dcsimg

Distribution in Egypt ( Anglèis )

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Nile region, Oases, Mediterranean region, Egyptian desert and Sinai (St.Katherine).

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Global Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Southern Europe, Mediterranean region, eastwards to central Asia, widely introduced as a weed.

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Associations ( Anglèis )

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Foodplant / parasite
embedded sorus of Urocystis bolivarii parasitises live Lolium rigidum

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Comments ( Anglèis )

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This taxon comprises a polymorphic species complex. It is a good fodder grass, introduced in temperate parts of the world.
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 243, 244 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Comments ( Anglèis )

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This species intergrades with both Lolium perenne and Lolium multiflorurn. Certain variants are almost impossible to distinguish from the former if the base of the plant is missing since the only difference is that one is annual and the other perennial.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 378 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Annual; culms (6-)18-45(-70) cm high, tufted, erect or geniculate at the base, moderately stout. Leaf-blades 5-17 cm long, 0.5-5(-8) mm wide, usually flat, with or without auricles up to 3.5 mm long at the base. Spikes straight or curved, 3-30 cm long, the rhachis rigid, slender to very thick, the spikelets slightly less than their own length apart. Spikelets 5-18 mm long, 5-8(-11)-flowered; upper glume 4-20(-30) mm long, half as long as to longer than the spikelets, 3-7(-9)-nerved, obtuse, rarely acute to acuminate; lemmas oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3.2-8.5(-105) mm long, glabrous to scaberulous, obtuse, acute or erose at the tip, not turgid at maturity, usually awnless but rarely with a terminal awn up to 3(-10) mm long.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 378 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Annual. Culms tufted, erect or geniculate at base, 20–80 cm tall, 2–4-noded, smooth or scabrid below inflorescence. Leaf blades 5–20 cm × 3–6 mm, adaxial surface and margins smooth or scabrid, abaxial surface smooth; auricles up to 3 mm or absent; ligule 0.5–2.5 mm, rounded or truncate. Raceme stiff, straight or curved, 5–20 cm; rachis slender to fairly stout, smooth or scabrid, 1–3 mm thick, spikelets appressed to partly sunken, overlapping by half their length or up to their own length apart. Spikelets 1–2 cm, florets 5–10; glume lanceolate to oblong, as long as spikelet, 5–7(–9)-veined; lemmas oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5–8 mm, 3–5-veined, scabrid, apex obtuse or erose; awn absent or 3(–8) mm on upper fertile florets only. Caryopsis length 3 times width or more.
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 243, 244 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Gansu (Tianshui), Henan [Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe].
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 243, 244 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Distribution: Pakistan (Baluchistan; Punjab); southern Europe and the Mediterranean regions eastwards to Uzbekistan; introduced to most temperate countries.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 378 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Fields; 200–1800 m.
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 243, 244 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Physical Description ( Anglèis )

fornì da USDA PLANTS text
Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades very narrow or filiform, less than 2 mm wide, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence simple spikes, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 1 clearly present, the other greatly reduced or absent, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer t han spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Glumes 8-15 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea keels winged, scabrous, or ciliate, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
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Sərt quramat ( Aser )

fornì da wikipedia AZ

Sərt quramat lat. Lolium rigidium Gand.-dır

Sərt quramat

Bu bitki - 20-50 (60) sm hündürlüyündə taxıllar fəsiləsinin bir illik ot bitkisidir. Çox gövdəlidirlər, gövdələri nazik və dik qalxandırlar. Yarpaqları ensiz xətlidir. Aprel-may aylarında çiçəkləyirlər, iyunun əvvəlində meyvə verirlər. Efemerlik xüsusiyyətlərinə malik olub yovşanla fitosenoloji qruplaşma əmələ gətirirlər. Neftlə çirklənmiş torpaqların bioloji rekultivasiya mərhələsində yaxşı bitmə qabiliyətinə malik taxıl bitkisidir. Qara yonca ilə birlikdə sıx cəngəllik əmələ gətirməklə yüksək məhsuldarlığa (190 s/ha) malikdirlər.[1]

Xarici keçid

Həmçinin bax

İstinad

  1. Yaqubov Q.Ş. Azərbaycan respublikasının texnogen-pozulmuş torpaqlarının tədqiqi, genetik xüsusiyyətləri və onların rekulvitasiyası Bakı 2003
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Sərt quramat: Brief Summary ( Aser )

fornì da wikipedia AZ

Sərt quramat lat. Lolium rigidium Gand.-dır

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Steif-Lolch ( Alman )

fornì da wikipedia DE

Der Steif-Lolch (Lolium rigidum), auch Steifer Lolch[1] oder Ray-Gras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Lolch (Lolium) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

Beschreibung

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Halm mit Knoten und Basis des Laubblattes mit Blatthäutchen
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Ähriger Blütenstand

Vegetative Merkmale

Der Steif-Lolch ist eine einjährige krautige Pflanze und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 18 bis 45, in Extremfällen 6 bis 70 Zentimetern. Jeder Halm besitzt zwei bis vier Knoten. Die einfachen kahlen, dunkelgrünen Spreiten der Laubblätter sind bei einer Länge von bis zu 17 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 5 bis 8 Millimetern flach und oberseits gleichmäßig gerippt. Die Blattunterseite ist glatt und glänzend. Das Blatthäutchen erreicht 1,5 Millimeter Länge.[2]

Generative Merkmale

Der Blütenstand ist, wie typisch für die Gattung Lolium, eine Ähre, er ist 3 bis 30 Zentimeter lang. Charakteristisch für diese Art ist, dass ihre Ährchen in die steife Blütenstandsachse teilweise oder sogar vollständig eingesenkt und von der Hüllspelze völlig verdeckt sind, so dass sich eine glatte Außenkontur ergibt. Die Ährchen sind zwei- bis elfblütig. Alle Spelzen sind normalerweise grannenlos, selten trägt die Deckspelze eine bis zu 10 Millimeter lange, vor der Spitze sitzende Granne. Die Hüllspelzen sind länglich-lanzettlich und normalerweise stumpf, selten spitz oder zugespitzt.[2]

Vorkommen

Das ursprüngliche Verbreitungsgebiet von Lolium rigidum reicht von Nordafrika über Südeuropa bis Westasien und weiter ostwärts bis Pakistan, Indien und den chinesischen Provinzen Gansu und Henan. Eingeschleppt wurde Lolium rigidum beispielsweise in Australien sowie auf Lord Howe Island und Norfolk Island. In Australien gilt der Steif-Lolch in der Getreide-Landwirtschaft auch als Unkraut, zumal schon seit längerem Glyphosat- und weitere Herbizid-resistente Populationen aufgetaucht sind.[3] Lolium rigidum zählt zu den schwer bekämpfbaren Ackerunkräutern.

In Deutschland ist Lolium rigidum ein in Einbürgerung befindlicher Neophyt.[1]

Systematik

Innerhalb der Gattung Lolium gehört Lolium rigidum in eine Klade mit Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum und Lolium subulatum. Sie ist nach genetischen Daten die zuerst abgespaltene Art mit den anderen als gemeinsame Schwestergruppe. Nach den Methoden der molekularen Uhr wird ein Alter der Art von etwa 1,4 Millionen Jahren angenommen. Die Fähigkeit von Lolium rigidum, mit den verwandten Arten Hybriden auszubilden, ist umstritten. Obwohl Hybriden angegeben werden und zumindest mit Lolium perenne experimentell erzeugt werden können, deuten die Daten auf Reproduktionsbarrieren zwischen der Art und den verwandten Arten hin, diese sind nicht so frei kreuzbar wie beispielsweise Lolium perenne und Lolium multiflorum. Hybriden mit Lolium subulatum erwiesen sich als im männlichen Geschlecht steril.[4] Nach einer neueren phylogenetischen Analyse ist Lolium subulatum das Schwestertaxon.[5]

Es werden drei Unterarten unterschieden:[6]

  • Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum, nahezu im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet der Art
  • Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio (syn. Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz.), verbreitet von Sizilien bis zur Krim. Lolium subulatum Vis. wurde[2] und wird[7] oft als Synonym dieser Unterart angesehen, stellt aber eine eigenständige Art dar.[6]
  • Lolium rigidum subsp. negevense Feinbrun, in Israel und Jordanien vorkommend.[6]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Steifer Lolch. FloraWeb.de
  2. a b c C. J. Humphries: Lolium L. In: T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters, D. A. Webb (Hrsg.): Flora Europaea. Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X, S. 153–154 (englisch).
  3. M. J. Owen, N. J. Martinez, S. B. Powles: Multiple herbicide-resistant Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) now dominates across the Western Australian grain belt. In: Weed Research. Band 54, Nr. 3, 2014, S. 314–324, doi:10.1111/wre.12068.
  4. Kornelia Polok: Molecular evolution of the genus Lolium L. Studio Poligrafii Komputerowej „SQL“. Olszyn (Polen) 2007, ISBN 978-83-88125-52-2 (PDF-Datei).
  5. Yajuan Cheng, Xiao Ma, Kai Zhou, Mike W. Humphreys, Xin Quan Zhang: Phylogenetic analysis of Festuca–Lolium complex using SRAP markers. In: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Band 63, Nr. 1, 2016, S. 7–18, DOI:10.1007/s10722-015-0324-5.
  6. a b c Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz; Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Gerald Parolly (Mitarb.): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Lolium. In: Euro+Med Plantbase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009.
  7. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Lolium rigidum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 11. November 2016.
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Steif-Lolch: Brief Summary ( Alman )

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Der Steif-Lolch (Lolium rigidum), auch Steifer Lolch oder Ray-Gras genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Lolch (Lolium) innerhalb der Familie der Süßgräser (Poaceae).

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Lolium rigidum ( Anglèis )

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Lolium rigidum is a species of annual grass. Common names by which it is known include annual ryegrass, a name also given to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rigid ryegrass, stiff darnel, Swiss ryegrass and Wimmera ryegrass.[1] It is a native of southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and is grown as a forage crop, particularly in Australia, where it is also a serious and economically damaging crop weed.

Description

Lolium rigidum is an annual grass that grows in open tussocks. It has fibrous roots and can grow up to a metre tall. The plant form is usually erect but may be prostrate. The stems are often geniculate (with a knee-like bend) and are purplish at the base. The leaves are 5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 in) long, and 3 to 5 mm (0.12 to 0.20 in) wide; the upper surface is glossy dark green, flat and hairless with longitudinal veins, and the underside is shiny and smooth.

Annotated spikelet

The young leaves are rolled when in bud, the auricles are small and the ligule is white and translucent, wider than it is long. The unbranched flower spike is up to 30 cm (12 in) long, with the spikelets on alternating sides and edgeways-on to the rachis (stem), pressed into recesses in the stem.

The spikelets bear up to twelve florets, mostly with a single glume, with only the terminal floret having two. The glumes are up to three-quarters the length of the spikelet; their outer surface is finely ribbed with longitudinal veins. There is no awn, the lemma is oblong and has five nerves and the palea is a similar shape with two nerve and a few fine hairs. The three anthers are yellow.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Lolium rigidum is a native of the Mediterranean area. Its natural range includes Western, Southern and Central Europe, northern Africa, the Near East, western Asia and the Indian sub-continent. It has spread to many other parts of the world and is considered invasive in some regions. It is planted in Australia as a forage crop but not usually in Europe.[3] It was introduced as a forage crop in Australia around 1880, but has since proven to be an economically damaging weed that infests other more important crops, such as canola and wheat.[4]

Ecology

Lolium rigidum is a diploid grass with a chromosome number of n=7 (2n=14). It exhibits much genetic variability and grows readily in a variety of situations and habitats. It can hybridise with both perennial (L. perenne) and Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum), as well as some species of Festuca. It propagates solely by seed; freshly shed seed displays dormancy.[2] It is sometimes infected by a rust fungus which has an inhibitory effect on the growth of clovers.[5]

The flower spike of L. rigidum may become infected by a certain species of bacteria, which results in the production of corynetoxins which are toxic to livestock; ingestion of infected material causes a disease, known as annual ryegrass toxicity or annual ryegrass staggers, which is known to occur in the west and south of Australia and in South Africa.[6] The infection is caused by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus, which is introduced into the grass by the nematode Anguina funesta. This nematode causes galls on the grass flower spikes and it is in these that the bacteria multiply. Infected galls are present in the winter, but become more toxic as the inflorescence dies in spring. The disease occurs when the pasture is grazed at this toxic stage. Topping the pasture before grazing may prevent the condition, but the seed heads are still toxic when preserved as hay.[7] The symptoms of poisoning are neurological, often causing a mortality rate of forty to fifty percent in infected animals.[6]

L. rigidum is susceptible to infection by ergot (Claviceps purpurea), and also by take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis) which can cause serious losses in cereal crops.[2]

Uses

Lolium rigidum is grown as a forage crop in suitable areas. About 80% of the seed germinates in the autumn, soon after the first significant rains, and about 5% may remain dormant for twelve months. The plant has vigorous growth, and flowering is initiated when the day length is at least eight hours. This means that the crop has a relatively uniform flowering period in late winter/early spring.[5]

Damaging effects

Because L. rigidum has been grown as a forage crop in southern Australia since the nineteenth century and seeds readily, it grows ubiquitously in the region with large, genetically diverse populations. Now that arable crops are increasingly been grown, it has become an important weed of these crops.[8] The main reason for its success in competing with crops is its ability to produce prolific numbers of seeds per plant – up to 45,000 seed per 1 m2 (11 sq ft) – and also its ability to compete with crops at a very early stage of their life cycle.[9]

In addition, it serves as a host for species of the bacteria Clavibacter, which cause annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT), and can be infected by the poisonous ergot fungus,[9] which causes ergotism in humans and other mammals.[10]

Attempts to control it with herbicide have met with an unexpectedly high level of herbicide resistance. Over 90% of plants in some populations are tolerant to some of the widely used herbicides. Instead of wiping out the L. rigidum, the herbicides have resulted in the selection of resistant genotypes.[8][9] Possible bioherbicides are being explored, including Pyrenophora seminiperda, a fungus.[4]

L. rigidum has become one of the most serious and economically damaging weeds in southern Australia. A 2021 study listed annual ryegrass as fourth on the list of invasive species which cost Australian farmers the most over a 60-year period, at over a billion Australian dollars.[11]

References

  1. ^ "Annual ryegrass: Lolium rigidum". Weeds of Australia. Biosecurity Queensland. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass)". Invasive Species Compendium. CABI. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  3. ^ Boller, Beat; Posselt, Ulrich K.; Veronesi, Fabio (2010). Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 213–216. ISBN 978-1-4419-0760-8.
  4. ^ a b Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority (2008). Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) (PDF) (Report). Best Management Practices for Dryland Cropping Systems. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Annual ryegrass". HerbiGuide. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  6. ^ a b Simpson, Wayne (1 August 2013). "Annual ryegrass staggers". Merck. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Annual ryegrass toxicity". SheepConnect. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  8. ^ a b "Lolium rigidum in Australia: a very resistance prone weed!". Plants in Action. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  9. ^ a b c "Annual ryegrass". Agriculture and Food. Western Australia. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. 7 December 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  10. ^ Wegulo, Stephen N; Carlson, Michael P. (2011). "Ergot of Small Grain Cereals and Grasses and Its Health Effects on Humans and Livestock" (PDF). University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension.
  11. ^ Khan, Jo (31 July 2021). "Invasive species have cost Australia $390 billion in the past 60 years, study shows". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 30 July 2021.

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Lolium rigidum: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Lolium rigidum is a species of annual grass. Common names by which it is known include annual ryegrass, a name also given to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rigid ryegrass, stiff darnel, Swiss ryegrass and Wimmera ryegrass. It is a native of southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and is grown as a forage crop, particularly in Australia, where it is also a serious and economically damaging crop weed.

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Lolium rigidum ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Lolium rigidum, conocido como vallico,[2]​ es una monocotiledónea, con valor forrajero perteneciente a la familia de las poáceas.

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Vista de la planta en su hábitat
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Semilla

Distribución

Se distribuye por la costa del Mediterráneo, tanto en el sur de Europa como el norte de África, también en Asia Central y el subcontinente indio.

Morfología

Planta anual de 10-60 cm, con los tallos frecuentemente postrados o ascendentes, ásperos en la parte superior. Hojas con corta lígula membranosa y aurículas; prefoliación enrollada. Inflorescencia en espiga con el raquis rígido. Espiguillas con una sola gluma, con 2-11 flores. Anteras de 3-4,5 mm de longitud. Es terófita.

Especies próximas

Lolium perenne tiene las anteras menores de 3 mm, y es una especie perenne; L. multiflorum tiene las glumas más cortas, que como mucho alcanzan 2/3 de la longitud de la espiguilla y en ocasiones presentan las lemas aristadas.

Zonas favorables

Se da en climas mediterráneos con un largo periodo de sequía en verano. Se adapta a condiciones climáticas semiáridas y es menos exigente en agua que los raigrases de la zona atlántica. Resiste las bajas temperaturas. Se adapta a suelos de diversa índole.

Usos

En Australia es utilizada en zonas de más de 300 mm y es un componente habitual de las praderas anuales con el trébol subterráneo.

En España su uso no ha llegado a generalizarse por ser en principio una planta que puede invadir los campos y tierras de labor. Las semillas pueden permanecer sin germinar después de las lluvias de otoño, e incluso durante cualquier periodo del cultivo. Este fenómeno se da por la necesidad de luz de algunas semillas de Lolium rigidum para germinar.

En España se podría usar como un cultivo anual igual que el Lolium multiflorum, sembrada a finales de verano (agosto, septiembre), para lo cual hay que contar con las condiciones del centro y suroeste con posibilidad de riego. Disponiendo de riego para la primera época de desarrollo hasta que caigan las lluvias de otoño, produce rápidamente un forraje abundante y de buena calidad, y proporciona alimento en los meses de invierno.

Interés forrajero

Es un cultivo con buen crecimiento invernal (si las lluvias otoñales acompañan) y gran capacidad de ahijamiento. En secano las producciones son muy oscilantes, dependiendo básicamente del régimen hídrico, pudiendo alcanzar valores de hasta 9 t ms/ha en condiciones óptimas. El forraje es de buena calidad. Los contenidos de proteína bruta son altos, pudiendo oscilar alrededor del 25% cuando la planta está en estado hojoso y del 14% en el encañado.

Las características de esta especie (autoresiembra, implantación fácil, valor forrajero,..) la hacen muy adecuada para el establecimiento de rotaciones forrajeras de bajo mantenimiento en áreas mediterráneas. Es importante indicar el carácter adventicio de esta especie, considerada una de las principales malas hierbas de los campos cerealistas.

Taxonomía

Lolium rigidum fue descrita por (Gaudin) Weiss ex Nyman y publicado en Agrostologia Helvetica, definitionem . . . 1: 334–335. 1811.[3][4][5]

Etimología

Lolium : nombre genérico dado por Virgilio a una maleza problemática.[6]

rigidum: epíteto latino que significa "rígida".[7]

Sinonimia
  • Arthrochortus loliaceus Lowe
  • Crypturus loliaceus (Bory & Chaub) Link
  • Festuca aleppica Hochst. ex Steud.
  • Lolium arenarium Rouville
  • Lolium crassiculme Rech.f.
  • Lolium cylindricum K.Koch
  • Lolium durum K.Koch
  • Lolium flagellare Spruner ex Boiss.
  • Lolium humile Rouy
  • Lolium husnotii Sennen
  • Lolium lepturoides Boiss.
  • Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz.
  • Lolium lowei Menezes
  • Lolium macilentum Delastre
  • Lolium multiflorum var. muticum DC.
  • Lolium multiflorum var. rigidum (Gaudin) Trab.
  • Lolium parabolicae Sennen
  • Lolium perenne subsp. rigidum (Gaudin) Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Lolium perenne var. rigidum (Gaudin) Coss. & Durieu
  • Lolium phoenice Rouville
  • Lolium strictum C.Presl
  • Lolium subulatum Vis.
  • Lolium suffultum Sieber ex Huter
  • Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum Godr.
  • Lolium temulentum var. subulatum (Vis.) Husn.
  • Lolium teres H.Lindb.
  • Monerma stricta (J.Presl) J.Presl ex Steud.
  • Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub.[8][9]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. Consp. Fl. Eur. 4: 845. 1882 (IK)
  2. Peralta, Javier y Royuela, Mercedes. «familia Gramineae, Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum: vallico». Flora arvense de Navarra. Universidad Pública de Navarra. Consultado el 27 de mayo de 2017.
  3. «Lolium rigidum». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 21 de diciembre de 2013.
  4. Lolium rigidum en PlantList
  5. «Lolium rigidum en». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 17 de enero de 2014.
  6. (en inglés) Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008). «The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references». The Grass Genera of the World. Consultado el 26 de febrero de 2010.
  7. En Epítetos Botánicos
  8. Lolium rigidum en PlantList
  9. «Lolium rigidum en». World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 17 de enero de 2014.

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Lolium rigidum: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Lolium rigidum, conocido como vallico,​ es una monocotiledónea, con valor forrajero perteneciente a la familia de las poáceas.

 src= Vista de la planta en su hábitat  src= Semilla
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Tankearaiheinä ( Finlandèis )

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Tankearaiheinä (Lolium rigidum) on raiheiniin kuuluva yksivuotinen heinälaji. Se kasvaa muun muassa Etelä-Euroopassa, Pohjois-Afrikassa ja Aasiassa. Pohjoismaissa lajia on tavattu hyvin harvinaisena satunnaistulokkaana, myös Suomessa pari kertaa.

Tankearaiheinä kasvaa 20–40 senttimetriä korkeaksi mättääksi. Sen tähkylät kasvavat raiheinille tyypillisesti kahtena rivinä, vuoroittain tähkärangan molemmin puolin. Lajilla tähkäranka on jäykkä ja tähkylät painuneet siihen tiiviisti kiinni.[1]

Lähteet

  1. Mossberg, B. & Stenberg, L.: Suuri Pohjolan kasvio, 2. painos, s. 826. Suomentanut Vuokko, S. & Väre, H. Helsinki: Tammi, 2005. ISBN 951-31-2924-1.
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Tankearaiheinä: Brief Summary ( Finlandèis )

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Tankearaiheinä (Lolium rigidum) on raiheiniin kuuluva yksivuotinen heinälaji. Se kasvaa muun muassa Etelä-Euroopassa, Pohjois-Afrikassa ja Aasiassa. Pohjoismaissa lajia on tavattu hyvin harvinaisena satunnaistulokkaana, myös Suomessa pari kertaa.

Tankearaiheinä kasvaa 20–40 senttimetriä korkeaksi mättääksi. Sen tähkylät kasvavat raiheinille tyypillisesti kahtena rivinä, vuoroittain tähkärangan molemmin puolin. Lajilla tähkäranka on jäykkä ja tähkylät painuneet siihen tiiviisti kiinni.

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Ivraie raide ( Fransèis )

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Lolium rigidum

L'ivraie raide est une plante herbacée annuelle de la famille des poacées, originaire des régions tempérées de l'ancien monde

Noms scientifiques : Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Synonyme Lolium structum Presl.), famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Pooideae, tribu des Poeae.

Noms communs : ivraie raide, ivraie à épis serrés, ivraie à épi serré.

Description

 src=
Lolium rigidum

L'ivraie raide est une plante annuelle à tiges dressées formant des touffes de 20 cm à 60 cm de haut, aux feuilles très allongées, glabres, à pointe aiguë de couleur vert foncé.

Les fleurs verdâtres sont regroupées en épis de 25 cm de long formés de nombreux épillets relativement écartés de l'axe de l'épi, chaque épillet comptant une dizaine de fleurs.

Distribution

Cette espèce est originaire des régions tempérées et chaudes de l'ancien monde : Afrique du Nord (du Maroc à l'Égypte), Europe méridionale du Portugal à la Grèce, Asie occidentale (Turquie, région du Caucase, Moyen-Orient, péninsule Arabique), Asie centrale (Daghestan, Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan) et sous-continent indien (Inde, Pakistan).

Elle s'est largement naturalisée dans toutes les régions tempérées du globe.

Effets du Glyphosate

En France, l'INRA de Dijon confirmait en 2007 un premier cas de résistance au glyphosate.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

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Ivraie raide: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Lolium rigidum

L'ivraie raide est une plante herbacée annuelle de la famille des poacées, originaire des régions tempérées de l'ancien monde

Noms scientifiques : Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Synonyme Lolium structum Presl.), famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Pooideae, tribu des Poeae.

Noms communs : ivraie raide, ivraie à épis serrés, ivraie à épi serré.

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Tvrdi ljulj ( Croat )

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Tvrdi ljulj (lat. Lolium rigidum, sin. Lolium strictum C.Presl), vrsta ljulja, jednogodišnjeg raslinja iz porodice trava. Raširena je po dijelovima Europe (uključujući i Hrvatsku[1]), Azije i Afrike, a uvezena je i u obje Amerike i Australiju.

Izvori

  1. FCD pristupljeno 11. rujna 2018
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Na Zajedničkom poslužitelju postoje datoteke vezane uz: Tvrdi ljulj
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Wikivrste imaju podatke o: Lolium rigidum
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Tvrdi ljulj: Brief Summary ( Croat )

fornì da wikipedia hr Croatian

Tvrdi ljulj (lat. Lolium rigidum, sin. Lolium strictum C.Presl), vrsta ljulja, jednogodišnjeg raslinja iz porodice trava. Raširena je po dijelovima Europe (uključujući i Hrvatsku), Azije i Afrike, a uvezena je i u obje Amerike i Australiju.

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Lolium lowei ( portughèis )

fornì da wikipedia PT

Lolium lowei é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Menezes, tendo sido publicada em Gramin. Arch. Madeira 47 (1906).[1]

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente no Arquipélago da Madeira.

Em termos de naturalidade é endémica da Região Macaronésia.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

  1. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 de Outubro de 2014 http://www.tropicos.org>

Bibliografia

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Lolium lowei: Brief Summary ( portughèis )

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Lolium lowei é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Poaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Menezes, tendo sido publicada em Gramin. Arch. Madeira 47 (1906).

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Пажитниця жорстка ( ucrain )

fornì da wikipedia UK

Опис

Однорічна зеленувата рослина. Стебла до 120 см, жолобчасті, голі. Колоски (4,5) 7-20 мм, еліптичні або ланцетні. Цвіте з березня по серпень.

Використовується як постійна складова пасовищ.

Поширення

Північна Африка: Алжир; Єгипет; Лівія; Марокко; Туніс. Азія: Кувейт; Афганістан; Єгипет — Синай; Іран; Ірак; Ізраїль; Йорданія; Ліван; Сирія; Туреччина; Туркменістан; Узбекистан; Індія — Джамму і Кашмір; Пакистан. Кавказ: Вірменія; Азербайджан; Грузія; Росія — Передкавказзя, Дагестан. Європа: Швейцарія; Україна [вкл. Крим]; Албанія; Болгарія; Хорватія; Греція [вкл. Крит]; Італія [вкл. Сардинія, Сицилія]; Сербія; Словенія; Франція [вкл. Корсика]; Португалія [вкл. Мадейра]; Іспанія. Натуралізований в деяких інших країнах. Населяє пасовища і луки.

Примітки

  1. Lolium rigidum // Ю. Кобів. Словник українських наукових і народних назв судинних рослин (Серія «Словники України»). — Київ : Наукова думка, 2004. — 800 с. — ISBN 966-00-0355-2.
  2. Довідник назв рослин України. Наукове товариство імені Шевченка Лісівничої академії наук України, за участю працівників Державного природознавчого музею НАН України та студентів і викладачів Прикарпатського лісогосподарського коледжу. Розробка веб-ресурсу: Третяк Платон Романович.

Галерея

Джерела

Starr 001026-8001 Poa pratensis.jpg Це незавершена стаття про Тонконогові.
Ви можете допомогти проекту, виправивши або дописавши її.
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Lolium rigidum ( vietnamèis )

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Lolium rigidum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Gaudich. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1811.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Lolium rigidum. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Lolium rigidum: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Lolium rigidum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được Gaudich. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1811.

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硬直黑麦草 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Lolium rigidum
Gaudin

硬直黑麦草学名Lolium rigidum)为禾本科黑麦草属下的一个种。

参考文献

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硬直黑麦草: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

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硬直黑麦草(学名:Lolium rigidum)为禾本科黑麦草属下的一个种。

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