10-30 cm) long [100].  Stems
are numerous in a tuft and grow 12 to 36 inches (30-91 cm) high.  The
inflorescence is an open panicle.  Kentucky bluegrass is shallow rooted
and is intolerant of drought.  Most roots and rhizomes are found within
3 inches (7.5 cm) of the soil surface [40].
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
Kentucky bluegrass is widely distributed across North America growing in
every state and Canadian province.  It is adapted for growth in cool,
humid climates, and is most prevalent in the northern half of the United
States and the southern half of Canada.  It is not common in the Gulf
States nor in desert regions of the Southwest [125].
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cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: density, fire regime, grassland, prescribed fire, seed

During grassland fires, the fire front passes quickly and temperatures 1
inch (2.5 cm) below the soil surface rise very little [24].  During a
late April prescribed fire in an oak savanna in Minnesota, where
Kentucky bluegrass formed an almost complete sod between bunches of
native tallgrasses, temperatures immediately below the soil surface
rarely exceeded 125 degrees Fahrenheit (51 deg C) [108].  Located a
couple of inches below the soil surface, Kentucky bluegrass rhizomes
survive and initiate new growth after aboveground plant portions are
consumed by fire.  Although the plant survives because of soil-insulated
rhizomes, postfire plant vigor and density are greatly affected by
phenological stage at time of burning (see Fire Effects On Plant).

Seedling establishment is unimportant in immediate postfire recovery.
However, burning may enhance seed germination of Kentucky bluegrass
during the second postfire growing season.  On an Iowa prairie
codominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var. gerardii),
Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), and Kentucky bluegrass, Kentucky
bluegrass seedlings were more abundant in 1986 on plots burned in May,
June, August, or November of 1985 than on unburned plots [131].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
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cc-publicdomain
sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: cool-season, cover, frequency, prescribed fire, seed, warm-season

Burning for bluegrass control:  Frequent (annual or biennial) late
spring burning can be used to control Kentucky bluegrass and promote the
growth of warm-season grasses in the Midwest.  The timing of burning is
critical and should take place just prior to the resumption of
warm-season grass growth.  Such burning favors warm-season grasses
because they are dormant at the time of burning.  Conversely,
cool-season species like Kentucky bluegrass are harmed by late spring
fire because they resume growth in the early spring and are thus
actively growing at the time of burning.

In mixed-grass prairie, mid-May has proven to be the most effective time
to burn for Kentucky bluegrass control and has resulted in concomitant
increases in warm-season grasses [31,83].  In native bluestem prairie in
eastern Kansas, Kentucky bluegrass has been nearly eliminated from sites
annually spring burned for decades [112].  In aspen parkland in
northwestern Minnesota, 13 years of annual spring burning in late April,
when bluegrass was 4 to 6 inches high (10-15 cm), reduced Kentucky
bluegrass to about half its original percent composition [107].  After
10 years of biennial spring burning on the Curtis Prairie on the
University of Wisconsin Arboretum, Kentucky bluegrass frequency
decreased from 60 to 13 percent [6].

Burning to promote bluegrass growth:  When using prescribed fire to
promote the growth of cool-season species in the Northern Great Plains,
Kentucky bluegrass will probably respond best to very early spring
(March-April) or late summer (August-September) fires [130].

Disease control:  In Kentucky bluegrass commercial seed fields, burning
after harvest successfully controls several diseases.  It is effective
in controlling ergot (Claviceps purpurea); silver top, caused by the
fungus Fusarium trianctum; and the mite, Siteroptes cerealium.  Burning
also helps control leaf rust (Puccinia poae-nemoralis) and other fungi
harbored in crop residue [48].

Wildlife considerations:  Succulent new grass shoots arising from burned
mountain grasslands are highly palatable to wildlife.  On the Front
Range in Colorado, mule deer and bighorn sheep ate considerably more
Kentucky bluegrass on areas burned in late September than on nearby
unburned areas [102].  Following late October and early November fires
in aspen stands in Colorado, Kentucky bluegrass cover increased and thus
provided more forage to wildlife [99].

Where Kentucky bluegrass is desired for providing ruffed grouse drumming
ground cover, it can be burned when the soil is damp and plants are
dormant [122].

Burning under aspen:  Powell [90] reported that in south-central
Colorado, aspen/Kentucky bluegrass communities have only a moderate
probability of carrying a prescribed fire and only if livestock grazing
is deferred for at least one season.  For fall prescribed burning, the
likelihood of a relatively uniform burning treatment may be increased by
burning after aspen leaf fall [99].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: geophyte

Geophyte
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( Anglèis )

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Kentucky bluegrass is widely distributed across North America, growing
on a wide variety of sites in numerous vegetation types, but grows best
and is most abundant on moist sites where the climate is cool and humid.
In tallgrass prairie it may be abundant on uplands and lowlands because
of abundant annual precipitation, but in mixed-grass prairie it is
abundant only on lowland sites [49,105].  In the West, cool, moist
conditions optimal for growth typically occur on northern exposures, at
moderate to high elevations, and in riparian environments [49].  In the
Southwest and in California Kentucky bluegrass is often confined to cool
mountainous regions [113].  It grows best in full sunlight but will
tolerate light shading if moisture and nutrients are favorable [49,100].
Kentucky bluegrass grows in prairies and fields, mountain grasslands,
mountain brushlands, mountain meadows, riparian woodlands, and open
forests and woods.  It is common along roadsides.

Soils:  Kentucky bluegrass grows on a wide variety of soils, but thrives
on well-drained loams or clay loams rich in humus [113].  It also
thrives on soils derived from limestone [49,100,113].  It is somewhat
exacting in its chemical fertility requirements, needing large amounts of
nitrogen during active growth stages [100].  Optimal soil pH is between
5.8 and 8.2 [100]. 

Elevation:  Elevational ranges for selected western states are as
follows [27,101,124]:

       State                 Elevational Range

        CO              4,000 to 12,000 feet (1,220-3,659 m)
        MT              2,800 to 7,500 feet (854-2,287 m)
        NM              5,576 to 11,480 feet (1,700-3,500 m)
        UT              4,200 to 10,800 feet (1,280-3,290 m)
        WY              4,600 to 9,100 feet (1,400-2,775 m)

Associated species:  Kentucky bluegrass is ubiquitous.  Associated
species in specific habitats are presented below:

Mountain and riparian meadows: redtop (Agrostis alba), smallwing sedge
(Carex microptera), analogue sedge (C. simulata), timothy (Phleum
pratense), Baltic rush (Juncus balticus), meadow barley (Hordeum
brachyantherum), western aster (Aster occidentalis), common yarrow
(Achillea millefolium), strawberry (Frageria virginiana), largeleaf
avens (Geum macrophyllum), wild iris (Iris missouriensis), cinquefoil
(Potentila gracilis), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), velvet
lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus), and buttercup (Ranunculus spp.)
[47,61,68,128].

Mountain grasslands: Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), rough fescue
(Festuca scabrella), Idaho fescue (F. idahoensis), cheatgrass (Bromus
tectorum), mountain brome (B. marginatus), common dandelion, snowberry
(Symphoricarpos albus), and rose (Rosa acicularis) [25,89,95]. 
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the term: cover

   Kentucky bluegrass is found in nearly all SAF cover types
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands
   FRES44  Alpine
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

   Kentucky bluegrass is widespread and found in nearly all Kuchler Plant Associations.
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: cool-season, cover, density, herbaceous, tiller

Plant phenological stage at time of burning greatly influences fire
damage to herbaceous plants.  In general, as new foliage of perennial
grasses reaches full development major food reserves have been depleted,
so that plants are injured most from fires occurring at this time
[24,93].  Because Kentucky bluegrass is a cool-season grass, active in
the spring and fall, it is most susceptible to fire damage at those
times.  Late spring fires, after plants have been growing for about a
month or more, are the most damaging to Kentucky bluegrass.  Sampling at
the end of the first growing season after late spring burning shows that
Kentucky bluegrass basal cover and tiller density are typically much
lower in burned areas than in nearby unburned areas
[11,26,31,43,83,86,87,94,106].

Cool fires conducted when plants are dormant have little effect on
Kentucky bluegrass [62].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( Anglèis )

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Livestock: Kentucky bluegrass is highly palatable in early growth stages
and provides nutritious forage for all classes of livestock.  In the
West, it is often abundant in mountain grasslands, moist and dry
mountain meadows, aspen parkland, and open ponderosa pine forests where
it is eaten extensively by domestic sheep and cattle [15,20,49,60].
Mountain meadows dominated by Kentucky bluegrass may be relatively
limited in extent, but they are highly productive and thus contribute
substantial amounts of summer forage [75].  On mountain rangelands in
northeastern Oregon, Kentucky bluegrass is one of the most important
forage species in cattle and sheep summer diets [55,75].

In eastern North America, Kentucky bluegrass is considered one of the
best pasture grasses [100].  Due to limited precipitation in the West,
however, it provides only fair range forage because biomass production
is relatively low due to summer dormancy [115].  It is seldom seeded on
western ranges but may be used for pasture on moist and cool sites
[100,122].  In irrigated pastures, midsummer production can be
favorable, allowing cattle to gain more weight than if pastured on
orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) or smooth brome (Bromus inermis)
[100].

Kentucky bluegrass is seldom planted for hay production because yields
are generally low, and plants mature before other hay species are ready
to cut.  It is, however, often found in hay mixtures as an invader
[100].

Wildlife:  Regionally, Kentucky bluegrass can be an important part of
the diets of elk, mule deer, and bighorn sheep [27,49].  On elk winter
range in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, Kentucky bluegrass is
one of the most important grasses eaten by elk [54].  Kentucky bluegrass
is also an important part of fall and winter diets of elk in Wind Cave
National Park, South Dakota [126].  Kentucky bluegrass meadows found
along mountain streams are often preferred foraging areas of wild
ungulates [61].

Bluegrass leaves and seeds are eaten by numerous species of small
mammals and songbirds [72,85].  Bluegrass is often an important food of
the cottontail rabbit and wild turkey [21,39].  Prairie chickens eat
small amounts of seeds [21].  Kentucky-bluegrass-dominated grasslands
provide habitat for numerous species of small mammals [39,78].  In
Kentucky-bluegrass-dominated mountain meadows in Oregon the northern
pocket gopher, Columbian ground squirrel, and mice are a prevalent, and
thus these sites are also important to foraging raptors [62].

Mueggler and Campbell [82] suggest that the aspen/Kentucky bluegrass
community type in Utah is one of the poorest aspen community types for
value as wildlife habitat because of the lack of plant species
diversity.
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: forest, herbaceous

Kentucky bluegrass is an introduced plant and is therefore not used in
habitat typing.  It has, however, become naturalized across North
America and often occurs as a herbaceous layer dominant.  In the West,
Kentucky bluegrass frequently occurs as an understory dominant in aspen
(Populus tremuloides), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), sagebrush
(Artemisia spp.)/bunchgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata, Festuca altaica,
F. idahoensis), bunchgrass, and riparian habitats.  It is also a common
dominant of midwestern prairies.

Ponderosa pine and bunchgrass habitat types:  Grazing-induced seral
stages in which Kentucky bluegrass is the herbaceous layer dominant are
widespread and common within ponderosa pine/bunchgrass,
sagebrush/bunchgrass, and bunchgrass habitat types [25,57].

Riparian communities:  Kentucky bluegrass is a common understory
dominant of low- to middle-elevation riparian communities throughout the
Mountain West.  These sites are typically gently sloping stream terraces
with a widely spaced overstory of cottonwood (Populus angustifolia, P.
deltoides, P. trichocarpa), water birch (Betula occidentalis), conifers,
or willows (Salix geyeriana, S. lutea, S. exigua) [46,62,88,128].
Kentucky bluegrass also dominates low- and middle-elevation riparian
meadows on broad floodplains and elevated stream terraces [62,88].  In
the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon and southeastern Washington,
Kentucky bluegrass dominance is an indicator of dry to moist meadow
conditions and soils that are dark brown to black and clayey [45].

Aspen/Kentucky bluegrass communities:  Aspen/Kentucky bluegrass and
aspen/mountain snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus)/Kentucky bluegrass
community types are relatively uncommon but widespread across the
Intermountain Region [80].  In central Colorado, and in the Black Hills
of South Dakota, aspen stands with an understory dominated by Kentucky
bluegrass are fairly common [90,96].  The understory of aspen/Kentucky
bluegrass communities is relatively depauperate [82].

The following publications describe Kentucky-bluegrass-dominated
grasslands, and forests and woodlands where it occurs as a understory
dominant:

Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in
  northwestern Montana [13].
Classification and management of riparian and wetland sites in central
  and eastern Montana [46]. 
Riparian dominance types of Montana [47].
Riparian zone associations: Deschutes, Ochoco, Fremont, and Winema
  National Forests [58].
Riparian community type classification of Utah and southeastern Idaho
  [88].
Preliminary riparian community type classification for Nevada [68].
Riparian community type classification for eastern Idaho and western
  Wyoming [128].
Ecology and plant communities of the riparian area associated with
  Catherine Creek in northeastern Oregon [61].
A meadow site classification for the Sierra Nevada, California [91]. 
Plant communities of the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon and
  southeastern Washington [45].
Plant associations of the central Oregon pumice zone [119]. 
Ecology and distribution of riparian vegetation in the Trout Creek
  Mountains of southeastern Oregon [32].
Plant associations of the Wallowa-Snake Province: Wallowa-Whitman
  National Forest [57].
Range plant communities of the Central Grasslands Research Station in
  south-central North Dakota [66].
Classification of native vegetation at the Woodworth Station, North
  Dakota [79].
Aspen community types of the Intermountain Region [80].
Aspen community types of Utah [82].
Aspen community types on the Caribou and Targhee National Forests in
  southeastern Idaho [81].
Aspen community types of the Pike and San Isabel National Forests in
  south-central Colorado [90].
Classification of quaking aspen stands in the Black Hills and Bear Lodge
  Mountains [96].
Classification of deer habitat in the ponderosa pine forests of the
  Black Hills, South Dakota [109].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: graminoid

Graminoid
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: cool-season, density, forbs, presence, restoration, warm-season

Grazing:  The desirability of Kentucky bluegrass on rangeland is limited
because of low production, summer dormancy, and propensity to invade
native grasslands.  This grass is highly resistant to grazing because
growing points remain belowground throughout the growing season, and it
has a low ratio of reproductive to vegetative stems [30].  Few grasses
are able to withstand heavy grazing as well as Kentucky bluegrass.  It
increases rapidly on overgrazed pastures and ranges, and its presence is
usually an indication of poor grazing management in the past.

On tallgrass prairie rangeland, Kentucky bluegrass density is best kept
in check by a combination of grazing management and prescribed burning.
It was effectively controlled in eastern Kansas with either season-long
or intensive early season grazing combined with late spring prescribed
burning [65].  Kentucky bluegrass also decreases with a combination of
late spring mowing and raking, which simulates burning [86].

In the Mountain West, Kentucky bluegrass is well adapted to meadows
which have seasonally high water tables and midsummer drought [120].  It
has become naturalized and dominates many meadows once dominated by
tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa) and sedges.  Replacement of
Kentucky bluegrass with the original natives is impractical because of
its competitive ability.  Even after 11 years of rest from livestock
grazing, a Kentucky bluegrass meadow in central Oregon did not advance
toward dominance by tufted hairgrass [118].  For livestock use, these
sites are best managed under a grazing system other than season long
use.

Bluegrass control with herbicides:  Herbicides are used for cool-season
grass control prior to planting warm-season grass species for prairie
restoration, and for cool-season grass suppression in overgrazed
pastures.  Atrazine and glyphosate effectively control Kentucky
bluegrass.  On rangeland in eastern Nebraska, April application of
atrazine or glyphosate reduced Kentucky bluegrass relative composition
by 98 and 96 percent, respectively, after one growing season [121].
After two growing seasons, bluegrass recovery was negligible.  This
allowed yields of native warm-season grasses to increase dramatically.

Soil stability:  Because of its shallow root system, Kentucky bluegrass
is generally not as good a soil stabilizer as the native grasses and
forbs it replaces.  In riparian settings, it is ineffective in
stabilizing streambanks.  Erosion and channel downcutting may occur,
especially where excessively grazed [47,62].

Flood resistance:  Kentucky bluegrass is intolerant of prolonged
flooding, high water tables, or poor drainage [122].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: fresh

Early growth stages of Kentucky bluegrass are nutritious.  After
flowering, nutritive value declines, and the plant may only provide for
the minimum maintenance energy needs of ruminants.  Crude protein
content of leaves, for example, is often greater than 20 percent in
early spring before elongation of flowering culms.  After flowering,
protein content of leaves drops to less than 5 percent [74].  Similarly,
fiber content increases as plants mature.

The National Academy of Sciences [84] reported the following nutritional
information for fresh, aerial parts of Kentucky bluegrass during various
growth stages:

                   % Protein    % Ash   % Crude Fiber   % N-free Extract
growth stage      (N x 6.25)       

immature             17.5        9.4        25.4             44.2
early bloom          16.6        7.1        27.4             44.9
mid-bloom             13.2        7.6        29.2             46.1
milk stage           11.6        7.3        30.3             47.2
dough stage           9.5        6.6        34.8             46.0
mature                9.5        6.2        32.2             49.0
over ripe             3.3        6.3        42.1             47.0

In the Black Hills of South Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass plants growing in
shaded locations had more crude fiber and less nitrogen-free extract
than plants growing in full sunlight.  Although plants from shaded
locations were still nutritious for cattle, they were less palatable
[74].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( Anglèis )

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     AL  AK  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA
     HI  ID  IL  IN  IA  KS  KY  LA  ME  MD
     MA  MI  MN  MS  MO  MT  NE  NV  NH  NJ
     NM  NY  NC  ND  OH  OK  OR  PA  RI  SC
     SD  TN  TX  UT  VT  VA  WA  WV  WI  WY
     AB  BC  MB  NB  NF  NT  NS  ON  PE  PQ
     SK  YT  MEXICO
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( Anglèis )

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Kentucky bluegrass is one of America's most popular lawn grasses.  It
withstands considerable abuse, and it is often used as a sod-grass at
campgrounds, golf courses, and ski slopes [97].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( Anglèis )

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More info for the term: warm-season

Kentucky bluegrass is highly palatable to most large grazers during the
spring when it is green and succulent.  When semidormant in the summer,
palatability is much reduced.  In moist mountain meadows, palatability
remains somewhat high during the summer.

In aspen parkland and mountain grasslands, Kentucky bluegrass is often
one of the most preferred grasses of cattle and sheep [15,75].  In some
Kentucky bluegrass-dominated meadows cattle grazing pressure can be
severe.  For example, along Catherine Creek in northeastern Oregon,
cattle preferred feeding in both dry and moist Kentucky bluegrass
meadows over other riparian vegetation types.  Kentucky bluegrass was
utilized from 55 to 79 percent in dry meadows and from 67 to 80 percent
in moist meadows [60].  In central Oregon, Kentucky-bluegrass-dominated
meadows are more palatable into midsummer than drier meadows dominated
by Cusick's bluegrass (Poa cusickii) [120].

In the Black Hills of South Dakota, sedges (Carex spp.), wheatgrasses
(Agropyron spp.), and timber oatgrass (Danthonia intermedia) were
preferred by cattle over Kentucky bluegrass [114].

Kentucky bluegrass was one of the most preferred grasses of cattle under
season-long grazing in the ponderosa pine type of northern Arizona [20].

In the prairie states, Kentucky bluegrass is most palatable to livestock
in the spring before warm-season grasses have resumed growth [21].

Palatability to wildlife in western states is rated as follows
[27,62,97]:

                         CO      MT      ND      OR      UT      WY
Pronghorn               ----    ----    poor     ----   good    good
Elk                     good    good    ----     good   good    good
Mule deer               ----    fair    poor     good   good    good
White-tailed deer       ----    good    poor     good   ----    good
Small mammals           good    fair    fair     ----   good    good
Small nongame birds     ----    fair    fair     ----   fair    good
Upland game birds       ----    fair    poor     ----   fair    good
Waterfowl               ----    good    good     ----   fair    good
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: phenology, seed

Kentucky bluegrass is one of the first grasses to resume growth in late
winter or early spring.  It grows rapidly, and in many states it flowers
in May [19,27].  In Kentucky and Missouri, seeds are mature by mid-June
[125].  By midsummer plants become nearly dormant.  With cool
temperatures and precipitation, growth resumes in the fall and continues
until daytime temperatures approach freezing [97,105].

Flowering time for several states is as follows:

Montana - late May and early June [97]
North Dakota - late May and early June [69]
Nebraska - May [105]

Kentucky bluegrass phenology was studied over a 3-year period on the
Sheyenne National Grasslands in southeastern North Dakota.  Timing of
phenological events was as follows (average dates for the 3 years
studied) [69]:

Resumption of spring growth - green leaves observed during snowmelt in
mid-March, but rapid growth began in early April.

Flowering - flower stalks appeared in mid-May.  Most flowering occurred
in late May and early June.  Nearly all plants completed anthesis within
one week.

Seed maturation - mature seeds were observed in mid- to late June.  Seed
stalks became dried after anthesis and were easily removed by wind.
Most stalks were removed by midsummer. 

Senescence and regrowth - maximum leaf height occurred in mid-June and
leaf senescence occurred shortly thereafter.  Plants were semidormant
during midsummer.  Large amounts of vegetative regrowth began in late
July and early August.  Forty percent of leaves present at the end of
August were new growth, which continued for a short time after the first
hard frost.
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: cool-season, cover, density, fire frequency, frequency, habitat type, prescribed fire

Kentucky bluegrass's fire response varies greatly depending on season of
burning, fire frequency, and postfire precipitation and soil moisture.

Season of burning:  Kentucky bluegrass postfire cover, biomass, and
flower stalk density are often greatly reduced during the first postfire
growing season by a single late spring fire.  Three examples are
presented to demonstrate rather typical first-year responses to late
spring burning: (1) in mixed-grass prairie unburned for several years in
north-central Nebraska, a single prescribed fire in mid-April or mid-May
greatly reduced Kentucky bluegrass basal cover in October, with cover on
burned plots only half that found on unburned plots [83], (2) after a
single mid-April fire on a tallgrass prairie site unburned for several
years in Iowa, Kentucky bluegrass relative biomass decreased from 80
percent to 25 percent during the first postfire growing season [53], and
(3) in the mountains of western Montana, Kentucky bluegrass frequency
was reduced 27.5 percent by a single late May fire in a
sagebrush/bunchgrass habitat type [18].

Kentucky bluegrass biomass production and density may be unaffected or
increase after burning at other times of the year, such as early spring,
summer, or fall.  It consistently recovers more quickly from burning at
these times of year than from burning in late spring.

In fields dominated by cool-season grasses in Wisconsin, Kentucky
bluegrass was reduced to one-fifth of its original density after 6 years
of annual burning in May; annual burning in March or October did not
affect Kentucky bluegrass density [23].  A different study in Wisconsin
showed that flower stalk density was reduced 70 percent by three annual
mid-May prescribed fires but was slightly increased by annual burning in
late March or early April [51].  Although summer grass fires can be
relatively intense, Kentucky bluegrass is dormant at this time.  It may
not be harmed by summer burning, and if precipitation is favorable, it
may even increase.  In mixed-grass prairie in north-central South
Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass frequency increased or remained unchanged on
uplands burned in early August followed by a wet spring, but decreased
on uplands burned in summer following a dry spring [103,104].  Kentucky
bluegrass's density tripled 1 year after late October and early November
low-intensity prescribed fires in aspen stands in Colorado [99].  In
ponderosa pine habitat types in British Columbia, Kentucky bluegrass
biomass was unchanged by an October prescribed fire [110].

Fire frequency:  Even after late spring burning, unless burned a second
time, Kentucky bluegrass density and cover often return to prefire
levels within 1 to 3 years.  For example, burning in May or June in Wind
Cave National Park, South Dakota, consistently reduced Kentucky
bluegrass canopy coverage, height, shoot density, flower stalk density,
and biomass during the first postfire growing season but not during
postfire years 2 and 3 [87].  In fact, biomass and density were often
greater on burned plots than on control plots during postfire year 2.
Other studies in mixed-grass prairie have shown Kentucky bluegrass cover
can be reduced for 2 or 3 years by a single late spring fire [34,83,94].

Kentucky bluegrass cannot withstand frequent spring burning.  In the
tallgrass prairie, its density decreases with increased fire frequency,
and it may be eliminated from sites that are burned annually for several
years [1,5,28,44,65,77].  In the Flint Hills of northeastern Kansas,
Kentucky bluegrass canopy coverage under different burning regimes was
30.3 percent on an area unburned for 11 years, 7.0 percent on an area
burned 1 and 5 years before sampling, and 0 percent on an area burned
annually for 5 years [1].  A similar response was observed on a
reconstructed tallgrass prairie in Illinois subjected to the following
burning treatments [44]:

not burned = unburned for 19 years
burned twice = burned Feb. 28, 1952 and April 16, 1959
burned three times = burned Feb. 28, 1952; April 16, 1959; and May 2, 1961
burned four times = burned Feb. 28, 1952; April 16, 1959; May 2, 1961; and
                    May 10, 1962

Sampling at the end of the 1962 growing season showed the relative
percentage of bluegrass (P. compressa and P. pratensis) shoot biomass
decreased with increased burning frequency in two community types as
follows:

                               Burning Treatment 
                 not burned     burned twice    burned      burned
                                               3 times     4 times
Community type
big bluestem        23.4             18.3         4.6          0
indiangrass         18.6             15.9         3.3          0

Vogl [117] sampled several pine barrens in northern Wisconsin and
reported that Kentucky bluegrass frequency either increased or decreased
within 1 year of a single spring fire but that Kentucky bluegrass was
eliminated on sites spring burned more than once every few years.

Influence of postfire moisture:  Kentucky bluegrass is more susceptible
to fire damage on ridge sites than in depressions, especially in dry
years [52].  In fact, in swales and low prairie sites that receive
upslope moisture, Kentucky bluegrass often increases after spring
burning.  In bluegrass fields in Wisconsin, Kentucky bluegrass density
and biomass increased in depressions but decreased or remained unchanged
on ridgetops after two successive mid-April fires [129].  In eastern
South Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass recovered well from early May burning
if irrigated.  On burned but unirrigated plots, however, biomass
decreased sharply [12].  In eastern North Dakota, lowland and upland
prairies were burned on May 8, 1966.  Postfire data on August 4, 1966
showed that Kentucky bluegrass frequency increased on lowlands but
remained unchanged on uplands.  Biomass on both uplands and lowlands
decreased, but the decrease was much greater on uplands [43].  When
postfire growing season precipitation was "considerably below normal" in
Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, Kentucky bluegrass biomass on
burned areas was less than half that found on unburned areas whether
burned on September 18, February 13, or April 10 [37].

In a sagebrush/rough fescue habitat type in Montana, Kentucky bluegrass
biomass increased the first summer after a mid-May prescribed fire [95].
This increase was unexpected because bluegrass should be susceptible to
burning at this time.  This increase may be due to the high moisture
availability in surface soils at this site due to concave slope shape.
In contrast, another study in western Montana found Kentucky bluegrass
decreased after a prescribed fire on May 24 in a sagebrush/fescue
habitat type [18].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: herb, rhizome

   Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( Anglèis )

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More info for the terms: cover, fresh, herbaceous, rhizome, seed

Kentucky bluegrass is a vigorous herbaceous competitor.  Not only does
it spread by rhizome expansion, it also produces abundant seed which
accounts for good seedling recruitment and establishment on disturbed
sites.

There are 2.1 to 2.2 million seeds per pound (4.6-4.8 million/kg).
Germinative capacity varies from 75 to 94 percent.  Seeds require light
for germination [35].

In eastern Washington, fresh seed sown in July began germinating on
November 18; seedling emergence continued into December beneath an
occasional snow cover.  Autumn seed germination was regulated more by
temperature and moisture than by the amount or quality of light [14].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Successional Status ( Anglèis )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: climax, herbaceous

Kentucky bluegrass is extremely competitive.  Due to past grazing and
lowering of water tables in western riparian habitats, Kentucky
bluegrass now dominates many sites once occupied by tufted hairgrass,
woolly sedge (Carex lanuginosa), widefruit sedge (C. eurycarpa), aquatic
sedge (C. aquatilis), bluejoint reedgrass (Calamagrostis canadensis),
Cusick bluegrass, and willows [47,62,88].  Once it has gained dominance,
it is persistent and remains a relatively stable community component.

In the Intermountain West, aspen/Kentucky bluegrass communities are
grazing-induced seral stages which have replaced the following climax or
near climax communities [80,82]:  aspen/mountain snowberry/Fendler
meadowrue (Thalictrum fendleri), aspen/mountain snowberry/pinegrass
(Calamagrostis rubescens), aspen/Fendler meadowrue, aspen/pinegrass,
aspen/mountain snowberry/elk sedge (Carex geyeri), and aspen/elk sedge.

In ponderosa pine and bunchgrass habitat types, Kentucky bluegrass is
often the herbaceous layer dominant on sites with a history of past
grazing abuse.  Daubenmire [25] called such sites a "zootic climax"
because even after the grazing disturbance has been stopped for many
years, there is no indication that Kentucky bluegrass will give way to
the native climax species. 
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name of Kentucky bluegrass is Poa
pratensis L. [124].

Kartesz and Kartesz [59] recognized the following subspecies:

Poa pratensis subsp. agassizensis (Boivin & D. Love) Taylor & McBryde
Poa pratensis subsp. alpigena (Fries) Hiitonen
Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin
Poa pratensis subsp. pratensis

Kentucky bluegrass is generally considered to be nonnative to North
America. Some botanists argue, however, that populations in remote
mountain meadows of the West may be native (see discussion by Cronquist
and others) [22].

Poa pratensis naturally hybridizes with several other species within
the genus, including P. secunda, P. arctica, P. alpina, P. nervosa, P.
reflexa, and P. palustris [124].
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Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( Anglèis )

fornì da Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: cover, reclamation, seed

Kentucky bluegrass's value in rehabilitation work is limited because it
is slow to establish cover, is not drought tolerant, and has high soil
fertility requirements [116].  When planted in seed mixtures, it often
takes 2 or 3 years to become established.  Once established, however, it
is persistent and forms a dense sod which promotes soil stability [49].
It is used in Alaska, Colorado, and Wisconsin for soil stabilization
along highway roadbanks [49].  In the West, it is probably best suited
for establishing cover in disturbed subalpine habitats [9]; however,
Hassel and others [50] recommend Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa) over
Kentucky bluegrass for revegetation projects on mountain sites in the
Intermountain West.

A summary of Kentucky bluegrass's performance at numerous reclamation
sites has been published [49]. 
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sitassion bibliogràfica
Uchytil, Ronald J. 1993. Poa pratensis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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III, IV, V, RM, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, Juan Fernandez
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Physical Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly closed, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades very narrow or filiform, less than 2 mm wide, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Plants dioecious, S pikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets unisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear, < br> Poa pratensis Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome elongate, creeping, stems distant, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stems compressed, flattened, or sulcate, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath or blade keeled, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly pan iculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Lower panicle branches whorled, Flowers bisexual, Flowers replaced by bulbils, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilagino us, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Callus or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Lemma with long cobwebby white hairs, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Poa pratensis ( Asturian )

fornì da wikipedia AST

Poa pratensis, llamada comúnmente campera azul de Kentucky, poa de los praos, grama de prau, poa común o zacate poa, ye una especie de gramínea.

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Ilustración

Orixe

Ye nativu de práuticamente toa Europa, Asia norteña y montes d'Arxelia y de Marruecos.

Carauterístiques

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Espécime de Poa pratensis.
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Vista de la planta
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Granu

Ye una yerbácea perenne, crez de 30 a 60 cm (dacuando hasta 90) d'altu. Fueya fines, lliniales, de 20 cm de llargu y 3-5 mm d'anchu, pulíes o llixeramente rugosas, con lígula arredondiada a truncada de 1-2 mm de llargu. Flores en panícules de 10-20 cm de llargu, cóniques, coles sos bases con 3-5 ramines; espiguillas ovales, verdes, 3-6 mm de llargu, con 2-5 flores.

Dixebrar polos rizomes y les sierpes y forma un verde trupu. Los biltos (los rizomes y les sierpes) prodúcense sobremanera na primavera y el branu tardíu.

Mientres finales de primavera y branu, los biltos crecen argutos y verticales, ente que, en primavera temprana apuerten a más recostaos.

Mientres los meses del iviernu poques fueyes nueves prodúcense. La mayoría de los rizomas, sicasí, conviértense debaxo de la superficie del suelu como biltos d'otros rizomas. Los rizomas pueden ramificar delles vegaes mientres l'añu. El cursu de vida de rizomas individuales estiéndese comúnmente con dos estaciones de crecedera siendo'l cursu de vida total d'un rizoma y del so llanzamientu terminal ye xeneralmente menor a dos años. Tien un carauterísticu color verde azuláu.

Nomes vulgares

Poa de los praos, Poa pratense, Grama de los praos, Grama azul, Campera azul, Zacate azul, Cañuela ente otros.

Hibridación con Poa arachnifera

Mientres los 1990s, esperimentar con híbridos d'esta especie con Poa arachnifera, creando con ésitu una campera resistente al calor y a la seca.

Delles variedaes toleren climes meridionales meyor qu'otros (Adelphi, Fylking, Glade, Victa y Warrens A-34).

Interés forrajero

La so producción ye inferior a la d'otres gramínees pratenses de la zona templada anque presenta una bona capacidá de rebrote y respuende bien a los pastoreos intensivos. La so calidá nutritiva ye bona y resulta una campera bien apetecedora pa ganáu ovín, vacunu y equín. L'aptitú forrajera ye bona, la meyor ente les del so xéneru y una de les escelentes ente'l restu de les plantes, da un bon verde. Ye planta bonal que non precisa resiembra y aguanta almirablemente l'apatayo y llendo intensu.

Espardimientu

Arrobínase al traviés de granes. Los semaos nuevos riquen lluz, riego frecuente (2 a 3 vegaes per día pa les primeres 2 selmanes). Dempués de l'apaición de la planta la frecuencia de riego pue ser amenorgada.

Manexu y cuidu

Tien de segase la yerba nuevo cuando crez sobre un altor de 5 cm de la corte. Los segaos subsecuentes tienen de ser bastante frecuentes pero nun se debe quitar más de la metá de la fueya en cada siega. Los requisitos de nitróxenu son muncho más altos mientres l'añu del establecimientu que mientres años subsecuentes. La yerba va responder a 25 a 27 kg/ha de nitróxenu'l primer añu, ente que, son afechos ente 90 y 130 kg/hai pal caltenimientu dempués del primer añu. Hai que tener en cuenta que mientres los meses del branu esta especie puede sufrir quemadures si aplícase demasiáu nitróxenu soluble o si nun se riega darréu dempués del usu.

Usos, distribución y zones de cultivu

Ye bien utilizáu en canches de fútbol y tamién en parques y xardinos. Hasta apocayá, esta especie utilizábase bien pocu n'España, al ser les variedaes disponibles de bien mala calidá, con xamasca bien gruesa y que tomaba un aspeutu amarellentáu pocu curiosu nel iviernu. Ideal pa tou tipu de xardinos y n'especial pa campos deportivos y de golf, producción de tapín, de bien recién llogru, fina y de baxu caltenimientu. Suelse utilizar como especie integrante de les camperes pa caballos y oveyes n'Estaos Xuníos. Úsase en verdes pa xardinería pública y privada y en verdes capaces de soportar actividaes deportives inclusive en campos de deporte con apatayo intensu(fútbol, hípica, rugby) y nes cais (fairways) y salíes (tees) de los campos de golf (CIRERA, 1996).

Enfermedaes

Les enfermedaes importantes del verde nes zones de transición inclúin delles enfermedaes como Fusarium, Helminthosporium, moho y moho polvoriento. Esta especie ye abondo sensible a rucar y a la helmintosporiosis. Puede presentar infeición por fungu endófitos productores de micotoxinas.

Requerimientos ambientales

Climes templaos (C3). Tolera perbién el fríu y les xelaes. En condiciones de calor intenso paraliza la so crecedera. Poco tolerante a la falta d'agua, prefier condiciones de bonu llume pero tolera la solombra.

El so temperamentu edáfico ye ampliu, y el so óptimo de pH asítiase en redol a 6-7,5. Soporta testures pesaes y terrenes mal drenáu, anque los prefier bien drenaos y fértiles. Tolera abondo bien el calor y la seca, con un escelente comportamientu ivernizu.

Ye pocu esixente en nutrición mineral pero rique suelos ricos en materia orgánico, magrizos y húmedos.

Intereses

El nome d'esta planta, Kentucky Bluegrass ye l'orixe del nome del subxéneru de la música country "Bluegrass".[1]

Taxonomía

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Ilustración
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Nel so hábitat
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Inflorescencia

Poa pratensis describióse por Carolus Linnaeus y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 67-68. 1753.[2]

Citoloxía

Númberu de cromosomes de Poa pratensis (Fam. Gramineae) y táxones infraespecíficos: n=14.[3] 2n=28-124[4]

Etimoloxía

Poa: nome xenéricu deriváu del griegu poa = (yerba, sobremanera como forraxe).[5]

pratensis: epítetu llatín que significa "de los praos".[6]

Sinonimia
  • Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell
  • Poa agassizensis B.Boivin & D.Löve
  • Poa anceps (Gaudin) Hegetschw. & Heer
  • Poa anceps (Gaudin) Hegelm.
  • Poa angustifolia Elliott
  • Poa angustiglumis Roshev.
  • Poa articulata Ovcz.
  • Poa avatshensis Kom.
  • Poa bidentata Stapf
  • Poa boliviensis Hack.
  • Poa bourgeaei Y.Fourn.
  • Poa bourgeaei Y.Fourn. ex Hemsl.
  • Poa brintnellii Raup
  • Poa caerulea Knapp
  • Poa complanata Schur
  • Poa compressoformis Rouy
  • Poa costata Schumach.
  • Poa dolichachyra Keng f. ex L.Liu
  • Poa dolichochyra Keng
  • Poa dubia Honck.
  • Poa eragrostiformis Schur
  • Poa filifolia Schur
  • Poa filiformis Link ex Schrad.
  • Poa florida N.R.Cui
  • Poa garanica Ikonn.
  • Poa gelida Roem. & Schult.
  • Poa glabra Ehrh.
  • Poa ianthoides Roiv.
  • Poa latifolia (Weihe) R.Doll
  • Poa luzoniensis Merr.
  • Poa macounii Vasey
  • Poa magensiana Potztal
  • Poa maydellii Roshev.
  • Poa montana Honck.
  • Poa nymannii Tinéu *Poa

oligeria Steud.

  • Poa pachyantha Keng f. ex S.L.Chen
  • Poa paratunkensis Kom.
  • Poa peckii Chase
  • Poa pinegensis Roshev.
  • Poa pseudopratensis Beyer
  • Poa pubescens Lej.
  • Poa rigens Hartm.
  • Poa sabulosa Turcz. ex Roshev.
  • Poa sergievskajae Prob.
  • Poa sobolevskiana Gudoschn.
  • Poa stenachyra Keng ex Keng f. & G.Q.Song
  • Poa stricta D.Don
  • Poa subglabriflora Roshev.
  • Poa todarii Lojac.
  • Poa turfosa Litv.
  • Poa urjanchaica Roshev.
  • Poa viridis Schreb. ex Pursh
  • Poa viridis Gilib.[7]


Nome común

  • Castellanu: balayo de yegües, cedacillo, grama de los praos, grama de praos, segáu, segáu d'Andalucía, yerba triguero, poa de los praos, poa de praos, poa pratense, yerba de los aragoneses.[8]

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?28996
  2. «Poa pratensis». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 16 d'abril de 2013.
  3. Contribución a la conocencia cariológico de les Poaceae n'Estremadura (España). II. Devesa, J. A. & al. (1990) Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2 63: 153-205
  4. Estudiu monográficu de los xéneros Poa y Bellardiochloa na península Iberica ya islles Baleares. Barcelona. Hernández Cardona, A. M. (1979)
  5. (n'inglés)Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass xenera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Xenera of the World. Consultáu'l 5 de marzu de 2010.
  6. N'Epítetos Botánicos
  7. Poa pratensis en PlantList
  8. «Poa pratensis». Real Xardín Botánicu: Proyeutu Anthos. Consultáu'l 16 d'abril de 2013.

Bibliografía

  • European Poa Database
  • Regueru, M.T.K., C.P. von Bohlen, L. Cavieres & C. Marticorena. 1992. Survey of the flora of Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. Gayana Botánica. 49(1-4):47-70.
  • Boelcke, O., D.M. Moore & F.A. Roig (Eds.). 1985. Transecta Botánica de la Patagonia Austral. Conseyu Nacional d'Investigación Científica y Téuniques (Arxentina). Buenos Aires. XXVIII, 733 pp.
  • Picasso
  • Agroterra
  • Rocalba

Enllaces esternos

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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

fornì da wikipedia AST
Poa pratensis

Poa pratensis, llamada comúnmente campera azul de Kentucky, poa de los praos, grama de prau, poa común o zacate poa, ye una especie de gramínea.

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Gweunwellt llyfn ( Galèis )

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Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Gweunwellt llyfn sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Poa pratensis a'r enw Saesneg yw Smooth meadow-grass.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Gweunwellt Llyfn, Gweunwellt, Gwellt y Gweunydd.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gerddi Kew; adalwyd 21 Ionawr 2015
Comin Wikimedia
Mae gan Gomin Wikimedia
gyfryngau sy'n berthnasol i:
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Gweunwellt llyfn: Brief Summary ( Galèis )

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Planhigyn blodeuol Monocotaidd a math o wair yw Gweunwellt llyfn sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Poaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Poa pratensis a'r enw Saesneg yw Smooth meadow-grass. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Gweunwellt Llyfn, Gweunwellt, Gwellt y Gweunydd.

Gall dyfu bron mewn unrhyw fan gan gynnwys gwlyptiroedd, coedwigoedd a thwndra. Dofwyd ac addaswyd y planhigyn gan ffermwyr dros y milenia; chwiorydd i'r planhigyn hwn yw: india corn, gwenith, barlys, reis ac ŷd.

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Lipnice luční ( Cech )

fornì da wikipedia CZ

Lipnice luční (Poa pratensis) je jednoděložná rostlina náležící do čeledi lipnicovité (Poaceae). Patří k nejvytrvalejším trávám s pomalým vývojem. Je velmi přizpůsobivá a odolná.

Popis

Lipnice luční je středně vysoká, výběžkatá bylina. Stéblo dorůstá výšky 20–120 cm.[2] Listová pochva je oblá nebo mírně zmáčklá ze stran, jazýčky jsou krátké, uťaté. Ouška chybějí. Obilky jsou malé a ochmýřené.[3] Čepele listů jsou jasně zelené a mírně lesklé. Středem čepele se táhnou dvě světlejší rýžky. Květy v mnohokvětých kláscích jsou na spodní části plev porostlé dlouhými vlákny, které někdy vypadají jako vlákna pavučiny. Ve spleti těchto vláken často zůstávají viset vypadávající obilky. Květenství je jehlancovitá lata, někdy dost dlouhá, jejíž boční ramena jsou drsná. Má mohutný kořenový systém, který se rozprostírá převážně v povrchové vrstvě půdy (do 10 cm). Lipnice luční se plně vyvíjí až třetím nebo čtvrtým rokem. Brzy na jaře obrůstá a začíná kvést. Kvete od května do začátku srpna.

Rozšíření

Je rozšířena v mírném pásu celého světa. Je součástí flóry celé Evropy (na sever až po Špicberky). Roste v Severní Americe, severní Asii i v Austrálii. Má určitou expanzivní schopnost, a proto rychle obsazuje v porostu uprázdněná místa. V přírodě roste na sušších, výživných půdách, ale i na okraji lesa, v křovinách, po okrajích cest, od nížin až po polohy na 2000 m. O široké ekologické přizpůsobivosti svědčí i to, že je to jedna z jediných tří kvetoucích (vyšších) rostlin nalezených v Antarktidě (zavlečena člověkem).[4]

Využití

V lučním hospodářství má své místo jako stálá komponenta trvalých luk a pastvin, protože poskytuje, zvláště v první polovině vegetační doby, dobrou a vyrovnanou píci. Velice často bývá užívána do směsi pro okrasné trávníky, hřiště a letištní plochy.

Galerie

Odkazy

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. http://botany.cz/cs/poa-pratensis/
  3. Šašková, Dagmar, Štolfa, Vojtěch. Trávy a obilí. Praha : Artia a. s. a Granit s. r. o., 1993. S. 63.
  4. Větvička, Václav, Krejčová, Zdena. Rostliny na louce a u vody. Praha: Aventinum, 2009. S. 223.

Literatura

  • ŠAŠKOVÁ, Dagmar; ŠTOLFA, Vojtěch. Trávy a obilí. Praha: Artia a. s. a Granit s. r. o., 1993. 63 s. ISBN 80-85805-03-0. Kapitola 1. Co dělá louku loukou, s. 13.
  • VĚTVIČKA, Václav; KREJČOVÁ, Zdena. Rostliny na louce a u vody. Praha: Aventinum, 2009. 223 s. ISBN 978-80-86858-90-6.
  • LEYHEOVÁ, Ulrike. Trávy a Kapradiny. Praha: Euromedia Group, 2010. 160 s. ISBN 978-80-242-2335-3.

Externí odkazy

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Lipnice luční: Brief Summary ( Cech )

fornì da wikipedia CZ

Lipnice luční (Poa pratensis) je jednoděložná rostlina náležící do čeledi lipnicovité (Poaceae). Patří k nejvytrvalejším trávám s pomalým vývojem. Je velmi přizpůsobivá a odolná.

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Engrapgræs ( Danèis )

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Engrapgræs (Poa pratensis), ofte skrevet eng-rapgræs, er en flerårig plante i græs-familien. Arten er oprindeligt udbredt i Europa og Asien, men er siden spredt ved menneskets hjælp til de tempererede dele af både den nordlige og sydlige halvkugle.

Blomsterne hos engrapgræs er samlet i 2-5-blomstrede og 4-6 mm lange småaks, som tilsammen danner en endestillet top. Bladene har en tydelig bådformet spids.

I Danmark er arten meget almindelig på enge, ved stranden, langs veje, i krat, klitter og tørre bakker. Den er en vigtig kulturplante, der er brugt som udsæd på vedvarende græsgange, på sportspladser og vejkanter, ofte sammen med alm. rapgræs.

Kilder og eksterne henvisninger


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Engrapgræs: Brief Summary ( Danèis )

fornì da wikipedia DA

Engrapgræs (Poa pratensis), ofte skrevet eng-rapgræs, er en flerårig plante i græs-familien. Arten er oprindeligt udbredt i Europa og Asien, men er siden spredt ved menneskets hjælp til de tempererede dele af både den nordlige og sydlige halvkugle.

Blomsterne hos engrapgræs er samlet i 2-5-blomstrede og 4-6 mm lange småaks, som tilsammen danner en endestillet top. Bladene har en tydelig bådformet spids.

I Danmark er arten meget almindelig på enge, ved stranden, langs veje, i krat, klitter og tørre bakker. Den er en vigtig kulturplante, der er brugt som udsæd på vedvarende græsgange, på sportspladser og vejkanter, ofte sammen med alm. rapgræs.

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Wiesen-Rispengras ( Alman )

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Das Wiesen-Rispengras (Poa pratensis) ist eines der am weitesten verbreiteten und am häufigsten für Rasen und Weiden gesäten Süßgräser (Poaceae) Europas.

Merkmale

 src=
Stängel mit Blattscheide und typisch herunterlaufendem Blatthäutchen
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Die Laubblätter weisen in der Mitte eine Doppelrille auf.
Wiesen-Rispengras. Poa pratensis. Tafel 452 aus Mentz & Ostenfeld 1917ff. Bd. 2.: Abb. 1. Unterer Teil des Grasbüschels mit einem Ausläufer, der ebenfalls in einem Grasbüschel endet. Abb. 2. Oberer Teil. Abb. 3. Oberer Teil einer Blattscheide mit Blatthäutchen (Ligula). Abb. 4. Ährchen (5/1)
Poa pratensis, Illustration
 src=
Laubblatt mit Kapuzenspitze
 src=
Rispe mit Ährchen
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Zerlegtes Ährchen mit zwei Hüllspelzen (Glu) und drei jeweils in Deck- (Lem) und Vorspelze (Pal) eingehüllte Blüten

Das lockere rasenbildende, mehrjährige Gras erreicht normalerweise Wuchshöhen von 20 bis 60 cm und seine Farbe ist frisch grün bis grau grün. Einige Unterarten sind deutlich kleiner oder blaugrün bereift. Die Blätter sind ungefähr 5 mm breit, bei einigen Unterarten auch deutlich schmaler. Ihre Ränder sind parallel und oben in einer kurzen kapuzenförmigen Spitze zusammengezogen. Die Ligula ist zwar vorhanden, aber selten über 2 mm lang.

Die locker aufrechte und im Umriss pyramidenförmige Rispe besteht aus zahlreichen 4 bis 6 mm langen Ährchen. Häufig ist die Rispe violett, im Gebirge auch schwärzlich überlaufen. Die untersten Rispenäste stehen in der Regel zu viert, manchmal auch zu dritt oder fünft. Die beiden Deckspelzen sind deutlich fünfnervig und hängen mit ihren zottigen Haaren meist zusammen. Die Bewurzelung besteht aus langen unterirdische Kriechtrieben, feinen büscheligen Sprosswurzeln und aufsteigenden Blatt- und Triebsprossen. Die Blütezeit dauert von Mai bis Juli.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 28, 50-78 oder 124.[1]

Verbreitung

Das Wiesen-Rispengras kommt in den gemäßigten Gebieten der ganzen Nordhemisphäre (Eurasien, Nordafrika, Nordamerika) vor. Südlich reicht das Gebiet bis zum nördlichen Mexiko.[2] Nach Australien und in die Antarktis[3] wurde es eingeschleppt. In Mitteleuropa ist es weit verbreitet und häufig, vom Tiefland bis ins hohe Alpengebiet.

Es wächst gerne auf sommerwarmen, nährstoffreichen, nicht zu nassen und nicht zu trockenen Lehmböden in Wiesen, auf Almen, an Wegrändern oder auch an Ruderalstellen. Es ist eine Charakterart der Klasse Molinio-Arrhenatheretea.[1] Es steigt in den Alpen bis zu einer Höhe von 2376 Metern Meereshöhe auf.[4]

Systematik

Das Wiesen-Rispengras wird auch mit verwandten Arten zu einem Aggregat zusammengefasst. Andere Autoren stellen diese verwandten Arten als Unterarten zum Wiesen-Rispengras. Das sind:

  • Poa angustifolia L. als Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin
  • Poa humilis Ehrh. ex Hoffm. als Poa pratensis subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) Lindb. f. (Syn.: Poa subcaerulea Sm., Poa athroostachya Oett.)

Sonstiges

Das Wiesen-Rispengras ist eines der wertvollsten Futtergräser und wird sehr häufig auf Weiden ausgesät. Auch die meisten Rasenmischungen enthalten es zu einem guten Prozentsatz, da es relativ trittfest ist und Trockenheit gut verträgt.

Wegen seiner Häufigkeit gehört es während seiner Blütezeit zu den Hauptverursachern des Heuschnupfens.

Es gibt zahlreiche Unterarten und Formen, die sich im Aussehen und in der Verwertbarkeit teils erheblich unterscheiden können.

Die Art Poa pratensis hat mit ihren speziell in Kentucky wegen der Bodenbeschaffenheit oft blaugrünen Blättern der Musikrichtung Bluegrass ihren Namen gegeben.

Das Wiesenrispengras wird häufig von Wiesenrispenrost befallen.[5]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8. Auflage. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5. Seite 224.
  2. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Poa pratensis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 13. November 2016.
  3. [1]
  4. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert: Flora des Allgäus und seiner Umgebung. Band 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6, S. 187.
  5. Pflanzenkrankheiten erkennen - verstehen - vermeiden: Puccinia poae-nemoralis G.H. Otth.
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Wiesen-Rispengras: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Das Wiesen-Rispengras (Poa pratensis) ist eines der am weitesten verbreiteten und am häufigsten für Rasen und Weiden gesäten Süßgräser (Poaceae) Europas.

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Łucna lipnica ( Sorbian anferior )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

Łucna lipnica (Poa pratensis) jo rostlina ze swójźby słodkich tšawow (Poaceae).

Wopis

Stojnišćo

Rozšyrjenje

Wužywanje

Nožki

  1. Starosta: Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik, Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, Bautzen 1999, ISBN 3-7420-1096-4, bok 218
  2. W internetowem słowniku: Rispengras

Žrědła

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Łucna lipnica: Brief Summary ( Sorbian anferior )

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Łucna lipnica (Poa pratensis) jo rostlina ze swójźby słodkich tšawow (Poaceae).

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Бажат ( Bashkir )

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Бажат (лат. Poa) —— ҡыяҡлылар ғаиләһенә ҡараған үҫемлек заты.

Яҡынса 500 төрө билдәле, ике ярымшарҙың тропик булмаған бүлкәттәрендә һәм тропик тауҙарында таралған. Башҡортостанда 13 төрө үҫә. Бушаҡ кәҫлектәр барлыҡҡа килтереүсе күп йыллыҡ (бер йыллыҡ бажат башҡа) үлән. Һабағы төҙ, бейеклеге 20—150 см тиклем. Япрағы яҫы йәки буй бөкләнгән, осло, ғәҙәттә төкһөҙ, ябыҡ еңсә һәм осло йәки тупаҫ яры телсәле. Башағы 2—8 сәскәле, өлгөргәндә бүленеүсән; башаҡ тәңкәләре ҡыяҡ, осло, аҫҡы сәскә тәңкәләре ҡылсыҡһыҙ, һиҙелер-һиҙелмәҫ киль менәнн, 3 йәки 5 һеңерсәле, нигеҙенә ҡарай буй һәм ян‑яҡ һеңерсәләре буйлап төклө. Башағы һирәк, тармаҡлы һеперткелә. Май—июлдә сәскә ата.

Емеше — яланғас бөртөксә, июнь—августа өлгөрә. Аралы бажат, бер йыллыҡ бажат, һаҙ бажаты, ябай бажат башлыса дымлы болонда, һыу ятҡылыҡтары ярында үҫә, болон бажат — болонда, тар япраҡлы бажат — ҡоро болонда, урман бажаты — респ. бөтә терр‑яһы урмандарында һәм ҡаяларында, бүлбеле бажат, дала бажаты һ. б. далала үҫеүсе бажат башлыса Башҡортостандың Урал алдында һәм Башҡортостандың Урал аръяғында осрай. Күренекле бажат субальп төрө Башҡортостан Республикаһының иң бейек тауҙарында табылған. Болон бажаты, бүлбеле бажат — мал аҙығы үҫемлектәре. Составында тритерпеноидтар, флавоноидтар һ. б. булған бер йыллыҡ бажат. (ҡайһы ваҡыт баҡсаларҙы ҡыйлай) һәм болон бажаты халыҡ медицинаһында ҡулланыла.

Болондарҙа, ҡыуаҡтар араһында, һыу ярҙары буйында, юл ҡырҙарында үҫә. 5—100 см бейеклектәге күп йыллыҡ үҫемлек. Япраҡтары тар — ҡыяҡ һамаҡ. Сәскә төркөмө — йәйенке һеперткеле, башаҡтары ваҡ, йомортҡа һамаҡ йәки эллиптик, 2-5 сәскәле. Емеше — оҙонса бөртөксә. Май-августта сәскә ата. Июнь-сентябрьҙә емештәре өлгөрә. Орлоҡтан үрсей. Мал аҙығы үләне (1 га-ҙанан 25—28 ц бесән алына). Бажат культуралы көтөүлөк һәм газон үләне булараҡ файҙаланыла. Һыуыҡҡа һәм ҡоролоҡҡа сыҙам үҫемлек.

Әҙәбиәт

Һылтанмалар

  1. Об условности отнесения описываемой в данной статье группы растений к классу однодольных см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Однодольные».
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Бажат: Brief Summary ( Bashkir )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages

Бажат (лат. Poa) —— ҡыяҡлылар ғаиләһенә ҡараған үҫемлек заты.

Яҡынса 500 төрө билдәле, ике ярымшарҙың тропик булмаған бүлкәттәрендә һәм тропик тауҙарында таралған. Башҡортостанда 13 төрө үҫә. Бушаҡ кәҫлектәр барлыҡҡа килтереүсе күп йыллыҡ (бер йыллыҡ бажат башҡа) үлән. Һабағы төҙ, бейеклеге 20—150 см тиклем. Япрағы яҫы йәки буй бөкләнгән, осло, ғәҙәттә төкһөҙ, ябыҡ еңсә һәм осло йәки тупаҫ яры телсәле. Башағы 2—8 сәскәле, өлгөргәндә бүленеүсән; башаҡ тәңкәләре ҡыяҡ, осло, аҫҡы сәскә тәңкәләре ҡылсыҡһыҙ, һиҙелер-һиҙелмәҫ киль менәнн, 3 йәки 5 һеңерсәле, нигеҙенә ҡарай буй һәм ян‑яҡ һеңерсәләре буйлап төклө. Башағы һирәк, тармаҡлы һеперткелә. Май—июлдә сәскә ата.

Емеше — яланғас бөртөксә, июнь—августа өлгөрә. Аралы бажат, бер йыллыҡ бажат, һаҙ бажаты, ябай бажат башлыса дымлы болонда, һыу ятҡылыҡтары ярында үҫә, болон бажат — болонда, тар япраҡлы бажат — ҡоро болонда, урман бажаты — респ. бөтә терр‑яһы урмандарында һәм ҡаяларында, бүлбеле бажат, дала бажаты һ. б. далала үҫеүсе бажат башлыса Башҡортостандың Урал алдында һәм Башҡортостандың Урал аръяғында осрай. Күренекле бажат субальп төрө Башҡортостан Республикаһының иң бейек тауҙарында табылған. Болон бажаты, бүлбеле бажат — мал аҙығы үҫемлектәре. Составында тритерпеноидтар, флавоноидтар һ. б. булған бер йыллыҡ бажат. (ҡайһы ваҡыт баҡсаларҙы ҡыйлай) һәм болон бажаты халыҡ медицинаһында ҡулланыла.

Болондарҙа, ҡыуаҡтар араһында, һыу ярҙары буйында, юл ҡырҙарында үҫә. 5—100 см бейеклектәге күп йыллыҡ үҫемлек. Япраҡтары тар — ҡыяҡ һамаҡ. Сәскә төркөмө — йәйенке һеперткеле, башаҡтары ваҡ, йомортҡа һамаҡ йәки эллиптик, 2-5 сәскәле. Емеше — оҙонса бөртөксә. Май-августта сәскә ата. Июнь-сентябрьҙә емештәре өлгөрә. Орлоҡтан үрсей. Мал аҙығы үләне (1 га-ҙанан 25—28 ц бесән алына). Бажат культуралы көтөүлөк һәм газон үләне булараҡ файҙаланыла. Һыуыҡҡа һәм ҡоролоҡҡа сыҙам үҫемлек.

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Нугын биелэг өвс ( mòngol )

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Veldbeemdgras Poa pratensis.jpg

Нугын биелэг өвс - (англ. Poa pratensis), (орос. Мятлик луговой)

Олон тооны үндэслэг иш бүхий хөгжлийн найлзуур элбэгтэй үндэслэг ишт эсвэл үндэслэг ишт-сийрэг дэгнүүлт, 40-50 см өндөр олон наст үет ургамал. Төдий л олон биш, нарийн шугаман навчтай, өргөн нь 4 мм хүрдэг. Олон түрүүхэй бүхий залаа баг цэцэгтэй. Бэлчээрт ургаж байгаа нугын биелэг өвс хөгжлийн маш олон найлзуур үүсгэдэг учир тооны хувьд үржлийн найлзуураасаа ямагт давамгайлж байна. Хавар нилээд их эрт ургадаг хурдан болцтой эртэч үет ургамал юм. Тавдугаар сард бүрэн буталж зургаадугаар сард түрүүлнэ. Долоодугаар сарын эхээр цэцэглэж наймдугаар сар гэхэд үр нь боловсорч есдүгээр сард хагдарсан байдаг боловч хэнз ногоо нь намар орой болтол сөл шимээ алдахгүй ургана. Нэг бут 2000-5000 ширхэг үртэй байдаг.

Нугын чийглэг хөрсөнд зохимжтой ургах боловч ойд ховорхон, нугын хээрээр нилээд олон тохиолдоно.[1]

Ашигласан материал

  1. [Г.Эрдэнэжав, Г.Балдандорж, С.Тусивахын - БНМАУ-ын тэжээлийн голлох ургамлын өнгөт альбом 1 - 1974 - хуудас 53]

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Нугын биелэг өвс: Brief Summary ( mòngol )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages
Veldbeemdgras Poa pratensis.jpg

Нугын биелэг өвс - (англ. Poa pratensis), (орос. Мятлик луговой)

Олон тооны үндэслэг иш бүхий хөгжлийн найлзуур элбэгтэй үндэслэг ишт эсвэл үндэслэг ишт-сийрэг дэгнүүлт, 40-50 см өндөр олон наст үет ургамал. Төдий л олон биш, нарийн шугаман навчтай, өргөн нь 4 мм хүрдэг. Олон түрүүхэй бүхий залаа баг цэцэгтэй. Бэлчээрт ургаж байгаа нугын биелэг өвс хөгжлийн маш олон найлзуур үүсгэдэг учир тооны хувьд үржлийн найлзуураасаа ямагт давамгайлж байна. Хавар нилээд их эрт ургадаг хурдан болцтой эртэч үет ургамал юм. Тавдугаар сард бүрэн буталж зургаадугаар сард түрүүлнэ. Долоодугаар сарын эхээр цэцэглэж наймдугаар сар гэхэд үр нь боловсорч есдүгээр сард хагдарсан байдаг боловч хэнз ногоо нь намар орой болтол сөл шимээ алдахгүй ургана. Нэг бут 2000-5000 ширхэг үртэй байдаг.

Нугын чийглэг хөрсөнд зохимжтой ургах боловч ойд ховорхон, нугын хээрээр нилээд олон тохиолдоно.

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Poa pratensis ( Anglèis )

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Poa pratensis, commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass (or blue grass), smooth meadow-grass, or common meadow-grass, is a perennial species of grass native to practically all of Europe, North Asia and the mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Although the species is spread over all of the cool, humid parts of the United States, it is not native to North America. The Spanish Empire brought the seeds of Kentucky bluegrass to the New World in mixtures with other grasses.[1] In its native range, Poa pratensis forms a valuable pasture plant, characteristic of well-drained, fertile soil. It is also used for making lawns in parks and gardens and has established itself as a common invasive weed across cool moist temperate climates like the Pacific Northwest and the Northeastern United States. When found on native grasslands in Canada, for example, it is considered an unwelcome exotic plant, and is indicative of a disturbed and degraded landscape.[2]

Taxonomy

Poa pratensis was one of the many species described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark work Species Plantarum in 1753. Poa is Greek for fodder and pratensis is derived from pratum, the Latin for meadow. The name Kentucky bluegrass derives from its flower heads, which are blue when the plant is allowed to grow to its natural height of 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 feet).[3]

Poa pratensis is the type species of the grass family Poaceae.

There are two ill-defined subspecies:

  • Poa pratensis subsp. pratensis – temperate regions
  • Poa pratensis subsp. colpodea – Arctic

Description

Poa pratensis is a herbaceous perennial plant 30–70 centimetres (12–28 in) tall. The leaves have boat-shaped tips, narrowly linear, up to 20 centimetres (8 in) long and 3–5 millimetres (0.12–0.20 in) broad, smooth or slightly roughened, with a rounded to truncate ligule 1–2 millimetres (0.039–0.079 in) long. The conical panicle is 5–20 centimetres (2–8 in) long, with 3 to 5 branches in the basal whorls; the oval spikelets are 3–6 millimetres (0.12–0.24 in) long with 2 to 5 florets, and are purplish-green or grey. They are in flower from May to July, compared to annual meadowgrass (Poa annua) which is in flower for eight months of the year. Poa pratensis has a fairly prominent mid-vein (center of the blade).

The ligule is extremely short and square-ended, making a contrast with annual meadowgrass (Poa annua) and rough meadowgrass (Poa trivialis) in which it is silvery and pointed. The Kentucky bluegrass is a dark green/blue compared to the apple-green color of Poa annua and Poa trivialis.

The rootstock is creeping, with runners (rhizomes). The broad, blunt leaves tend to spread at the base, forming close mats.

Ecology

Myrmus miriformis in Přerov, Czech Republic

Poa pratensis is among the food plants of the caterpillars of the meadow brown (Maniola jurtina), gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus), and pepper-and-salt skipper butterflies; the common sun beetle (Amara aenea) (adults feed on the developing seeds), Eupelix cuspidata of the leafhopper family, and Myrmus miriformis, a grassbug (feeds on young blades and developing seeds).[4]

Poa pratensis is host to a number of fungi, including Claviceps purpurea, which causes ergotism when consumed, Drechslera poae, Epichloë typhina, Phaeoseptoria poae, Puccinia brachypodii var. poae-nemoralis, Stagonospora montagnei, Stagonospora nodorum and Wojnowicia hirta.[5]

Cultivation and production

The Central Kentucky Blue Grass Seed Company Building is on the National Register of Historic Places. Since the 1950s and early 1960s, 90% of Kentucky bluegrass seed in the United States has been produced on specialist farms in Idaho, Oregon and Washington.

During the 1990s botanists began experimenting with hybrids of Poa pratensis and Texas bluegrass (P. arachnifera), with the goal of creating a drought and heat-resistant lawn grass. In warm climates, such hybrids may remain green year-round.[6]

Bella Bluegrass is a brand-named dwarf variant of Poa pratentis developed by the University of Nebraska. It has relatively deep roots and propagates relatively rapidly horizontally from its root system but grows to only 2–5 inches (5–13 cm) in above-ground height, basically eliminating the need for mowing lawns that use it. It cannot be reproduced by seed and thus depends on sod plugs or sprigging for its production.[7]

NFL playing surfaces

MLB playing surfaces[8]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Martin Anderson, Texas AgriLife Extension Service. "Kentucky Bluegrass". Aggie Horticulture.
  2. ^ Ksenija Vujnovic; Ross W. Wein (September 1997). "An Inventory of Remnant Prairie Grasslands Within the Central Parkland Natural Sub-Region of Alberta" (PDF): 5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Ryen, Dag (June 3, 1993). "What Makes Kentucky's Bluegrass Blue". The New York Times. p. 22. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
  4. ^ Natural England description on website Archived 2009-02-23 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Helgi Hallgrímsson & Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir (2004). Íslenskt sveppatal I - smásveppir [Checklist of Icelandic Fungi I - Microfungi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar. Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands [Icelandic Institute of Natural History]. ISSN 1027-832X
  6. ^ "Texas Bluegrass Hybrids – Bluegrass Research – Research – Bremer – Turf Information". Kansas State University Research and Extension. 2004-11-04. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  7. ^ Grant, Bonnie L. "What Is Bella Grass: Information On No Mow Bella Turf Grass". Gardening Know-How. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  8. ^ Butler, Sara (June 17, 2022). "All about the turf grass at your favorite MLB ballpark". lawnlove.com. Lawn Love. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Poa pratensis, commonly known as Kentucky bluegrass (or blue grass), smooth meadow-grass, or common meadow-grass, is a perennial species of grass native to practically all of Europe, North Asia and the mountains of Algeria and Morocco. Although the species is spread over all of the cool, humid parts of the United States, it is not native to North America. The Spanish Empire brought the seeds of Kentucky bluegrass to the New World in mixtures with other grasses. In its native range, Poa pratensis forms a valuable pasture plant, characteristic of well-drained, fertile soil. It is also used for making lawns in parks and gardens and has established itself as a common invasive weed across cool moist temperate climates like the Pacific Northwest and the Northeastern United States. When found on native grasslands in Canada, for example, it is considered an unwelcome exotic plant, and is indicative of a disturbed and degraded landscape.

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Poa pratensis ( Esperant )

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Poa pratensis, esperante herbeja poo, estas vegetala specio de la subfamilio de Pooideae. Ĝi estas plurjara. Pratensis signifas latine de pratoj.

Priskribo

 src=
Poa pratensis

Ĝi altas 20–80 cm. Ĝi havas rizomojn. Ĝia ligulo estas mallongaj kaj malkompletigataj. Ĝi havas senaristajn plurflorajn spiketojn.

Uzo

Ĝi estas kultivata por herbejo aŭ por herbotapiŝo. Ĝi povas ankaŭ esti trudherbo.

Parazitoj

Trechispora alnicola, Puccinia graminis, Epichloë typhina kaj Claviceps purpurea estas parazitoj.

Notoj

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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( Esperant )

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Poa pratensis, esperante herbeja poo, estas vegetala specio de la subfamilio de Pooideae. Ĝi estas plurjara. Pratensis signifas latine de pratoj.

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Poa pratensis ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Poa pratensis, llamada comúnmente "espiguilla", pasto azul de Kentucky, poa de los prados, grama de prado, poa común o zacate poa, es una especie de gramínea.

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Ilustración

Origen

Es nativo de prácticamente toda Europa, Asia norteña y montañas de Argelia y de Marruecos.

Características

 src=
Espécimen de Poa pratensis.
 src=
Vista de la planta
 src=
Grano

Es una herbácea perenne, crece de 30 a 60 cm (ocasionalmente hasta 90) de alto. Hoja finas, lineales, de 20 cm de largo y 3-5 mm de ancho, pulidas o ligeramente rugosas, con lígula redondeada a truncada de 1-2 mm de largo. Flores en panículas de 10-20 cm de largo, cónicas, con sus bases con 3-5 ramitas; espiguillas ovales, verdes, 3-6 mm de largo, con 2-5 flores.

Se separa por los rizomas y las sierpes y forma un césped denso. Los brotes (los rizomas y las sierpes) se producen sobre todo en la primavera y el verano tardío.

Durante finales de primavera y verano, los brotes crecen erguidos y verticales, mientras que, en primavera temprana llegan a ser más recostados.

Durante los meses del invierno pocas hojas nuevas se producen. La mayoría de los rizomas, sin embargo, se convierten debajo de la superficie del suelo como brotes de otros rizomas. Los rizomas pueden ramificar varias veces durante el año. El curso de vida de rizomas individuales se extiende comúnmente con dos estaciones de crecimiento siendo el curso de vida total de un rizoma y de su lanzamiento terminal es generalmente menor a dos años. Posee un característico color verde azulado.

Nombres vulgares

Espiguilla, Poa de los prados, Poa pratense, Grama de los prados, Grama azul, Pasto azul, Zacate azul, Cañuela entre otros.

Hibridación con Poa arachnifera

Durante los 1990s, se experimentó con híbridos de esta especie con Poa arachnifera, creando con éxito un pasto resistente al calor y a la sequía.

Algunas variedades toleran climas meridionales mejor que otros (Adelphi, Fylking, Glade, Victa y Warrens A-34).

Interés forrajero

Su producción es inferior en comparación con otras gramíneas pratenses de la zona templada aunque presenta una buena capacidad de rebrote y responde bien a los pastoreos intensivos. Su calidad nutritiva es buena y resulta un pasto muy apetecible para ganado ovino, vacuno y equino. La aptitud forrajera es buena, la mejor entre las de su género y una de las excelentes entre el resto de las plantas, da un buen césped. Es planta espontánea que no precisa resiembra y resiste admirablemente el pisoteo y pastoreo intenso.

Propagación

Se propaga a través de semillas. Los sembrados nuevos requieren luz, riego frecuente (2 a 3 veces por día para las primeras 2 semanas). Después de la aparición de la planta la frecuencia de riego puede ser reducida.

Manejo y cuidado

Se debe segar la hierba joven cuando crece sobre una altura de 5 cm del corte. Los segados subsecuentes deben ser bastante frecuentes pero no se debe quitar más de la mitad de la hoja en cada siega.

Los requisitos de nitrógeno son mucho más altos durante el año del establecimiento que durante años subsecuentes. La hierba responderá a 25 a 27 kg/ha de nitrógeno el primer año, mientras que, son adecuados entre 90 y 130 kg/ha para el mantenimiento después del primer año. Hay que tener en cuenta que durante los meses del verano esta especie puede sufrir quemaduras si se aplica demasiado nitrógeno soluble o si no se riega inmediatamente después del uso.

Usos, distribución y zonas de cultivo

Es muy utilizado en canchas de fútbol y también en parques y jardines. Hasta hace poco, esta especie se utilizaba muy poco en España, al ser las variedades disponibles de muy mala calidad, con follaje muy grueso y que tomaba un aspecto amarillento poco atractivo en el invierno. Ideal para todo tipo de jardines y en especial para campos deportivos y de golf, producción de tepe, de muy reciente obtención, fina y de bajo mantenimiento. Se suele utilizar como especie integrante de los pastos para caballos y ovejas en Estados Unidos. Se utiliza en céspedes para jardinería pública y privada y en céspedes capaces de soportar actividades deportivas incluso en campos de deporte con pisoteo intenso(fútbol, hípica, rugby) y en las calles (fairways) y salidas (tees) de los campos de golf (CIRERA, 1996).

Enfermedades

Las enfermedades importantes del césped en las zonas de transición incluyen algunas enfermedades como Fusarium, Helminthosporium, moho y moho polvoriento. Esta especie es bastante sensible a las royas y a la helmintosporiosis. Puede presentar infección por hongos endófitos productores de micotoxinas.

Requisitos ambientales

Climas templados (C3). Tolera muy bien el frío y las heladas. En condiciones de calor intenso paraliza su crecimiento. Poco tolerante a la falta de agua, prefiere condiciones de buena iluminación pero tolera la sombra.

Su temperamento edáfico es amplio, y su óptimo de pH se sitúa en torno a 6-7,5. Soporta texturas pesadas y terrenos mal drenado, aunque los prefiere bien drenados y fértiles. Tolera bastante bien el calor y la sequía, con un excelente comportamiento invernal.

Es poco exigente en nutrición mineral pero requiere suelos ricos en materia orgánica, arcillosos y húmedos.

Curiosidades

El nombre de esta planta, Kentucky Bluegrass es el origen del nombre del subgénero de la música country "Bluegrass".[1]

Taxonomía

 src=
Ilustración
 src=
En su hábitat
 src=
Inflorescencia

Poa pratensis fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 67-68. 1753.[2]

Citología

Número de cromosomas de Poa pratensis (Fam. Gramineae) y táxones infraespecíficos: n=14.[3]​ 2n=28-124[4]

Etimología

Poa: nombre genérico derivado del griego poa = (hierba, sobre todo como forraje).[5]

pratensis: epíteto latino que significa "de los prados".[6]

Sinonimia
  • Paneion pratense (L.) Lunell
  • Poa agassizensis B.Boivin & D.Löve
  • Poa anceps (Gaudin) Hegetschw. & Heer
  • Poa anceps (Gaudin) Hegelm.
  • Poa angustifolia Elliott
  • Poa angustiglumis Roshev.
  • Poa articulata Ovcz.
  • Poa avatshensis Kom.
  • Poa bidentata Stapf
  • Poa boliviensis Hack.
  • Poa bourgeaei E.Fourn.
  • Poa bourgeaei E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.
  • Poa brintnellii Raup
  • Poa caerulea Knapp
  • Poa complanata Schur
  • Poa compressoformis Rouy
  • Poa costata Schumach.
  • Poa dolichachyra Keng f. ex L.Liu
  • Poa dolichochyra Keng
  • Poa dubia Honck.
  • Poa eragrostiformis Schur
  • Poa filifolia Schur
  • Poa filiformis Link ex Schrad.
  • Poa florida N.R.Cui
  • Poa garanica Ikonn.
  • Poa gelida Roem. & Schult.
  • Poa glabra Ehrh.
  • Poa ianthoides Roiv.
  • Poa latifolia (Weihe) R.Doll
  • Poa luzoniensis Merr.
  • Poa macounii Vasey
  • Poa magensiana Potztal
  • Poa maydellii Roshev.
  • Poa montana Honck.
  • Poa nymannii Tineo
  • Poa oligeria Steud.
  • Poa pachyantha Keng f. ex S.L.Chen
  • Poa paratunkensis Kom.
  • Poa peckii Chase
  • Poa pinegensis Roshev.
  • Poa pseudopratensis Beyer
  • Poa pubescens Lej.
  • Poa rigens Hartm.
  • Poa sabulosa Turcz. ex Roshev.
  • Poa sergievskajae Prob.
  • Poa sobolevskiana Gudoschn.
  • Poa stenachyra Keng ex Keng f. & G.Q.Song
  • Poa stricta D.Don
  • Poa subglabriflora Roshev.
  • Poa todarii Lojac.
  • Poa turfosa Litv.
  • Poa urjanchaica Roshev.
  • Poa viridis Schreb. ex Pursh
  • Poa viridis Gilib.[7]

Nombre común

  • Castellano: balayo de yeguas, cedacillo, grama de los prados, grama de prados, heno, heno de Andalucía, hierba triguera, poa de los prados, poa de prados, poa pratense, yerba de los aragoneses.[8]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 12 de octubre de 2008. Consultado el 31 de enero de 2008.
  2. «Poa pratensis». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 16 de abril de 2013.
  3. Contribución al conocimiento cariológico de las Poaceae en Extremadura (España). II. Devesa, J. A. & al. (1990) Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2 63: 153-205
  4. Estudio monográfico de los géneros Poa y Bellardiochloa en la península Iberica e islas Baleares. Barcelona. Hernández Cardona, A. M. (1979)
  5. (en inglés)Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Genera of the World. Consultado el 5 de marzo de 2010.
  6. En Epítetos Botánicos
  7. Poa pratensis en PlantList
  8. «Poa pratensis». Real Jardín Botánico: Proyecto Anthos. Consultado el 16 de abril de 2013.

Bibliografía

  • European Poa Database
  • Arroyo, M.T.K., C.P. von Bohlen, L. Cavieres & C. Marticorena. 1992. Survey of the flora of Torres del Paine National Park, Chile. Gayana Botánica. 49(1-4):47-70.
  • Boelcke, O., D.M. Moore & F.A. Roig (Eds.). 1985. Transecta Botánica de la Patagonia Austral. Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnicas (Argentina). Buenos Aires. XXVIII, 733 pp.
  • Picasso
  • Agroterra
  • Rocalba

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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

fornì da wikipedia ES

Poa pratensis, llamada comúnmente "espiguilla", pasto azul de Kentucky, poa de los prados, grama de prado, poa común o zacate poa, es una especie de gramínea.

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Aasnurmikas ( Éston )

fornì da wikipedia ET

Aasnurmikas (Poa pratensis) on taimeliik kõrreliste sugukonna nurmika perekonnast.

Kirjeldus

Aasnurmika pööris on piklik ja tihe, kuni 10 cm pikkune, pööriseharud on 3–7 kaupa männases. Pähikud on kuni 5 mm pikkused ja enamasti lillakad. Välissõkla alumise osa rood ripskarvane. Keeleke on 0,1–1 mm pikkune ja tömbi tipuga. Lehed on paadikujuliselt ahenenud, 2–6 mm laiad. Alumised lehetuped on taimel lapikud ja siledad. Taimed on 30 kuni 90 cm kõrged, õitsevad juunis–juulis.[1]

Kasvukoht

Aasnurmikas kasvab karjamaadel, niitudel, teeäärtel, hõredates metsades, põldudel, kesadel.[1]

Levik

Ta on levinud Euroopas, Aasias, Aafrika põhjaosas ning Põhja-Ameerikas.

Eestis sage.[1] Samuti on aasnurmikas populaarne kultuurtaim murusegude koostisosana.

Sordiaretus

Aasnurmikast on aretatud arvukalt nii sööda- kui ka murusorte. Eestis on tuntud Jõgeva sordiaretusjaamas murutaimeks aretatud aasnurmikasort 'Esto'.

Loomakasvatus

Aasnurmikas on väärtuslik söödataim.

Kultuuriline kajastus

Aasnurmikas on levinud USA Apalatšide piirkonnas, sealhulgas Kentucky osariigis, mistõttu üks tema ingliskeelsetest nimedest on Kentucky bluegrass. Selle järgi on ansmabli Blue Grass Boys eeskujul saanud nime kantrimuusika žanr bluegrass.[2][3][4]

Galerii

Viited

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Leht, M. (toim.). 2010. Eesti taimede määraja. EMÜ, Eesti Loodusfoto, Tartu
  2. "Bluegrass Music: The Roots". International Bluegrass Music Association. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga April 30, 2011. Vaadatud September 10, 2018. Kontrolli kuupäeva väärtust kohas: |archivedate=, |accessdate= (juhend)
  3. Rosenberg, Neil (1985). Bluegrass: A History. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-00265-2, pp. 84-45
  4. "Old-Time Man" interview June 2008 Virginia Living pp. 55-7.

Välislingid

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Aasnurmikas: Brief Summary ( Éston )

fornì da wikipedia ET

Aasnurmikas (Poa pratensis) on taimeliik kõrreliste sugukonna nurmika perekonnast.

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Niittynurmikka ( Finlandèis )

fornì da wikipedia FI
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Niittynurmikan kukinto

Niittynurmikka (Poa pratensis) on tuulipölytteinen yleinen monivuotinen heinäkasvi, joka on Suomessa muinaistulokas. Kasvi aiheuttaa heinäallergiasta kärsiville henkilöille allergiaoireita.

Niittynurmikka ei ole selvärajainen laji, vaan apomiktisen lisääntymistavan myötä syntyneiden, toisistaan hieman poikkeavien pikkulajien kokonaisuus. Niittynurmikasta erotetaankin useita eri alalajeja, joita luokitellaan toisinaan myös omiksi lajeikseen. Tällaisia ovat ainakin pohjannurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena, syn. Poa alpigena), hoikkanurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia, syn. Poa angustifolia), pikkunurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata, syn. Poa irrigata), matalanurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. subcaerulea, syn. Poa subcaerulea, Poa humilis) ja itunurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea)[2][3]. Suomessa niin kutsuttuun niittynurmikkaryhmään (Poa pratensis -Ryhmä) kuuluvat niittynurmikka, pohjannurmikka, matalanurmikka ja hoikkanurmikka[4].

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Niittynurmikka kasvaa 20–70 cm korkeaksi. Sen lehdet ja korsi ovat tummanvihreät, usein hiukan sinisen vivahtavat. Lehdet ovat kourumaisia ja kärjistään veneenmuotoisia. Kukintona on 10–20 cm pitkä, harmahtavanvihreä röyhy, jonka tähkylät ovat soikeita.

Levinneisyys

Niittynurmikkaa tavataan lähes koko pohjoisella pallonpuoliskolla Siperian ja Kanadan pohjoisosia sekä Alaskaa ja Grönlantia lukuun ottamatta.[2] Niittynurmikasta on useita huonosti määriteltyjä alalajeja; koska se on suosittu rehukasvi, sen siementä on kuljetettu eri puolille maailmaa ja kotoperäiset kannat ovat sekaantuneet.[5]

Käyttö

Niittynurmikkaa kasvatetaan rehu- ja laidunkasvina sekä nurmikkosekoituksissa.[6]

Se kasvaa hitaasti mutta kestää hyvin tallaamista. Yhdysvalloissa sitä kutsutaan nimellä Kentucky Bluegrass. Se oli aiemmin suosittu golfkenttien ruoholaji, mutta se ei kestä kovin lyhyeksi leikkaamista ja on siksi jäänyt syrjään.[7]

Lähteet

  1. Maiz-Tome, L.: Poa pratensis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. 2016. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 30.10.2016. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Virtuella floran
  3. Kassu – Kasvien suomenkieliset nimet: Poa Kassu – Kasvien suomenkieliset nimet. Viitattu 6.6.2018.
  4. Kasviatlas 2016: Poa pratensis Kasviatlas. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo. Viitattu 6.6.2018.
  5. Tampere.fi
  6. Rakentaja.fi
  7. Suomen golfkentänhoitajien yhdistys

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä kasveihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Niittynurmikka: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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 src= Niittynurmikan kukinto

Niittynurmikka (Poa pratensis) on tuulipölytteinen yleinen monivuotinen heinäkasvi, joka on Suomessa muinaistulokas. Kasvi aiheuttaa heinäallergiasta kärsiville henkilöille allergiaoireita.

Niittynurmikka ei ole selvärajainen laji, vaan apomiktisen lisääntymistavan myötä syntyneiden, toisistaan hieman poikkeavien pikkulajien kokonaisuus. Niittynurmikasta erotetaankin useita eri alalajeja, joita luokitellaan toisinaan myös omiksi lajeikseen. Tällaisia ovat ainakin pohjannurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena, syn. Poa alpigena), hoikkanurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. angustifolia, syn. Poa angustifolia), pikkunurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata, syn. Poa irrigata), matalanurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. subcaerulea, syn. Poa subcaerulea, Poa humilis) ja itunurmikka (Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea). Suomessa niin kutsuttuun niittynurmikkaryhmään (Poa pratensis -Ryhmä) kuuluvat niittynurmikka, pohjannurmikka, matalanurmikka ja hoikkanurmikka.

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Pâturin des prés ( Fransèis )

fornì da wikipedia FR

Poa pratensis

Le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis) est une plante herbacée vivace très commune de la famille des Poaceae.

Description

 src=
Pâturin des prés, planche botanique

Il s'agit d'une plante vivace à rhizomes traçants de 15 à 40 cm de hauteur, ce qui en fait un meilleur gazon que le pâturin annuel.

Variétés cultivées

Près de 10 variétés sont inscrites au Catalogue officiel des espèces et variétés[1] ; elles ont été créées par 9 entreprises de sélection et plus de 190[Passage contradictoire] sont inscrites au Catalogue européen [2].

Utilisation

Le pâturin des prés est utilisé pour constituer des pelouses denses et rustiques. Il peut aussi être considéré comme une mauvaise herbe.

C'est aussi une plante fourragère de bonne valeur alimentaire mais de rendement médiocre. On la rencontre fréquemment dans les prairies permanentes où elle présente l'avantage de combler rapidement les trous laissés par le surpâturage ou la sécheresse[3].

Notes et références

  1. Catalogue français des espèces et variétés
  2. [1] Plant variety database European commission
  3. « Les espèces prairiales », sur GNIS, 2 juillet 2018

Sources

Skye Flora

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Pâturin des prés: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Poa pratensis

Le pâturin des prés (Poa pratensis) est une plante herbacée vivace très commune de la famille des Poaceae.

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Poa pratensis ( Irlandèis )

fornì da wikipedia GA

Saghas féir ilbhliantúil is ea Poa pratensiscuise mín. Fásann sé 2–3 troigh ar ard agus tagann bláthanna beaga gorma air. Planda féaraigh atá ann. Tá sé dúchasach sna críocha den leathsféar thuaidh ina mbíonn aeráid mheasartha ann.

Fásann an cuise mín go réidh i dtalamh méith atá triomaithe go maith. Úsáidtear é i dtógáil páirceanna agus gairdíní. Tá sé coitianta in áiteanna ina mbíonn an aeráid fionnuar tais cosúil le oirthuaisceart na Stát Aontaithe. Tíopa speicis den ghéineas Poaceae atá ann.

 src=
Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Łučna lipnica ( Sorbian superior )

fornì da wikipedia HSB

Łučna lipnica (Poa pratensis) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).

Wopis

Stejnišćo

Rozšěrjenje

Wužiwanje

Nóžki

  1. Pawoł Völkel: Prawopisny słownik hornjoserbskeje rěče. Hornjoserbsko-němski słownik. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin 2005, ISBN 3-7420-1920-1, str. 238.
  2. W internetowym słowniku: Rispengras

Žórła

  • Aichele, D., Golte-Bechtle, M.: Was blüht denn da: Wildwachsende Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Kosmos Naturführer (1997)
  • Brankačk, Jurij: Wobrazowy słownik hornjoserbskich rostlinskich mjenow na CD ROM. Rěčny centrum WITAJ, wudaće za serbske šule. Budyšin 2005.
  • Kubát, K. (Hlavní editor): Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha (2002)
  • Lajnert, Jan: Rostlinske mjena. Serbske. Němske. Łaćanske. Rjadowane po přirodnym systemje. Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag Berlin (1954)
  • Rězak, Filip: Němsko-serbski wšowědny słownik hornjołužiskeje rěče. Donnerhak, Budyšin (1920)

Eksterne wotkazy

Commons
Hlej wotpowědne dataje we Wikimedia Commons:
Łučna lipnica
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Łučna lipnica: Brief Summary ( Sorbian superior )

fornì da wikipedia HSB

Łučna lipnica (Poa pratensis) je rostlina ze swójby słódkich trawow (Poaceae).

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Vallarsveifgras ( Islandèis )

fornì da wikipedia IS

Vallarsveifgras (fræðiheiti: Poa pratensis) er ein af mörgum tegundum sveifgrasa (Poa) sem finna má í heiminum. Á Íslandi vex tegundin villt en er einnig notuð til túnræktar, í íþróttavelli og í grasflatir.

Greiningareinkenni

 src=
Neðanjarðarrenglur á vallarsveifgrasi

Vallarsveifgras er fremur lágvaxin tegund, hún er oftast 30-50 sm á hæð. Tegundin tilheyrir puntgrösum og er puntur vallarsveifgrass keilulaga, þar sem neðstu greinar puntsins eru lengstar. Hvert smáax hefur 3-5 blóm. Axagnirnar eru oftast fjólubláar.

Blöð plöntunnar eru fremur breið (3-5 mm), flöt og enda í totu, líkt og bátsstefni. Það er gott greiningareinkenni sveifgrasa. Vallarsveifgras myndar öflugar neðanjarðarrenglur og fjölgar sér gjarnan þannig.

Notkun

Vallarsveifgras hefur í ríkum mæli verið notað til túnræktar, þó notkun þess hefur eilítið minnkað síðustu árin. Það gefur þokkalega uppskeru og gefur góðan endurvöxt. Fóðrið er lystugt, næringar- og steinefnaríkt. Því er gjarnan sáð í blöndu með vallarfoxgrasi. Það er einnig töluvert notað í íþróttavelli og grasflatir vegna þess hvað það þolir traðk vel.

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Vallarsveifgras: Brief Summary ( Islandèis )

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Vallarsveifgras (fræðiheiti: Poa pratensis) er ein af mörgum tegundum sveifgrasa (Poa) sem finna má í heiminum. Á Íslandi vex tegundin villt en er einnig notuð til túnræktar, í íþróttavelli og í grasflatir.

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Poa pratensis ( Italian )

fornì da wikipedia IT

Poa pratensis L., 1753, chiamata comunemente erba fienarola, è una specie di pianta erbacea appartenente alla famiglia delle Poacee, estremamente diffusa e per questo talvolta considerata infestante. Cresce in Europa, Asia, Nordafrica e Nord America.

Usi

Viene utilizzata nei prati dei campi da calcio.[1]

Tassonomia

La specie presenta alcune sottospecie:

  • Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena (Fries ex Blytt) Hiitonen
  • Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea (Fries ex Blytt) Tzvelev
  • Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata (Lindm.) Lindb. f.
  • Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis L.

Note

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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Poa pratensis L., 1753, chiamata comunemente erba fienarola, è una specie di pianta erbacea appartenente alla famiglia delle Poacee, estremamente diffusa e per questo talvolta considerata infestante. Cresce in Europa, Asia, Nordafrica e Nord America.

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Pievinė miglė ( lituan )

fornì da wikipedia LT

Pievinė miglė (Poa pratensis) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos daugiametis žolinis augalas.

Žemaūgė (30–70 cm), retakerė. Lapai 20 cm ilgio, 3–5 mm pločio. Žydi smulkiais žiedeliais gegužės-liepos mėnesiais. Lapamakštės labai trumpos. Tai viena labiausiai paplitusių varpinių žolių. Gerai auga lygumų priemolio dirvose. Suželia anksti pavasarį, nebijo šalnų, atspari sausroms[1]. Vertingas pašarinis augalas.

Šaltiniai

  1. Pievinė miglė. Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija, T. 3 (Masaitis-Simno). – Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1987. 77 psl.
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Žiedynas


Vikiteka

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Pievinė miglė: Brief Summary ( lituan )

fornì da wikipedia LT

Pievinė miglė (Poa pratensis) – miglinių (Poaceae) šeimos daugiametis žolinis augalas.

Žemaūgė (30–70 cm), retakerė. Lapai 20 cm ilgio, 3–5 mm pločio. Žydi smulkiais žiedeliais gegužės-liepos mėnesiais. Lapamakštės labai trumpos. Tai viena labiausiai paplitusių varpinių žolių. Gerai auga lygumų priemolio dirvose. Suželia anksti pavasarį, nebijo šalnų, atspari sausroms. Vertingas pašarinis augalas.

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Veldbeemdgras ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Veldbeemdgras (Poa pratensis) is een plant uit de grassenfamilie (Poaceae) die veel gebruikt wordt voor de inzaai van gazon- en sportvelden. Het wordt ook in grasmengsels voor voederdoeleinden gebruikt, maar is in Duitsland voor dit doel veel belangrijker dan in Nederland. In Nederland wordt de soort in weilanden door Engels raaigras weggeconcurreerd. Het aantal chromosomen per plant varieert van 2n=28 tot meer dan 100. Veldbeemdgras is dan ook een klonale soort, die zich hoofdzakelijk door zaad via apomixie en vegetatief door ondergrondse uitlopers (rizomen) voortplant. Sommige rassen afkomstig uit de Scandinavische landen vertonen een winterrust, waarbij de bovengrondse bladeren afsterven.

 src=
Plant met uitlopers

Veldbeemdgras is een vaste plant, die een dichte zode vormt.

Veldbeemdgras wordt afhankelijk van het ras 10-90 cm hoog en bloeit met een pluim in mei tot juni. De aartjes hebben drie tot vijf bloempjes, waarvan de kelk- en kroonkafjes evenlang zijn, ongeveer 3 mm. Het onderste kroonkafje (lemma) is onderaan sterk wollig behaard. De meeldraad heeft ongeveer 2 mm lange, violette helmhokjes.

Het blad is 2-5 mm breed. De kleur kan afhankelijk van het ras licht- tot donkergroen zijn. Bij de lichtgroene rassen valt het onkruid straatgras in een gazon niet op. De top van het blad is iets naar binnen gebogen en bij gladstrijken scheurt de top en vormt dan een v. Langs de hoofdnerf lopen twee lichte lijnen, die als het blad tegen het licht gehouden wordt goed te zien zijn. Op de grens van bladschijf en bladschede zit een tot ongeveer 1 mm breed tongetje (ligula). De bladschede kan kaal tot wollig behaard zijn.

 src=
tongetje met op blad aantasting door bruine-vlekkenroest

De vrucht is een graanvrucht.

De plant groeit zowel op droge als natte en zilte grond en kan betreden vrij goed verdragen.

Ziekten

 src=
Bruine-vlekkenroest

Veldbeemdgras kan aangetast worden door bladvlekkenziekte (Drechslera poae), bruine-vlekkenroest (Puccinia poae-nemoralis), oranje-strepen roest (Puccinia poarum f.sp. poarum) en echte meeldauw (Erysiphe graminis). De rassen zijn hier verschillend vatbaar voor.

Waardplant

Veldbeemdgras is een waardplant voor de rupsen van de vlinders dambordje, hooibeestje, koevinkje, bruin zandoogje en bleke grasworteluil.

Externe link

Wikimedia Commons Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Poa pratensis op Wikimedia Commons.
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Veldbeemdgras: Brief Summary ( olandèis; flamand )

fornì da wikipedia NL

Veldbeemdgras (Poa pratensis) is een plant uit de grassenfamilie (Poaceae) die veel gebruikt wordt voor de inzaai van gazon- en sportvelden. Het wordt ook in grasmengsels voor voederdoeleinden gebruikt, maar is in Duitsland voor dit doel veel belangrijker dan in Nederland. In Nederland wordt de soort in weilanden door Engels raaigras weggeconcurreerd. Het aantal chromosomen per plant varieert van 2n=28 tot meer dan 100. Veldbeemdgras is dan ook een klonale soort, die zich hoofdzakelijk door zaad via apomixie en vegetatief door ondergrondse uitlopers (rizomen) voortplant. Sommige rassen afkomstig uit de Scandinavische landen vertonen een winterrust, waarbij de bovengrondse bladeren afsterven.

 src= Plant met uitlopers

Veldbeemdgras is een vaste plant, die een dichte zode vormt.

Veldbeemdgras wordt afhankelijk van het ras 10-90 cm hoog en bloeit met een pluim in mei tot juni. De aartjes hebben drie tot vijf bloempjes, waarvan de kelk- en kroonkafjes evenlang zijn, ongeveer 3 mm. Het onderste kroonkafje (lemma) is onderaan sterk wollig behaard. De meeldraad heeft ongeveer 2 mm lange, violette helmhokjes.

Het blad is 2-5 mm breed. De kleur kan afhankelijk van het ras licht- tot donkergroen zijn. Bij de lichtgroene rassen valt het onkruid straatgras in een gazon niet op. De top van het blad is iets naar binnen gebogen en bij gladstrijken scheurt de top en vormt dan een v. Langs de hoofdnerf lopen twee lichte lijnen, die als het blad tegen het licht gehouden wordt goed te zien zijn. Op de grens van bladschijf en bladschede zit een tot ongeveer 1 mm breed tongetje (ligula). De bladschede kan kaal tot wollig behaard zijn.

 src= tongetje met op blad aantasting door bruine-vlekkenroest

De vrucht is een graanvrucht.

De plant groeit zowel op droge als natte en zilte grond en kan betreden vrij goed verdragen.

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Wiechlina łąkowa ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Wiechlina łąkowa (Poa pratensis L.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny wiechlinowatych (Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh.), występujący powszechnie w Europie, Azji, północnej Afryce oraz Ameryce Północnej. W Polsce rośnie dziko na całym niżu i w niższych położeniach górskich i jest rośliną pospolitą. Jest także rośliną uprawną.

 src=
Kwiatostan
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Języczki i pochwy liściowe

Morfologia

Pokrój
Wysokość 20–70 cm, czasem wyższa, rozłogowo-kępkowa. Roślina wieloletnia. Wytwarza liczne rozłogi tworzące gęstą i równą darń. Na źdźble występują liczne martwe pochwy liściowe.
Liście
Blaszki liściowe, ciemnozielone, o długości ok. 20 cm, obficie unerwione z charakterystycznymi rowkami wzdłuż nerwu środkowego. U podstawy liścia występuje krótki, ucięty lub zaokrąglony języczek.
Kwiaty
Kwiatostan w postaci wiechy o długości ok. 20 cm. Wiecha w okresie kwitnienia jest rozpierzchła, potem ścieśnia się. Z drobnych, jajowatych, brunatnych kłosków wyrasta od 2 do 5 żółtych kwiatków o plewach równej długości. Znamiona słupka piórkowate, pylniki niebieskawe. Okres kwitnienia - od maja do sierpnia.
Owoce
Oplewione ziarniaki o barwie szarawej, szerokości do 1 mm i długości do 4 mm.

Ekologia

Porasta łąki i zarośla. Pospolita trawa niezbyt wilgotnych terenów niżowych. W górach rośnie aż po piętro kosówki. Hemikryptofit.

W klasyfikacji zbiorowisk roślinnych gatunek charakterystyczny dla Cl. Molinio-Arrhenatheretea[2].

Systematyka i zmienność

Tworzy mieszańce z wiechliną spłaszczoną i wiechliną zwyczajną[3].

Zastosowanie

Trawa uprawna o bardzo dobrych właściwościach pastewnych. Stosowana na średnio wilgotne łąki, pastwiska oraz inne użytki zielone, takie jak trawniki czy obiekty sportowe, często w mieszance z nasionami innych traw.

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2011-01-04].
  2. Władysław Matuszkiewicz: Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk roślinnych Polski. Warszawa: Wyd. Naukowe PWN, 2006. ISBN 83-01-14439-4.
  3. Lucjan Rutkowski: Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej. Wyd. Naukowe PWN, 2006. ISBN 83-01-14342-8.

Linki zewnętrzne

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Wiechlina łąkowa: Brief Summary ( polonèis )

fornì da wikipedia POL

Wiechlina łąkowa (Poa pratensis L.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny wiechlinowatych (Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnh.), występujący powszechnie w Europie, Azji, północnej Afryce oraz Ameryce Północnej. W Polsce rośnie dziko na całym niżu i w niższych położeniach górskich i jest rośliną pospolitą. Jest także rośliną uprawną.

 src= Kwiatostan  src= Języczki i pochwy liściowe
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Poa pratensis ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Poa pratensis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 67–68. 1753.[1]

Os seus nomes comuns são cabelo-de-cão-de-colmo-liso ou erva-de-febra.[2]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental, no Arquipélago dos Açores e no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é nativa de Portugal Continental e no Arquipélago da Madeira e introduzida no Arquipélago dos Açores.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org/Name/25512740>
  2. Poa pratensis - Flora Digital de Portugal. jb.utad.pt/flora.

Bibliografia

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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Poa pratensis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 67–68. 1753.

Os seus nomes comuns são cabelo-de-cão-de-colmo-liso ou erva-de-febra.

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Ängsgröe ( svedèis )

fornì da wikipedia SV

Ängsgröe (Poa pratensis) är ett blåskimrande, mycket vanligt gräs.

 src=
Ängsgröe

Habitat

Wiki letter w.svg
Detta stubb-avsnitt behöver utökas. (2015-11)

Utbredningskartor

  • Norden [2]
  • Norra halvklotet [3]
    • Poa pratensis ssp angustifolia [4]
    • Poa pratensis ssp alpigena [5]

Biotop

Wiki letter w.svg
Detta stubb-avsnitt behöver utökas. (2015-11)

Användning

  • Gräsmattor. Ängsgröe ger mattorna god slitstyrka, och används därför bl a till fotbollsplaner, men kräver god tillgång till näring och vatten.
  • Bete för boskap

Svenska synonymer

  • Blådaggigt ängsgröe
  • Nordgröe
  • Nordligt ängsgröe (ssp. alpigena)
  • Silvergröe (ssp. subcaerulea)
  • Skogsgröe (ssp. angustifolia)
  • Smalbladigt ängsgröe
  • Smalgröe
  • Smågröe
  • Smårapp
  • Torvgröe (ssp. irrigata)

Bygdemål

Namn Trakt Ref. Kommentar Jegar Västerbotten [1] Slåttergrå [2] Slåttergräs [2] Ängsgrö [2]

Etymologi

Pratensis (pratense) betyder på ängen, av latin pratum.

Kuriosa

Ängsgröe heter på engelska bluegrass, och namnet har givit upphov till både regionen Bluegrass, Kentucky i USA och därav musikgenren bluegrass.

Not

  1. ^ Ernst Rietz: Svenskt dialektlexikon, sida 296 (spalt 2), Gleerups, Lund 1862–1867, faksimilutgåva Malmö 1962 [1]
  2. ^ [a b c] Maja-Lisa Perby: En kulturskatt av svenska namn på växter

Externa länkar

Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Ängsgröe: Brief Summary ( svedèis )

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Ängsgröe (Poa pratensis) är ett blåskimrande, mycket vanligt gräs.

 src= Ängsgröe
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Тонконіг лучний ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK

Опис

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Ілюстрація тонконога лучного у книзі Яна Копса «Flora Batava», Volume 18 (1889)
 src=
Волоть тонконога лучного
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Колос тонконога лучного
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Насіння тонконога лучного
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Тонконіг лучний в Національному парку Халєакала, на острові Мауї, Гаваї, США

Багаторічна рослина з поодинокими або декількома зібраними в пухкі дерновинки пагонами і повзучим кореневищем. Стебла (15)20–80(120) см заввишки, округлі, гладкі. Листові пластинки 2–4(5) мм завширшки, плоскі або складені вздовж, коротко загострені. Листові пластинки верхнього листка в 2–3 рази коротше їх піхви. Піхви від основи замкнуті не менше ніж на третину. Язичок 0,5–2(4) мм довжиною, тупий. Суцвіття — пірамідальна волоть, 5–20 см завдовжки. Колоски 3,5–7 мм завдовжки, з 3–5(7) квітками. Колоскові луски 1,5–4,5 мм завдовжки, з 1–3 жилками, ланцетні гострі. Верхня колоскова луска по кілю з видовженими, але не горбкуватими шипиками. Нижня квіткова луска 2,5–4,3 мм завдовжки, ланцетна, з п'ятьма жилками, без помітних проміжних жилок, по кілю і вздовж крайових жилок в нижній частині волосиста, в основі (на калусі) з пучком довгих звивистих волосків. Верхня квіткова луска по кілям з шипиками. Виключно поліморфний вид.

Вітро- і самозапилювальна рослина. Автохор. Розмножується насінням. Цвіте в червні й липні, плодоносить у липній серпні. Вегетаційний період триває до пізньої осені.

Число хромосом — 2n = 28, 52, 56, 62, 70.

Поширення

Природний ареал

Ареал натуралізації

Інтродукований і занесений в багато інших нетропічних країн.

Культивування

Екологія

Зростає на луках, прирічкових галечниках, лісових галявинах і узліссях, в розріджених світлих лісах і заростях чагарників, на болотах, по берегах водойм, біля доріг і на пустирях. Може утворювати чисті зарості.

Господарське значення

Гарна кормова рослина пасовищного і сінокісного використання. Поживна і охоче поїдається худобою. Належить до ранніх скоростиглих видів.

Тонконіг лучний витримує тривале затоплення талими водами. Найкраще росте при заляганні ґрунтових вод на глибині 0,5-1,0 м. Чудово витримує суворі зими і пізні заморозки, досить посухостійкий. Під час тривалої літньої посухи (липень) може підгоряти. Дуже чутливий до кислотності ґрунту (рН — в межах 5,5 — 6,5). До засолення ґрунту ставиться негативно. Значною мірою схильний до захворювань борошнистою росою та іржею.

Використовується для влаштування газонів. На родючих ґрунтах і в сонячних місцях найбільш стійкий до витоптування вид газонних рослин. Він утворює добре пронизану корінням дернину. При скошуванні або стравлюванні у нього швидко утворюються нові пагони. На родючих ґрунтах росте швидше, посухостійкий, зберігається на газонах роками. Оптимальна висота скошування газону з тонконога 4 см. Сильне витоптування переносить починаючи з 3-річного віку. Рослина довговічна. При сприятливих умовах добре зберігається в травостоях — 10-15 і більше років. До кліматичних умов невимоглива.

Примітки

  1. Довідник назв рослин України від Наукового товариства імені Шевченка, Лісівничої академії наук України, за участю працівників Державного природознавчого музею НАН України та студентів і викладачів Прикарпатського лісогосподарського коледжу; розробка веб-ресурсу: Третяк Платон Романович
  2. Poa pratensis // Ю. Кобів. Словник українських наукових і народних назв судинних рослин (Серія «Словники України»). — Київ : Наукова думка, 2004. — 800 с. — ISBN 966-00-0355-2.

Див. також

Література

  • Ломоносова М. Н., Большаков Н. М., Красноборов И. М., Кашина Л. И., Турицина Н. Н., Гельтман Д. В., Шемберг М. П. Флора Сибири (в 14 томах). Том 2. Poaceae (Gramineae). Под ред. д-ра биол.наук, проф. Кроасноборова И. М., д-ра биол. наук Малышева Л. И. — Новосибирск, Наука. Сиб. отделение, 1990, 361 стр. ISBN 5-02-028894-2 (рос.)
  • Цвелев Н. Н. Злаки СССР. Ленинград: Наука, Ленинградское отделение, 1976. 788 с.
  • Брежнев Д. Д., Коровина О. Н. Дикие сородичи культурных растений флоры СССР. Л.: Колос, 1981. — С.35.
  • Губанов И. А., Киселева К. В., Новиков В. С., Тихомиров В. Н. Иллюстрированный определитель растений Средней России. Т. 1. М.: Т-во научных изданий КМК, 2002. 526 с.
  • Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. 2009. Våra kulturväxters namn — ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). (швед.)
  • Alderson, J. & W. C. Sharp. 1995. Grass varieties in the United States, U.S.D.A. Agric. Handb. 170, rev. ed. (англ.)
  • Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand. (англ.)
  • Bor, N. L. 1960. The grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. (англ.)
  • Brummitt, R. K. 2000. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 50. Taxon 49:802. [conservation proposal recommended]. (англ.)
  • CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) (англ.)
  • Cronquist, A. et al. 1972-. Intermountain flora. (англ.)
  • Davis, P. H., ed. 1965—1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (англ.)
  • Douglas, G. W. et al., eds. 1994. The vascular plants of British Colombia. (англ.)
  • Englert, J. M. et al. 1999-. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators. (англ.)
  • FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America. (англ.)
  • Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139-247. (англ.)
  • Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. (англ.)
  • Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. (англ.)
  • Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States, ed. 2. (англ.)
  • International Seed Testing Association. 1982. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. (англ.)
  • Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. 2004. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. (англ.)
  • Koyama, T. 1987. Grasses of Japan and its neighboring regions. (англ.)
  • Lee, Y. N. 1997. Flora of Korea. (англ.)
  • Lv, C. C. et al. 2011. First report of dollar spot of Agrostis stolonifera, Poa pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and Zoysia japonica caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in China. New Dis. Rep. 23, 37. [DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2011.023.037]. (англ.)
  • Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (англ.)
  • McGregor, R. L. et al. (The Great Plains Flora Association). 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. (англ.)
  • Meikle, R. D. 1977—1985. Flora of Cyprus. (англ.)
  • Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:118. (англ.)
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  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. (англ.)
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  • Shortell, R. R. et al. 2009. Classification and inheritance of morphological and agronomic characteristics in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). HortScience 44:274-279. (англ.)
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  • Soreng, R. J. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48:557. (англ.)
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  • University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program. UC SAREP on-line cover crop database (on-line resource). (англ.)
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Джерела

Посилання

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Poa pratensis ( vietnamèis )

fornì da wikipedia VI

Poa pratensis là một loài cỏ trong họ hòa thảo, thuộc chi poa.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo


Bài viết chủ đề tông thực vật Poeae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Poa pratensis: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Poa pratensis là một loài cỏ trong họ hòa thảo, thuộc chi poa.

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Мятлик луговой ( russ; russi )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Lilianae
Порядок: Злакоцветные
Семейство: Злаки
Подсемейство: Мятликовые
Триба: Мятликовые
Подтриба: Мятликовые
Род: Мятлик
Вид: Мятлик луговой
Международное научное название

Poa pratensis L., 1753

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ITIS 41088NCBI 4545EOL 1114583GRIN t:28996IPNI 417792-1TPL kew-436906

Мя́тлик лугово́й (лат. Poa praténsis) — многолетнее растение; вид рода Мятлик (Poa) семейства Злаки (Poaceae); кормовая трава, один из самых ранних злаков.

Распространение и экология

В природе ареал вида охватывает умеренные районы Северного полушария. Натурализовалось в Австралии и Новой Зеландии[2].

В 1955 году мятлик луговой был случайно занесён на север Антарктического полуострова, где локальная популяция существует до сих пор, занимая площадь около 1 м²[3].

Произрастает по лугам, полям и лесным опушкам.

Растёт на различных почвах, даже на песчаных, хотя предпочитает рыхлые, средневлажные плодородные земли. Устойчив к погодным условиям. На лугах разрастается очень густо, дёрн не густой.

После укоса побеги вытягиваются медленно и достигают не больше 30 см.

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Ботаническая иллюстрация из книги К. А. М. Линдмана Bilder ur Nordens Flora, 1917—1926

Ботаническое описание

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Сверху вниз:
Стебель и листья.
Колоски

Растение с ползучими и подземными побегами, образующее иногда довольно густые, рыхлые дерновины. Стебли высотой 30—90 см, реже 10—20, приподнимающиеся, гладкие.

Листья узколинейные, шириной до 4 мм, плоские, гладкие или слегка шершавые. Язычок длиной 0,5—2 мм, тупой.

Метёлка длиной до 20 см, продолговатая или пирамидальная, многоколосковая, с шероховатыми веточками, сидящими по 3—5 вместе. Колоски яйцевидные, длиной 3,5—6 мм, 2—5-цветковые, зелёные, реже фиолетовые. Колосковые чешуи почти одинаковые, заострённые; нижние цветковые чешуи ланцетовидные, с выдающимися опушёнными жилками, при основании с многочисленными соединительными волокнами.

Наибольшего развития достигает на втором и третьем году. Цветёт только раз в году, но при благоприятных условиях может дать и второй укос.

Значение и применение

Ценное растение для сухих и свежих лугов и пастбищ, обсеваемых смесью кормовых трав, куда он входит в количестве 5—10 %. Прорастает через 7—8 дней, средняя всхожесть 27 %, сорность — 24 %, хоз. годность — 20 %. Сбор семян в июле и августе, до полного созревания. Благодаря длинной шерсти, покрывающей спинку и бока семени, вся масса семян легко сбивается в комки. Перед посевом их протирают сквозь сито. Косится на сено мятлик до 70 % своего веса. Сено бедно водой, богато белковыми веществами. Как в свежем, так и в сухом виде представляет нежный и питательный корм, охотно поедается всяким скотом. В среднем дает около 1600 кг сена с гектара. Пригоден также для пастбищ. В Северной Америке он является наиболее важным пастбищным злаком и стоит на втором месте вслед за тимофеевкой по ценности урожая. Неофициальное прозвище штата Кентукки (Bluegrass State) связано с мятликом (англ. bluegrass, букв. «синяя трава»), культивирующимся в этих местах; английское название мятлика было перенесено и на один из жанров музыки кантриблюграсс, возникший в Кентукки.

Используется также как газонная трава.

Представители

В рамках вида выделяют ряд подвидов[4][2]:

  • Poa pratensis subsp. alpigena (Blytt) Hiitonen — Мятлик альпигенный.
  • [syn. Poa alpigena (Blytt) Lindm. — Мятлик высокогорный]
  • Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia (L.) Dumort. — Мятлик узколистный
  • [syn. Poa angustifolia L. — Мятлик узколистный]
  • Poa pratensis subsp. colpodea (Th.Fries.) Tzvel. — Мятлик колподиевый
  • Poa pratensis subsp. pratensis — Мятлик луговой
  • Poa pratensis subsp. rigens (Hartm.) Tzvel. — Мятлик жестковатый
  • Poa pratensis subsp. sabulosa (Roshev.) Tzvel. — Мятлик песчаный
  • Poa pratensis subsp. sergievskajae (Probat.) Tzvel. — Мятлик Сергиевской
  • Poa pratensis subsp. skrjabinii Tzvel. — Мятлик Скрябина
  • Poa pratensis subsp. sobolevskiana (Gudoschn.) Tzvel. — Мятлик Соболевской

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса однодольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Однодольные».
  2. 1 2 По данным сайта GRIN (см. карточку растения).
  3. Pertierra L. R. et al. Poa pratensis L., current status of the longest-established non-native vascular plant in the Antarctic // Polar Biology. — October 2013. — Vol. 36, № 10. — P. 1473—148. — ISSN 0722-4060. — DOI:10.1007/s00300-013-1367-8.
  4. По данным книги «Злаки СССР» (см. раздел Литература).
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Мятлик луговой: Brief Summary ( russ; russi )

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Мя́тлик лугово́й (лат. Poa praténsis) — многолетнее растение; вид рода Мятлик (Poa) семейства Злаки (Poaceae); кормовая трава, один из самых ранних злаков.

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草地早熟禾 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

草地早熟禾学名Poa pratensis)是一禾本科植物。这种植物原产于欧亚大陆中亚细亚区,广泛分布于北温带冷凉湿润地区。在中国分布于东北河北山东山西内蒙古甘肃新疆青海西藏四川江西区。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 北京农业数字信息资源中心. 饲用植物数据库. [2012-08-21].[失效連結]


小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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草地早熟禾: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

草地早熟禾(学名:Poa pratensis)是一禾本科植物。这种植物原产于欧亚大陆中亚细亚区,广泛分布于北温带冷凉湿润地区。在中国分布于东北河北山东山西内蒙古甘肃新疆青海西藏四川江西区。

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왕포아풀 ( Corean )

fornì da wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

왕포아풀(영어: poa pratensis, smooth meadow-grass, common meadow-grass) 또는 상업적으로 켄터키 블루그래스(영어: Kentucky bluegrass)는 서양 각국의 정원이나 공원의 잔디밭을 이루는 대표적인 품종이다. 한국에서는 농가의 담밑이나 개울가의 습지에서 자생한다. 한지형 잔디로 더울 때는 잘 자라지 못하고 병이 많이 발생하며, 서늘할 때 잘 자란다. 불완전 포복형으로 잎의 나비는 3 ~ 4mm이고, 높이는 30 ~ 50cm로 자란다. 출수 개화하면 80cm에 달한다. 건조·답압·병충해에 약하다.

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